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JP4187907B2 - Electric power supply and demand control system - Google Patents
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JP4187907B2 - Electric power supply and demand control system - Google Patents

Electric power supply and demand control system Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4187907B2
JP4187907B2 JP2000179998A JP2000179998A JP4187907B2 JP 4187907 B2 JP4187907 B2 JP 4187907B2 JP 2000179998 A JP2000179998 A JP 2000179998A JP 2000179998 A JP2000179998 A JP 2000179998A JP 4187907 B2 JP4187907 B2 JP 4187907B2
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power
power supply
demand
supply
distributed
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JP2002010500A (en
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伸弘 土屋
淳一 三宅
晃一 小島
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Toshiba Plant Systems and Services Corp
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Toshiba Plant Systems and Services Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14Combined heat and power generation [CHP]

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  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、所定地域であるコミュニティ以外の発電ないし売電事業者等の電気事業者等から供給される電力と、コミュニティ内の分散型電源の発電電力とを、コミュニティ内の複数の電力需要家に需要に応じて配分する電力需要供給制御システムに係り、特に、コミュニティ内全体の余剰電力を主に電力以外の例えば熱エネルギー等の種々の形態で貯蔵するエネルギー貯蔵設備を設けた電力需要供給制御システムに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、この種の電力供給制御システムの一例としては、例えば特開平11−308771号公報に記載されている電力供給制御装置がある。
【0003】
この電力供給制御装置は、発電ないし売電事業者等の電気事業者から供給される電力を、所定のコミュニティ内の複数の電力需要家(以下単に需要家という)にまとめて協調制御して配分しようとするものであり、その配分の際に、予め想定した需要家全体の消費電力と実際の消費電力とに差異がある場合に、その差異を補償して電力を供給するものである。また、各需要家へ実際に供給される電力供給量が電力購入契約条件に違反する場合は、その需要家の電力消費を削減している。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、このような従来の電力供給制御装置では、最終需要家が単なる電力消費者であり、マイクロガスタービン発電装置や太陽光発電装置、風力発電装置、燃料電池等の小規模分散型電源を備えた需要家にも電力を供給することを想定していない。
【0005】
このために、分散型電源を備えた需要家の中で、自家消費電力量よりも発電量の方が多い余剰電力を発生させた場合には、その需要家は、その余剰電力を電気事業者に売却することができず、発電を抑制し、または電力を捨てることになる。これは例えば発電用燃料を廃棄することと同様であるので、需要家に経済的損失を招くうえに、地球資源を浪費することにもなるという大きな課題がある。
【0006】
そして、近年の電力売買自由化が大容量ないし特高電圧から小容量、高低電圧のレベルまで拡大推進されて、発電単価の割安な各種の小規模分散電源が自家消費用のみならず売電業者として電力の販売に参入をする場合には、小規模電源の集合体故に電力の供給側と需要側の総合的なバランスが取り難くなり、電力系統が不安定になり易くなるという課題がある。
【0007】
そこで、小規模分散型電源により売電を行なう場合、電力売買の地域として、売り手と買い手はある程度近い距離の地域内で契約する場合、個々の電力の供給者と需要者が個別に直接に売買契約をせずに、ある地域内での電力の需要と供給をまとめてバランスさせるための役割を果たす第三者機関、例えば地域電力コミュニティ組織を介在させる方式が考えられる。
【0008】
この場合、このような地域電力コミュニティ組織は、コミュニティに加盟している需要家の各種の分散型電源がその分散型電源の各種利点を最大限に使用しながら低価格でその地域の電力を供給し、全需要に対し分散型電源の発電容量ではどうしても賄いきれない分を、他の売電業者(例えば電力会社等の電気事業者)からの高価な買電で補いつつ、コミュニティ組織が管轄する電力系統全体の需給のバランスを取って行くことになる。この場合、コミュニティの外部からの購入電力量は高価であるので、最低限の一定電力量で契約する方がコスト的に有利である。
【0009】
一方、小規模分散型電源は多くの異なる発電方式や運転特性を有するため、これらの小規模分散電源の個々の供給電力の合計とコミュニティ組織に加盟している需要者の需要を、うまくバランスさせるための総合的な需給バランスを制御するシステムが要請される。
【0010】
本発明はこのような事情を考慮してなされたもので、その目的は、所定地域(コミュニティ)内の分散型電源を備えた電力需要家を含む複数の電力需要家への配電とこれら需要家間の電力需給を低コストで行なうことができると共に、電力系統を安定させることができる電力需要供給制御システムを提供することにある。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1に係る発明は、所定地域外から所定の電力量の購入を決定する電力売買装置と、前記所定地域内の各々異なる種類の分散型電源を有する複数の電力需要家のいずれかに具備されている前記分散型電源に入力され、または出力されるエネルギーを貯蔵するエネルギー貯蔵設備と、前記各分散型電源の運転をそれぞれの異なる種類の分散型電源に固有の特性に適合した運転方法により、その運転をそれぞれ監視制御する分散型電源監視制御装置と、前記電力売買装置により購入された所定の電力量と前記所定地域内全体の分散型電源からの総発電電力量とを前記所定地域内の電力需要家に各々の電力需要に応じて配分し、その配分の際に、電力総需要量と総供給量とに差があるときは、その差を解消するように前記分散型電源の運転を前記分散型電源監視制御装置を介して制御して電力の需給を調整する電力需給制御装置とを具備し、前記電力需給制御装置は、所定地域内全体が電力供給過剰であるときに、少なくとも1台の分散型電源の運転を、この分散型電源からの出力が電力以外のエネルギーの形態で出力されるように制御し、そのエネルギーをエネルギー貯蔵設備に貯蔵させるように構成されており、さらに、前記電力需給制御装置は、所定地域内全体が電力供給不足であるときに、その電力供給不足を補償するために前記分散型電源の発電電力量を増大させるように、この分散型電源の運転を前記分散型電源監視制御装置により制御させるように構成されていることを特徴とする電力需要供給制御システムである。
【0012】
この発明によれば、電気事業者から購入された電力量と所定地域(コミュニティ)内の分散型電源からの発電電力量とが電力需給制御装置により複数の電力需要家(以下、単に需要家という)に各需要に応じて配分され、その配分の際に電力総需要量と総供給量とに差があるときは、その差を解消するように分散型電源の運転が分散型電源制御装置により制御される。
【0013】
すなわち、所定地域内の複数の需要家の電力需給を、所定地域(コミュニティ)全体として行ない、個々の需要家と電気事業者との間で個別には行なわないので、電力需給のバランスが取り易くなり、電力系統の安定性を向上させることができる。
【0014】
また、電気事業者からの割高な購入電力量のみならず、分散型電源の割安な発電電力も需要家に供給するので、コスト低減を図ることができる。
【0015】
さらに、コミュニティ内の電力総需要量と総供給量とに差があるときは、分散型電源の発電力を有効に活用することができ、その発電力を捨てないので、コスト低減を図ることができる。
【0017】
この発明によれば、コミュニティ内全体が電力供給過剰であるときは、少なくとも1台の分散型電源の運転を、この分散型電源からの出力が電力以外の例えば熱エネルギー等の種々の形態で出力されるように制御され、これらエネルギーが例えば蓄熱槽等のエネルギー貯蔵設備に貯蔵されるので、分散型電源から出力される電力が充電される充電装置の小型化を図ることができるうえに、分散型電源の固有の特性に適合したエネルギーの形態で貯蔵できるので、エネルギー貯蔵効率の向上を図ることができる。
【0019】
また、コミュニティ内全体が電力供給不足であるときには、その電力不足を補償させるように分散型電源の割安な発電電力量のみを増大させて、電気事業者からの割高な購入電力量を増大させないので、コスト低減を図ることができる。
【0023】
さらに、分散型電源制御装置により分散型電源を、その電源に固有の特性に適合した運転方法で制御するので、その運転効率を向上させることができる。
【0024】
請求項2の発明は、前記電力需給制御装置は、所定地域内全体が電力供給過剰であるときに、熱電併給可能かつ熱電比率が可変の分散型電源の当該熱電比率の設定を熱出力比率が高まるように前記分散型電源監視制御装置により変更し、その熱エネルギーを前記エネルギー貯蔵設備に熱エネルギーとして貯蔵させるように構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載の電力需要供給制御システムである。
【0025】
この発明によれば、例えばマイクロガスタービン発電装置のように分散型電源が熱電併給可能かつ熱電比率が可変である場合には、その熱出力比率が高まるように熱電比率を変更することにより、容易に発電量と熱出力の比率を制御することができる。
【0026】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の一実施形態を図1〜図4に基づいて説明する。なお、これらの図中、同一または相当部分には同一符号を付している。
【0027】
図1は本発明の第1の実施形態に係る電力需要供給制御システム6を具備した電力系統1のブロック図である。この電力系統1は、電力会社等の例えば複数の電気事業者2a,…,2nが複数の需要家(電力需要家)3a,3b,…,3nに電力をそれぞれ供給し、またはこれら需要家3a〜3nのいずれかが備えている小規模分散型電源4,4…で発電した電力を需要家3a〜3nに配分する一方、その余剰電力を電気事業者2a〜2n側に売却して供給する送配電系統5の途中に、電力需要供給制御システム6を介在させている。
【0028】
需要家3a〜3nとしては、個人等電力消費量の比較的小さい小口需要家から製造業等の何らかの事業者等で電力消費量が比較的多い大口の需要家までを含み、さらに、これら需要家3a〜3nの中には、自家消費用または売電用に小規模分散型電源4を保有しているものがいる。この小規模分散型電源4としては、例えば図2に示すようにディーゼル発電装置4a、マイクロガスタービン発電装置4b、燃料電池4c、太陽光発電装置4d、風力発電装置4e、マイクロ水力発電装置4f等があり、これら分散型電源4の各々は、図1中破線で示す有線または無線の各需要家側通信系7を介して電力供給制御システム6に双方向通信自在に接続されており、これら分散型電源4の発電容量や発電量、稼働状態等発電に関する情報を必要に応じて電力供給制御システム6により読み込まれるように構成されている。
【0029】
また、電力供給制御システム6は、図1中破線で示す有線または無線の電気事業者側通信系8を介して各電気事業者2a〜2nに双方向通信自在に構成されており、電気事業者2a〜2nから所要量の電力を各需要家3a〜3nに代って総括して購入し、または余剰電力を売却する際に必要となる情報を受信し得るようなっている。
【0030】
上記各通信系7,8は一般電話回線またはISDN回線によるインターネットや専用回線、無線等があるが、いずれでもよい。
【0031】
そして、図3に示すように電力需要供給制御システム6は、上記需要家側通信系7を介して各需要家3a〜3nに双方向で通信自在に接続されている需要家連絡装置6a、この需要家連絡装置6aにより各需要家3a〜3nから各契約電力量のデータを収集し、その収集した契約電力量を契約テーブル6bに登録する契約電力量収集装置6c、電力需給制御装置6d、電力売買装置6e、売買電力量テーブル6f、各分散型電源4の運転をその固有の特性に応じて制御する分散型電源監視制御装置6g、各分散型電源4から出力される電力または電力以外の熱エネルギー等の種々のエネルギーを貯蔵するエネルギー貯蔵装置6hを具備しており、これら装置6a〜6h間はLANや装置内通信路(バス)により接続されている。
【0032】
売買電力量テーブル6fには、各需要家3a〜3nの通年の単位時間当りの電力消費量の各データと、分散型電源4を備えている各需要家3a〜3nの通年の単位時間当りの発電量の各データと、分散型電源4を具備しているか否かに拘らず所定地域のコミュニティC内にある複数の需要家3a〜3nをグループ化しているグループデータと、通年の単位時間当りの電力を電気事業者2a〜2nから購入(買電)する電力量、その購入先の電気事業者2a〜2nのいずれか、これとは逆にコミュニティC全体の余剰電力を電気事業者2a〜2nに売却(売電)する電力と、その売却先の電気事業者2a〜2nのデータと、過去の通年における電力売買実績データ等を記録している。
【0033】
そして、上記需要家連絡装置6aは、主に下記の機能を有する。
【0034】
(1)契約電力未受信通知機能
これは電力需給制御装置6dから契約電力量が未受信である所要の需要家3a〜3nのいずれかとその内容が指示されたときに、それに応じて予め決められたフォーマットに従って、該当する需要家3a〜3nのいずれかへ契約電力量の登録を促す通知を発信する機能である。
【0035】
(2)供給電力量通知機能
これは需要供給制御装置6dから後述するDA、およびHAにてスケジューリングされた供給電力量を指示されたときに、その過不足に応じて予め決められたフォーマットにより供給電力量を、各需要家3a〜3nに通知する機能である。
【0036】
(3)供給電力量制限要求機能
これは需要供給制御装置6dから契約電力量と供給電力量との間に差があり、それが調整できないという理由が指示されたときに、その理由に応じて予め決められたフォーマットに従って、該当する需要家3a〜3nのいずれかへ使用量を変更するか、使用方法を制限する旨を通知する機能である。
【0037】
(4)回答機能
これはシステム管理者が、客先情報テーブルに格納された各種情報を処理するときに、各需要家3a〜3nへの回答が必要である場合に、システム管理者から直接、需要家連絡装置6aに、その内容が指示され、該当する各需要家3a〜3nへ回答を行なう機能である。
【0038】
また、上記契約電力量収集装置6cは、各需要家3a〜3nへの実際の電力供給日の前日のある時刻tよりも所定時間早いある時刻tにおいて、需要家3a〜3nからの翌日の契約電力量データを確認し、そのデータが未受信である場合、直ちに需要供給制御装置6dにその旨を通達する機能を有し、上記時刻tやtは、その電力売買市場形態によって異なるが、例えば、時刻t=18時とした場合、時刻t=17時等になる。
【0039】
また、契約電力量収集装置6cは各需要家3a〜3nから、通信手段を利用してリアルタイムに送られてくる要望・質問等を含めた客先情報を図示しない客先情報テーブルに格納し、システム管理者に通知する。通知を受けたシステム管理者は、適宜処理を行って、必要であれば需要家連絡装置6aを介して、各需要家3a〜3nへ連絡する機能を有する。
【0040】
エネルギー貯蔵設備6hとしては、電力を貯蔵する充電装置、水素を貯蔵する水素タンク、水蒸気や熱水等を貯蔵する蓄熱槽や水槽熱槽等がある。
【0041】
すなわち、エネルギー貯蔵装置6hは、コミュニティC全体における電力供給に余剰が発生したときに、その余剰電力を電気事業者2a〜2nに売買せずに、充電装置に充電し、または電気エネルギー以外の種々のエネルギーの形態で貯蔵する貯蔵手段を具備している。例えば、分散型電源4が燃料電池4cである場合に、コミュニティC全体に余剰電力が発生したときは、この燃料電池4cの発電力量の一部が充電装置に一旦充電されて電気エネルギーの形態で貯蔵され、または、その余剰電力の一部により発電作用の逆の水の電気分解により水素を発生させ、その水素を水素タンクに充填して貯蔵する一方、コミュニティC全体が電力供給不足であるときに、上記水素タンクから水素を燃料電池4cに供給して水素供給量を増加させることにより発電電力量を増大させるものである。
【0042】
また、余剰電力の一部により冷凍機を駆動して冷水ないし氷を作り、この氷等を氷蓄熱装置により保存し、これら冷水をエアコン駆動の電力の少なくとも一部に代えて需要家3a〜3nに供給してもよい。したがって、エネルギー貯蔵装置6hは、その種々のエネルギーを需要家3a〜3nに供給し、または戻す配管を備えている。あるいは余剰電力により例えば電気温水器を駆動して温水を作り、この温水を配管を介して需要家3a〜3nに供給してもよい。
【0043】
さらに、マイクロガスタービン発電装置4aのように熱電併給可能かつ熱電変換比率変更可能な場合には、その熱電変換比率を変更することにより、発電電力量を制御することができる。
【0044】
そして、電力需給制御装置6dは、以下のリアルタイム制御機能、DAスケジューリング機能、HAスケジューリング機能を有する。
【0045】
(1)前日までのリアルタイム制御機能
これは実際の電力供給日の例えば前日の所定の登録受付最終時刻tになるまでに、契約電力収集装置6cから契約電力量が未受信である旨の連絡を受けたときに、直ちに需要家に警告を送信するよう需要家連絡装置6aに指示する機能である。
【0046】
(2)DA(Day−Ahead)スケジューリング機能
これは実際の電力供給日の前日のある時刻tになると、各需要家3a〜3nが要求している電力契約量を売買電力量テーブル6hから取得する一方、契約電力データが未登録の需要家3a〜3nに対しては、翌日の需要がないものとして、ゼロを入れる機能である。登録受付最終時刻tは電力売買市場形態によって異なるが、例えばここでは、t=18時とする。次に売買電力量デーブル6fからある期間における電力購入実績データを読み出し、その取得の際のパラメータは購入すべき電力量と単位時間当りの価格である。
【0047】
また、電力需要制御装置6dは次の数式(1)の目的関数が最小になるように最適な電力供給スケジュールを決定する。目的関数の例としては、例えばトータルコスト最小化が代表的なものである。例えば、深夜電力が昼間に比べて格段に安く、昼間に購入するよりもコストが小さくなる場合、需要家3a〜3nの需要電力量と比べて深夜に購入量を多くする電力購入量のスケジュールを決定する。
【0048】
【数1】

Figure 0004187907
【0049】
このように決定した購入スケジュールをそれぞれ、売買電力量テーブル6fに格納した後、電力売買装置6eに最低限必要な一定の電力量の電力購入を指示する。電力売買装置6eから回答が来た後、その売買電力量テーブル6fから購入結果を読み出して、確認後、需要家連絡装置6aに購入スケジュールを連絡し記録させる。
【0050】
(3)HA(Hour−Ahead)スケジューリング機能
この機能は、実際の電力供給日に入って、所定時間t毎に所定時間t先の、各需要家3a〜3nが要求している電力の契約量を、電力契約テーブル6bから読み出し、契約量データが未登録の需要家に対しては、その時間の需要がないものとして、ゼロを入れるものである。上記時間tやtは、その電力売買市場形態によって異なるが、例えばt=t=1時間とすれば、実際の電力供給日の1時間毎に、1時間先の契約量データを読み出すことになる。
【0051】
次に、前日に設定した電力供給量と現在予測した電力需要量の間に差異がないか否か確認する。この差異が認められたとしても、所定地域のコミュニティC全体における複数の需要家3a〜3n同士で調整が可能な場合は、需要家連絡装置6aにその調整結果を連絡することで対応する。
【0052】
そして、電力需要量が電力供給量を上回っていて、コミュニティC全体における需要家3a〜3bの電力が不足している場合は上述したように図3(c)に示すように分散型電源4の運転を制御する。
【0053】
そして、電力を購入する場合は、電力売買装置6eに電力購入を指示する。一方、上記電力需給の調整が完了した場合、需要家連絡装置6aにその結果を連絡する。また、電力需要量が電力供給量を上回る場合を調整しきれなかった場合は、直ちに各需要家3a〜3nにその結果を連絡し、電力の品質とコストに関して最適な方法を選択して、電力の供給量と需要量がバランスがとれるように、各需要家3a〜3nの需要量自体を調整する。
【0054】
図4(a)〜(c)は上記コミュニティC内の電力需要のバランス構成を示しており、この需要バランスは、原則的には図4(a)に示すようにコミュニティCの外部の電気事業者2a〜2nから購入する購入電力量Xと、コミュニティC内の分散型電源4の総発電電力量Yとの総和(X+Y=100%)とからなり、比較的割高な購入電力量Xを必要最低限の所定量にほぼ一定させてコスト低減を図っており、コミュニティC内全体における需要変動に対しては、コミュニティC内の分散型電源4の運転を分散型電源監視制御装置6gにより制御して総発電電力量Yを制御することにより調整するようになっている。
【0055】
例えば図4(b)に示すように電力需要が予測に対してYb%不足のとき(X+Ya+Yb=100%)、つまり余剰電力がYb%あるときは、コミュニティC内の分散型電源4の総発電電力量をY%からYb%差し引いたYa%に低減し、減少されたYb%の電力量相当分は、各分散型電源4の固有の特性に適合したエネルギーの形態でエネルギー貯蔵設備6hに貯蔵させるようになっている。
【0056】
また、図4(c)に示すように電力需要がYb%過剰のとき、つまり電力供給不足がYb%あるときは、エネルギー貯蔵設備6hに貯蔵されている各種のエネルギーを配管を介して分散型電源4の固有の特性に適合した形態でそれぞれ供給し、その水素エネルギーの供給量を増すことにより分散型電源4の総発電電力量を増大させるようになっている。
【0057】
このような各分散型電源4の運用を含めた制御方式は例えば次のようにして行なわれる。
【0058】
(1)分散型電源4が熱電併給が可能な電源で、かつ熱電比率が可変なシステムである場合、例えばマイクロガスタービン発電装置4b等については、その発電電力量を減少させる場合は、熱電比率の設定を、熱の出力比率が高まるように変更して、熱利用または蓄熱槽等に熱の形でエネルギー貯蔵設備6hに貯蔵する。
【0059】
(2)燃料電池4cについては、余剰電力となる場合は、その余剰電力の一部を一旦エネルギー貯蔵設備6bの充電装置に充電しておき、さらに、その充電した電力を使って発電作用の逆反応、すなわち、水の電気分解により水素を発生させて水素の形でエネルギー貯蔵設備6hの水素タンクに貯蔵する。一方、電力の入要時に、この水素タンクの水素を配管を介して燃料電池4cに供給して発電用に利用する。
【0060】
(3)マイクロ/小水力発電装置4fは揚水式とし、余剰電力の場合はその余剰電力により揚水ポンプを駆動して発電時に使用した落水を上流の水源に揚水し、電力の入要時に、この上流水源を発電用に利用する。
【0061】
したがって、この電力需要供給制御システム6によれば、電気事業者2a〜2nから購入された電力量とコミュニティC内の分散型電源4からの総発電電力量とが電力需給制御装置6dにより複数の電力需要家3a〜3nに各需要に応じて配分されるが、その配分の際に電力総需要量と総供給量とに差があるときは、その差を解消するように分散型電源4の運転が分散型電源監視制御装置6gにより制御される。
【0062】
すなわち、コミュニティC内の複数の需要家3a〜3nの電力需給を、コミュニティC全体として行ない、個々の需要家3a〜3nと個々の電気事業者2a〜2nとの間で個別には行なわないので、電力需給のバランスが取り易くなり、電力系統1の安定性を向上させることができる。
【0063】
また、電気事業者2a〜2nからの割高な購入電力量のみならず、分散型電源4の割安な発電電力量も需要家3a〜3nに供給するので、全体のコスト低減を図ることができる。
【0064】
さらに、コミュニティC内の電力総需要量と総供給量とに差があるときは、分散型電源4の運転を分散型電源監視制御装置6gにより制御することにより、その差を解消するので、分散型電源4の発電量を有効に活用することができ、その発電力を捨てないので、コスト低減を図ることができる。
【0065】
さらに、コミュニティC内全体が電力供給過剰であるときは、その余剰電力を、電力と電力以外の例えば熱エネルギー等の形態により例えば蓄熱槽等によっても貯蔵するので、図示しない充電装置の小型化を図ることができるうえに、分散型電源4の固有の特性に適合したエネルギーの形態で貯蔵できるので、そのエネルギー貯蔵効率の向上を図ることができる。
【0066】
また、コミュニティC内全体が電力供給不足であるときには、その電力不足を補償させるように分散型電源監視制御装置6gにより分散型電源4の割安な発電電力量のみを増大させて、電気事業者2a〜2nからの割高な購入電力量を増大させないので、コスト低減を図ることができる。
【0067】
さらに、電気事業者2a〜2nからの割高な購入電力量を例えば必要最小限の電力量で一定させ、残余は分散型電源4の割安な発電電力量により賄うので、コスト低減を図ることかできる。
【0068】
また、分散型電源監視制御装置6gにより分散型電源4に固有の特性に適合した運転方法により、その運転を制御するので、その運転効率を向上させることができる。
【0069】
さらに、例えばマイクロガスタービン発電装置4bのように分散型電源4が熱電併給可能かつ熱電比率が可変である場合には、その熱電出力比率を変更することにより、容易に発電量と熱出力を制御することができる。
【0070】
また、分散型電源監視制御装置6gと各分散型電源4とは、これらの通信手段によりリアルタイムの運転データと制御信号を授受するので、分散型電源監視制御装置6gにより各分散型電源4の運転をリアルタイムで遠隔制御することができる。
【0071】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように本発明は、所定地域内の複数の需要家の電力需給を、所定地域(コミュニティ)全体として行ない、個々の需要家と電気事業者との間で個別には行なわないので、電力需給のバランスが取り易くなり、電力系統の安定性を向上させることができる。
【0072】
また、電気事業者からの割高な購入電力量のみならず、分散型電源の割安な発電電力も需要家に供給するので、コスト低減を図ることができる。
【0073】
さらに、コミュニティ内の電力総需要量と総供給量とに差があるときは、分散型電源の発電力を有効に活用することができ、その発電力を捨てないので、コスト低減を図ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施形態に係る電力需要供給制御システムを含む電力系統のブロック図。
【図2】図1で示す電力需要供給制御システムの分散型電源監視制御装置と各種分散型電源との通信系による接続関係を主に示すブロック図。
【図3】図1で示す電力需要供給制御システムの構成を示すブロック図。
【図4】(a)〜(c)は図1で示すコミュニティ内の電力需要のバランスをそれぞれ示す概念図。
【符号の説明】
1 電力系統
2a〜2n 電気事業者
3a〜3n 需要家
4 分散型電源
6 電力需要供給制御システム
6a 需要家連絡装置
6c 契約電力量収集装置
6d 電力需給制御装置
6e 電力売買装置
6g 分散型電源監視制御装置
6h エネルギー貯蔵装置
7 需要家側通信系
8 電気事業者側通信系[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to power supplied from an electric power company such as a power generation or power sales business other than a community that is a predetermined area, and generated power of a distributed power source in the community, to a plurality of power consumers in the community. In particular, the power demand and supply control system is provided with an energy storage facility for storing the surplus power in the entire community mainly in various forms other than power, for example, thermal energy. About the system.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as an example of this type of power supply control system, there is a power supply control device described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-308771.
[0003]
This power supply control device distributes electric power supplied from an electric power company such as a power generation or power sales business operator by collectively controlling it to a plurality of electric power consumers (hereinafter simply referred to as “customers”) in a predetermined community. In the distribution, when there is a difference between the power consumption of the entire consumer assumed in advance and the actual power consumption, the power is supplied by compensating for the difference. Moreover, when the power supply amount actually supplied to each consumer violates the power purchase contract condition, the power consumption of the consumer is reduced.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in such a conventional power supply control device, the end consumer is a mere power consumer and includes a small-scale distributed power source such as a micro gas turbine power generation device, a solar power generation device, a wind power generation device, or a fuel cell. It is not envisioned that power will be supplied to new customers.
[0005]
For this reason, in the case of a consumer with a distributed power source, if surplus power is generated that has a larger amount of power generation than the amount of self-consumed power, the consumer will receive the surplus power from the electric utility. Can't be sold, and will curb power generation or throw away power. This is similar to, for example, discarding the fuel for power generation, which causes a major problem in that it causes economic loss to consumers and wastes earth resources.
[0006]
And in recent years, the liberalization of power trading has been promoted to expand from large capacity or extra high voltage to small capacity, high and low voltage levels. When entering the sales of electric power, there is a problem that it is difficult to achieve a comprehensive balance between the electric power supply side and the demand side because of the collection of small-scale power sources, and the electric power system tends to become unstable.
[0007]
Therefore, when selling power with a small-scale distributed power source, if the seller and buyer make a contract within an area that is close to a certain extent as an area for power trading, individual power suppliers and consumers can directly buy and sell individually. A method may be considered in which a third party organization, for example, a local power community organization, is intervened in order to balance the supply and demand of electric power in a certain region without making a contract.
[0008]
In this case, such a community power community organization can supply the local power at a low price while the various distributed power sources of the consumers who are members of the community make maximum use of the various advantages of the distributed power source. However, the community organization has jurisdiction over the demand that cannot be covered by the power generation capacity of the distributed power source with expensive power purchases from other power distributors (for example, electric power companies such as electric power companies). This will balance the supply and demand of the entire power system. In this case, since the amount of power purchased from outside the community is expensive, it is more cost-effective to make a contract with a minimum amount of constant power.
[0009]
On the other hand, small-scale distributed power sources have many different power generation methods and operating characteristics, so they balance well the sum of the individual power supplies of these small-scale distributed power sources and the demands of consumers who are members of community organizations. Therefore, a system for controlling the overall supply and demand balance is required.
[0010]
The present invention has been made in consideration of such circumstances, and its purpose is to distribute power to a plurality of power consumers including a power consumer having a distributed power source in a predetermined area (community) and to Another object is to provide a power demand and supply control system that can perform power supply and demand in the middle at low cost and can stabilize the power system.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention according to claim 1 is provided in any one of a power trading apparatus for determining purchase of a predetermined amount of power from outside a predetermined area and a plurality of power consumers having different types of distributed power sources in the predetermined area. An energy storage facility for storing energy that is input to or output from the distributed power source, and an operation method that adapts the operation of each of the distributed power sources to characteristics unique to each different type of distributed power source. , Decentralized type that monitors and controls its operation Power supply According to each electric power demand of the electric power consumer in the predetermined area, the monitoring control apparatus, the predetermined electric energy purchased by the power trading apparatus and the total electric power generated from the distributed power source in the entire predetermined area If there is a difference between the total power demand and the total supply during the distribution, the operation of the distributed power supply is controlled via the distributed power supply monitoring and control device so as to eliminate the difference. A power supply and demand control device that controls and adjusts the power supply and demand. The power supply and demand control device controls the operation of at least one distributed power source when the entire region is overpowered. The output from the distributed power source is controlled so as to be output in the form of energy other than electric power, and the energy is stored in the energy storage facility. Overall power supply When the power supply is insufficient, the operation of the distributed power supply is controlled by the distributed power supply monitoring and control device so as to increase the amount of generated power of the distributed power supply to compensate for the shortage of power supply. This is an electric power supply and demand control system.
[0012]
According to the present invention, the amount of electric power purchased from an electric power company and the amount of electric power generated from a distributed power source in a predetermined area (community) are converted into a plurality of electric power consumers (hereinafter simply referred to as “customers”) by the electric power supply and demand control device. ) Is distributed according to each demand, and when there is a difference between the total power demand and the total supply, the distributed power supply controller is operated by the distributed power supply controller to eliminate the difference. Be controlled.
[0013]
In other words, power supply and demand of a plurality of consumers in a predetermined area is performed as a whole in the predetermined area (community), and is not performed individually between each consumer and the electric utility, so that it is easy to balance power supply and demand. Thus, the stability of the power system can be improved.
[0014]
Further, not only expensive purchase power from electric power suppliers but also cheap generation power of distributed power sources is supplied to consumers, so that the cost can be reduced.
[0015]
Furthermore, when there is a difference between the total power demand and the total supply in the community, the power generated by the distributed power source can be used effectively, and the generated power is not discarded. it can.
[0017]
According to the present invention, when the entire community is overpowered, the operation of at least one distributed power source is output in various forms such as heat energy other than power. The energy is stored in an energy storage facility such as a heat storage tank, for example, so that it is possible to reduce the size of the charging device that is charged with the power output from the distributed power source. Since it can be stored in the form of energy suitable for the specific characteristics of the power source, the energy storage efficiency can be improved.
[0019]
Also, When the entire community is short of power supply, only the cheaper generated power of distributed power sources is increased so as to compensate for the power shortage, and the expensive purchased power from electric utilities is not increased. Reduction can be achieved.
[0023]
further, Since the distributed power supply is controlled by the distributed power supply control device by an operation method suitable for the characteristic specific to the power supply, the operation efficiency can be improved.
[0024]
The invention of claim 2 provides the power supply and demand. control When the power supply is excessive in the entire predetermined area, the distributed power supply monitoring and control device is configured so that the heat output ratio is increased so that the heat power ratio is set for the distributed power supply capable of cogeneration and variable thermoelectric ratio. The electric power supply and supply control system according to claim 1, wherein the electric power supply control system is configured to change the thermal energy and store the thermal energy as thermal energy in the energy storage facility.
[0025]
According to the present invention, when the distributed power source can be combined with heat and power and the thermoelectric ratio is variable, for example, as in a micro gas turbine power generator, the thermoelectric ratio can be easily changed by increasing the heat output ratio. It is possible to control the ratio between the amount of power generation and the heat output.
[0026]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In these drawings, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals.
[0027]
FIG. 1 shows power according to the first embodiment of the present invention. demand 1 is a block diagram of a power system 1 provided with a supply control system 6. FIG. In this power system 1, for example, a plurality of electric power companies 2a,..., 2n such as a power company supply power to a plurality of consumers (power consumers) 3a, 3b,. The power generated by the small-scale distributed power sources 4, 4... Provided in any one of 3 to 3n is distributed to the consumers 3a to 3n, and the surplus power is sold and supplied to the electric power companies 2a to 2n. Power demand and supply control in the middle of the power transmission and distribution system 5 system 6 is interposed.
[0028]
The consumers 3a to 3n include a small consumer with a relatively small amount of power consumption such as an individual to a large consumer with a relatively large amount of power consumption in some business such as a manufacturing industry. Some of 3a to 3n have a small-scale distributed power source 4 for private consumption or power sale. As the small-scale distributed power source 4, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, a diesel power generator 4a, a micro gas turbine power generator 4b, a fuel cell 4c, a solar power generator 4d, a wind power generator 4e, a micro hydro power generator 4f, etc. Each of these distributed power sources 4 is connected to a power supply control system 6 via a wired or wireless customer side communication system 7 indicated by a broken line in FIG. The power supply control system 6 is configured to read information relating to power generation, such as the power generation capacity, power generation amount, and operating state of the power source 4 as necessary.
[0029]
In addition, the power supply control system 6 is configured to be capable of bidirectional communication with each of the electric power companies 2a to 2n via a wired or wireless electric power company side communication system 8 indicated by a broken line in FIG. Information necessary for purchasing a required amount of power from 2a to 2n in a collective manner on behalf of each consumer 3a to 3n or selling surplus power can be received.
[0030]
Each of the communication systems 7 and 8 includes a general telephone line or an ISDN line, the Internet, a dedicated line, a wireless line, and the like.
[0031]
And as shown in FIG. demand The supply control system 6 includes a customer communication device 6a that is connected to each of the customers 3a to 3n via the customer side communication system 7 so as to be capable of two-way communication, and each customer 3a is connected to the customer communication device 6a. ˜3n, the contract power amount collecting device 6c, the power supply and demand control device 6d, the power trading device 6e, and the traded power amount table 6f that collect the data of each contract power amount and register the collected contract power amount in the contract table 6b, Distributed power supply monitoring and control device 6g for controlling the operation of each distributed power supply 4 according to its unique characteristics, energy for storing various energy such as electric power output from each distributed power supply 4 or thermal energy other than electric power A storage device 6h is provided, and these devices 6a to 6h are connected by a LAN or an in-device communication path (bus).
[0032]
In the trading power amount table 6f, each data of power consumption per unit time of each customer 3a to 3n and each customer 3a to 3n provided with the distributed power source 4 per unit time of the whole year. Each data of power generation amount, group data grouping a plurality of consumers 3a to 3n in the community C in a predetermined area regardless of whether or not the distributed power source 4 is provided, and per unit time of the year The amount of power for purchasing (purchasing) the power from the electric power companies 2a to 2n, one of the purchasing electric power companies 2a to 2n, or the surplus power of the entire community C on the contrary, from the electric power companies 2a to 2n Electricity sold to 2n (power sale), data of the electric power companies 2a to 2n to which the sale is made, electric power trading result data in the past year, and the like are recorded.
[0033]
The customer contact device 6a mainly has the following functions.
[0034]
(1) Contract power non-reception notification function
This is because when any of the required consumers 3a to 3n whose contracted power is not received from the power supply and demand control device 6d and the contents thereof are instructed, the corresponding consumer 3a according to a predetermined format accordingly. This is a function for sending a notification prompting registration of the contract power amount to any of .about.3n.
[0035]
(2) Supply power amount notification function
This is because when the supply power amount scheduled in DA and HA, which will be described later, is instructed from the demand supply control device 6d, the supply power amount is determined according to the format determined in advance according to the excess or deficiency. This is a function to notify ~ 3n.
[0036]
(3) Supply power amount restriction request function
This is the case according to a format predetermined according to the reason when there is a difference between the contracted power amount and the supplied power amount from the demand supply control device 6d and it is instructed that it cannot be adjusted. This is a function of notifying one of the consumers 3a to 3n that the usage amount is changed or that the usage method is restricted.
[0037]
(4) Answer function
This is because, when the system administrator processes various information stored in the customer information table, when a reply to each of the consumers 3a to 3n is necessary, the customer contact device 6a directly from the system administrator. The contents are instructed and a response is made to the corresponding consumers 3a to 3n.
[0038]
In addition, the contract power amount collection device 6c is configured to provide a time t on the day before the actual power supply date to each of the consumers 3a to 3n. 1 A certain time t earlier than the predetermined time 0 , The contract electric energy data of the next day from the consumers 3a to 3n is confirmed. 1 And t 0 Varies depending on the form of the electricity trading market, but for example, at time t 1 = 18:00, time t 0 = 17:00.
[0039]
In addition, the contract energy collection device 6c stores customer information including requests and questions sent in real time from each customer 3a to 3n using communication means in a customer information table (not shown), Notify the system administrator. The system administrator who has received the notification has a function of appropriately performing processing and contacting each of the customers 3a to 3n via the customer communication device 6a if necessary.
[0040]
Examples of the energy storage facility 6h include a charging device that stores electric power, a hydrogen tank that stores hydrogen, a heat storage tank and a water tank heat tank that store water vapor, hot water, and the like.
[0041]
That is, the energy storage device 6h, when surplus occurs in the power supply in the entire community C, charges the charging device without buying or selling the surplus power to the electric power companies 2a to 2n, or various other than electric energy. Storage means for storing the energy in the form of energy. For example, when the distributed power source 4 is a fuel cell 4c and surplus power is generated in the entire community C, a part of the generated power amount of the fuel cell 4c is temporarily charged in the charging device in the form of electric energy. When it is stored or hydrogen is generated by electrolysis of water that is the reverse of power generation by using a part of the surplus power, and the hydrogen is filled in a hydrogen tank for storage, while the entire community C is short of power supply In addition, the amount of generated power is increased by supplying hydrogen from the hydrogen tank to the fuel cell 4c to increase the amount of hydrogen supplied.
[0042]
In addition, the refrigerator is driven by a part of the surplus electric power to produce cold water or ice, and the ice or the like is stored by an ice heat storage device, and the cold water is replaced with at least part of the electric power driven by the air conditioner and the consumers 3a to 3n. May be supplied. Therefore, the energy storage device 6h includes piping that supplies or returns the various energy to the consumers 3a to 3n. Or you may drive an electric water heater with surplus electric power, for example, make warm water, and supply this warm water to consumers 3a-3n via piping.
[0043]
Furthermore, when thermoelectric power supply is possible and the thermoelectric conversion ratio can be changed as in the micro gas turbine power generation device 4a, the amount of generated power can be controlled by changing the thermoelectric conversion ratio.
[0044]
The power supply and demand control device 6d has the following real-time control function, DA scheduling function, and HA scheduling function.
[0045]
(1) Real-time control function up to the previous day
This is, for example, the predetermined registration reception last time t of the previous day of the actual power supply date 0 This is a function of instructing the customer communication device 6a to immediately send a warning to the customer when a notification that the contract power amount has not been received is received from the contract power collection device 6c.
[0046]
(2) DA (Day-Ahead) scheduling function
This is a certain time t the day before the actual power supply date 1 Then, the power contract amount requested by each of the consumers 3a to 3n is acquired from the trading power amount table 6h, while there is no demand for the next day for the consumers 3a to 3n whose contract power data is not registered. As a thing, it is a function to put zero. Registration last time t 0 Is different depending on the form of the electricity trading market. 0 = 18:00. Next, the power purchase record data in a certain period is read from the traded electric energy table 6f, and the parameters at the time of acquisition are the electric energy to be purchased and the price per unit time.
[0047]
Further, the power demand control device 6d determines an optimal power supply schedule so that the objective function of the following formula (1) is minimized. A typical example of the objective function is, for example, total cost minimization. For example, when midnight power is much cheaper than daytime and the cost is lower than purchasing in the daytime, a schedule of power purchase amount that increases the purchase amount at midnight compared to the demand power amount of consumers 3a-3n decide.
[0048]
[Expression 1]
Figure 0004187907
[0049]
After each of the purchase schedules determined in this way is stored in the buying and selling power amount table 6f, the power buying and selling device 6e is instructed to purchase power of a certain minimum amount of power. After an answer is received from the power trading device 6e, the purchase result is read from the trading power amount table 6f, and after confirmation, the customer communication device 6a is informed of the purchase schedule and recorded.
[0050]
(3) HA (Hour-Ahead) scheduling function
This function is used for a predetermined time t after the actual power supply date. 2 Every predetermined time t 3 The previous contract amount of power requested by each of the customers 3a to 3n is read from the power contract table 6b, and the customer whose contract amount data is not registered is assumed to have no demand for that time. Insert zeros. Above time t 2 And t 3 Is different depending on the form of the electricity trading market, for example t 2 = T 3 If = 1 hour, the contract amount data for one hour ahead is read out every hour of the actual power supply date.
[0051]
Next, it is confirmed whether or not there is a difference between the power supply amount set on the previous day and the power demand amount currently predicted. Even if this difference is recognized, when adjustment is possible among the plurality of consumers 3a to 3n in the entire community C in the predetermined area, it is possible to respond by contacting the customer communication device 6a with the adjustment result.
[0052]
And when the electric power demand exceeds the electric power supply amount and the electric power of the consumers 3a-3b in the whole community C is insufficient, as shown above, as shown in FIG. Control driving.
[0053]
When purchasing power, the power trading apparatus 6e is instructed to purchase power. On the other hand, when the adjustment of the power supply and demand is completed, the customer communication device 6a is notified of the result. In addition, when the case where the power demand exceeds the power supply cannot be adjusted, the customer 3a-3n is immediately notified of the result, and the optimum method regarding the quality and cost of the power is selected, and the power The demand amount itself of each consumer 3a-3n is adjusted so that the supply amount and demand amount of can be balanced.
[0054]
4 (a) to 4 (c) show a balance configuration of the electric power demand in the community C, and this demand balance is basically the electric business outside the community C as shown in FIG. 4 (a). Power consumption X purchased from the users 2a to 2n and the total amount of generated power Y of the distributed power source 4 in the community C (X + Y = 100%), and a relatively expensive purchased power amount X is required. Costs are reduced by making the minimum predetermined amount almost constant, and for fluctuations in demand in the entire community C, the operation of the distributed power supply 4 in the community C is controlled by the distributed power supply monitoring control device 6g. Thus, adjustment is made by controlling the total amount of generated power Y.
[0055]
For example, as shown in FIG. 4 (b), when the power demand is Yb% short of the forecast (X + Ya + Yb = 100%), that is, when the surplus power is Yb%, the total power generation of the distributed power source 4 in the community C The electric energy is reduced to Ya% obtained by subtracting Yb% from Y%, and the reduced electric energy equivalent to Yb% is stored in the energy storage facility 6h in the form of energy suitable for the unique characteristics of each distributed power source 4. It is supposed to let you.
[0056]
Also, as shown in FIG. 4 (c), when the electric power demand is excessive by Yb%, that is, when the electric power supply is insufficient by Yb%, various types of energy stored in the energy storage facility 6h are distributed via the pipes. The total power generation amount of the distributed power source 4 is increased by supplying each of the power sources 4 in a form adapted to the specific characteristics of the power source 4 and increasing the supply amount of the hydrogen energy.
[0057]
Such a control system including the operation of each distributed power supply 4 is performed as follows, for example.
[0058]
(1) When the distributed power source 4 is a power source capable of cogeneration and the system has a variable thermoelectric ratio, for example, for the micro gas turbine power generation device 4b, the thermoelectric ratio is to be reduced. The heat output ratio is changed so that the heat output ratio is increased, and the heat storage or the heat storage tank or the like is stored in the energy storage facility 6h in the form of heat.
[0059]
(2) For the fuel cell 4c, when surplus power is generated, a part of the surplus power is once charged in the charging device of the energy storage facility 6b, and further, the reverse of the power generation operation is performed using the charged power. Hydrogen is generated by reaction, that is, electrolysis of water, and stored in a hydrogen tank of the energy storage facility 6h in the form of hydrogen. On the other hand, when electric power is required, the hydrogen in the hydrogen tank is supplied to the fuel cell 4c via a pipe and used for power generation.
[0060]
(3) The micro / small hydroelectric generator 4f is of the pumping type. In the case of surplus power, the surplus power drives the pump to pump up the fallen water used during power generation to the upstream water source. Use upstream water sources for power generation.
[0061]
Therefore, according to this power demand and supply control system 6, the amount of power purchased from the electric power companies 2a to 2n and the total amount of generated power from the distributed power source 4 in the community C are divided into a plurality by the power supply and demand control device 6d. Although distributed to the electric power consumers 3a to 3n according to each demand, when there is a difference between the total electric power demand and the total supply at the time of the allocation, the distributed power source 4 is set so as to eliminate the difference. The operation is controlled by the distributed power supply monitoring control device 6g.
[0062]
That is, since the electric power supply and demand of the plurality of consumers 3a to 3n in the community C is performed as the entire community C, it is not performed individually between the individual consumers 3a to 3n and the individual electric power companies 2a to 2n. Thus, it becomes easy to balance the power supply and demand, and the stability of the power system 1 can be improved.
[0063]
Moreover, since not only the expensive purchased electric energy from the electric power companies 2a to 2n but also the cheap generated electric energy of the distributed power source 4 is supplied to the consumers 3a to 3n, the overall cost can be reduced.
[0064]
Further, when there is a difference between the total power demand and the total supply in the community C, the difference is eliminated by controlling the operation of the distributed power supply 4 by the distributed power supply monitoring control device 6g. The power generation amount of the mold power source 4 can be used effectively, and the generated power is not discarded, so that the cost can be reduced.
[0065]
Furthermore, when the entire community C is overpowered, the surplus power is stored in a form such as thermal energy other than power and power, for example, in a heat storage tank, etc. In addition, the energy storage efficiency can be improved because the energy can be stored in the form of energy suitable for the specific characteristics of the distributed power source 4.
[0066]
Further, when the entire community C is short of power supply, the distributed power supply monitoring and control device 6g increases only the cheap generated power of the distributed power supply 4 so as to compensate for the power shortage. Since the expensive purchased power amount from ˜2n is not increased, the cost can be reduced.
[0067]
Further, since the expensive purchased power from the electric power companies 2a to 2n is made constant, for example, with the minimum necessary power, and the remainder is covered by the cheap generated power of the distributed power source 4, the cost can be reduced. .
[0068]
In addition, since the operation is controlled by the operation method suitable for the characteristic unique to the distributed power supply 4 by the distributed power supply monitoring control device 6g, the operation efficiency can be improved.
[0069]
Further, for example, when the distributed power source 4 can be supplied with thermoelectric power and the thermoelectric ratio is variable like the micro gas turbine power generation device 4b, the power generation amount and the heat output can be easily controlled by changing the thermoelectric output ratio. can do.
[0070]
In addition, since the distributed power supply monitoring control device 6g and each distributed power supply 4 exchange real-time operation data and control signals through these communication means, the operation of each distributed power supply 4 is performed by the distributed power supply monitoring control device 6g. Can be remotely controlled in real time.
[0071]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention performs power supply and demand of a plurality of consumers in a predetermined area as a whole in a predetermined area (community), and is not performed individually between each consumer and an electric utility. It becomes easy to balance power supply and demand, and the stability of the power system can be improved.
[0072]
Further, not only expensive purchase power from electric power suppliers but also cheap generation power of distributed power sources is supplied to consumers, so that the cost can be reduced.
[0073]
Furthermore, when there is a difference between the total power demand and the total supply in the community, the power generated by the distributed power source can be used effectively, and the generated power is not discarded. it can.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a power system including a power demand supply control system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a block diagram mainly showing a connection relationship between a distributed power source monitoring control device of the power demand supply control system shown in FIG. 1 and various distributed power sources through a communication system. FIG.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the power demand supply control system shown in FIG. 1;
FIGS. 4A to 4C are conceptual diagrams showing the balance of power demand in the community shown in FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Power system
2a ~ 2n Electricity supplier
3a-3n consumers
4 Distributed power supply
6 Electricity demand and supply control system
6a Customer communication device
6c Contracted energy collection device
6d Electricity supply and demand control device
6e Electricity trading equipment
6g Distributed power monitoring and control device
6h Energy storage device
7 Communication system on the customer side
8 Electricity company communication system

Claims (2)

所定地域外から所定の電力量の購入を決定する電力売買装置と、
前記所定地域内の各々異なる種類の分散型電源を有する複数の電力需要家のいずれかに具備されている前記分散型電源に入力され、または出力されるエネルギーを貯蔵するエネルギー貯蔵設備と、
前記各分散型電源の運転をそれぞれの異なる種類の分散型電源に固有の特性に適合した運転方法により、その運転をそれぞれ監視制御する分散型電源監視制御装置と、
前記電力売買装置により購入された所定の電力量と前記所定地域内全体の分散型電源からの総発電電力量とを前記所定地域内の電力需要家に各々の電力需要に応じて配分し、その配分の際に、電力総需要量と総供給量とに差があるときは、その差を解消するように前記分散型電源の運転を前記分散型電源監視制御装置を介して制御して電力の需給を調整する電力需給制御装置とを具備し、
前記電力需給制御装置は、所定地域内全体が電力供給過剰であるときに、少なくとも1台の分散型電源の運転を、この分散型電源からの出力が電力以外のエネルギーの形態で出力されるように制御し、そのエネルギーをエネルギー貯蔵設備に貯蔵させるように構成されており、
さらに、前記電力需給制御装置は、所定地域内全体が電力供給不足であるときに、その電力供給不足を補償するために前記分散型電源の発電電力量を増大させるように、この分散型電源の運転を前記分散型電源監視制御装置により制御させるように構成されていることを特徴とする電力需要供給制御システム。
A power trading device that determines the purchase of a predetermined amount of power from outside a predetermined area;
An energy storage facility for storing energy input to or output from the distributed power source provided in any of a plurality of power consumers having different types of distributed power sources in the predetermined area;
A distributed power supply monitoring and control device for monitoring and controlling the operation of each distributed power supply by an operation method adapted to characteristics unique to each different type of distributed power supply; and
Distributing the predetermined amount of power purchased by the power trading device and the total amount of generated power from the distributed power source in the entire predetermined area to the electric power consumers in the predetermined area according to each electric power demand, When there is a difference between the total power demand and the total supply during distribution, the operation of the distributed power supply is controlled via the distributed power supply monitoring and control device so as to eliminate the difference. A power supply and demand control device that adjusts the supply and demand,
The power supply and demand control device operates at least one distributed power source when the entire region is overpowered so that the output from the distributed power source is output in the form of energy other than power. And is configured to store the energy in an energy storage facility,
Further, the power supply and demand control device is configured to increase the amount of generated power of the distributed power source so as to compensate for the power supply shortage when the entire predetermined area is under power supply. An electric power demand and supply control system configured to control operation by the distributed power supply monitoring and control device.
前記電力需給制御装置は、所定地域内全体が電力供給過剰であるときに、熱電併給可能かつ熱電比率が可変の分散型電源の当該熱電比率の設定を熱出力比率が高まるように前記分散型電源監視制御装置により変更し、その熱エネルギーを前記エネルギー貯蔵設備に熱エネルギーとして貯蔵させるように構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載の電力需要供給制御システム。The power supply / demand control device is configured to increase the heat output ratio of the distributed power supply that is capable of cogeneration and has a variable thermoelectric ratio when the power supply is excessive in the entire area. The power demand and supply control system according to claim 1, wherein the power demand supply control system is configured to be changed by a monitoring control device and to store the thermal energy as thermal energy in the energy storage facility.
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