JP4192559B2 - Polyester resin, its production method, binder for printing ink and printing ink - Google Patents
Polyester resin, its production method, binder for printing ink and printing ink Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4192559B2 JP4192559B2 JP2002319299A JP2002319299A JP4192559B2 JP 4192559 B2 JP4192559 B2 JP 4192559B2 JP 2002319299 A JP2002319299 A JP 2002319299A JP 2002319299 A JP2002319299 A JP 2002319299A JP 4192559 B2 JP4192559 B2 JP 4192559B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- weight
- aliphatic
- printing ink
- resin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 title claims description 60
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 title claims description 58
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 title claims description 57
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 29
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 claims description 106
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 69
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- -1 aliphatic hydroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001261 hydroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000007519 polyprotic acids Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 45
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 29
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 15
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 14
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 13
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicyclopentadiene Chemical compound C1C2C3CC=CC3C1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 10
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical class [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 9
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 8
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 description 6
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SPURMHFLEKVAAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-docosene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C SPURMHFLEKVAAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexadecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tetradecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC=C HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WNWHHMBRJJOGFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16-methylheptadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO WNWHHMBRJJOGFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Geraniol Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCO GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004166 Lanolin Substances 0.000 description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LPIQUOYDBNQMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentene Chemical compound C1CC=CC1 LPIQUOYDBNQMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NOPFSRXAKWQILS-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO NOPFSRXAKWQILS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WMRDPJYQERQCEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dotriacont-1-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C WMRDPJYQERQCEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IRHTZOCLLONTOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexacosan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO IRHTZOCLLONTOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940039717 lanolin Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000019388 lanolin Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CNNRPFQICPFDPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N octacosan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO CNNRPFQICPFDPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CCCMONHAUSKTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadec-1-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C CCCMONHAUSKTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TYWMIZZBOVGFOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracosan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO TYWMIZZBOVGFOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCO HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WMZHDICSCDKPFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacont-1-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C WMZHDICSCDKPFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- REZQBEBOWJAQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacontan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO REZQBEBOWJAQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M .beta-Phenylacrylic acid Natural products [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 description 3
- GQXURJDNDYACGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroxycyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1(O)CC1 GQXURJDNDYACGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QBJWYMFTMJFGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hexadecyloxirane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1CO1 QBJWYMFTMJFGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N Cinnamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octadecylamine Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930016911 cinnamic acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 235000013985 cinnamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 3
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002383 tung oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 3
- WTVHAMTYZJGJLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+)-(4S,8R)-8-epi-beta-bisabolol Natural products CC(C)=CCCC(C)C1(O)CCC(C)=CC1 WTVHAMTYZJGJLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGZSQWQPBWRIAQ-CABCVRRESA-N (-)-alpha-Bisabolol Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC[C@](C)(O)[C@H]1CCC(C)=CC1 RGZSQWQPBWRIAQ-CABCVRRESA-N 0.000 description 2
- BITHHVVYSMSWAG-KTKRTIGZSA-N (11Z)-icos-11-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O BITHHVVYSMSWAG-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N (9Z)-octadecen-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCO ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DSZTYVZOIUIIGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Epoxyhexadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1CO1 DSZTYVZOIUIIGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FJLUATLTXUNBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Hexadecylamine Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN FJLUATLTXUNBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002666 1-octacosanol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUJLWPFSUCHPQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11-methyldodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCO XUJLWPFSUCHPQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940114072 12-hydroxystearic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCUKMYFJDGKQFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(octan-3-yloxymethyl)oxirane Chemical compound CCCCCC(CC)OCC1CO1 YCUKMYFJDGKQFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WMYINDVYGQKYMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butoxymethyl]-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CC)(CO)CO WMYINDVYGQKYMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHNBDXQTMPYBAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyloxirane Chemical compound CCCCC1CO1 WHNBDXQTMPYBAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MPGABYXKKCLIRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-decyloxirane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC1CO1 MPGABYXKKCLIRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IOHJQSFEAYDZGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecyloxirane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1CO1 IOHJQSFEAYDZGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NJWSNNWLBMSXQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hexyloxirane Chemical compound CCCCCCC1CO1 NJWSNNWLBMSXQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AAMHBRRZYSORSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-octyloxirane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC1CO1 AAMHBRRZYSORSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940090248 4-hydroxybenzoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decylamine Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCN MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005792 Geraniol Substances 0.000 description 2
- GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-YFHOEESVSA-N Geraniol Natural products CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C/CO GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-YFHOEESVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019485 Safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QXGVRGZJILVMDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetracosanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXGVRGZJILVMDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PLZVEHJLHYMBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetradecylamine Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCN PLZVEHJLHYMBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGZSQWQPBWRIAQ-LSDHHAIUSA-N alpha-Bisabolol Natural products CC(C)=CCC[C@@](C)(O)[C@@H]1CCC(C)=CC1 RGZSQWQPBWRIAQ-LSDHHAIUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- MQQXUGFEQSCYIA-OAWHIZORSA-M aluminum;(z)-4-ethoxy-4-oxobut-2-en-2-olate;propan-2-olate Chemical compound [Al+3].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CCOC(=O)\C=C(\C)[O-] MQQXUGFEQSCYIA-OAWHIZORSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BTFJIXJJCSYFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N arachidyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BTFJIXJJCSYFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- UAHWPYUMFXYFJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-myrcene Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(=C)C=C UAHWPYUMFXYFJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940036350 bisabolol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HHGZABIIYIWLGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisabolol Natural products CC1CCC(C(C)(O)CCC=C(C)C)CC1 HHGZABIIYIWLGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011092 calcium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010538 cationic polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960000541 cetyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 2
- HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene Chemical compound C1CCC=CC1 HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentadiene Chemical compound C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KHAVLLBUVKBTBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dec-9-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=C KHAVLLBUVKBTBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940105990 diglycerin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycerol Chemical compound OCC(O)COCC(O)CO GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- DGXRZJSPDXZJFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DGXRZJSPDXZJFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000735 docosanol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GTZOYNFRVVHLDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)O GTZOYNFRVVHLDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940069096 dodecene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylamine Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCN JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- IIEWJVIFRVWJOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylcyclohexane Chemical compound CCC1CCCCC1 IIEWJVIFRVWJOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JBFHTYHTHYHCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-caprolactone Chemical compound CCC1CCC(=O)O1 JBFHTYHTHYHCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940113087 geraniol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000007646 gravure printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- JJWZFUFNJNGKAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexacosanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O JJWZFUFNJNGKAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQXMSOOKSBKBTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadec-1-ene-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(O)O ZQXMSOOKSBKBTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SRYDOKOCKWANAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)O SRYDOKOCKWANAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQHJDPROMQRDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QQHJDPROMQRDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- JJOJFIHJIRWASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O JJOJFIHJIRWASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007644 letterpress printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N limonene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1CCC(C)=CC1 XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HPSSZFFAYWBIPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N malvalic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC1=C(CCCCCCC(O)=O)C1 HPSSZFFAYWBIPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940043348 myristyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VAMFXQBUQXONLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-alpha-eicosene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C VAMFXQBUQXONLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HKUFIYBZNQSHQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-octadecyloctadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC HKUFIYBZNQSHQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHTKRYWWSTYDNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octacosanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WHTKRYWWSTYDNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UTOPWMOLSKOLTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octacosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UTOPWMOLSKOLTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VJQGGZWPOMJLTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)O VJQGGZWPOMJLTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BNJOQKFENDDGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O BNJOQKFENDDGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940055577 oleyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCO XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N palmitoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007348 radical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000005713 safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003813 safflower oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- RGTIBVZDHOMOKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N stearolic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC#CCCCCCCCC(O)=O RGTIBVZDHOMOKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011044 succinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- FUDOTWBYKLBWCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradec-1-ene-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC=C(O)O FUDOTWBYKLBWCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CQTBQILMJBCTRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)O CQTBQILMJBCTRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HQHCYKULIHKCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O HQHCYKULIHKCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BEOUGZFCUMNGOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tuberculostearic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O BEOUGZFCUMNGOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 2
- QRPLZGZHJABGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N xi-5-Dodecanolide Chemical compound CCCCCCCC1CCCC(=O)O1 QRPLZGZHJABGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CFQZKFWQLAHGSL-FNTYJUCDSA-N (3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e)-octadeca-3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-octaenoyl]oxyoctadeca-3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-octaenoyl]oxyoctadeca-3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-octaenoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\OC(=O)C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\OC(=O)C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C CFQZKFWQLAHGSL-FNTYJUCDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CUXYLFPMQMFGPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (9Z,11E,13E)-9,11,13-Octadecatrienoic acid Natural products CCCCC=CC=CC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CUXYLFPMQMFGPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N (E)-1,3-pentadiene Chemical compound C\C=C\C=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GCORITRBZMICMI-CMDGGOBGSA-N (e)-dodec-4-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC\C=C\CCC(O)=O GCORITRBZMICMI-CMDGGOBGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940106006 1-eicosene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FIKTURVKRGQNQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-eicosene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=CC(O)=O FIKTURVKRGQNQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexanamine Chemical compound CCCCCCN BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRTOHSLOFCWHRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1h-indene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C)C=CC2=C1 LRTOHSLOFCWHRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QFGCFKJIPBRJGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-12-oxododecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QFGCFKJIPBRJGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXNDIJDIPNCZQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene Chemical group CC(=C)CC(C)(C)C FXNDIJDIPNCZQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HLOQHECIPXZHSX-MDZDMXLPSA-N 2-[(e)-dec-1-enyl]butanedioic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C\C(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O HLOQHECIPXZHSX-MDZDMXLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDCPNGVVOWVKJG-VAWYXSNFSA-N 2-[(e)-dodec-1-enyl]butanedioic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O QDCPNGVVOWVKJG-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XACKAZKMZQZZDT-MDZDMXLPSA-N 2-[(e)-octadec-9-enyl]butanedioic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCCC(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O XACKAZKMZQZZDT-MDZDMXLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFBBCIYIKJWDIN-BUHFOSPRSA-N 2-[(e)-tetradec-1-enyl]butanedioic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O PFBBCIYIKJWDIN-BUHFOSPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNUYOWCKBJFOGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[10-(2,2-dicarboxyethyl)anthracen-9-yl]methyl]propanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(C(=O)O)C(O)=O)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C(CC(C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C2=C1 DNUYOWCKBJFOGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSFYPFLCEFLXOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-decylbutanedioic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O WSFYPFLCEFLXOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLAXZGYLWOGCBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylbutanedioic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O YLAXZGYLWOGCBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVONRAPFKPVNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOCCOC(C)=O SVONRAPFKPVNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GCVQVCAAUXFNGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hexadecylbutanedioic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O GCVQVCAAUXFNGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-2-ene Chemical compound CC=C(C)C BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZPJDFKVKOFGAFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-octadecylbutanedioic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O ZPJDFKVKOFGAFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPOGSOBFOIGXPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-octylbutanedioic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O FPOGSOBFOIGXPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- MWTDCUHMQIAYDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tetradecylbutanedioic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O MWTDCUHMQIAYDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OOKDYUQHMDBHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid;2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid;n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound CNC.CNC.COC1=C(Cl)C=CC(Cl)=C1C(O)=O.OC(=O)COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl OOKDYUQHMDBHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVRNUXJQQFPNMN-VAWYXSNFSA-N 3-[(e)-dodec-1-enyl]oxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C1CC(=O)OC1=O WVRNUXJQQFPNMN-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSPWVGZWUBNLQU-FOCLMDBBSA-N 3-[(e)-hexadec-1-enyl]oxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C1CC(=O)OC1=O RSPWVGZWUBNLQU-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBMPVTNXLZPDRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-cyclopentyloxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)CC1C1CCCC1 UBMPVTNXLZPDRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YOWKKGPNCDIFFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-decyloxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC1CC(=O)OC1=O YOWKKGPNCDIFFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YAXXOCZAXKLLCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-dodecyloxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1CC(=O)OC1=O YAXXOCZAXKLLCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBBHWGRJHHNAGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hexadecyloxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1CC(=O)OC1=O GBBHWGRJHHNAGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQNPFQQRWMSYAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-icos-19-enyloxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound C=CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1CC(=O)OC1=O GQNPFQQRWMSYAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAYAKFYASWYOEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-octadec-1-enyloxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=CC1CC(=O)OC1=O KAYAKFYASWYOEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJFCVUTYZHUNSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-octadecyloxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1CC(=O)OC1=O ZJFCVUTYZHUNSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAJCSERLBQROJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-octyloxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC1CC(=O)OC1=O OAJCSERLBQROJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZECBEKZECEQRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-tetradecyloxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1CC(=O)OC1=O BZECBEKZECEQRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMOKUAKXKXBFIW-WJDWOHSUSA-N 9-[(z)-non-3-enyl]-10-octylnonadecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(CCCCCCCC)C(CCCCCCCC(O)=O)CC\C=C/CCCCC AMOKUAKXKXBFIW-WJDWOHSUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006596 Alder-ene reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021357 Behenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWTDZIFWPJJIHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C(=O)O)(CC(=O)O)C=CCCCCCCCCC Chemical compound CC(C(=O)O)(CC(=O)O)C=CCCCCCCCCC VWTDZIFWPJJIHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPMRQBLPCJWJPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C(=O)O)(CC(=O)O)CCCCCCCCCCC Chemical compound CC(C(=O)O)(CC(=O)O)CCCCCCCCCCC GPMRQBLPCJWJPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNRFHTWMAALKRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1(C(=O)OC(C1)=O)CCCCCCCCCCC Chemical compound CC1(C(=O)OC(C1)=O)CCCCCCCCCCC XNRFHTWMAALKRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005632 Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- URYAFVKLYSEINW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorfenethol Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1C(O)(C)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 URYAFVKLYSEINW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000223760 Cinnamomum zeylanicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000252203 Clupea harengus Species 0.000 description 1
- FKUPPRZPSYCDRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentadecanolide Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCO1 FKUPPRZPSYCDRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005727 Friedel-Crafts reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- AAHZZGHPCKJNNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexadecenylsuccinicacid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=CC(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O AAHZZGHPCKJNNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000000177 Indigofera tinctoria Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021353 Lignoceric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CQXMAMUUWHYSIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lignoceric acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 CQXMAMUUWHYSIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GCORITRBZMICMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Linderic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCC(O)=O GCORITRBZMICMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021319 Palmitoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JADFUOUIMWDTFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triacontanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O JADFUOUIMWDTFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011954 Ziegler–Natta catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- QROGIFZRVHSFLM-QHHAFSJGSA-N [(e)-prop-1-enyl]benzene Chemical compound C\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 QROGIFZRVHSFLM-QHHAFSJGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CUXYLFPMQMFGPL-SUTYWZMXSA-N all-trans-octadeca-9,11,13-trienoic acid Chemical compound CCCC\C=C\C=C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O CUXYLFPMQMFGPL-SUTYWZMXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHIDGVQVYHCGEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N allylcyclopentane Chemical compound C=CCC1CCCC1 NHIDGVQVYHCGEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VYBREYKSZAROCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-myrcene Natural products CC(=C)CCCC(=C)C=C VYBREYKSZAROCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium isopropoxide Chemical compound [Al+3].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CEGOLXSVJUTHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium tristearate Chemical compound [Al+3].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CEGOLXSVJUTHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940063655 aluminum stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940072049 amyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous amyl acetate Natural products CCCCCOC(C)=O PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010539 anionic addition polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116226 behenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium acetate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001639 calcium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005147 calcium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017803 cinnamon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cis-palmitoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- INSRQEMEVAMETL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)O INSRQEMEVAMETL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003493 decenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- VAROLYSFQDGFMV-UHFFFAOYSA-K di(octanoyloxy)alumanyl octanoate Chemical compound [Al+3].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O VAROLYSFQDGFMV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLISWPFVWWWNNP-BQYQJAHWSA-N dihydro-3-(1-octenyl)-2,5-furandione Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C\C1CC(=O)OC1=O FLISWPFVWWWNNP-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006471 dimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940060296 dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940108623 eicosenoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BITHHVVYSMSWAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N eicosenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O BITHHVVYSMSWAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- LDLDYFCCDKENPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylcyclohexane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCCC1 LDLDYFCCDKENPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FARYTWBWLZAXNK-WAYWQWQTSA-N ethyl (z)-3-(methylamino)but-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C(\C)NC FARYTWBWLZAXNK-WAYWQWQTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000004426 flaxseed Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940074391 gallic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000004515 gallic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021299 gondoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC([O-])=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019514 herring Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)O ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIXQKCKYEKKFRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexatriacont-1-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C SIXQKCKYEKKFRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KCYQMQGPYWZZNJ-BQYQJAHWSA-N hydron;2-[(e)-oct-1-enyl]butanedioate Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C\C(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCYQMQGPYWZZNJ-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001165 hydrophobic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940097275 indigo Drugs 0.000 description 1
- COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N indigo powder Natural products N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C1=C1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N1 COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012690 ionic polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940087305 limonene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001510 limonene Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UEGPKNKPLBYCNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium acetate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UEGPKNKPLBYCNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011654 magnesium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940069446 magnesium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011285 magnesium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IJFXRHURBJZNAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N meta--hydroxybenzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(O)=C1 IJFXRHURBJZNAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012968 metallocene catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEXZDYLACYKGOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N octacos-1-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C QEXZDYLACYKGOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1,8-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCO OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNGITPWPULMPMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N octatriacont-1-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C PNGITPWPULMPMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- LOKPJYNMYCVCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N omega-pentadecalactone Natural products O=C1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO1 LOKPJYNMYCVCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940012831 stearyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012719 thermal polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000314 zinc acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013904 zinc acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
- Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、印刷インキ用バインダーおよび印刷インキに関する。より詳しくは、ホルムアルデヒド等の環境や人体への負荷が大きい物質を構成成分としないポリエステル樹脂を主たる成分とする印刷インキ用バインダー、及び当該印刷インキ用バインダーを使用したオフセット印刷インキ、新聞インキ、凸版印刷インキ、グラビア印刷インキ等の印刷インキに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ロジン類、アルキルフェノールとホルムアルデヒドの縮合物、およびポリオール等を主原料とするロジン変性フェノール樹脂は、高軟化点、高粘度、高ゲル化能を有し、さらにはインキ用溶剤に対する溶解性に優れるため、従来から印刷インキ用バインダー、特にオフセット用印刷インキ用バインダーとして賞用されている。
【0003】
しかし、ロジン変性フェノール樹脂の主な原料であるアルキルフェノールホルムアルデヒド縮合物は製造時にホルムアルデヒドを含有する廃水が発生するため、近年、揮発性有機化合物(VOC)による大気汚染などの環境問題や作業環境の安全衛生面での問題が指摘されている。また、ロジン変性フェノール樹脂は、当該樹脂を用いた印刷インキの加熱乾燥工程でホルムアルデヒドが発生するという問題も指摘されていた。
【0004】
このような状況の下、ホルムアルデヒドを原料としないオフセット印刷インキ用バインダーの開発が待望されており、たとえば上記したロジン変性フェノール樹脂が有する諸問題を軽減させるべくロジン変性フェノール樹脂の代わりに石油樹脂を用いる試みがなされている。しかし、一般的に知られている石油樹脂は分子中の官能基数が少なく、また3次元構造も少ないため、ゲル化能が低い、ミスチングが大である、光沢が不十分であるなど印刷適性が不十分であるため、ロジン変性フェノール樹脂と石油樹脂を併用されることはあっても石油樹脂が単独でオフセット印刷インキ用バインダーに用いられることはなかった。
【0005】
また、上記対策として、ロジン変性フェノール樹脂の代わりにポリエステル樹脂を用いるという方法も考えられたが、一般に知られているポリエステル樹脂は高軟化点ではあるものの分子量が低いためミスチングが悪い、極性基を多く含有しているため乳化適性が実用レベルでない等、印刷適性が不十分であった。このようにオフセット印刷インキ用バインダーに対する要求性能は多岐に亘るため、これまでのところロジン変性フェノール樹脂以外の樹脂でこれら諸性能を満足することは困難であった。
【0006】
これまで本発明者らは、アルキルフェノールホルムアルデヒド縮合物を原料とせず、しかもロジン変性フェノール樹脂に匹敵する高軟化点、高粘度、高溶解性といった特性を有する樹脂を開発してきた。しかし、当該樹脂は顔料との濡れ性に寄与するフェノール性水酸基を有していないので、光沢が重視される印刷物の印刷適性を十分に満足し得るものではなかった。この問題を解決する手段として、樹脂の極性を高めるために多塩基酸やポリオール等の極性成分を増量する等の手法を取り入れると、インキの乳化率が高くなりインキ諸性能のバランスを適度に保つことが困難であった。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は、アルキルフェノールホルムアルデヒド縮合物を使用しないことで環境や人体への影響を軽減でき、従来公知のロジン変性フェノール樹脂に匹敵する諸物性を有し、かつ印刷物に優れた光沢を与える新規なポリエステル樹脂、を含有してなる印刷インキ用バインダー、ならびに当該印刷インキ用バインダーを含有してなる印刷インキを提供することである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は上記課題を解決するべく鋭意検討を重ねた結果、ヒドロキシ酸類を必須成分としたポリエステル樹脂を含有してなる印刷インキ用バインダーによれば、上記課題が悉く解決できる事を見出し、本発明を完成するに到った。
【0009】
すなわち、本発明は、ロジン類(a)(以下、成分(a)という)、ヒドロキシ酸類(b)(以下、成分(b)という)、脂肪酸類、脂肪族多塩基酸類、脂肪族モノアルコール類、脂肪族ジアルコール類、脂肪族モノアミン類、脂肪族モノエポキシ類、およびカルボン酸類と疎水性の重合性不飽和化合物とからなるポリマーと当該ポリマー中のカルボン酸類に対し反応性を有する疎水性化合物とを部分的に反応させてなる樹脂からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種(c)(以下、成分(c)という)、ポリオール類(d)(以下、成分(d)という)、ならびに極性基含有石油樹脂(e)(以下、成分(e)という)を反応させてなるポリエステル樹脂を含有してなる印刷インキ用バインダー;当該印刷インキ用バインダーの製造方法;当該印刷インキ用バインダーを含有してなる印刷インキに関する。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
まず、本発明の印刷インキ用バインダーをなすポリエステル樹脂(以下、本発明のポリエステル樹脂という)を構成する成分(a)〜成分(e)について説明する。
【0011】
本発明のポリエステル樹脂の製造に用いられる成分(a)としては、たとえばガムロジン、トール油ロジン、ウッドロジンなどの天然ロジン;該天然ロジンから誘導される重合ロジン;前記天然ロジンや重合ロジンを不均化または水素添加して得られる安定化ロジン;前記天然ロジンや重合ロジンに不飽和カルボン酸類を付加して得られる不飽和酸変性ロジンなどがあげられる。なお、前記不飽和酸変性ロジンとは、例えばマレイン酸変性ロジン、無水マレイン酸変性ロジン、フマル酸変性ロジン、イタコン酸変性ロジン、クロトン酸変性ロジン、ケイ皮酸変性ロジン、アクリル酸変性ロジン、メタクリル酸変性ロジンなど、あるいはこれらに対応する酸変性重合ロジンがあげられ、当該不飽和酸変性ロジンは原料ロジン100重量部に対してそれぞれ対応する不飽和カルボン酸を、通常1〜30重量部程度用いて変性されたものである。
【0012】
前記成分(a)のなかでも、本発明のポリエステル樹脂を高分子量化できることから分子内に2個以上のカルボキシル基を有するロジン種を含有するものを好ましく使用でき、特に高分子量化に加え該ポリエステル樹脂のインキ用溶剤への溶解性や軟化点を高くすることができるため重合ロジンおよび/または不飽和酸変性重合ロジンを含有するものを特に好ましく使用できる。後者の場合には、当該重合ロジンおよび/または不飽和酸変性重合ロジンを成分(a)全量の40重量%以上の範囲で使用するのがよい。
【0013】
成分(a)〜成分(e)の合計仕込み量に対する成分(a)の仕込み量は通常10〜74重量%程度である。成分(a)の仕込み量を10重量%以上とすることで本発明のポリエステル樹脂の分子量を所望の分子量とすることができる。また、74重量%以下とすることで当該ポリエステル樹脂の溶剤への溶解性を高めたり、該樹脂を用いた印刷インキの乳化性を向上させたりできる。
【0014】
本発明のポリエステル樹脂の製造に用いられる成分(b)としては、同一分子内に水酸基およびカルボキシル基を有するヒドロキシ酸類が使用され、脂肪族ヒドロキシ酸類、脂環族ヒドロキシ酸類、芳香族ヒドロキシ酸類や対応するヒドロキシ酸の分子内脱水縮合による生成物であるラクトン類などを例示できる。前記脂肪族ヒドロキシ酸類としては具体的には全炭素数2〜40程度のものが好ましく使用され、たとえば乳酸、リンゴ酸、クエン酸、ヒマシ油脂肪酸、12−ヒドロキシステアリン酸等が挙げられる。また、前記脂環族ヒドロキシ酸としては、具体的には全炭素数が4〜40程度のものが好ましく使用され、たとえば1−ヒドロキシ−1−シクロプロパンカルボン酸等のヒドロキシシクロプロパンカルボン酸などが挙げられる。また、前記芳香族ヒドロキシ酸類としては、具体的には全炭素数が7〜40程度のものが好ましく使用され、たとえばサリチル酸、m−ヒドロキシ安息香酸、p−ヒドロキシ安息香酸、没食子酸等が挙げられる。また、前記ラクトン類としては、γ−ブチロラクトン、γ−カプロラクトン、δ−ドデカノラクトン、ω−ペンタデカラクトン等が挙げられる。これらは1種を単独で、または2種以上を併用できる。
【0015】
成分(a)〜成分(e)の合計仕込み量に対する成分(b)の仕込み量は3〜12重量%である。成分(b)の仕込み量を3重量%以上とすることで印刷インキの印刷面の光沢を高めることができる。また、12重量%以下とすることで得られる樹脂を用いたインキの乾燥性、ミスチング、乳化率を容易に調整できる。
【0016】
本発明のポリエステル樹脂の製造に用いられる成分(c)としては、脂肪酸類、脂肪族多塩基酸類、脂肪族モノアルコール類、脂肪族ジアルコール類、脂肪族モノアミン類、脂肪族モノエポキシ類が挙げられ、更にはカルボン酸類と疎水性の重合性不飽和化合物とからなるポリマーと当該ポリマー中のカルボン酸類に対し反応性を有する疎水性化合物とを部分的に反応させてなる樹脂も挙げられる。成分(c)としては、これらからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種が使用される。
【0017】
前記脂肪酸類および脂肪族多塩基酸としては全炭素数10〜40程度のものが好ましく使用され、直鎖状、分岐鎖状または環状であってよい脂肪酸、アルキルコハク酸およびその無水物ならびにこれらに対応するアルケニルコハク酸およびその無水物、α,ω−ジカルボン酸類、不飽和カルボン酸付加高級脂肪酸類、ダイマー酸等が挙げられ、具体的にはカプリン酸、ウンデカン酸、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、アラキン酸、ベヘン酸、リグノセリン酸、セロチン酸、モンタン酸、メリシン酸、カプロレイン酸、リンデル酸、フィゼテリン酸、パルミトレイン酸、オレイン酸、ゴンドイン酸、セトレイン酸、セラコレイン酸、キシメン酸、ルメクエン酸、リノール酸、エレオステアリン酸、リノレン酸、アラキドン酸、イワシ酸、ニシン酸、ステアロール酸、モノマー酸等の直鎖状脂肪酸;イソ酸、ツベルクロステアリン酸等の分岐状脂肪酸;マルバリン酸、ショールムーグリン酸等の環状脂肪酸;直鎖状、分岐鎖状、環状であってよいα−オレフィンオリゴマーまたはエチレン、プロピレンなどをオリゴマー化してなる直鎖状、分岐鎖状、環状の内部オレフィンオリゴマーとマレイン酸、無水マレイン酸、フマル酸、イタコン酸、クロトン酸、ケイ皮酸等の不飽和ジカルボン酸類とをエン付加反応等の付加反応をさせることで得られる化合物、および当該化合物の水素化物;オクテニルコハク酸、オクテニル無水コハク酸、デセニルコハク酸、デセニル無水コハク酸、ドデセニルコハク酸、ドデセニル無水コハク酸、テトラデセニルコハク酸、テトラデセニル無水コハク酸、ヘキサデセニルコハク酸、ヘキサデセニル無水コハク酸、オクタデセニルコハク酸、オクタデセニル無水コハク酸、エイコセニルコハク酸、エイコセニル無水コハク酸、メチルウンデセニルコハク酸、メチルウンデセニル無水コハク酸、アリルシクロペンテニルコハク酸、アリルシクロペンテニル無水コハク酸、オクチルコハク酸、オクチル無水コハク酸、デシルコハク酸、デシル無水コハク酸、ドデシルコハク酸、ドデシル無水コハク酸、テトラデシルコハク酸、テトラデシル無水コハク酸、ヘキサデシルコハク酸、ヘキサデシル無水コハク酸、オクタデシルコハク酸、オクタデシル無水コハク酸、メチルウンデシルコハク酸、メチルウンデシル無水コハク酸、アリルシクロペンチルコハク酸、アリルシクロペンチル無水コハク酸、セバシン酸、ドデカン二酸、テトラデカン二酸、ヘキサデカン二酸、オクタデカン二酸、エイコサン二酸、ドコサン二酸、テトラコサン二酸、ヘキサコサン二酸、オクタコサン二酸、トリアコンタン二酸、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、マレイン酸、無水マレイン酸、フマル酸、イタコン酸、クロトン酸、ケイ皮酸等の不飽和カルボン酸類と桐油、アマニ油、サンフラワー油、大豆油、脱水ヒマシ油などの半乾性油または乾性油から得られる高級脂肪酸とを付加反応させることにより得られる化合物等;牛脂系オレイン酸、トール油脂肪酸、大豆油脂肪酸などの不飽和脂肪酸を、触媒としてモンモリロナイト系白土などを用い、二量化したダイマー酸等を例示できる。なお、該ダイマー酸の市販品は、炭素数36のダイマー酸と副生成物である炭素数54のトリマー酸を含有したものとして容易に入手できる。
【0018】
前記脂肪族モノアルコール類、脂肪族ジアルコール類、脂肪族モノアミン類、脂肪族モノエポキシ類としては、炭素数が10〜40程度の脂肪族モノアルコール類、炭素数が10〜40程度の脂肪族ジアルコール類、炭素数が10〜40程度の脂肪族モノアミン類、炭素数が10〜40程度の脂肪族モノエポキシ類が挙げられ、具体例としては、デシルアルコール、ラウリルアルコール、ミリスチルアルコール、セチルアルコール、ステアリルアルコール、エイコサノール、ドコサノール、テトラコサノール、ヘキサコサノール、オクタコサノール、トリアコンタノール、オレイルアルコール、イソトリデシルアルコール、イソステアリルアルコール、ゲラニオール、ロジンアルコール、ビサボロール、ラノリンアルコール、デカンジオール、ドデカンジオール、テトラデカンジオール、ヘキサデカンジオール、オクタデカンジオール、デセンジオール、ドデセンジオール、テトラデセンジオール、ヘキサデセンジオール、オクタデセンジオール、ラノリンアルコール、ダイマー酸を水添したジオール、デシルアミン、ドデシルアミン、テトラデシルアミン、ヘキサデシルアミン、オクタデシルアミン、オクタデセニルアミン、牛脂アルキルアミン、大豆アルキルアミン、ジオクタデシルアミン、ジオクタデセニルアミン、1,2−エポキシヘキサン、1,2−エポキシオクタン、1,2−エポキシデカン、1,2−エポキシドデカン、1,2−エポキシテトラデカン、1,2−エポキシヘキサデカン、1,2−エポキシオクタデカン、エチルヘキシルグリシジルエーテル等を例示できる。
【0019】
前記のように成分(c)として、カルボン酸類と疎水性の重合性不飽和化合物とからなるポリマーと当該ポリマー中のカルボン酸類に対し反応性を有する疎水性化合物とを部分的に反応させてなる樹脂を例示したが、当該樹脂の構成成分として用いられるカルボン酸類の具体例としては、たとえば、マレイン酸、無水マレイン酸、フマル酸、イタコン酸、クロトン酸、ケイ皮酸、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸などがあげられる。これらは単独で使用、または2種以上を併用することができ、その使用量は成分(c)を適正な分子量としうる範囲内で任意に変えることができる。また当該疎水性の重合性不飽和化合物としては、▲1▼炭素数2〜50程度の脂肪族不飽和炭化水素モノマー、▲2▼炭素数5〜50程度の脂環族不飽和炭化水素モノマー、▲3▼炭素数8〜50程度の芳香族炭化水素モノマー、▲4▼ロジン類、▲5▼高級不飽和脂肪酸、▲6▼不飽和油などを例示できる。前記▲1▼の化合物の具体例としては、エチレン、プロピレン、1−n−ブテン、ジプロピレン、ジイソブチレン、トリプロピレン、トリブチレン、1−ヘキセン、1−オクテン、1−デセン、1−ドデセン、1−テトラデセン、1−ヘキサデセン、1−オクタデセン、1−エイコセン、1−ドコセン、1−テトラコセン、1−ヘキサコセン、1−オクタコセン、1−トリアコンテン、1−ドトリアコンテン、1−テトラトリエアコンテン、1−ヘキサトリアコンテン、1−オクタトリアコンテン、1−テトラコンテンなどのα−オレフィンや、ブタジエン、不飽和ポリオレフィンなどが挙げられる。前記▲2▼の化合物の具体例としては、シクロペンテン、シクロヘキセン、アリルシクロペンタン、ビニルシクロヘキサンなどが挙げられる。前記▲3▼の化合物の具体例としては、スチレン、α−メチルスチレンなどが挙げられる。前記▲4▼の化合物の具体例としては、成分(a)として分子内に炭素―炭素不飽和結合を有する化合物が相当する。前記▲5▼および▲6▼の化合物の具体例としては、桐油、アマニ油、サフラワー油、大豆油、脱水ヒマシ油などの半乾性油または乾性油、またはこれらから得られる高級不飽和脂肪酸が挙げられる。前記▲1▼〜▲6▼の化合物は単独で、または2種以上を併用することができる。また、本発明の特徴を損なわない範囲で他のモノマーや化合物を併用してもよく、その使用量は本発明のポリエステル樹脂を適正な分子量としうる範囲内で任意に変えることができる。また、前記カルボン酸類に対し反応性を有する疎水性化合物としては、(i)炭素数6〜50程度の脂肪族モノアルコール、(ii)炭素数6〜50程度の脂肪族ジアルコール、(iii)炭素数6〜50程度の脂肪族モノアミン、(iv)炭素数6〜50程度の脂肪族モノエポキシなどが挙げられる。前記(i)の化合物は、直鎖状、分岐鎖状、環状であってよく、その構造は特に制限されない。具体例としては、ヘキサノール、オクタノール、デシルアルコール、ラウリルアルコール、ミリスチルアルコール、セチルアルコール、ステアリルアルコール、エイコサノール、ドコサノール、テトラコサノール、ヘキサコサノール、オクタコサノール、トリアコンタノール、オレイルアルコール、2−エチルヘキサノール、イソトリデシルアルコール、イソステアリルアルコール、ゲラニオール、ロジンアルコール、ビサボロール、ラノリンアルコールなどが挙げられる。前記(ii)の化合物は、直鎖状、分岐鎖状、環状であってよく、その構造は特に制限されない。具体例としては、ヘキサンジオール、オクタンジオール、デカンジオール、ドデカンジオール、テトラデカンジオール、ヘキサデカンジオール、オクタデカンジオール、デセンジオール、ドデセンジオール、テトラデセンジオール、ヘキサデセンジオール、オクタデセンジオール、ラノリンアルコール、ダイマー酸を水添したジオールなどあげられる。前記(iii)の化合物は、直鎖状、分岐鎖状、環状であってよく、その構造は特に制限されない。具体例としては、ヘキシルアミン、オクチルアミン、デシルアミン、ドデシルアミン、テトラデシルアミン、ヘキサデシルアミン、オクタデシルアミン、オクタデセニルアミン、牛脂アルキルアミン、大豆アルキルアミン、ジオクタデシルアミン、ジオクタデセニルアミンなどが挙げられる。前記(iv)の化合物は、直鎖状、分岐鎖状、環状であってよく、その構造は特に制限されない。具体例としては、1,2−エポキシヘキサン、1,2−エポキシオクタン、1,2−エポキシデカン、1,2−エポキシドデカン、1,2−エポキシテトラデカン、1,2−エポキシヘキサデカン、1,2−エポキシオクタデカン、エチルヘキシルグリシジルエーテルなどが挙げられる。
【0020】
前記ポリマーは、前記したカルボン酸類と疎水性の重合性不飽和化合物を原料として、公知の重合反応、たとえばラジカル重合反応、熱重合反応、イオン重合反応により得ることができる。これらの反応を行うに際し、開始剤や触媒は使用しなくてもよいが、ラジカル重合反応の場合にはアゾビスイソブチロニトリルなどのアゾ系開始剤、ジ−t−ブチルパーオキサイド、過酸化ベンゾイル、過酸化ジクミル、過硫酸カリウム、過酸化水素水などの開始剤を使用できる。また、カチオン重合の場合には硫酸などのプロトン酸や、三弗化ホウ素、塩化アルミニウムなどのルイス酸と水、アルコール、エーテルからなる共触媒等、各種公知の触媒を使用できる。また、アニオン重合の場合には、NaR、RMgX、ROK(Rはアルキル基、Xはハロゲン原子を表す)、ピリジン、配位アニオン開始剤としてチーグラーナッタ系触媒、メタロセン系触媒などの開始剤を使用できる。これら開始剤や触媒は前記カルボン酸類と疎水性の重合性不飽和化合物の総重量に対し0.01〜10重量%程度使用される。また、反応の際に溶媒を使用しなくてもよいが、使用する場合には各種公知のものを使用できる。溶媒としては、重合反応を行う温度で原料を十分に溶解でき、反応生成物を溶解できるものが好ましく使用され、特に前記不飽和カルボン酸類に対し不活性であって重合反応を大きく阻害しないものが好ましく使用される。溶媒の具体例としては、トルエン、キシレンなどの芳香族炭化水素、メチルシクロヘキサン、エチルシクロヘキサンなどの脂環族炭化水素、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、酢酸アミル、酢酸セロソルブ、酢酸プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルなどの脂肪族エステル等が挙げられる。また、反応温度は開始剤や触媒の種類により最適温度を決定すればよいが、通常室温〜200℃程度である。
【0021】
また、前記ポリマーと、当該ポリマー中のカルボキシル基に対し反応性を有する疎水性化合物とを部分的に反応させてなる樹脂は、該ポリマー中のカルボキシル基の20〜80%程度を当該疎水性化合物と反応させて得られる変性物であり、該ポリマーの疎水性が高い場合は変性率を低くするのが好ましく、疎水性が低い場合は変性率を高くするのが好ましい。また、前記成分(c)の構成成分であるカルボン酸類と、当該カルボン酸類のカルボキシル基に対し反応性を有する疎水性化合物を予めエステル化したものを、当該樹脂の反応物として使用することも可能である。
【0022】
このようにして得られた前記樹脂の重量平均分子量は通常2,000〜30,000程度とするのが好ましく、2,000より小さい場合には疎水基を集中させることによる本発明のポリエステル樹脂の溶解性を十分に向上させることが困難となり、30,000より大きい場合には当該ポリエステル樹脂がゲル化したり高粘度化したりするため反応の制御が困難となる傾向にある
【0023】
成分(a)〜成分(e)の合計仕込み量に対する成分(c)の仕込み量は3〜10重量%である。成分(c)が3重量%より少ない場合では本発明のポリエステル樹脂の溶剤に対する溶解性が低くなる傾向にあり、また成分が10重量%より多い場合では所望の分子量とし難い傾向にある。
【0024】
本発明のポリエステル樹脂の製造に用いられる成分(d)としては、たとえばジペンタエリスリトール、ペンタエリスリトール、ジグリセリン、グリセリン、ジトリメチロールプロパン、トリメチロールプロパン、ジトリメチロールエタン、トリメチロールエタン、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、ネオペンチルグリコールが挙げられる。なお、成分(c)の脂肪族ジアルコール類として前掲したものを用いることもできる。従来からロジン変性フェノール樹脂のポリオール成分として公知のポリオールを例示できる。
【0025】
前記成分(d)のなかでも本発明のポリエステル樹脂の軟化点、分子量、また本発明の印刷インキのミスチングや乳化率を制御し易いことから、グリセリン、トリメチロールプルパン、トリメチロールエタンなど当該分子の最長炭素鎖における炭素数が4以下のものである3価アルコールや、ペンタエリスリトール、ジグリセリン、ジトリメチロールプロパン、ジトリメチロールエタンなど当該分子の最長炭素鎖における炭素数が4以下のものである4価アルコールを使用するのが好ましい。
【0026】
成分(d)の使用量は特に制限されないが、本発明のポリエステル樹脂を設計するに際し樹脂を所望の分子量とし、本発明の印刷インキの乳化特性を適切なものとするため、成分(a)〜成分(e)の各成分中の全水酸基当量数と全カルボキシル基当量数の割合を、通常当量比OH/COOHが0.5〜1程度となるよう使用するのが好ましい。OH/COOHを計算するにあたって、成分(c)中の脂肪族モノアミンのうち2級アミンは1価とみなし、また1級アミンは2価とみなし、当該アミノ基の当量数=当該OHの当量数とし、当該OHの当量数を含めてOHの合計当量数とする。そして、成分(c)中の脂肪族モノエポキシ類は2価アルコールとみなし、当該OHの当量数を含めて合計当量数とする。また、成分(a)〜成分(e)の合計仕込み量に対する成分(d)の仕込み量は通常3〜10重量%程度である。成分(d)が3重量%より少ない場合は本発明のポリエステル樹脂を所望の分子量とし難くなる傾向にあり、また10重量%より多い場合には本発明のインキの乳化特性を適切とし難くなる傾向にある。
【0027】
本発明のポリエステル樹脂の製造に用いられる成分(e)とは、分子内に二重結合を有する石油樹脂にカルボキシル基や水酸基等の極性基を付与したものが該当する。当該分子内に二重結合を有する石油樹脂としては、シクロペンタジエン、ジシクロペンタジエンなどのDCPD系原料から得られるDCPD系石油樹脂、ペンテン、シクロペンテン、ペンタジエン、イソプレンのC5系原料から得られるC5系石油樹脂、メチルブテン、インデン、メチルインデン、ビニルトルエン、スチレン、α−メチルスチレン、β−メチルスチレンなどのC9系原料から得られるC9系石油樹脂、前記DCPD系原料とC5系原料からなる共重合石油樹脂、DCPD系原料とC9系原料からなる共重合石油樹脂、C5系原料とC9系原料からなる共重合石油樹脂、DCPD系原料とC5系原料とC9系原料からなる共重合石油樹脂などが挙げられ、通常これらの樹脂は無触媒あるいは触媒(たとえばカチオン重合による場合はフリーデルクラフツ型触媒など)の存在の下で製造される。これらの中でも特に極性基を容易に付与でき、所望の軟化点に調整し易いことからDCPD系原料を成分とする石油樹脂が好ましい。具体的にはDCPD系石油樹脂、DCPC系原料とC5系原料からなる共重合石油樹脂、DCPD系原料とC9系原料からなる共重合石油樹脂、DCPD系原料とC5系原料とC9系原料からなる共重合石油樹脂が好ましい。
【0028】
前記した各種石油樹脂へ極性基を導入する方法としては、公知の方法を採用することができる。たとえば極性基としてカルボキシル基を導入する場合には、前記各種の石油樹脂とマレイン酸、無水マレイン酸、フマル酸、イタコン酸等の不飽和ジカルボン酸類や、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、クロトン酸、ケイ皮酸などの不飽和モノカルボン酸類等の不飽和カルボン酸類とを、公知のラジカル反応開始剤の存在下でラジカル共重合反応させる方法や、前記石油樹脂と前記不飽和カルボン酸類とをエン反応させる方法等が採用できる。なかでもラジカル共重合反応によれば、本発明の印刷インキの耐ミスチング性が向上するため好ましい。また、不飽和カルボン酸類の使用量としては、本発明のポリエステル樹脂の分子量を所望の範囲に調整し易いことから、原料となる前記石油樹脂100重量部に対して1〜15重量部程度、好ましくは1〜12重量部を使用する。
【0029】
また、極性基として例えば水酸基を付与する場合にもその方法は特に制限されるものではなく、たとえば前記した石油樹脂が有する二重結合に水を付加したり、アリルアルコール等の分子内に二重結合と水酸基を有する化合物を熱重合させたりする方法が挙げられる。また、成分(e)として水酸基を含有するものに前記不飽和カルボン酸類をエン付加させたものやラジカル反応開始剤の存在下ラジカル共重合させたものは、本発明のポリエステル樹脂を容易に高分子量化できるため好ましく使用される。特にラジカル共重合によるものは本発明の印刷インキの耐ミスチング性を向上できるという利点があり、この場合は成分(e)中の水酸基の当量数より少ないカルボキシル基の当量数となる割合で不飽和カルボン酸類を反応させればよい。
【0030】
なお、成分(e)を製造する際に各種公知の重合性不飽和炭化水素モノマーを共重合させることもできる。当該モノマーとしては、直鎖状脂肪族不飽和炭化水素モノマー、分岐鎖状脂肪族不飽和炭化水素モノマー、環状脂肪族不飽和炭化水素モノマーなどを使用でき、具体的には1−デセン、1−ドデセン、1−テトラデセン、1−ヘキサデセン、1−オクタデセン、1−エイコセン、1−ドコセン、1−テトラコセン、1−ヘキサコセン、1−オクタコセン、1−トリアコンテン、1−ドトリアコンテン、1−テトラトリエアコンテン、1−ヘキサトリアコンテン、1−オクタトリアコンテン、1−テトラコンテン、ミルセン、ポリブテン(3〜10量体)、ピネン、リモネン等を例示できる。これらは単独で使用、または2種以上を併用できる。当該重合性不飽和炭化水素モノマーは本発明の目的を逸脱しない程度において特に制限なく使用できるが、成分(e)の反応率を高める目的から前記不飽和カルボン酸類のモル数より少ない範囲で使用するのが好ましい。なお成分(e)の重量平均分子量は4,000〜30,000程度とするのが好ましい。重量平均分子量を4,000以上とすることで、本発明のポリエステル樹脂を容易に所望の分子量としやすく、30,000以下とすることで、成分(e)と当該ポリエステル樹脂を構成する他の成分との反応を容易に制御できるようになる。
【0031】
なお、成分(e)は1種を単独で使用しても良く、2種以上の混合物として使用してもよい。また成分(e)としては、本発明のポリエステル樹脂を高分子量化する目的から分子内に2個以上の極性基を持つものが特に好ましく使用される。
【0032】
成分(a)〜成分(e)の合計仕込み量に対する、成分(e)の仕込み量は通常17〜58重量%程度である。成分(e)の使用量が17重量%より小さい場合は本発明の乳化特性を適性とし難い傾向にあり、58重量%より大きい場合は本発明のポリエステル樹脂を所望の分子量とすることが困難となる傾向にある。
リエステル樹脂は印刷インキ用バインダーとして好適に使用される。
【0033】
次に本発明のポリエステル樹脂の製造方法について説明する。本発明のポリエステル樹脂は前記成分(a)〜成分(e)を原料として、各種公知のポリエステル樹脂の製造方法により得られる。反応に際し、触媒や反応温度等の反応条件は特に制限されない。たとえば成分(a)〜成分(e)を所定量ずつ反応装置に仕込み、必要に応じて各種公知の酸性または塩基性触媒の存在下、100〜300℃程度の温度範囲にて1〜20時間程度反応させればよい。前記触媒としては、塩酸、硫酸などの鉱酸、メタンスルホン酸、パラトルエンスルホン酸、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸などのスルホン酸、酸化亜鉛、酸化マグネシウム、酸化カルシウムなどの金属酸化物、水酸化マグネシウム、水酸化カルシウムなどの金属の水酸化物、酢酸カルシウム、酢酸マグネシウム、酢酸亜鉛などの酢酸塩が挙げられる。また、本発明のポリエステル樹脂を所望の分子量および軟化点に調節する目的から、エステル化反応前および/またはエステル化反応の途中でエポキシ化大豆油、エポキシ化アマニ油、イソフタル酸、テレフタル酸などの架橋剤を任意の量で添加することができる。また、印刷インキの印刷面に耐水性を付与する観点から、ケイ素原子の置換基にヒドロキシアルキルや水素原子を有するポリオルガノシロキサンを添加することもできる。
【0034】
前記方法で得られた本発明のポリエステル樹脂は高軟化点を有することを特徴とする。軟化点は通常120〜200℃程度であり、好ましくは140〜200℃程度である(JIS K5601に準拠した値であり、以下、同様とする)。軟化点を140℃以上とすることで本発明の印刷インキの乾燥性やセット性を良好とすることができ、また、200℃以下とすることでインキ用溶剤への十分な溶解性を保つことができる。また、本発明のポリエステル樹脂の重量平均分子量は、30,000〜400,000程度、好ましくは50,000〜200,000の範囲とされる。30,000より小さい場合は所望の粘度が得られにくくなり、400,000より大きい場合はインキ用溶剤へ樹脂を溶解させたときに不溶物が発生しやすくなる傾向にある。また、本発明のポリエステル樹脂の溶解性は芳香族成分をほとんど含まない石油系溶剤にも十分な溶解性を有し、たとえば新日本石油(株)5号ソルベントトレランスでは2g/g以上、好ましくは20g/g以上である(ソルベントトレランス(g/g)とは溶解性の指標であり、樹脂と5号ソルベントを1対2の重量比で加熱混合した樹脂溶液に、25℃においてさらに5号ソルベントを加えてゆき、溶液が白濁するまでに要した溶剤の総重量に対する樹脂重量から算出した値である)。また、5号ソルベントトレランスが20g/g以上の高溶解性樹脂を測定する場合には、新日本石油(株)0号ソルベントを用いる。また本発明のポリエステル樹脂は、33重量%アマニ油粘度がコーン・アンド・プレート型粘度計測定値で4〜15Pa・s(25℃)程度と高粘度である(33重量%アマニ油粘度とは、得られたポリエステル樹脂とアマニ油を1対2の重量比で加熱混合したものを25℃においてコーン・アンド・プレート型粘度計(日本レオロジー機器(株)製)により測定した際の粘度をいう)。
【0035】
本発明の印刷インキ用バインダーは、本発明のポリエステル樹脂にたとえば植物油、ゲル化剤、必要に応じて溶剤などを配合し、これを適宜加熱溶解したり化学反応させたゲルワニスとして得られる。なお、本発明のポリエステル樹脂を製造する際に予めエステル反応を阻害しないような植物油、ゲル化剤、さらに必要に応じて溶剤などを配合していてもよい。また、本発明の印刷インキ用バインダーには得られる印刷インキの性能を損なわない範囲において各種公知の石油樹脂、アルキド樹脂、ロジンエステル、脂肪酸エステルなどを適宜併用できる。
【0036】
前記植物油としては各種公知のものを特に制限なく使用できる。具体的にはアマニ油、桐油またはこれらの重合油、サフラワー油、脱水ヒマシ油、大豆油などがあげられるが、印刷物の乾燥性の点から不飽和結合を有する植物油が好ましく、近年の環境対策面から考えると大豆油が好ましい。
【0037】
前記ゲル化剤としては、オクチル酸アルミニウム、ステアリン酸アルミニウム、アルミニウムトリイソプロポキシド、アルミニウムジプロポキシドモノアセチルアセテートなど公知のものが挙げられる。
【0038】
前記溶剤としては、沸点が200℃程度以上で芳香族炭化水素の含有率が1重量%程度以下である石油系溶剤であれば特に制限されず、各種公知のものを使用できる。具体的には新日本石油(株)製0号ソルベント、新日本石油(株)製AF4号ソルベント、新日本石油(株)製AF5号ソルベント、新日本石油(株)製AF6号ソルベント、新日本石油(株)製AF7号ソルベントなどの市販品があげられる。
【0039】
本発明の印刷インキは、前記した印刷インキ用バインダーに顔料(黄色、紅色、藍色または黒色など)、植物油および/または沸点が200℃程度以上で芳香族炭化水素の含有率が1%程度以下である石油系溶剤を主成分として、インキ流動性やインキ表面皮膜を改善するための界面活性剤、ワックス、ドライヤーなどの各種添加剤を必要に応じて配合して得られる混合物を、ロールミル、ボールミル、アトライター、サンドミルといった公知のインキ製造装置を用いて混練し、適切なインキ恒数に調節して得られる。なお、印刷インキを製造する際に使用する本発明によるバインダーの配合量は、印刷インキ用樹脂固形分濃度が10〜50重量%程度になるよう配合するのが好ましい。
【0040】
このようにして得られた本発明のインキは、特にオフセット枚葉インキ(枚葉インキ)、オフセット輪転インキ(オフ輪インキ)、水なしオフセットインキ等のオフセット印刷インキとして特に賞用されるほか、新聞インキ、凸版印刷インキ、グラビア印刷インキにも好適に使用される。
【0041】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、アルキルフェノールホルムアルデヒド縮合物を使用しないため環境上好ましく、しかもロジン変性フェノール樹脂に匹敵する高軟化点、高粘度、高溶解性を有する印刷インキ用樹脂を提供できる。また、本発明のポリエステル樹脂をオフセット印刷インキ用バインダーなどとして使用した場合には、印刷インキの乳化特性、光沢、乾燥性、ミスチングなどの印刷適性が従来公知のロジン変性フェノール樹脂と同等以上である為、今日の要求に合致する印刷インキを提供できる。さらに当該印刷インキ用樹脂を用いた印刷インキ用バインダー、植物油および/または沸点が200℃以上で芳香族炭化水素の含有率が1重量%以下である石油系溶剤、必要により添加剤からなる印刷インキを使用することにより、環境問題や作業環境など安全衛生面が改善できる。
【0042】
【実施例】
以下、製造例、実施例をあげて本発明を更に具体的に説明するが、本発明を限定するものではない。なお、以下「部」とは重量部を示す。
【0043】
製造例1:(成分(a)、不飽和酸変性ロジンの製造)
攪拌機、分水器付き還流冷却管および温度計を備えた反応容器に、ガムロジン1,000部を仕込み、これを窒素雰囲気下に攪拌しながら180℃まで昇温して溶融した。ついで、フマル酸267部を仕込み、攪拌下に230
℃まで昇温して1時間保温した後、冷却して不飽和酸変性ロジンの固形樹脂を得た。樹脂酸価は342.0(JIS K5601に準ずる。以下、同様)であった。
【0044】
製造例2:(成分(e)、極性基含有石油樹脂の製造)
製造例1と同様の反応容器に、DCPD系石油樹脂(商品名 クイントン1325、日本ゼオン(株)製)1,000部、キシレン100部を仕込み、これを窒素雰囲気下に攪拌しながら150℃まで昇温して溶融した。ついで、無水マレイン酸70部を仕込み、ジ−t−ブチルパーオキサイド(商品名 パーブチルD、日本油脂(株)製)6部を30分間かけて連続的に添加し、150〜160℃で2.5時間保温し反応させた。保温後、キシレンを除去するため反応系を200℃まで昇温し、0.02MPaで10分間減圧した後、冷却して、理論酸価が75.0、重量平均分子量が5,000の固形樹脂を得た。なお、当該理論酸価は使用原料のカルボキシル基当量数から算出したものである。また、当該重量平均分子量は、THFを溶媒として、東ソー(株)製ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(商品名 HLC−8020)および東ソー(株)製カラム(商品名TSK−GEL)を用いて測定したポリスチレン換算値をいう(以下、同様)。
【0045】
製造例3:(70%レゾール型ノニルフェノールキシレン溶液の製造)
製造例1と同様の反応容器に、ノニルフェノール1,000部、パラホルムアルデヒド270部および水1,000部を仕込み、攪拌下に50℃まで昇温した。そして50℃において水酸化ナトリウム100部を仕込み、冷却しながら90℃まで徐々に昇温した後、2.5時間保温し、硫酸を滴下してpHを6付近に調整した。その後、キシレン150部を加え、ホルムアルデヒドなどを含んだ水層部部を除去し、冷却してレゾール型ノニルフェノールの70%キシレン溶液を得た。
【0046】
実施例1
製造例1と同様の反応容器に、成分(a)として重合ロジン(商品名 シルバタック140、シルバケム社製、酸価140)355部および製造例1で得た不飽和酸変性ロジン45部、成分(e)として製造例2で得た極性基含有石油樹脂を424部、成分(c)として炭素数が18のアルケニル無水コハク酸(商品名 バパベラスNP、新日本石油(株)製)80部を仕込み、これを窒素雰囲気下に攪拌しながら180℃まで昇温して溶融した。ついで、成分(d)としてペンタエリスリトール29部およびグリセリン29部、成分(b)としてサリチル酸38部を添加して攪拌下に260℃まで昇温し、酸価が30以下となったらパラトルエンスルホン酸1部を仕込み、酸価が20以下となるまで反応させた。その後、反応系を33重量%アマニ油粘度が8.0Pa・sとなるよう調整し、0.02MPaで10分間減圧、冷却して固形ポリエステル樹脂を得た。こうして得られたポリエステル樹脂の脂肪族炭化水素系溶剤(商品名 0号ソルベント、新日本石油(株)製)溶液のトレランスは1.3g/g、酸価は11.2、軟化点は171℃、重量平均分子量は165,000であった。これらの物性を表1に示す。
【0047】
実施例2
製造例1と同様の反応容器に、成分(a)として重合ロジン(商品名 シルバタック140、シルバケム社製、酸価140)341部および製造例1で得た成分(a)97部、製造例2で得た成分(e)413部を仕込み、これを窒素雰囲気下に攪拌しながら190℃まで昇温して溶融した。ついで、成分(d)としてペンタエリスリトール21部およびグリセリン21部、成分(c)として、1,2−エポキシオクタデカン69部、成分(b)として1−ヒドロキシ−1−シクロプロパンカルボン酸38部を添加して攪拌下に260℃まで昇温し、酸価が30以下となったらパラトルエンスルホン酸1部を仕込み、酸価が20以下となるまで反応させた。その後、反応系を33重量%アマニ粘度が8.0Pa・sとなるよう調整し、0.02MPaで10分間減圧、冷却して固形ポリエステル樹脂を得た。こうして得られたポリエステル樹脂のトレランス、酸価、軟化点および重量平均分子量を表1に示す。
【0048】
実施例3
実施例1と同様の反応装置に、炭素数16、18のα―オレフィン(商品名 ダイアレン168、三菱化学(株)製)238部を仕込み、窒素雰囲気下に攪拌しながら155〜180℃の温度範囲まで昇温した。ついで、無水マレイン酸98部とジ−t−ブチルパーオキサイド(商品名 パーブチルD、日本油脂(株)製)13.5部を1時間かけて連続的に添加した。更に155〜160℃で1時間保温した後、ステアリルアルコール271部を添加して、220℃で4時間反応させた。こうして得られた成分(c)(重量平均分子量43,000)を90部、成分(a)として重合ロジン(商品名 シルバタック140、シルバケム社製、酸価140)345部および製造例1で得た不飽和酸変性ロジン55部、成分(e)として製造例2で得た極性基含有石油樹脂416部を攪拌機、分水器付き還流冷却管および温度計を備えた反応装置に仕込み、これを窒素雰囲気下に攪拌しながら180℃まで昇温して溶融した。ついで、成分(d)としてペンタエリスリトール28部およびグリセリン28部、成分(b)としてp−ヒドロキシ安息香酸38部を添加し、攪拌下に260℃まで昇温し、酸価が20以下となるまで反応させた。その後、反応系の33重量%アマニ油粘度が8.0Pa・sとなるよう調整し、0.02MPaで10分間減圧、冷却して固形ポリエステル樹脂を得た。こうして得られたポリエステル樹脂のトレランス、酸価、軟化点および重量平均分子量を表1に示す。
【0049】
実施例4
実施例1と同様の反応容器に、成分(e)として製造例2で得た極性基含有石油樹脂404部を仕込み、これを窒素雰囲気下に攪拌しながら200℃まで昇温し、溶融した。ついで、成分(c)としてオクタデシルアミン56部を添加し、200℃で2時間保温した後、成分(a)として重合ロジン(商品名 シルバタック140、シルバケム社製、酸価140)335部および製造例1で得た不飽和酸変性ロジン119部を仕込み、溶融した。その後、成分(d)としてペンタエリスリトール24部およびグリセリン24部、成分(b)として12−ヒドロキシステアリン酸38部を添加し、攪拌下に260℃まで昇温、酸価が30以下となったらパラトルエンスルホン酸1部を仕込み、酸価が20以下となるまで反応させた。その後、反応系の33重量%アマニ油粘度が8.0Pa・sとなるよう調整し、0.02MPaで10分間減圧し、冷却して固形ポリエステル樹脂を得た。こうして得られたポリエステル樹脂のトレランス、酸価、軟化点および重量平均分子量を表1に示す。
【0050】
比較例1
実施例1において成分(b)を使用しない以外は同様の手順により固形ポリエステル樹脂を得た。該樹脂のトレランス、酸価、軟化点および重量平均分子量を表1に示す。
【0051】
比較例2
実施例2において成分(b)を使用しない以外は同様の手順により固形ポリエステル樹脂を得た。該樹脂のトレランス、酸価、軟化点および重量平均分子量を表1に示す。
【0052】
比較例3
実施例3において成分(b)を使用しない以外は同様の手順により固形ポリエステル樹脂を得た。該樹脂のトレランス、酸価、軟化点および重量平均分子量を表1に示す。
【0053】
比較例4
実施例4において成分(b)を使用しない以外は同様の手順により固形ポリエステル樹脂を得た。該樹脂のトレランス、酸価、軟化点および重量平均分子量を表1に示す。
【0054】
比較例5
実施例1と同様の反応容器に、成分(a)としてガムロジン552部を仕込み、これを窒素雰囲気下に攪拌しながら230℃まで昇温して溶融した。ついで、成分(d)としてペンタエリスリトール52部、および酸化亜鉛2部を添加し、攪拌下に260度まで昇温し、酸価が20以下となるまで反応させた。ついでこれを230℃まで冷却した後保温状態におき、製造例3で得たレゾール型ノニルフェノールの70%キシレン溶液394部(固形分276部)を230〜260℃の温度範囲内で4時間かけて系内へ滴下した。滴下終了後、反応系の33重量%アマニ油粘度が8.0Pa・sとなるよう調整し、0.02MPaで10分間減圧し、冷却して固形ポリエステル樹脂を得た。こうして得られたロジン変性フェノール樹脂のトレランス、酸価、軟化点および重量平均分子量を表1に示す。
【0055】
【表1】
【0056】
(ゲルワニスの調整A)
実施例1で得たポリエステル樹脂45.0部、大豆油10部および脂環族炭化水素系溶剤(商品名 AFソルベント7号、新日本石油(株)製)45.0部を180℃にて30分混合溶解しワニスを得た。このワニスを60℃まで冷却した後アルミキレート(商品名 ALCH、川研ファインケミカル(株)製)1.0部を加え、190℃まで昇温、1時間保温し、ゲルワニスを得た。実施例2〜4および比較例1〜5得た樹脂についても同様の手順によりゲルワニスを調整した。
【0057】
(インキの調整A)
前記各ゲルワニスを用い、表2に示した配合割合で三本ロールミルを使用して練肉し、印刷インキを調整した。
【0058】
【表2】
上記配合に基づいてインキのタック値が6.5±0.5、フロー値が41.0±1.0となるよう適宜調整した。
【0059】
(インキの性能試験A)
タック値:インキ1.3mlをインコメーター(東洋精機(株)製)上に展開し、ロール温度30℃、400rpmで1分間回転させ、値を読み取った。結果を表3に示す。
フロー値:インキ約2mlをスプレッドメーター(熊谷理機工業(株)製)の試料穴に入れ、インキの上面を固定版の上面と同一面となるようへらでかきとり、荷重板を落下させた。同心円状に広がったインキの1分後の直径値を読み取った。結果を表3に示す。
光沢:インキ0.4mlをRIテスター(石川島産業機械(株))にてアート紙に展色した後、20℃、65%R.H.にて24時間調湿し、60°−60°の反射率を光沢計により測定した。光沢は数値が大きいほど良好である。結果を表3に示す。
乾燥性:インキ0.4mlをRIテスター(石川島産業機械(株)製)にてアート紙に展色した後、160℃の雰囲気中に2秒、4秒、6秒間それぞれ暴露し、指触によりべたつきのない状態を乾燥として判断した。乾燥性は数値が小さいほど良好であることを示す。結果を表3に示す。
ミスチング:インキ2.6mlをインコメーター(東洋精機(株)製)上に展開し、ロール温度30℃、400rpmで1分間、更に1800rpmで2分間回転させ、ロール直下に置いた白色紙上へのインキの飛散度を観察して評価を行った。ミスチングは数値が大きいほど良好であることを示す。
乳化率:インキ3.9mlを動的乳化試験機(日本レオロジー機器(株)製)上に展開し、ロール温度30℃、200rpmにて純水を5ml/分の速度で供給し、このインキ中の水分量を、赤外水分計を用いて測定した。乳化率は数値が小さいほど良好であることを示す。結果を表3に示す。
【0060】
【表3】
【0061】
(ゲルワニスの調整B)
実施例1で得た樹脂45部、大豆油55部を180℃にて30分混合溶解してワニスを得た。このワニスを60℃まで冷却した後、アルミキレート(商品名 ALCH、川研ファインケミカル(株)製)0.5部を加え、190℃まで昇温し、一時間保温してゲルワニスを得た。実施例2〜4および比較例1〜5で得た樹脂についても同様の手順に従いゲルワニスを調整した。
【0062】
(インキの調整B)
前記方法で得た各ゲルワニスを用い、表4に示した配合割合で三本ロールミルを使用して練肉し、印刷インキを調整した。
【0063】
【表4】
上記配合に基づいてインキのタック値が7.0±0.5、フロー値が35.0±1.0となるよう適宜調整した。
【0064】
(インキの性能試験B)
タック値:インキ1.3mlをインコメーター(東洋精機(株)製)上に展開し、ロール温度30℃、400rpmで1分間回転させ、値を読み取った。結果を表5に示す。
フロー値:インキの約2mlをスプレッドメーター(熊谷理機工業(株)製)の試料穴に入れ、インキの上面を固定版の上面と同一面になるよう、へらでかきとり、荷重板を落下させた。同心円状に広がったインキの1分後の直径値を読み取った。結果を表5に示す。
光沢:インキ0.27mlをRIテスター(石川島産業機械(株)製)にてアート紙に展色した後、20℃、65%R.H.にて24時間調湿し、60°−60°の反射率により測定した。光沢は数値が大きいほど良好である。結果を表5に示す。
乾燥性:インキ0.27mlをRIテスター(石川島産業機械(株)製)にて硫酸紙に展色した後、展色面に硫酸紙を重ねてC型乾燥試験機((株)東洋精機製作所製)にあて紙用硫酸紙が外側になるように回転ドラムに巻き付けた。おもりおよび押し圧歯車をあて紙用硫酸紙の上に静かに降ろし、ドラムを回転させ、押し圧歯車の歯形がほとんど移らなくなった時間を乾燥時間とする。乾燥性は数値が小さいほど良好であることを示す。結果を表5に示す。
ミスチング:インキ2.6mlをインコメーター(東洋精機(株)製)上に展開し、ロール温度30℃、400rpmで1分間、更に1200rpmで2分間回転させ、ロール直下に置いた白色紙上へのインキの飛散度を観察して評価を行った。ミスチングは数値が大きいほど良好であることを示す。結果を表5に示す。
乳化率:インキ3.9mlを動的乳化試験機(日本レオロジー機器(株)製)上に展開し、ロール温度30℃、200rpmにて純水を5ml/分の速度で供給し、このインキ中の水分量を赤外水分計によって測定した。乳化率は数値が小さいほど良好であることを示す。結果を表5に示す。
【0065】
【表5】
【0066】
表3および表5の結果より、本発明のポリエステル樹脂(実施例1〜4)を使用した印刷インキは、ロジン変性フェノール樹脂(比較例5)を使用した印刷インキと同等またはそれ以上の性能を有することが分かる。また、成分(b)であるヒドロキシ酸類を構成成分としないポリエステル樹脂(比較例1〜4)を使用した印刷インキと比較して光沢が優れていることが分かる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention,The present invention relates to a printing ink binder and printing ink. More specifically, a polyester resin that does not contain substances such as formaldehyde that have a heavy load on the environment and the human body.TheThe present invention relates to a printing ink binder as a main component, and printing inks such as offset printing ink, newspaper ink, letterpress printing ink, gravure printing ink using the printing ink binder.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The rosin-modified phenolic resin mainly composed of rosins, condensates of alkylphenols and formaldehyde, polyols, etc. has a high softening point, high viscosity, high gelling ability, and excellent solubility in ink solvents. Conventionally, it has been awarded as a binder for printing ink, particularly as a binder for printing ink for offset.
[0003]
However, alkylphenol formaldehyde condensates, which are the main raw materials for rosin-modified phenolic resins, generate wastewater containing formaldehyde at the time of production. In recent years, environmental problems such as air pollution due to volatile organic compounds (VOC) and safety of the work environment have occurred. Hygiene issues have been pointed out. In addition, the rosin-modified phenolic resin has also been pointed out as a problem that formaldehyde is generated in the heat drying step of printing ink using the resin.
[0004]
Under such circumstances, development of a binder for offset printing ink that does not use formaldehyde as a raw material has been awaited. For example, petroleum resin is used instead of rosin-modified phenolic resin to alleviate the problems of rosin-modified phenolic resin. Attempts have been made to use it. However, generally known petroleum resins have a small number of functional groups in the molecule and a small three-dimensional structure, so that the printing ability is low, such as low gelling ability, large misting, and insufficient gloss. Since it was insufficient, the rosin-modified phenolic resin and the petroleum resin were used together, but the petroleum resin was not used alone as a binder for offset printing ink.
[0005]
In addition, as a countermeasure, a method of using a polyester resin instead of a rosin-modified phenolic resin has been considered, but a generally known polyester resin has a high softening point, but its molecular weight is low, so misting is poor, and a polar group is used. Since it is contained in a large amount, the suitability for emulsification was not at a practical level, and the printability was insufficient. Thus, since the required performance for the binder for offset printing inks is diverse, it has been difficult to satisfy these various performances with resins other than rosin-modified phenolic resins so far.
[0006]
Until now, the present inventors have developed a resin that does not use an alkylphenol formaldehyde condensate as a raw material and has characteristics such as a high softening point, a high viscosity, and a high solubility comparable to a rosin-modified phenol resin. However, since the resin does not have a phenolic hydroxyl group that contributes to wettability with the pigment, the printability of a printed matter in which gloss is important cannot be sufficiently satisfied. As a means to solve this problem, if a technique such as increasing the amount of polar components such as polybasic acid and polyol is adopted to increase the polarity of the resin, the emulsification rate of the ink becomes high and the balance of various ink performances is kept moderate. It was difficult.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The object of the present invention is to reduce the influence on the environment and the human body by not using an alkylphenol formaldehyde condensate, to have various physical properties comparable to the conventionally known rosin-modified phenolic resin, and to give an excellent gloss to printed matter Polyester resinTheIt is to provide a printing ink binder containing the printing ink, and a printing ink containing the printing ink binder.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventor has hydroxy acids as essential components.ThePolyester resinBinder for printing ink containingAccording to the present invention, the present inventors have found that the above problems can be solved intensively and have completed the present invention.
[0009]
That is, the present invention relates to rosins (a) (hereinafter referred to as component (a)), hydroxy acids (b) (hereinafter referred to as component (b)), fatty acids, aliphatic polybasic acids, aliphatic monoalcohols. , Aliphatic dialcohols, aliphatic monoamines, aliphatic monoepoxies, and polymers comprising carboxylic acids and hydrophobic polymerizable unsaturated compounds, and hydrophobic compounds having reactivity with the carboxylic acids in the polymers And at least one selected from the group consisting of resins (hereinafter referred to as component (c)), polyols (d) (hereinafter referred to as component (d)), and polarity Polyester resin obtained by reacting group-containing petroleum resin (e) (hereinafter referred to as component (e))Binder for printing ink containing;Binder for printing inkManufacturing method;The present invention relates to a printing ink containing the printing ink binder.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
First, the present inventionMake a binder for printing inkPolyester resin (Hereinafter referred to as the polyester resin of the present invention)The component (a) to the component (e) constituting the component will be described.
[0011]
Examples of the component (a) used in the production of the polyester resin of the present invention include natural rosins such as gum rosin, tall oil rosin and wood rosin; polymerized rosin derived from the natural rosin; disproportionate the natural rosin and polymerized rosin Or a stabilized rosin obtained by hydrogenation; and an unsaturated acid-modified rosin obtained by adding an unsaturated carboxylic acid to the natural rosin or polymerized rosin. The unsaturated acid-modified rosin is, for example, maleic acid-modified rosin, maleic anhydride-modified rosin, fumaric acid-modified rosin, itaconic acid-modified rosin, crotonic acid-modified rosin, cinnamic acid-modified rosin, acrylic acid-modified rosin, methacrylic acid rosin, Acid-modified rosins and the like, or acid-modified polymerized rosins corresponding to these, are used, and the unsaturated acid-modified rosin usually uses about 1 to 30 parts by weight of the corresponding unsaturated carboxylic acid with respect to 100 parts by weight of the raw material rosin. Modified.
[0012]
Among the components (a), since the polyester resin of the present invention can be made high in molecular weight, those containing a rosin species having two or more carboxyl groups in the molecule can be preferably used. A resin containing a polymerized rosin and / or an unsaturated acid-modified polymerized rosin can be particularly preferably used since the solubility of the resin in the ink solvent and the softening point can be increased. In the latter case, the polymerized rosin and / or unsaturated acid-modified polymerized rosin is preferably used in a range of 40% by weight or more based on the total amount of component (a).
[0013]
Charge amount of component (a) with respect to total charge amount of component (a) to component (e)IsUsually about 10 to 74% by weightIs. By making the preparation amount of the component (a) 10% by weight or more, the molecular weight of the polyester resin of the present invention can be made a desired molecular weight. Moreover, by setting it as 74 weight% or less, the solubility to the solvent of the said polyester resin can be improved, or the emulsifiability of the printing ink using this resin can be improved.
[0014]
As the component (b) used in the production of the polyester resin of the present invention, hydroxy acids having a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group in the same molecule are used, and aliphatic hydroxy acids, alicyclic hydroxy acids, aromatic hydroxy acids and the like. Examples thereof include lactones that are products of intramolecular dehydration condensation of hydroxy acids. Specifically, those having about 2 to 40 total carbon atoms are preferably used as the aliphatic hydroxy acids, and examples thereof include lactic acid, malic acid, citric acid, castor oil fatty acid, and 12-hydroxystearic acid. Further, as the alicyclic hydroxy acid, specifically, those having a total carbon number of about 4 to 40 are preferably used. For example, hydroxycyclopropanecarboxylic acid such as 1-hydroxy-1-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid is used. Can be mentioned. Further, as the aromatic hydroxy acids, those having a total carbon number of about 7 to 40 are preferably used, and examples include salicylic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid and the like. . Examples of the lactones include γ-butyrolactone, γ-caprolactone, δ-dodecanolactone, ω-pentadecalactone, and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0015]
Charge amount of component (b) relative to total charge amount of component (a) to component (e)Is3-12% by weightIs. The gloss of the printing surface of a printing ink can be improved by making the preparation amount of a component (b) into 3 weight% or more. Moreover, the drying property, misting, and emulsification rate of the ink using the resin obtained by setting it as 12 weight% or less can be adjusted easily.
[0016]
Examples of the component (c) used for producing the polyester resin of the present invention include fatty acids, aliphatic polybasic acids, aliphatic monoalcohols, aliphatic dialcohols, aliphatic monoamines, and aliphatic monoepoxies. Furthermore, a resin obtained by partially reacting a polymer comprising a carboxylic acid and a hydrophobic polymerizable unsaturated compound with a hydrophobic compound having reactivity with the carboxylic acid in the polymer is also included. As the component (c), at least one selected from the group consisting of these is used.
[0017]
As the fatty acids and aliphatic polybasic acids, those having a total carbon number of about 10 to 40 are preferably used, and fatty acids, alkyl succinic acids and anhydrides thereof, which may be linear, branched or cyclic, and these Corresponding alkenyl succinic acid and its anhydride, α, ω-dicarboxylic acids, unsaturated carboxylic acid-added higher fatty acids, dimer acid, etc. are mentioned, specifically capric acid, undecanoic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid Acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, serotic acid, montanic acid, melicic acid, caproleic acid, Linderic acid, fizeteric acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, gondoic acid, cetreic acid, ceracoleic acid, ximenoic acid Lumecitric acid, linoleic acid, eleostearic acid, linolenic acid, arachid Linear fatty acids such as acid, sardic acid, herring acid, stearolic acid, and monomeric acids; branched fatty acids such as isoacids and tuberculostearic acid; cyclic fatty acids such as malvalic acid and shawl moulinic acid; linear , Α-olefin oligomer which may be branched or cyclic, or linear, branched or cyclic internal olefin oligomer formed by oligomerization of ethylene, propylene and the like and maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid , A compound obtained by subjecting an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid such as crotonic acid or cinnamic acid to an addition reaction such as an ene addition reaction, and a hydride of the compound; octenyl succinic acid, octenyl succinic anhydride, decenyl succinic acid, decenyl anhydride Succinic acid, dodecenyl succinic acid, dodecenyl succinic anhydride, tetradecenyl succinic acid, tetra Cenyl succinic anhydride, hexadecenyl succinic acid, hexadecenyl succinic anhydride, octadecenyl succinic acid, octadecenyl succinic anhydride, eicosenyl succinic acid, eicosenyl succinic anhydride, methyl undecenyl succinic acid, methyl undeceth Nyl succinic anhydride, allyl cyclopentenyl succinic acid, allyl cyclopentenyl succinic anhydride, octyl succinic acid, octyl succinic anhydride, decyl succinic acid, decyl succinic anhydride, dodecyl succinic acid, dodecyl succinic anhydride, tetradecyl succinic acid, tetradecyl Succinic anhydride, hexadecyl succinic acid, hexadecyl succinic anhydride, octadecyl succinic acid, octadecyl succinic anhydride, methyl undecyl succinic acid, methyl undecyl succinic anhydride, allylcyclopentyl succinic acid, allyl cyclopentyl Succinic anhydride, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, tetradecanedioic acid, hexadecanedioic acid, octadecanedioic acid, eicosanedioic acid, docosanedioic acid, tetracosanedioic acid, hexacosanedioic acid, octacosanedioic acid, triacontanedioic acid, acrylic acid , Methacrylic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, cinnamic acid and other semi-drying oils such as tung oil, linseed oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, dehydrated castor oil Or compounds obtained by addition reaction with higher fatty acids obtained from drying oil; dimerization using unsaturated fatty acids such as beef tallow oleic acid, tall oil fatty acid, soybean oil fatty acid, etc., and montmorillonite clay as a catalyst The dimer acid etc. which were made can be illustrated. In addition, the commercial item of this dimer acid can be easily obtained as what contains C36 dimer acid and C54 trimer acid which is a by-product.
[0018]
Examples of the aliphatic monoalcohols, aliphatic dialcohols, aliphatic monoamines, and aliphatic monoepoxies include aliphatic monoalcohols having about 10 to 40 carbon atoms, and aliphatics having about 10 to 40 carbon atoms. Examples include dialcohols, aliphatic monoamines having about 10 to 40 carbon atoms, and aliphatic monoepoxies having about 10 to 40 carbon atoms. Specific examples include decyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, and cetyl alcohol. , Stearyl alcohol, eicosanol, docosanol, tetracosanol, hexacosanol, octacosanol, triacontanol, oleyl alcohol, isotridecyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, geraniol, rosin alcohol, bisabolol, lanolin alcohol, decanodiol Dodecanediol, tetradecanediol, hexadecanediol, octadecanediol, decenediol, dodecenediol, tetradecenediol, hexadecenediol, octadecenediol, lanolin alcohol, dimer acid hydrogenated diol, decylamine, dodecylamine, tetradecylamine, Hexadecylamine, octadecylamine, octadecenylamine, beef tallow alkylamine, soybean alkylamine, dioctadecylamine, dioctadecenylamine, 1,2-epoxyhexane, 1,2-epoxyoctane, 1,2-epoxydecane Examples include 1,2-epoxydodecane, 1,2-epoxytetradecane, 1,2-epoxyhexadecane, 1,2-epoxyoctadecane, and ethylhexyl glycidyl ether.
[0019]
As described above, as component (c), a polymer comprising a carboxylic acid and a hydrophobic polymerizable unsaturated compound is partially reacted with a hydrophobic compound having reactivity with the carboxylic acid in the polymer. The resin is exemplified, but specific examples of the carboxylic acids used as the component of the resin include, for example, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, cinnamic acid, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, etc. Can be given. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more, and the amount used can be arbitrarily changed within a range in which the component (c) can have an appropriate molecular weight. The hydrophobic polymerizable unsaturated compound includes (1) an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon monomer having about 2 to 50 carbon atoms, (2) an alicyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon monomer having about 5 to 50 carbon atoms, (3) Aromatic hydrocarbon monomers having about 8 to 50 carbon atoms, (4) rosins, (5) higher unsaturated fatty acids, and (6) unsaturated oils. Specific examples of the compound (1) include ethylene, propylene, 1-n-butene, dipropylene, diisobutylene, tripropylene, tributylene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1 -Tetradecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-octadecene, 1-eicosene, 1-docosene, 1-tetracocene, 1-hexacocene, 1-octacosene, 1-triacontene, 1-dotriacontene, 1-tetratriacontaten, 1 -Α-olefins such as hexatriacontene, 1-octatriacontene and 1-tetracontane, butadiene, unsaturated polyolefin and the like. Specific examples of the compound (2) include cyclopentene, cyclohexene, allylcyclopentane, vinylcyclohexane and the like. Specific examples of the compound (3) include styrene and α-methylstyrene. Specific examples of the compound (4) correspond to compounds having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond in the molecule as component (a). Specific examples of the compounds (5) and (6) include semi-drying oils or drying oils such as tung oil, linseed oil, safflower oil, soybean oil, dehydrated castor oil, or higher unsaturated fatty acids obtained therefrom. Can be mentioned. The compounds (1) to (6) can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, other monomers and compounds may be used in combination as long as the characteristics of the present invention are not impaired, and the amount used can be arbitrarily changed within a range in which the polyester resin of the present invention can have an appropriate molecular weight. Examples of the hydrophobic compound having reactivity with the carboxylic acids include (i) an aliphatic monoalcohol having about 6 to 50 carbon atoms, (ii) an aliphatic dialcohol having about 6 to 50 carbon atoms, and (iii) Examples thereof include aliphatic monoamines having about 6 to 50 carbon atoms, and (iv) aliphatic monoepoxy having about 6 to 50 carbon atoms. The compound (i) may be linear, branched or cyclic, and the structure is not particularly limited. Specific examples include hexanol, octanol, decyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, eicosanol, docosanol, tetracosanol, hexacosanol, octacosanol, triacontanol, oleyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexanol, Examples include isotridecyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, geraniol, rosin alcohol, bisabolol, and lanolin alcohol. The compound (ii) may be linear, branched or cyclic, and the structure is not particularly limited. Specific examples include hexanediol, octanediol, decanediol, dodecanediol, tetradecanediol, hexadecanediol, octadecanediol, decenediol, dodecenediol, tetradecenediol, hexadecenediol, octadecenediol, lanolin alcohol, dimer acid. And hydrogenated diol. The compound (iii) may be linear, branched or cyclic, and its structure is not particularly limited. Specific examples include hexylamine, octylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, tetradecylamine, hexadecylamine, octadecylamine, octadecenylamine, tallow alkylamine, soy alkylamine, dioctadecylamine, dioctadecenylamine, etc. Is mentioned. The compound (iv) may be linear, branched or cyclic, and the structure is not particularly limited. As specific examples, 1,2-epoxyhexane, 1,2-epoxyoctane, 1,2-epoxydecane, 1,2-epoxydodecane, 1,2-epoxytetradecane, 1,2-epoxyhexadecane, 1,2 -Epoxy octadecane, ethylhexyl glycidyl ether, etc. are mentioned.
[0020]
The polymer can be obtained by a known polymerization reaction such as a radical polymerization reaction, a thermal polymerization reaction, or an ionic polymerization reaction using the carboxylic acid and the hydrophobic polymerizable unsaturated compound as raw materials. In carrying out these reactions, an initiator or a catalyst may not be used. In the case of radical polymerization reaction, an azo initiator such as azobisisobutyronitrile, di-t-butyl peroxide, peroxide. Initiators such as benzoyl, dicumyl peroxide, potassium persulfate, and aqueous hydrogen peroxide can be used. In the case of cationic polymerization, various known catalysts such as a protonic acid such as sulfuric acid, a co-catalyst composed of Lewis acid such as boron trifluoride and aluminum chloride, water, alcohol and ether can be used. In the case of anionic polymerization, initiators such as NaR, RMgX, ROK (R represents an alkyl group, X represents a halogen atom), pyridine, and a coordinated anion initiator such as a Ziegler-Natta catalyst or a metallocene catalyst are used. it can. These initiators and catalysts are used in an amount of about 0.01 to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the carboxylic acid and the hydrophobic polymerizable unsaturated compound. Moreover, it is not necessary to use a solvent in the case of reaction, However, When using, various well-known things can be used. As the solvent, those that can sufficiently dissolve the raw material at the temperature at which the polymerization reaction is carried out and that can dissolve the reaction product are preferably used, and particularly those that are inert to the unsaturated carboxylic acids and do not significantly inhibit the polymerization reaction. Preferably used. Specific examples of the solvent include aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, alicyclic hydrocarbons such as methylcyclohexane and ethylcyclohexane, fats such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, amyl acetate, cellosolve acetate, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate. Group esters and the like. The reaction temperature may be determined depending on the kind of the initiator and the catalyst, but is usually about room temperature to 200 ° C.
[0021]
The polymer;ConcernedIn the polymerCarboxyl groupA resin obtained by partially reacting with a hydrophobic compound having reactivity with respect to the polymer is a modified product obtained by reacting about 20 to 80% of the carboxyl group in the polymer with the hydrophobic compound, When the polymer is highly hydrophobic, the modification rate is preferably low, and when the polymer is low, the modification rate is preferably high. In addition, carboxylic acids that are constituents of the component (c) and the carboxylic acidsCarboxyl groupThe esterification of a hydrophobic compound that is reactive to the reaction of the resinobjectIt can also be used.
[0022]
The resin thus obtained generally has a weight average molecular weight of preferably about 2,000 to 30,000. When the weight average molecular weight is smaller than 2,000, the polyester resin of the present invention can be obtained by concentrating hydrophobic groups. It becomes difficult to sufficiently improve the solubility, and when it is larger than 30,000, the polyester resin is gelled or increased in viscosity, so that the reaction control tends to be difficult.
[0023]
Charge amount of component (c) relative to total charge amount of component (a) to component (e)Is3-10% by weightIs. When the component (c) is less than 3% by weight, the solubility of the polyester resin of the present invention in the solvent tends to be low, and when the component is more than 10% by weight, the desired molecular weight tends to be difficult.
[0024]
Examples of the component (d) used in the production of the polyester resin of the present invention include dipentaerythritol, pentaerythritol, diglycerin, glycerin, ditrimethylolpropane, trimethylolpropane, ditrimethylolethane, trimethylolethane, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol. And neopentyl glycol. In addition, what was mentioned above as an aliphatic dialcohol of a component (c) can also be used. Conventional polyols can be exemplified as polyol components of rosin-modified phenolic resins.
[0025]
Among the components (d), since the softening point and molecular weight of the polyester resin of the present invention and the misting and emulsification rate of the printing ink of the present invention are easily controlled, the molecules such as glycerin, trimethylol pullane, trimethylolethane, etc. A trihydric alcohol having 4 or less carbon atoms in the longest carbon chain, or pentaerythritol, diglycerin, ditrimethylolpropane, ditrimethylolethane or the like having 4 or less carbon atoms in the longest carbon chain of the molecule 4 It is preferable to use a monohydric alcohol.
[0026]
The amount of the component (d) used is not particularly limited, but when designing the polyester resin of the present invention, the resin is made to have a desired molecular weight, and the emulsification characteristics of the printing ink of the present invention are appropriate. It is preferable to use the ratio of the total number of hydroxyl group equivalents to the total number of carboxyl group equivalents in each component of component (e) so that the equivalent ratio OH / COOH is usually about 0.5 to 1. In calculating OH / COOH, among the aliphatic monoamines in component (c), the secondary amine is regarded as monovalent, the primary amine is regarded as divalent, the number of equivalents of the amino group = the number of equivalents of the OH And the total number of equivalents of OH including the number of equivalents of OH. And the aliphatic monoepoxy in a component (c) is considered as a bihydric alcohol, and makes it the total number of equivalents including the equivalent number of the said OH. The amount of component (d) charged relative to the total amount of components (a) to (e)IsUsually about 3-10% by weightIs. When the component (d) is less than 3% by weight, the polyester resin of the present invention tends to be difficult to have a desired molecular weight, and when it is more than 10% by weight, the emulsification characteristics of the ink of the present invention tend not to be appropriate. It is in.
[0027]
The component (e) used in the production of the polyester resin of the present invention corresponds to a petroleum resin having a double bond in the molecule and a polar group such as a carboxyl group or a hydroxyl group. Examples of the petroleum resin having a double bond in the molecule include DCPD petroleum resins obtained from DCPD raw materials such as cyclopentadiene and dicyclopentadiene, C5 petroleum obtained from C5 raw materials of pentene, cyclopentene, pentadiene and isoprene. Resin, methylbutene, indene, methylindene, vinyltoluene, styrene, α-methylstyrene, β-methylstyrene, C9-based petroleum resin obtained from C9-based materials, copolymerized petroleum resin composed of DCPD-based materials and C5-based materials , Copolymerized petroleum resin composed of DCPD-based material and C9-based material, copolymerized petroleum resin composed of C5-based material and C9-based material, copolymerized petroleum resin composed of DCPD-based material, C5-based material and C9-based material, etc. Usually, these resins are non-catalytic or catalytic (for example, by cationic polymerization In the presence of Friedel-Crafts type catalysts). Among these, a petroleum resin containing a DCPD-based raw material as a component is particularly preferable because a polar group can be easily imparted and it can be easily adjusted to a desired softening point. Specifically, DCPD-based petroleum resin, copolymerized petroleum resin composed of DCPC-based material and C5-based material, copolymerized petroleum resin composed of DCPD-based material and C9-based material, DCPD-based material, C5-based material and C9-based material Copolymerized petroleum resins are preferred.
[0028]
As a method for introducing a polar group into the various petroleum resins described above, known methods can be employed. For example, when a carboxyl group is introduced as a polar group, the above-mentioned various petroleum resins and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, cinnamon A method in which an unsaturated carboxylic acid such as an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid such as an acid is subjected to a radical copolymerization reaction in the presence of a known radical reaction initiator, or a method in which the petroleum resin and the unsaturated carboxylic acid are subjected to an ene reaction Etc. can be adopted. Of these, the radical copolymerization reaction is preferred because the misting resistance of the printing ink of the present invention is improved. Further, the amount of unsaturated carboxylic acids used is preferably about 1 to 15 parts by weight, preferably 100 parts by weight of the petroleum resin as a raw material, because the molecular weight of the polyester resin of the present invention is easily adjusted to a desired range. Use 1-12 parts by weight.
[0029]
In addition, for example, when a hydroxyl group is added as a polar group, the method is not particularly limited. For example, water is added to the double bond of the above-described petroleum resin, or a double group is present in a molecule such as allyl alcohol. Examples include a method of thermally polymerizing a compound having a bond and a hydroxyl group. In addition, as the component (e), those obtained by ene addition of the unsaturated carboxylic acids to those containing a hydroxyl group, or those obtained by radical copolymerization in the presence of a radical reaction initiator, the polyester resin of the present invention can be easily treated with a high molecular weight. It is preferably used because it can be made. In particular, radical copolymerization has the advantage that the misting resistance of the printing ink of the present invention can be improved. In this case, the unsaturated ratio is such that the number of equivalents of carboxyl groups is less than the number of equivalents of hydroxyl groups in component (e). Carboxylic acids may be reacted.
[0030]
In addition, when manufacturing a component (e), various well-known polymerizable unsaturated hydrocarbon monomers can also be copolymerized. As the monomer, a linear aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon monomer, a branched aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon monomer, a cyclic aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon monomer, and the like can be used. Specifically, 1-decene, 1- Dodecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-octadecene, 1-eicocene, 1-docosene, 1-tetracocene, 1-hexacocene, 1-octacocene, 1-triacontene, 1-dotriacontene, 1-tetratriair conditioner Examples thereof include ten, 1-hexatriatain, 1-octatriatain, 1-tetracontane, myrcene, polybutene (3 to 10-mer), pinene, and limonene. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The polymerizable unsaturated hydrocarbon monomer can be used without particular limitation as long as it does not depart from the object of the present invention, but is used in a range smaller than the number of moles of the unsaturated carboxylic acids for the purpose of increasing the reaction rate of the component (e). Is preferred. The weight average molecular weight of component (e) is preferably about 4,000 to 30,000. By setting the weight average molecular weight to 4,000 or more, the polyester resin of the present invention can be easily made to have a desired molecular weight. By setting the weight average molecular weight to 30,000 or less, the component (e) and other components constituting the polyester resin The reaction with can be easily controlled.
[0031]
In addition, a component (e) may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used as a 2 or more types of mixture. Further, as the component (e), those having two or more polar groups in the molecule are particularly preferably used for the purpose of increasing the molecular weight of the polyester resin of the present invention.
[0032]
Charge amount of component (e) relative to total charge amount of component (a) to component (e)IsUsually about 17-58% by weightIs. When the amount of component (e) used is less than 17% by weight, it tends to be difficult to make the emulsification characteristics of the present invention suitable, and when it is larger than 58% by weight, it is difficult to make the polyester resin of the present invention have a desired molecular weight. Tend to be.
The reester resin is suitably used as a binder for printing ink.
[0033]
Next, the manufacturing method of the polyester resin of this invention is demonstrated. The polyester resin of the present invention can be obtained by various known polyester resin production methods using the components (a) to (e) as raw materials. In the reaction, reaction conditions such as catalyst and reaction temperature are not particularly limited. For example, the components (a) to (e) are charged into the reactor in predetermined amounts, and if necessary, in the presence of various known acidic or basic catalysts, at a temperature range of about 100 to 300 ° C. for about 1 to 20 hours. What is necessary is just to make it react. Examples of the catalyst include mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, sulfonic acids such as methanesulfonic acid, paratoluenesulfonic acid and dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, metal oxides such as zinc oxide, magnesium oxide and calcium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, water Examples thereof include metal hydroxides such as calcium oxide, and acetates such as calcium acetate, magnesium acetate, and zinc acetate. Further, for the purpose of adjusting the polyester resin of the present invention to a desired molecular weight and softening point, epoxidized soybean oil, epoxidized linseed oil, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid and the like before and / or during the esterification reaction are used. A crosslinking agent can be added in any amount. Further, from the viewpoint of imparting water resistance to the printing surface of the printing ink, a polyorganosiloxane having a hydroxyalkyl or a hydrogen atom as a substituent of a silicon atom can be added.
[0034]
The polyester resin of the present invention obtained by the above method has a high softening point. The softening point is usually about 120 to 200 ° C., preferably about 140 to 200 ° C. (a value based on JIS K5601 and the same shall apply hereinafter). By making the softening point 140 ° C. or higher, the drying and setting properties of the printing ink of the present invention can be improved, and by maintaining it at 200 ° C. or lower, sufficient solubility in the ink solvent is maintained. Can do. The weight average molecular weight of the polyester resin of the present invention is about 30,000 to 400,000, preferably 50,000 to 200,000. If it is less than 30,000, it becomes difficult to obtain the desired viscosity, and if it is more than 400,000, insoluble matter tends to be generated when the resin is dissolved in the ink solvent. In addition, the solubility of the polyester resin of the present invention has sufficient solubility in a petroleum solvent containing almost no aromatic component. For example, Shin Nippon Oil Co., Ltd. No. 5 Solvent Tolerance is 2 g / g or more, preferably (Solvent tolerance (g / g) is an indicator of solubility. A resin solution obtained by heating and mixing a resin and a No. 5 solvent at a weight ratio of 1: 2 is further added to a No. 5 solvent at 25 ° C.) This is a value calculated from the resin weight relative to the total weight of the solvent required until the solution became cloudy. Moreover, when measuring highly soluble resin whose No. 5 solvent tolerance is 20 g / g or more, Nippon Oil Co., Ltd. No. 0 solvent is used. The polyester resin of the present invention has a 33 wt% linseed oil viscosity as high as about 4 to 15 Pa · s (25 ° C.) as measured by a cone-and-plate viscometer (33 wt% linseed oil viscosity is The resulting polyester resin and linseed oil heated and mixed at a weight ratio of 1: 2 are measured at 25 ° C. with a cone and plate viscometer (manufactured by Nippon Rheology Equipment Co., Ltd.)..
[0035]
The binder for printing inks of the present invention can be obtained as a gel varnish obtained by blending, for example, a vegetable oil, a gelling agent, and a solvent, if necessary, with the polyester resin of the present invention, and appropriately heating and dissolving them. In addition, when manufacturing the polyester resin of this invention, the vegetable oil which does not inhibit ester reaction, a gelatinizer, and the solvent etc. may be mix | blended further as needed. In addition, various known petroleum resins, alkyd resins, rosin esters, fatty acid esters and the like can be appropriately used in combination with the binder for printing inks of the present invention as long as the performance of the obtained printing ink is not impaired.
[0036]
Various known oils can be used without particular limitation as the vegetable oil. Specific examples include linseed oil, tung oil or polymerized oils thereof, safflower oil, dehydrated castor oil, soybean oil, etc., but vegetable oils having unsaturated bonds are preferred from the viewpoint of drying of printed matter, and environmental measures in recent years From the aspect, soybean oil is preferable.
[0037]
Examples of the gelling agent include known ones such as aluminum octylate, aluminum stearate, aluminum triisopropoxide, aluminum dipropoxide monoacetyl acetate.
[0038]
The solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is a petroleum solvent having a boiling point of about 200 ° C. or more and an aromatic hydrocarbon content of about 1% by weight or less, and various known solvents can be used. Specifically, Nippon Oil Corp. No. 0 Solvent, Nippon Oil Corp. AF4 Solvent, Nippon Oil Corp. AF5 Solvent, Nippon Oil Corp. AF6 Solvent, New Japan Examples include commercially available products such as AF7 Solvent manufactured by Petroleum Corporation.
[0039]
The printing ink of the present invention has a pigment (yellow, red, indigo or black), vegetable oil and / or a boiling point of about 200 ° C. or more and an aromatic hydrocarbon content of about 1% or less in the printing ink binder described above. A mixture obtained by blending various additives such as surfactants, waxes, dryers, etc. to improve ink fluidity and ink surface coating as the main component is a petroleum-based solvent, roll mill, ball mill , Kneading using a known ink manufacturing apparatus such as an attritor or a sand mill, and adjusting to an appropriate ink constant. In addition, it is preferable to mix | blend the compounding quantity of the binder by this invention used when manufacturing printing ink so that the resin solid content density | concentration for printing ink may be about 10 to 50 weight%.
[0040]
The ink of the present invention obtained in this way is particularly used as an offset printing ink such as offset sheet-fed ink (sheet-fed ink), offset rotary ink (off-wheel ink), waterless offset ink, It is also preferably used for newspaper ink, letterpress printing ink, and gravure printing ink.
[0041]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, since an alkylphenol formaldehyde condensate is not used, a printing ink resin having a high softening point, high viscosity, and high solubility comparable to that of a rosin-modified phenolic resin can be provided. In addition, when the polyester resin of the present invention is used as a binder for offset printing inks, the printing ink has emulsification characteristics, gloss, drying properties, misting characteristics, etc., that are equal to or higher than those of conventionally known rosin-modified phenolic resins. Therefore, it is possible to provide printing ink that meets today's requirements. Further, a printing ink comprising a printing ink binder using the printing ink resin, a vegetable oil and / or a petroleum solvent having a boiling point of 200 ° C. or more and an aromatic hydrocarbon content of 1% by weight or less, and optionally additives. By using, safety and health aspects such as environmental problems and work environment can be improved.
[0042]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to production examples and examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Hereinafter, “parts” means parts by weight.
[0043]
Production Example 1: (Production of component (a), unsaturated acid-modified rosin)
A reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser with a water separator and a thermometer was charged with 1,000 parts of gum rosin and heated to 180 ° C. with stirring in a nitrogen atmosphere to melt. Next, 267 parts of fumaric acid was charged and stirred under 230.
The temperature was raised to 0 ° C. and kept for 1 hour, and then cooled to obtain a solid resin of unsaturated acid-modified rosin. The resin acid value was 342.0 (according to JIS K5601; hereinafter the same).
[0044]
Production Example 2: (Production of component (e), polar group-containing petroleum resin)
In a reaction vessel similar to Production Example 1, 1,000 parts of DCPD petroleum resin (trade name Quinton 1325, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.) and 100 parts of xylene were charged, and the mixture was stirred up to 150 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere. It heated up and melted. Next, 70 parts of maleic anhydride was charged, and 6 parts of di-t-butyl peroxide (trade name: Perbutyl D, manufactured by Nippon Oil & Fats Co., Ltd.) was continuously added over 30 minutes. The reaction was kept for 5 hours. After the temperature is maintained, the reaction system is heated to 200 ° C. to remove xylene, depressurized at 0.02 MPa for 10 minutes, and then cooled to obtain a solid resin having a theoretical acid value of 75.0 and a weight average molecular weight of 5,000. Got. In addition, the said theoretical acid value is computed from the carboxyl group equivalent number of the raw material to be used. The weight average molecular weight was measured using polystyrene as a solvent and gel permeation chromatography (trade name HLC-8020) manufactured by Tosoh Corporation and a column (trade name TSK-GEL) manufactured by Tosoh Corporation. Refers to the converted value (hereinafter the same).
[0045]
Production Example 3: (Production of 70% resol-type nonylphenol xylene solution)
In a reaction vessel similar to Production Example 1, 1,000 parts of nonylphenol, 270 parts of paraformaldehyde and 1,000 parts of water were charged, and the temperature was raised to 50 ° C. with stirring. Then, 100 parts of sodium hydroxide was added at 50 ° C., and the temperature was gradually raised to 90 ° C. while cooling, and then kept warm for 2.5 hours, and sulfuric acid was added dropwise to adjust the pH to around 6. Thereafter, 150 parts of xylene was added, the aqueous layer part containing formaldehyde and the like was removed, and the mixture was cooled to obtain a 70% xylene solution of resol-type nonylphenol.
[0046]
Example 1
In the same reaction vessel as in Production Example 1, 355 parts of polymerized rosin (trade name: Silvatac 140, manufactured by Silvachem, acid value 140) as component (a) and 45 parts of unsaturated acid-modified rosin obtained in Production Example 1 (E) 424 parts of the polar group-containing petroleum resin obtained in Production Example 2 and 80 parts of an alkenyl succinic anhydride having 18 carbon atoms (trade name: Vapaveras NP, manufactured by Nippon Oil Corporation) as the component (c) The resulting mixture was heated to 180 ° C. and melted while stirring in a nitrogen atmosphere. Next, 29 parts of pentaerythritol and 29 parts of glycerin as component (d) and 38 parts of salicylic acid as component (b) were added and heated to 260 ° C. with stirring. When the acid value reached 30 or less, paratoluenesulfonic acid 1 part was charged and reacted until the acid value was 20 or less. Thereafter, the reaction system was adjusted so that the 33% by weight linseed oil viscosity was 8.0 Pa · s, and the pressure was reduced at 0.02 MPa for 10 minutes to cool the solid polyester resin. The polyester resin thus obtained in an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent (trade name: No. 0 solvent, manufactured by Nippon Oil Corporation) had a tolerance of 1.3 g / g, an acid value of 11.2, and a softening point of 171 ° C. The weight average molecular weight was 165,000. These physical properties are shown in Table 1.
[0047]
Example 2
In a reaction vessel similar to Production Example 1, 341 parts of polymerized rosin (trade name: Silvatac 140, manufactured by Silvachem, acid value 140) as component (a) and 97 parts of component (a) obtained in Production Example 1, Production Example 413 parts of the component (e) obtained in 2 were charged, and this was heated to 190 ° C. while being stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere and melted. Next, 21 parts of pentaerythritol and 21 parts of glycerin are added as component (d), 69 parts of 1,2-epoxyoctadecane as component (c), and 38 parts of 1-hydroxy-1-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid as component (b) Then, the temperature was raised to 260 ° C. with stirring. When the acid value became 30 or less, 1 part of paratoluenesulfonic acid was added, and the reaction was continued until the acid value became 20 or less. Thereafter, the reaction system was adjusted so that the 33% by weight linseed viscosity was 8.0 Pa · s, and reduced in pressure at 0.02 MPa for 10 minutes to obtain a solid polyester resin. Table 1 shows the tolerance, acid value, softening point, and weight average molecular weight of the polyester resin thus obtained.
[0048]
Example 3
In a reactor similar to that in Example 1, 238 parts of an α-olefin having a carbon number of 16 and 18 (trade name: Dialene 168, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) was charged, and a temperature of 155 to 180 ° C. was stirred while stirring in a nitrogen atmosphere. The temperature was raised to the range. Subsequently, 98 parts of maleic anhydride and 13.5 parts of di-t-butyl peroxide (trade name: Perbutyl D, manufactured by NOF Corporation) were continuously added over 1 hour. Furthermore, after keeping the temperature at 155 to 160 ° C. for 1 hour, 271 parts of stearyl alcohol was added and reacted at 220 ° C. for 4 hours. 90 parts of the component (c) thus obtained (weight average molecular weight 43,000) and 345 parts of a polymerized rosin (trade name: Silvatac 140, manufactured by Silvachem, acid value 140) as the component (a) and Production Example 1 were obtained. Then, 55 parts of unsaturated acid-modified rosin and 416 parts of the polar group-containing petroleum resin obtained in Production Example 2 as a component (e) were charged into a reactor equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser with a water separator and a thermometer. While stirring in a nitrogen atmosphere, the mixture was heated to 180 ° C. and melted. Next, 28 parts of pentaerythritol and 28 parts of glycerin are added as component (d), and 38 parts of p-hydroxybenzoic acid is added as component (b). The temperature is raised to 260 ° C. with stirring until the acid value reaches 20 or less. Reacted. Then, it adjusted so that the 33 weight% linseed oil viscosity of a reaction system might be set to 8.0 Pa * s, and it pressure-reduced and cooled for 10 minutes at 0.02 MPa, and obtained solid polyester resin. Table 1 shows the tolerance, acid value, softening point, and weight average molecular weight of the polyester resin thus obtained.
[0049]
Example 4
In a reaction vessel similar to that in Example 1, 404 parts of the polar group-containing petroleum resin obtained in Production Example 2 was charged as the component (e), and the mixture was heated to 200 ° C. with stirring in a nitrogen atmosphere and melted. Next, after adding 56 parts of octadecylamine as component (c) and incubating at 200 ° C. for 2 hours, 335 parts of polymerized rosin (trade name: Silvatac 140, manufactured by Silvachem, acid value 140) and production as component (a) 119 parts of the unsaturated acid-modified rosin obtained in Example 1 was charged and melted. Thereafter, 24 parts of pentaerythritol and 24 parts of glycerin are added as the component (d), and 38 parts of 12-hydroxystearic acid is added as the component (b). The temperature is raised to 260 ° C. with stirring, and when the acid value becomes 30 or less. 1 part of toluenesulfonic acid was charged and reacted until the acid value was 20 or less. Then, it adjusted so that the 33 weight% linseed oil viscosity of a reaction system might be set to 8.0 Pa.s, It pressure-reduced for 10 minutes at 0.02 MPa, and it cooled and obtained solid polyester resin. Table 1 shows the tolerance, acid value, softening point, and weight average molecular weight of the polyester resin thus obtained.
[0050]
Comparative Example 1
A solid polyester resin was obtained by the same procedure except that the component (b) was not used in Example 1. Table 1 shows the tolerance, acid value, softening point, and weight average molecular weight of the resin.
[0051]
Comparative Example 2
A solid polyester resin was obtained by the same procedure except that the component (b) was not used in Example 2. Table 1 shows the tolerance, acid value, softening point, and weight average molecular weight of the resin.
[0052]
Comparative Example 3
A solid polyester resin was obtained by the same procedure except that the component (b) was not used in Example 3. Table 1 shows the tolerance, acid value, softening point, and weight average molecular weight of the resin.
[0053]
Comparative Example 4
A solid polyester resin was obtained by the same procedure except that the component (b) was not used in Example 4. Table 1 shows the tolerance, acid value, softening point, and weight average molecular weight of the resin.
[0054]
Comparative Example 5
In a reaction vessel similar to that in Example 1, 552 parts of gum rosin was charged as component (a), and the mixture was heated to 230 ° C. with stirring in a nitrogen atmosphere and melted. Next, 52 parts of pentaerythritol and 2 parts of zinc oxide were added as component (d), the temperature was raised to 260 ° C. with stirring, and the reaction was continued until the acid value was 20 or less. Next, this was cooled to 230 ° C. and kept in a heat retaining state, and 394 parts of a 70% xylene solution of resole-type nonylphenol obtained in Production Example 3 (276 parts of a solid content) was placed in a temperature range of 230 to 260 ° C. over 4 hours. It was dripped into the system. After completion of dropping, the reaction system was adjusted so that the 33 wt% linseed oil viscosity was 8.0 Pa · s, reduced in pressure at 0.02 MPa for 10 minutes, and cooled to obtain a solid polyester resin. Table 1 shows the tolerance, acid value, softening point, and weight average molecular weight of the rosin-modified phenol resin thus obtained.
[0055]
[Table 1]
[0056]
(Gel varnish adjustment A)
45.0 parts of the polyester resin obtained in Example 1, 10 parts of soybean oil, and 45.0 parts of an alicyclic hydrocarbon solvent (trade name: AF Solvent No. 7, manufactured by Shin Nippon Oil Co., Ltd.) at 180 ° C. The mixture was dissolved for 30 minutes to obtain a varnish. After cooling this varnish to 60 ° C., 1.0 part of aluminum chelate (trade name: ALCH, manufactured by Kawaken Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.) was added, and the temperature was raised to 190 ° C. and kept for 1 hour to obtain a gel varnish. For the resins obtained in Examples 2 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5, gel varnish was prepared by the same procedure.
[0057]
(Ink adjustment A)
Using each gel varnish, the mixture was kneaded using a three-roll mill at the blending ratio shown in Table 2 to adjust the printing ink.
[0058]
[Table 2]
Based on the above formulation, the tack value of the ink was appropriately adjusted to 6.5 ± 0.5 and the flow value was adjusted to 41.0 ± 1.0.
[0059]
(Ink performance test A)
Tack value: 1.3 ml of ink was developed on an incometer (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd.) and rotated at a roll temperature of 30 ° C. and 400 rpm for 1 minute to read the value. The results are shown in Table 3.
Flow value: About 2 ml of ink was put into a sample hole of a spread meter (manufactured by Kumagai Riki Kogyo Co., Ltd.), the upper surface of the ink was scraped with a spatula so that it was flush with the upper surface of the fixed plate, and the load plate was dropped. The diameter value after 1 minute of the ink spreading concentrically was read. The results are shown in Table 3.
Gloss: After 0.4 ml of ink was developed on art paper with an RI tester (Ishikawajima Industrial Machinery Co., Ltd.), 20 ° C., 65% R.D. H. For 24 hours, and the reflectance of 60 ° -60 ° was measured with a gloss meter. The glossiness is better as the value is larger. The results are shown in Table 3.
Drying: 0.4 ml of ink was developed on art paper with an RI tester (Ishikawajima Industrial Machinery Co., Ltd.), then exposed to 160 ° C atmosphere for 2 seconds, 4 seconds, and 6 seconds. A state without stickiness was judged as dry. The smaller the numerical value, the better the drying property. The results are shown in Table 3.
Misting: 2.6 ml of ink is developed on an incometer (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd.), rotated at a roll temperature of 30 ° C. for 1 minute at 400 rpm, and further rotated at 1800 rpm for 2 minutes, and ink on white paper placed directly under the roll The degree of scattering was observed and evaluated. Misting shows that it is so good that a numerical value is large.
Emulsification rate: 3.9 ml of ink was developed on a dynamic emulsification tester (manufactured by Nippon Rheology Equipment Co., Ltd.), and pure water was supplied at a roll temperature of 30 ° C. and 200 rpm at a rate of 5 ml / min. The moisture content of was measured using an infrared moisture meter. The smaller the value, the better the emulsification rate. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0060]
[Table 3]
[0061]
(Gel varnish adjustment B)
45 parts of the resin obtained in Example 1 and 55 parts of soybean oil were mixed and dissolved at 180 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a varnish. After cooling this varnish to 60 ° C., 0.5 part of aluminum chelate (trade name: ALCH, manufactured by Kawaken Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.) was added, the temperature was raised to 190 ° C., and the mixture was kept warm for 1 hour to obtain a gel varnish. The gel varnish was prepared according to the same procedure for the resins obtained in Examples 2 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5.
[0062]
(Ink adjustment B)
Using each gel varnish obtained by the above method, the mixture was kneaded using a three-roll mill at the blending ratio shown in Table 4 to adjust the printing ink.
[0063]
[Table 4]
Based on the above formulation, the tack value of the ink was adjusted appropriately to 7.0 ± 0.5 and the flow value was adjusted to 35.0 ± 1.0.
[0064]
(Ink performance test B)
Tack value: 1.3 ml of ink was developed on an incometer (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd.) and rotated at a roll temperature of 30 ° C. and 400 rpm for 1 minute to read the value. The results are shown in Table 5.
Flow value: About 2 ml of ink is put into a sample hole of a spread meter (manufactured by Kumagai Riki Kogyo Co., Ltd.), scraped with a spatula so that the upper surface of the ink is flush with the upper surface of the fixed plate, and the load plate is dropped. It was. The diameter value after 1 minute of the ink spreading concentrically was read. The results are shown in Table 5.
Gloss: 0.27 ml of ink was developed on art paper with an RI tester (manufactured by Ishikawajima Industrial Machinery Co., Ltd.), then 20 ° C., 65% H. The humidity was adjusted for 24 hours at 60 ° C. and the reflectance was measured at 60 ° -60 °. The glossiness is better as the value is larger. The results are shown in Table 5.
Drying: 0.27 ml of ink was developed on sulfuric acid paper using an RI tester (Ishikawajima Sangyo Co., Ltd.), and then the sulfuric acid paper was superimposed on the surface to be developed. C type drying tester (Toyo Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) The paper was wound around a rotating drum so that the sulfuric acid paper for paper was on the outside. The weight and the pressing gear are gently lowered onto the sulfuric acid paper for paper, the drum is rotated, and the time when the tooth profile of the pressing gear hardly shifts is defined as the drying time. The smaller the numerical value, the better the drying property. The results are shown in Table 5.
Misting: 2.6 ml of ink is spread on an incometer (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd.), rotated at a roll temperature of 30 ° C. for 1 minute at 400 rpm, and further rotated at 1200 rpm for 2 minutes. The degree of scattering was observed and evaluated. Misting shows that it is so good that a numerical value is large. The results are shown in Table 5.
Emulsification rate: 3.9 ml of ink was developed on a dynamic emulsification tester (manufactured by Nippon Rheology Equipment Co., Ltd.), and pure water was supplied at a roll temperature of 30 ° C. and 200 rpm at a rate of 5 ml / min. The moisture content of was measured with an infrared moisture meter. The smaller the value, the better the emulsification rate. The results are shown in Table 5.
[0065]
[Table 5]
[0066]
From the results of Tables 3 and 5, the printing ink using the polyester resin of the present invention (Examples 1 to 4) has the same or better performance as the printing ink using the rosin-modified phenolic resin (Comparative Example 5). It turns out that it has. Moreover, it turns out that gloss is excellent compared with the printing ink which uses the polyester resin (Comparative Examples 1-4) which does not use the hydroxy acid which is a component (b) as a structural component.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002319299A JP4192559B2 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2002-11-01 | Polyester resin, its production method, binder for printing ink and printing ink |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002210463 | 2002-07-19 | ||
| JP2002319299A JP4192559B2 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2002-11-01 | Polyester resin, its production method, binder for printing ink and printing ink |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2004099860A JP2004099860A (en) | 2004-04-02 |
| JP4192559B2 true JP4192559B2 (en) | 2008-12-10 |
Family
ID=32300360
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002319299A Expired - Fee Related JP4192559B2 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2002-11-01 | Polyester resin, its production method, binder for printing ink and printing ink |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4192559B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4702590B2 (en) * | 2003-03-24 | 2011-06-15 | 星光Pmc株式会社 | Printing ink resin and printing ink using the printing ink resin |
| JP6098932B2 (en) * | 2013-03-07 | 2017-03-22 | 荒川化学工業株式会社 | Resin composition for printing ink, varnish for printing ink, and printing ink |
-
2002
- 2002-11-01 JP JP2002319299A patent/JP4192559B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2004099860A (en) | 2004-04-02 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP4812049B2 (en) | Polyester resin, its production method, binder for printing ink and printing ink | |
| JP4867119B2 (en) | Polyester resin, its production method, binder for printing ink and printing ink | |
| JP4702590B2 (en) | Printing ink resin and printing ink using the printing ink resin | |
| AU2010218932A1 (en) | Rosin-modified phenol resin, manufacturing method thereof, and printing ink | |
| JP4662093B2 (en) | Printing ink binder and printing ink | |
| JP4639448B2 (en) | Polyester resin, its production method, binder for printing ink and printing ink | |
| JP2007238795A (en) | Resin composition for printing ink and method for producing the same | |
| JP4045417B2 (en) | Polyester resin, its production method, binder for printing ink and printing ink | |
| JP3446728B2 (en) | Polyester resin composition, production method thereof, binder for printing ink and printing ink | |
| JP4192559B2 (en) | Polyester resin, its production method, binder for printing ink and printing ink | |
| JP4474634B2 (en) | Resin composition for printing ink, resin varnish for printing ink, production method thereof, and printing ink | |
| JP4967192B2 (en) | Resin for printing ink and printing ink | |
| JP4423846B2 (en) | Offset printing ink | |
| JP4924859B2 (en) | Polyester resin, its production method, binder for printing ink and printing ink | |
| JP4529169B2 (en) | Manufacturing method of resin varnish for printing ink | |
| JP4986127B2 (en) | Resin composition for printing ink, method for producing resin composition for printing ink, binder for printing ink, and printing ink | |
| JP2006160806A (en) | Printing ink resin and printing ink using the resin | |
| JP4586252B2 (en) | Resin for printing ink, its production method, binder for printing ink and printing ink | |
| JP4596199B2 (en) | Polyester resin, its production method, binder for printing ink and printing ink | |
| EP1194489A2 (en) | Rub resistant heatset lithographic printing ink | |
| JP2006273979A (en) | Printing ink composition | |
| JP7040366B2 (en) | Varnish composition for offset printing ink, offset printing ink | |
| JP5546091B2 (en) | Pigment coating agent, coated pigment, and printing ink composition | |
| JP2004352877A (en) | Resin composition for printing ink, resin varnish for printing ink, method for producing the same and printing ink | |
| JP4677075B2 (en) | Method for producing resin varnish for printing ink |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20051017 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20071107 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20071112 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20080109 |
|
| A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20080527 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20080711 |
|
| A911 | Transfer to examiner for re-examination before appeal (zenchi) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A911 Effective date: 20080804 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20080826 |
|
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20080908 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 4192559 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20111003 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20111003 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20111003 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20111003 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121003 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121003 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121003 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20131003 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |