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JP4191194B2 - 足関節エンドプロテーゼ - Google Patents
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JP4191194B2 - 足関節エンドプロテーゼ - Google Patents

足関節エンドプロテーゼ Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4191194B2
JP4191194B2 JP2005509133A JP2005509133A JP4191194B2 JP 4191194 B2 JP4191194 B2 JP 4191194B2 JP 2005509133 A JP2005509133 A JP 2005509133A JP 2005509133 A JP2005509133 A JP 2005509133A JP 4191194 B2 JP4191194 B2 JP 4191194B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
intermediate part
wedge
sliding surfaces
normal
interacting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP2005509133A
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English (en)
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JP2007534342A (ja
Inventor
ハーコン・コフェズ
アルノルト・ケラー
ヘルムート・デー・リンク
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Waldemar Link GmbH and Co KG
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Waldemar Link GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of JP2007534342A publication Critical patent/JP2007534342A/ja
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Publication of JP4191194B2 publication Critical patent/JP4191194B2/ja
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Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Description

足関節(ankle joint)を置き換えるため、距骨(ankle bone)に接合される構成部品と、脛骨(shin bone)に接合される構成部品と、中間部品とを備えるエンドプロテーゼ(endoprosthesis)が知られている(ドイツ実用新案公報DE−U−8812806号、「LINK S.T.A.R. Totale Sprunggelenk−prothese[H.Kofoed]」、ヴァルデマール・リンク社(Waldemar Link GmbH&Co)、ハンブルク)。
距骨の構成部品および中間部品は、サジタル面での屈曲および伸展を許容するスライド面を介して相互作用する。脛骨の構成部品および中間部品は、垂直軸周りの回転を許容する相互作用スライド面を形成する。これらは、AP方向およびLM方向での運動補償を可能にするため、平面設計のものとすることができる。安定化は、生来の靱帯(ligament)機構によって提供される。
知られたプロテーゼにおいて、関節の人工置換が方向での変化が生ずることを意図していないため、中間部品の上スライド面および下スライド面は、前部平面において互いに平行に配向している。しかしながら、手術後、関節の側副および内側靱帯がしばしば異なる緊張を持つことが判明した。これは問題を引き起こす。これは、生体組織の不規則性に起因したり、あるいはプロテーゼとの接合のために、執刀外科医が、脛骨に設けられた切除面について不具合のある向きを選択したことに起因しているかもしれい。
本発明の目的は、一方では、解剖学上または手術上の環境と、他方では、プロテーゼとの間の不均衡を回避したり、緩和することである。
本発明に係る解法は、請求項1および請求項の特徴にある。従って、中間部品及び/又は脛骨の構成部品がくさび形状の設計である。通常のプロテーゼを使用して、執刀外科医が、靱帯の緊張が異なっていることを見つけた場合、前部平面(frontal plane)においてくさび形状を持つ矯正部品を使用することによって、これを補償することができる。くさび形状の矯正プレートのより厚い側は、通常のプロテーゼを使用した場合に靱帯の緊張が不十分になるであろう側に配置される。執刀外科医が、脛骨の切除面が脛骨方向に対して垂直でないことを見つけたり、あるいは別の理由により、プロテーゼ平面が脛骨軸に関して垂直に延びていないことを望んだ場合、くさび形状がサジタル面にあるような矯正部品を使用することができる。執刀外科医が、上側部品のより低いスライド面が、脛骨方向または負荷の方向に関して所定の向きを持つことを望んだ場合、一般に、矯正部品として設計された脛骨の構成部品を使用することになる。これに対して、脛骨の切除面の向きが正しく、その目的が足の解剖学を考慮することである場合、矯正部品として設計された中間部品をむしろ選ぶことになる。
本特許は、前部平面での中間部品のくさび形状設計に関するものでない。なぜなら、これは、先願であって先行技術でない公開特許出願PCT/EP02/02573の主題だからである。
上側部品がくさび形状であることを決定するのは、実際、何ら困難さを生じさせない。なぜなら、その上側接合面および下スライド面の両方が、平面または実質的に平面であるからである。通常の中間部品との比較は、サジタル面での中間部品のいずれかのくさび形状を決定する際に決定的なものとなる。さらに、実質的に平面である中間部品の上スライド面の方向だけでなく、下スライド面の全体的な向きを決定することは簡単である。中間部品が、通常の中間部品と比べて前方または後方でより厚い場合、本発明の意味の範囲で、サジタル面においてくさび形状である。
サジタル面でのくさび形状は、本発明の内容において、前部平面でのくさび形状と組み合わせることができる。しかしながら、くさび形状は、サジタル面または前部平面において存在してもよく、前部平面またはサジタル面でのくさび形状なしでも構わない。
くさび角度は、1°〜16°の間が好都合であり、好ましくは3°〜8°の間である。
中間部品のくさび形状の向きが、垂直軸周りの中間部品の回転によって変わらないことを確保するため、その向きは、距骨または脛骨により、ある方向を規定するようにして(例えば、円柱面のように)設計された相互作用する一対のスライド面によって強制的に固定されるのが好都合である。距骨と中間部品との間の関節は、この目的にとって特に適切である。
執刀外科医が別々のくさび角度を選択できることを確保するため、各プロテーゼについて幾つかの異なる矯正部品へのアクセスを有する必要がある。これに関連したコストを低減するため、矯正部品をできる限り簡単に設計することが好都合である。よって、変化しない標準部品とくさび部品とで作製することが好都合になる。標準部品は、ただ1つの構成で提供される。くさび部品だけが、別々の変形で提供する必要がある。これは、特に、上側部品が矯正部品として使用され、標準部品は、脛骨に取り付けるのに必要な手段を形成する場合に当てはまる。
以下、好都合な例示的実施形態を描いた図面を参照して、本発明をより詳細に説明する。
上側部品3と、下側部品4と、中間部品5とを備えるプロテーゼは、脛骨1と距骨2の間に配置される。上側部品3は板状の部品6を有し、その底面7が平面状のスライド面を形成する。突起8が、脛骨1での対応した切除凹み9に取り付けするために用いられる。
下側部品4は、凸状にカーブしたスライド面10を形成し、これは円柱状または円錐状に設計可能である。これは、屈曲および伸展の運動中に中間部品の相対運動の方向に向いたリブ11を有する。下側部品は、さらに、脛骨1および腓骨(calf bone)13の対応したスライド面と相互作用するための側面12を有する。
中間部品5は、スライド面7と適合する平面状の上面15と、下側部品4のスライド面10を補完するように設計された下スライド面16を有する。それは、リブ11を受けるための溝17を含む。こうして中間部品5は、下側部品4に対して側面に沿って案内される。それは、屈曲および伸展の運動にのみ許容される。
上側部品3および下側部品4は金属製で、中間部品5は、スライドを促進するプラスチック製、例えば、ポリエチレンであることが好都合である。しかしながら、充分な強度と摺動性を持つ他の材料、例えば、セラミック等も使用できる。
スライド面10,16の補完的形状のため、溝17と相互作用するリブ11によって、中間部品5は、足関節部品4に対して垂直軸周りに回転しない。その向きは、下側部品の向きによって固定される。図示した実施形態は、下側部品と中間部品との間で垂直軸周りのこうした回転運動を完全に排除にする一方で、回転運動が所定の限界内で許容されたり、スライド面の設計によって単に抑制されたり、または排除されないという構成も想定できる。
図1〜図3を参照した上記説明は、通常の構成部品を用いた設計と矯正部品を用いた設計の両方に適用される。
図4〜図6は、矯正部品の例を示す。図4は、矯正部品として設計された上側部品3の正面図を示す。図面の左側に見えるエッジ20の近くでは、反対エッジより厚い。構成部品は、執刀外科医による選択に依存するが、肉厚側20が関節の側方または内側に存在するようにして、前部中心面(frontal midplane)に関して対称に設計される。
図5は、上側部品3を通るサジタル断面を示す。図面の左側に見える端部21で、くさび形状が厚くなっている。この構成部品の上面は、前部平面に関して対称である。従って、肉厚端部は、執刀外科医による選択に依存するが、関節の前方または後方に配置することができる。上側取り付け面23と下スライド面7の間のくさび角度22は、両方の例では大きさ5°のオーダーである。
図6は、矯正中間部品5を通るサジタル断面を示す。スライド面として設計されたその下面16は、全体として、上スライド面15近くのくさび角度19を図示するために描かれた補助線24に対してほぼ平行に延びる向きを有する。この場合、通常の中間部品での線24は、下面16の全体的な方向に対して平行に延びていることを前提としている。中間部品のくさび形状を決定する際の重要な要因は、常に、プロテーゼシステムの通常部品との比較である。
矯正は、それぞれの場合、1つだけの構成部品に制限する必要はない。代わりに、矯正部品は、上側部品および中間部品の両方について使用することができる。この可能性は、図1に示している。
執刀外科医が下側部品4を移植すると直ぐに、側副靱帯が緊張したとき、脛骨の切除面25が下側部品4に対して通常の延長を有するか否か、あるいは矯正が必要か否かを決定するために、適切な器具を使用することができる。後者の場合、執刀外科医は、矯正部品は上側部品または中間部品あるいはその両方について選択する必要があるかを決定し、個々のくさび形状をどのようにするか、そしてどの方向に並べるべきかを決定する。上側部品3が適合したとき、対応する測定も可能である。続いて、矯正部品を中間部品として使用すべきか否かを決定することが可能である。
図7は、標準部品25とくさび部品26とで作製された上側部品3の構成を示す。標準部品25は、取り付け部材8を形成しているため、くさび部品26は、くさび角度が変化している幾つかの例が使用可能であって、相応してより簡単なものとなる。2つの部品は、何れかの望ましい知られた手法により、相互に接合可能である。例えば、相互にねじ止めが可能である。これらに、相互に係合する補完的な凸部と凹部を設けることも可能であり、苦労しないで2つの部品を接合することができる。
プロテーゼを装着した関節を通るサジタル断面を示す。 プロテーゼを開放した状態を示す斜視図である。 中間部品を挿入する前に、移植した上側および下側プロテーゼ部品の配置の斜視図である。 上側矯正部品を通る前部断面を示す。 上側矯正部品を通るサジタル断面を示す。 矯正中間部品を通るサジタル断面を示す。 2つの部品で設計された上側矯正部品を示す。

Claims (6)

  1. 足関節を置き換えるためのエンドプロテーゼであって、
    距骨(2)に接合され、上スライド面(10)を形成している下側部品(4)と、
    下スライド面(7)を形成し、脛骨の切除面(25)に接合するための上側接合面(23)を有する上側部品(3)と、
    上側および下側部品(3,4)のスライド面(7,10)と相互作用する2つのスライド面(15,16)を有する中間部品とを備え、
    上側部品(3)が、その下スライド面(7)とその上側接合面(23)との間の前部断面及び/又サジタル断面において、くさび形状である、及び/又は、中間部品(5)が、そのスライド面(15,16)の間のサジタル断面において、くさび形状であることを特徴とするエンドプロテーゼ。
  2. 下側部品(4)および中間部品(5)において相互作用するスライド面(10,16)は、垂直軸に関して実質的に非回転で相互作用することを特徴とする請求項1記載のエンドプロテーゼ。
  3. 上側部品()および中間部品(5)において相互作用するスライド面(7,15)は、垂直軸に関して回転可能に相互作用することを特徴とする請求項1記載のエンドプロテーゼ。
  4. くさび角度(19,22)は、1°〜16°の間であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のエンドプロテーゼ。
  5. くさび形状の部品(3)は、くさび角度が変化して利用可能なくさび部品(26)と、標準部品(25)とで作製されることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のエンドプロテーゼ。
  6. 足関節を置き換えるためのエンドプロテーゼシステムであって、
    距骨(2)に接合され、上スライド面(10)を形成している下側部品(4)と、
    下スライド面(7)を形成し、脛骨(1)の切除面(25)に接合するための上側接合面(23)を有する上側部品(3)と、
    上側および下側部品(3,4)のスライド面(7,10)と相互作用する2つのスライド面(15,16)を有する中間部品(5)とを備え、
    該システムは、通常の上側部品と、上面および下面が実質的に平行な全体な方向を有する中間部品とを含み、
    通常の上側部品(3)に交換して使用可能であって、これらの上面および下面(7,23)の間でサジタル面及び/又は前部平面において、くさび形状をなす矯正部品、及び/又は、通常の中間部品(5)に交換して使用可能であって、これらの上面(15)と下面(16)の全体方向の間で、通常の中間部品(5)と比べて、サジタル面においてくさび形状をなす矯正中間部品、を含むことを特徴とするエンドプロテーゼシステム。
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US20100198355A1 (en) 2010-08-05
AU2003258674A2 (en) 2005-04-14
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US20140081413A1 (en) 2014-03-20
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US9681958B2 (en) 2017-06-20
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