JP4193036B2 - Method for producing conductive tin oxide - Google Patents
Method for producing conductive tin oxide Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4193036B2 JP4193036B2 JP2002313861A JP2002313861A JP4193036B2 JP 4193036 B2 JP4193036 B2 JP 4193036B2 JP 2002313861 A JP2002313861 A JP 2002313861A JP 2002313861 A JP2002313861 A JP 2002313861A JP 4193036 B2 JP4193036 B2 JP 4193036B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- tin oxide
- sol
- conductive tin
- conductive
- antimony
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 248
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 171
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- LJCFOYOSGPHIOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony pentoxide Chemical compound O=[Sb](=O)O[Sb](=O)=O LJCFOYOSGPHIOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- WMHSAFDEIXKKMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony;oxotin Chemical compound [Sn]=O.[Sb]=O WMHSAFDEIXKKMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001246 colloidal dispersion Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)NC(C)C UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 48
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229940043279 diisopropylamine Drugs 0.000 description 16
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 15
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000003957 anion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 12
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- NJBCRXCAPCODGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-n-(2-methylpropyl)propan-1-amine Chemical compound CC(C)CNCC(C)C NJBCRXCAPCODGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- KDSNLYIMUZNERS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropanamine Chemical compound CC(C)CN KDSNLYIMUZNERS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC=C1 WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalic acid Substances OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 8
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 229910021627 Tin(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 7
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001429 chelating resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 6
- -1 chlorine ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000002296 dynamic light scattering Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 6
- JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)N JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 5
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WEHWNAOGRSTTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylamine Chemical compound CCCNCCC WEHWNAOGRSTTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFZKYQYOBLPIPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidine;hydrate Chemical compound O.NC(N)=N OFZKYQYOBLPIPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- SCKKQLPQFJYORX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol;oxotin Chemical compound OC.[Sn]=O SCKKQLPQFJYORX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940073455 tetraethylammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 4
- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DAMJCWMGELCIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl n-(2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COC(=O)NC1CCNC1=O DAMJCWMGELCIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLRANBHTTCVNCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZLRANBHTTCVNCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002821 Modacrylic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SZOADBKOANDULT-UHFFFAOYSA-K antimonous acid Chemical compound O[Sb](O)O SZOADBKOANDULT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- STIAPHVBRDNOAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamimidoylazanium;carbonate Chemical compound NC(N)=N.NC(N)=N.OC(O)=O STIAPHVBRDNOAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- TVQLLNFANZSCGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;dioxido(oxo)tin Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Sn]([O-])=O TVQLLNFANZSCGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001410 inorganic ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001935 peptisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940079864 sodium stannate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012756 surface treatment agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CVNKFOIOZXAFBO-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(4+);tetrahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Sn+4] CVNKFOIOZXAFBO-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000581652 Hagenia abyssinica Species 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLZHNIAADXEJJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QLZHNIAADXEJJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000695274 Processa Species 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AQTIRDJOWSATJB-UHFFFAOYSA-K antimonic acid Chemical compound O[Sb](O)(O)=O AQTIRDJOWSATJB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- XXLJGBGJDROPKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony;oxotin Chemical compound [Sb].[Sn]=O XXLJGBGJDROPKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011246 composite particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003950 cyclic amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009775 high-speed stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- QOSATHPSBFQAML-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen peroxide;hydrate Chemical compound O.OO QOSATHPSBFQAML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010335 hydrothermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010137 moulding (plastic) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011085 pressure filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011802 pulverized particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は導電性酸化スズ粒子、酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合水性ゾル、導電性酸化スズ水性ゾル、及び導電性酸化スズ有機ゾルの製造方法に関する。
【0002】
導電性酸化スズは電気伝導性、光透過性、赤外線反射性などの性質を持っており、熱的、化学的安定性に優れていることから透明導電塗料、帯電防止塗料、赤外線吸収塗料、導電セラミックスの導電性調節剤、圧膜ペースト用フィラー、紙・繊維・プラスッチクスゴムの帯電防止剤又は導電剤などとして使用されている。近年、電気電子産業の発展に伴い導電性、帯電性材料に対する要望は益々高くなってきている。
【0003】
【従来の技術】
導電材料としては金属、カーボン、無機化合物、有機導電物質などがあり、CVD法、真空蒸着法、反応性イオンプレーティング法、スパッタ法などの膜形成法、塗料による塗布方法、練り込みなどによる混入法により導電性、帯電防止性などを付与する方法が用いられている。しかし上記膜形成法は装置の関係で膜面積が小さいという欠点を持っているため膜面積が大きくプロセスも簡単である塗布法が広く検討されている。この塗布法の場合金属、カーボン及びマグネタイトやチタンブラックなどの無機化合物は不透明で色も黒色に近いため基材の透明性、色などが損なわれることから好ましくないことが多い。また、有機導電物質は耐熱性、耐薬品性、強度などの点でまだ充分とはいえない。
【0004】
導電性酸化スズは透明でうすい青色を呈し導電性が良好であるため塗布法導電材料として最も優れたものの1つであり、これまでこの導電性酸化スズ粉末の製造については多くの研究がなされ、多くの提案がなされている。また、酸化スズ−酸化アンチモンゾルの製造方法、導電性酸化スズゾル及びその製造方法についても提案がなされている。
【0005】
塩化第2スズと三塩化アンチモンとアルコールとの混合溶液に水酸化カリウム又は水酸化ナトリウムの水溶液を添加して得た水酸化スズと水酸化アンチモンとの共沈物を1000〜1300℃で熱分解する方法が提案されている(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。この方法では原料として塩化物(正塩)を用いているために中和により副生成する塩(NaCl又はKCl)の量が著しく多くなるため洗浄が困難であり、NaCl、KClが残存し易くなることと生成した水酸化スズと水酸化アンチモンは固溶体ではなく混合物であることから焼成温度が高くなる欠点を有している。
【0006】
硫酸水溶液に塩化第二スズと三塩化アンチモンとを溶解した溶液を加熱水中に加えることによってアンチモン含有酸化スズ微粉末を析出させ、濾別後沈殿物を乾燥した後600℃で焼成し、更に焼成物を純水で洗浄し乾燥して導電性酸化スズ微粉末を得る方法が提案されている(例えば、特許文献2を参照。)。この方法では残存塩酸量を少なく出来るが、加水分解を完全に行わせるために多量の水中に添加しなければならず生産性が低いという欠点を有している。また、1次粒子径が大きくなる欠点を有している。
【0007】
塩化第二スズと三塩化アンチモンの水溶液に重炭酸アンモニウム水溶液を添加して中和しゲルを生成させた後、ゲルを洗浄し次いでアンモニアを添加してpHを8〜12に調整し、オートクレーブで水熱処理を行うことにより結晶性酸化スズ・アンチモンゾルを製造する方法が提案されている(例えば、特許文献3を参照。)。この方法は特許文献1の方法と同様、副生する塩(NH4Cl)の量が多くなりすぎるため洗浄が困難となり、又、塩素イオンを含有するスラリーをオートクレーブ処理するため装置が高価になる欠点を有している。尚、この結晶性酸化スズ・アンチモンゾルは酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合ゾルであり、導電性酸化スズゾルではない。
【0008】
硝酸と金属スズの反応により得られた反応混合物をアンモニアで中和し、沈澱をろ過洗浄し、得られたウェットケーキに第4級アンモニウムヒドロキシドを添加してケーキを解凝固するアルカリ性の酸化スズゾルの製造方法及びこのアルカリ性酸化スズゾルに三酸化アンチモンを加え、加熱しながら過酸化水素を添加することにより透明で麦わら色の酸化スズ−五酸化アンチモン混合ゾルを製造する方法が提案されている(例えば、特許文献4を参照)。この方法ではアルカリ性で第4級アンモニウムヒドロキシドの存在下に五酸化アンチモンゾルを生成させるため酸化スズと五酸化アンチモンは結合せず、上記特許記載の麦わら色ということから混合ゾルであることは間違いなく、本発明の目的とする酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合ゾル及び導電性酸化スズゾルではない。
【0009】
導電性酸化スズ粉末の水分散液に塩酸、酒石酸等の酸、又は水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、第四級アンモニウム塩等のアルカリを粉末に対して5重量%以上添加した後30〜200℃で加熱処理する方法が提案されている(例えば、特許文献5を参照。)。サンドミル、ボールミルなどの使用が有効であることが記載されている。又、得られたアルカリ性の導電性酸化スズゾルから脱ナトリウムしたゾルを溶媒置換によりオルガノゾルとする方法も提案されている。この方法はかなり多量の酸又はアルカリの添加によりゾル化する方法で焼結部が一部溶解する(酸化スズは酸にもアルカリにも可溶なため)ことによりゾル化すると考えられ、厳密な意味ではコロイドと溶液の混合状態であるといえる。溶解しているものもイオン交換による脱アルカリ、脱酸によりコロイドとなるが、これは導電性を示さない酸化スズゾルとなるため上記特許の方法による導電性酸化スズゾルは充分な導電性を示さない欠点を有している。
【0010】
塩酸あるいはシュウ酸の水溶液に過酸化水素水と金属スズをH2O2/Snモル比が2〜3の範囲に保ちながら添加して反応させることを特徴とする酸性の酸化スズゾルの製造方法(例えば、特許文献6を参照)が開示されている。
【0011】
下記(a)工程、(b)工程、(c)工程及び(d)工程;
(a)工程:酸性の酸化スズゾルに三酸化アンチモンを、SnO2に対してSb2O3として2.0〜20重量%になるように添加した後、20〜100℃に保持して酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合コロイド分散液を作製する工程、(b)工程:(a)工程で得られた酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合コロイド分散液に、アンモニア又は有機塩基を0.02〜4.0重量%添加した後、陰イオン交換により脱アニオンしてアルカリ性酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合水性ゾルとする工程、(c)工程:(b)工程で得られたアルカリ性酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合水性ゾルを乾燥した後400〜800℃で焼成する工程、及び(d)工程:(c)工程で得られた焼成物を粉砕する工程、からなる導電性酸化スズ微粉末の製造方法(例えば、特許文献7を参照。)が開示されている。
【0012】
2〜60nmの一次粒子径を有する金属酸化物のコロイド粒子(A)を核として、その表面を酸性酸化物のコロイド粒子からなる被覆物(B)で被覆して得られた粒子(C)を含有し、且つ(C)を金属酸化物に換算して2〜50重量%の割合で含み、そして2〜100nmの一次粒子径を有する安定な変性金属酸化物ゾル(例えば、特許文献8を参照。)が開示されている。
【0013】
【特許文献1】
特公昭55−6569号公報(第1頁の特許請求の範囲)
【特許文献2】
特開昭61−163119号公報(第3頁の実施例1)
【特許文献3】
特開昭62−223019号公報(第1頁の特許請求の範囲、第2頁実施例)
【特許文献4】
特開昭59−62341号公報(第5頁の実施例6及び実施例7)
【特許文献5】
特開昭62−230619号
【特許文献6】
特開昭64−27635号公報(第1頁の特許請求の範囲)
【特許文献7】
特開平10−251018号公報(第2頁の特許請求の範囲)
【特許文献8】
特開2001−122621号公報(第2頁の特許請求の範囲)
【特許文献9】
米国特許第3888788号明細書
【非特許文献1】
ウェイザー著「インオーガニックコロイダルケミストリー」第2巻、1938年、p.240。
【0014】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上述したように導電性酸化スズ粒子及び酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合ゾル、導電性酸化スズゾルの製造方法については多くの提案がなされているが、性能、経済性などの点で満足する方法とはいえない。
【0015】
特許文献6には塩酸あるいはシュウ酸の水溶液に過酸化水素水と金属スズをH2O2/Snモル比が2〜3の範囲を保ちながら添加して反応させることを特徴とする酸性の酸化スズゾルの製造方法を提案されている。この酸性の酸化スズゾルは高濃度で酸の含有量が少なく、比較的粘度が低く安定なゾルである。本発明者等はこの酸化スズの酸化スズコロイドが小さく、分散性のよいこと及び酸化スズコロイドがアルキルアミン含有五酸化アンチモンコロイドと容易に複合化できることに注目し、鋭意研究を行った結果、酸化スズゾルに五酸化アンチモンを複合化させ酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合体とした後、焼成することにより容易に導電性酸化スズが得られることを見い出し、本発明を完成するに到った。
【0016】
本発明の目的は透明性、分散性、導電性の優れた導電性酸化スズ粒子の製造方法、酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合ゾルの製造方法、導電性酸化スズの水性ゾル及び有機溶媒ゾルの製造方法を提供することにある。
【0017】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本願発明は第1観点として、下記(a)工程、(b)工程、(c)工程及び(d)工程:
(a)工程:酸性酸化スズゾルにアルキルアミン/Sb 2 O 5 のモル比として0.8〜2.2であるアルキルアミン含有五酸化アンチモンゾルをSnO2に対してSb2O5として2.0〜20重量%になるように添加し、室温〜100℃で熟成する工程、
(b)工程:(a)工程で得られた酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合コロイド分散液にアンモニア又は有機塩基を添加し、陰イオン交換により脱アニオンしアルカリ性酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合水性ゾルとする工程、
(c)工程:(b)工程で得られたアルカリ性酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合水性ゾルを乾燥後400〜800℃で焼成する工程、及び
(d)工程:(c)工程で得られた焼成物を粉砕する工程、からなる導電性酸化スズ粒子の製造方法、
第2観点として、下記(a’)工程、(c’)工程及び(d’)工程:
(a’)工程:アルカリ性酸化スズゾルにアルキルアミン/Sb 2 O 5 のモル比として0.8〜2.2であるアルキルアミン含有五酸化アンチモンをSnO2に対してSb2O5として2.0〜20重量%になるように添加し、室温〜100℃で熟成し、酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合コロイド分散液を得る工程、
(c’)工程:(a’)工程で得られたアルカリ性酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合水性ゾルを乾燥後400〜800℃で焼成する工程、及び
(d’)工程:(c’)工程で得られた焼成物を粉砕する工程、からなる導電性酸化スズ粒子の製造方法、
第3観点として、第1観点に記載の(a)工程、(b)工程、(c)工程及び(d)工程並びに下記(e)工程:
(e)工程:(d)工程で得られた導電性酸化スズ粒子を水に分散し、湿式粉砕して導電性酸化スズコロイド凝集体の分散液を作成した後、アンモニア又は有機塩基を該分散液の導電性酸化スズに対して0.02〜4.0重量%の割合で添加する工程、からなる導電性酸化スズ水性ゾルの製造方法、
第4観点として、第2観点に記載の(a’)工程、(c’)工程及び(d’)工程並びに下記(e)工程:
(e)工程:(d’)工程で得られた導電性酸化スズ粒子を水に分散し、湿式粉砕して導電性酸化スズコロイド凝集体の分散液を作成した後、アンモニア又は有機塩基を該分散液の導電性酸化スズに対して0.02〜4.0重量%の割合で添加する工程、からなる導電性酸化スズ水性ゾルの製造方法、
第5観点として、第3観点又は第4観点に記載の(e)工程の後に、下記(f)工程:
(f)工程:(e)工程で得られた導電性酸化スズ水性ゾルに、有機酸及び/又は有機塩基を導電性酸化スズに対して1.0〜20重量%の割合で添加した後、水性溶媒を有機溶媒に置換する工程を加える導電性酸化スズ有機溶媒ゾルの製造方法、及び
第6観点として、原料として用いる酸化スズゾルが、塩酸水溶液に酸化スズ濃度が15〜40重量%になるように過酸化水素水と金属スズをH2O2/Snモル比が2〜3の範囲に保ちながら添加し、酸化スズコロイドの凝集体を生成させ、次いで該凝集体を分離し、水に解膠する方法で製造した酸化スズゾルをpH調製して得られたものである、第1観点乃至第5観点のいずれか一つに記載の製造方法である。
【0018】
【発明の実施の形態】
本願発明に原料として用いられる酸性の酸化スズゾルを得る方法としては、Sn4+の可溶性塩(例えばSnCl4)の水溶液からアニオン交換樹脂によりアニオンを除去する方法(特許文献9)、塩化第二スズとアルカリ又はスズ酸ナトリウムと塩酸の反応により室温で得られたフレッシュな酸化スズゲルを鉱酸により解膠する方法(非特許文献1)、スズ酸ナトリウム水溶液から陽イオン交換樹脂によりナトリウムを除去する方法、塩酸あるいはシュウ酸の水溶液に過酸化水素と金属スズをH2O2/Snモル比が2〜3の範囲に保ちながら添加して反応させる方法(特許文献6)などがある。
【0019】
本発明に使用する酸性の酸化スズゾルは公知の方法により作成したものであるが、酸化スズコロイド粒子の形状がはっきりしており、酸量が出来るだけ少なく酸根以外のイオン(特にアルカリイオン)を含有しないものが好ましい。特に塩酸水溶液に液中の酸化スズ濃度が15〜40重量%になるように過酸化水素水と金属スズをH2O2/Snモル比が2〜3の範囲に保ちながら添加して反応させ、酸化スズコロイドの凝集体を生成させ、次いで該凝集体を分離し、水で解膠する方法により作成した酸性の酸化スズゾルが最も好ましい。
【0020】
この方法により作成した酸性の酸化スズゾルは電子顕微鏡観察によると酸化スズコロイドの1次粒子の形状が幅2nm、長さ5〜10nmの短冊状あるいは紡錘状であり、この1次粒子が幾つか集まり比較的小さな凝集体を形成している。又、このゾルの130℃乾燥物の比表面積(BET法)は120〜200m2/gと非常に大きく、比表面積からの粒子径は4.4〜7.2nmと小さく、反応性は非常に高い。更にこの乾燥物はX線回折の結果、スズ石(Cussiterite)のピークを示し、この酸化スズコロイドは結晶質である。そして、この酸化スズゾル中の塩酸の量は酸化スズ(SnO2)に対して6〜12重量%でCl/Snモル比は0.25〜0.5であり、塩化第二スズ(SnCl4)に比べ著しく少ない。本発明において酸化スズゾルはpH0.1〜7の酸性酸化スズゾル、あるいはpH7〜11のアルカリ性酸化スズゾルのどちらも使用することができる。
【0021】
アルカリ性の酸化スズゾルは、上記の酸性の酸化スズゾルにエチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、n−プロピルアミン、イソプロピルアミン、ジイソプロピルアミン、ジプロピルアミン、n−ブチルアミン、イソブチルアミン、ジイソブチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、ベンジルアミンなどのアルキルアミンや、モノエタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミンなどのアルカノールアミン、グアニジン水酸化物、テトラメチルアンモニウムハイドロオキサイド、テトラエチルアンモニウムハイドロオキサイドなどの第4級アンモニウム水酸化物、また、炭酸アンモニア、炭酸グアニジンのような炭酸塩等の塩基性物質を添加してアルカリ性の酸化スズゾルを調製する事が出来る。
【0022】
本発明において酸化スズゾルは酸化第二スズ(SnO2)濃度2〜30重量%のものを使用することが出来る。2重量%未満では生産性が悪くなり、30重量%を超える濃度では五酸化アンチモンとの複合化の際、反応が不均一になり好ましくない。
【0023】
本発明において陽に帯電している酸化スズゾルの周りに負に帯電した五酸化アンチモンコロイドが電気的に引き寄せられ、そして酸化スズ粒子表面に化学結合によって五酸化アンチモンが結合し、複合化されている。従って酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合コロイドは酸化スズコロイドと酸化アンチモンコロイドの混合物ではない。
【0024】
本願発明の(a)工程、及び(a’)工程では、酸化スズゾルに由来するSnO2成分と五酸化アンチモンゾルに由来するSb2O5成分とが0.02〜2.0のSb2O5/SnO2重量比で含有する酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合粒子からなるゾルを製造する段階である。酸性又はアルカリ性の酸化スズゾルにアルキルアミン/Sb 2 O 5 のモル比として0.8〜2.2であるアルキルアミン含有五酸化アンチモンゾルをSnO2に対してSb2O5として2.0〜20重量%になるように添加して、室温(20℃)〜100℃、好ましくは70〜100℃の温度で熟成する段階である。(a)工程及び(a’)工程では酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合コロイド分散液が得られる。
【0025】
本発明の(b)工程では、(a)工程で得られた酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合コロイド分散液にアンモニア又は有機塩基を、分散液中の金属酸化物に対して0.02〜4.0重量%添加し、陰イオン交換により脱アニオンしアルカリ性酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合ゾルとする。0.02%以下では解膠が不完全となりゾル化しない部分が生じ、4.0%以上では添加量が過剰になるため経済的でなく、また臭いが強くなったり、乾燥、焼成時の揮発量が大きくなるため好ましくない。
【0026】
本発明(b)工程において有機塩基としてエチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、n−プロピルアミン、イソプロピルアミン、ジイソプロピルアミン、ジプロピルアミン、n−ブチルアミン、イソブチルアミン、ジイソブチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、ベンジルアミンなどのアルキルアミンや、モノエタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミンなどのアルカノールアミン、グアニジン水酸化物、テトラメチルアンモニウムハイドロオキサイド、テトラエチルアンモニウムハイドロオキサイドなどの第4級アンモニウム水酸化物等を使用することが出来る。また、炭酸アンモニア、炭酸グアニジンのような炭酸塩を使用することも出来る。
【0027】
本発明において撹拌はファウドラー型、サタケ式などの通常の撹拌機、ディスパー、ホモミキサーのような高速撹拌機を用いることができる。又、サンドグラインダー、ボールミルのような方法でも可能である。
【0028】
本発明の酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合ゾル中の固形分濃度(SnO2(Sb2O5)X、但しx=0.01〜0.10モル)として5〜30重量%が可能であり、5%以下では経済的でなく30%以上では粘度が高くなりすぎる。好ましくは、10〜30重量%である。
【0029】
上記の複合ゾルは乾燥、焼成(400℃以上)することにより導電性を付与することができ、ガラス、セラミックスなどの表面に導電性を付与するのに使用することができる。
【0030】
本発明のゾルのpHは7〜11が好ましい。酸化スズの等電位点が中性域にあるため酸性ではゾルにならない。
【0031】
本発明において(b)工程で得られた酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合コロイド凝集体スラリーはアンモニア又は有機塩基の塩(塩化アンモニウムなど)を含有しているためそのまま乾燥焼成することは好ましくない。従って、酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合コロイド凝集体の脱アニオンが必要となる。
【0032】
本発明において酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合コロイドの脱アニオンには陰イオン交換樹脂などを利用することが出来る。ここで用いられる陰イオン交換樹脂としては、
アンバーライトIRA−410(オルガノ(株))等のゲル型陰イオン交換樹脂を用いることが出来る。
【0033】
本発明の(c)工程及び(c’)工程では、得られた酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合ゾルを乾燥する工程を経由する。乾燥方法としてはスプレードライヤー、ドラムドライヤー、凍結乾燥機などで乾燥することが可能である。本発明の乾燥温度は後に焼成工程があるため特に限定されないが、装置あるいは操作から考えて室温(20℃)〜400℃で行うことができる。
【0034】
本発明において酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合コロイド乾燥物中の酸根量は固形分重量に対して1.0重量%以下が好ましい。残存する酸根量が多くても導電性酸化スズ粒子を得ることが出来るが、酸根量が多いと焼成時の酸化アンチモンの酸化スズへの固溶が不十分となったり、焼成炉の金属を腐食させたりするため好ましくない。この場合、遠心分離、フィルタープレス、吸引ろ過、加圧ろ過、限外ろ過、デカンテーション等などにより水洗する方法で上記記載の1.0重量%以下に低減する事が出来る。
【0035】
本発明の(c)工程、(c’)工程において焼成温度は400℃〜800℃が可能であり、好ましくは500℃〜700℃である。800℃を超える温度でも導電性酸化スズを得ることは出来るが、1次粒子が大きくなり又焼結が進むために粉砕しても粒子径が大きくなり好ましくない。また、400℃未満では固相反応が充分に起こらず、導電性酸化物粒子が得られないために好ましくない。
【0036】
本発明において焼成時間は0.5時間〜40時間が好ましい。0.5時間以下では固溶が進まないために導電性が高くならず、40時間以上では性能的には問題ないが熱コストが高くなるため好ましくない。焼成には電気炉、ガス炉を用いることができ、箱型、キルン型等のいずれのタイプの焼成炉でも使用でき、空気雰囲気で焼成が行われる。ガス炉の場合は酸化雰囲気になるようにすることが好ましい。焼成した導電性酸化スズは一般に灰青色を示すが還元雰囲気では青味が減少して薄い灰色となり、導電性能が若干低くなる。又、残存酸素量が多くなると灰緑青色となる。
【0037】
本発明の酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合コロイド分散液を乾燥する工程において複合コロイド粒子は一部結合し比較的硬いゲルとなるが、上記複合コロイド凝集体の乾燥物の比表面積は300℃乾燥品でも90〜130m2/gもあり、1次粒子径は6.7〜9.7nmで乾燥による粒子径の増加が小さいことから粒子−粒子の結合は弱くゲルは粉砕により容易に微粒子化する。
【0038】
本発明の(d)工程、(d’)工程において粉砕は焼成の前か後のいずれか又は両方で行うことができ、粉砕には高速回転ミキサー、ピンディスクミル、ジェットオーマイザー、ボールミルなどを使用することができる。(b)工程及び(a’)工程の酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合コロイド分散液を乾燥する過程で乾燥物をケーキ状で乾燥する方法では焼成の前後で粉砕することが必要である。
【0039】
酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合コロイド乾燥物を400〜800℃で焼成することにより酸化アンチモンは酸化スズに固溶し、コロイダルな導電性酸化スズとなる。
【0040】
本発明により得られた導電性酸化スズの比表面積は40〜70m2/gで透過型電子顕微鏡観察によると一次粒子は10〜25nmの球状に近い粒子であり、比表面積からの粒子径12.5〜21.9nmとかなり良く一致した。又、この一次粒子径は焼成温度が高くなるほど大きくなる傾向を示した。本発明の導電性酸化スズは一次粒子が球状に近い粒子の凝集結合体であるため粉砕され易く上記乾式での粉砕により粒子径0.5〜3μmの微粒子を得ることができる。
【0041】
得られた導電性酸化スズ粒子は、酸化スズゾルに由来するSnO2成分と五酸化アンチモンゾルに由来するSb2O5成分とが0.02〜2.0のSb2O5/SnO2重量比、(SnO2(Sb2O5)X ただしx=0.01〜0.10モル)で含有する。
【0042】
本発明において酸素量を充分減少することが出来ない場合には焼成して得た導電性酸化スズを水洗することにより酸素量を更に減少することができる。導電性酸化スズ中の酸素量は固形分に対して0.3重量%以下にすることが好ましい。本発明の導電性酸化スズ粒子を300kg/cm2でプレスしたものの比抵抗は0.1〜100Ω・cmを示す。
【0043】
本発明の導電性酸化スズ微粉末は粉末X線回折の結果、スズ石(Cassiterite)のシャープな回折ピークを示し、結晶性は良好である。
【0044】
本発明の(d)工程及び(d’)工程により得た導電性酸化スズ粉末は1次粒子径が10〜25nmのコロイド粒子が結合又は凝集して0.5〜3μmの粒子径を有するものである。一般には焼成により結合が強固になり機械的粉砕では結合を切ることは困難であるが、本発明の導電性酸化スズ粉末は驚くべきことに(e)工程の機械的粉砕(物理的粉砕)によりコロイドレベルまで分散できることが判った。
【0045】
本発明において上記導電性酸化スズ粒子を水に分散し、サンドグラインダー、ボールミル、アトライターのような粉砕機を用いて湿式粉砕することによりコロイド粒子まで分散することが出来る。ただし、上記導電性酸化スズ粉末は少量の塩素イオンを含有するために分散液は弱酸性(pH2〜5)を示す。本発明の導電性酸化スズは酸化スズ(SnO2)に五酸化アンチモン(Sb2O5)が固溶したものと推定され、酸化スズの等電位点が中性(pH5〜7)であるのに対して五酸化アンチモンの等電位点はpH1以下であることから、この導電性酸化スズゾルは中性〜アルカリ性では負に帯電して安定であるが、酸性域ではカチオンサイト(Sn4+サイト)とアニオンサイト(Sb5+サイト)が共存するためコロイド粒子は凝集する。従って上記の機械的(物理的)粉砕によって得た分散液はゾルではなく導電性酸化スズコロイドの凝集体分散液となる(液は透明性を示さない。)。この導電性酸化スズコロイドの凝集体はpHを中性からアルカリ性にすることにより電荷的反発を得てゾルとなる。
【0046】
本発明において上記凝集体分散液にアンモニア又はエチルアミン、メチルアミン、n−プロピルアミン、イソプロピルアミン、ジイソプロピルアミン、n−ブチルアミン、イソブチルアミン、ジイソブチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、ジプロピルアミン、トリエチルアミン、ベンジルアミン、モノエタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミンなどのアミン、グアニジン水酸化物、テトラメチルアンモニウムハイドロオキサイド、テトラエチルアンモニウムハイドロオキサイド、テトラエタノールアンモニウムハイドロオキサイドなどの第四級アンモニウム水酸化物のような有機塩基を添加し、室温〜100℃で加熱することにより導電性酸化スズ水性ゾルを製造することが出来る。アンモニア及び沸点の低いアミンが特に好ましい。
【0047】
本発明においてアンモニア又は有機塩基の添加量は単独又は混合で導電性酸化スズ(SnO2(Sb2O5)X ただしx=0.01〜0.10モル)に対して0.02〜4.0重量%が好ましい。0.02%以下ではゾルにならないし、4.0%以上ではゾルになるが臭いが強くなったり、乾燥時の揮発量が多くなったり、導電性を低下させたりするため好ましくない。
【0048】
本発明において機械的(物理的)粉砕を行う時の固形分濃度は20〜50重量%が好ましい。20%以下では粉砕効率が悪く、50%以上では粘度が高くなりすぎるため好ましくない。
【0049】
本発明において導電性酸化スズコロイド凝集体分散液は静置により凝集体が沈降することから必要に応じて傾斜法により洗浄して残存する塩素などの酸量を減少することが出来る。
【0050】
本発明において導電性酸化スズ微粉末分散液を湿式粉砕する時に上記アンモニア又は有機塩基を添加することもできるが、酸化スズが有機塩基に溶解したり、アンモニア又は有機塩基が酸化スズ表面に強固に結合したりするため好ましくない。
【0051】
本発明において湿式粉砕した導電性酸化スズコロイド凝集体分散液にアンモニア又は有機塩基を添加することにより容易にゾル化するが、粉砕不充分のものはゾル化せず沈降する。本発明において水に添加した導電性酸化スズ粒子に対する、導電性酸化スズ水性ゾル中の導電性酸化スズ粒子の割合、即ちゾル化率は70%以上であるが、沈降物は静定、遠心分離などの方法により除去できる。
【0052】
本発明の導電性酸化スズ水性ゾルは固形分(SnO2(Sb2O5)X ただしx=0.01〜0.10モル)が5〜40重量%であり、5%以下では経済的ではなく40%以上では粘度が高くなるため好ましくない。またゾルのpHは7〜11が好ましい。
【0053】
本発明の(f)工程として(e)工程で得られた導電性酸化スズ水性ゾルに有機塩基及び/又は有機酸を添加した後、有機溶媒を添加しながら溶媒置換することにより導電性酸化スズの有機溶媒ゾルを製造することができる。
【0054】
本発明の(f)工程において使用される有機塩基としてははエチルアミン、メチルアミン、n−プロピルアミン、イソプロピルアミン、、ジイソプロピルアミン、n−ブチルアミン、イソブチルアミン、ジイソブチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、ジプロピルアミン、トリエチルアミン、ベンジルアミン等のアルキルアミンや、モノエタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミン等のアルカノールアミン、グアニジン水酸化物、テトラメチルアンモニウムハイドロオキサイド、テトラエチルアンモニウムハイドロオキサイド、テトラエタノールアンモニウムハイドロオキサイドなどの第四級アンモニウム水酸化物等が例示でき、揮発性の高いアルキルアミンが特に好ましい。有機塩基の添加量は単独又はそれらの混合として導電性酸化スズ(SnO2(Sb2O5)X ただしx=0.01〜0.10モル)に対して0.1〜20.0重量%が好ましい。
【0055】
本発明の(f)工程において使用される有機酸としてはグリコール酸、酒石酸、クエン酸などのオキシカルボン酸やフェニルホスホン酸等が挙げられる。有機酸の添加量は単独又はそれらの混合として導電性酸化スズ(SnO2(Sb2O5)X ただしx=0.01〜0.10モル)に対して0.1〜20.0重量%が好ましい。
【0056】
本発明の(f)工程において使用される有機溶媒としてはメタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール等の低級アルコール類、ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド等の直鎖アミド類、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン等の環状アミド類、エチルセロソルブ等のグリコールエーテル類、或いはエチレングリコール類等が挙げられる。
【0057】
本発明の導電性酸化スズ有機溶媒ゾルは固形分(SnO2(Sb2O5)X ただしx=0.01〜0.10モル)が5〜50重量%であり、5%以下では経済的ではなく50%以上では粘度が高くなるため好ましくない。
【0058】
本発明の導電性酸化スズゾルは1次粒子径が10〜25nmであり、液中での粒子径が150nm以下であることから安定であり、長期間放置によってもゲル化及び沈降物の著しい発生は認められない。
【0059】
本発明の導電性酸化スズ水性ゾルは乾燥して水を除去することにより導電性を示す。それ故この水性ゾルを少量のバインダー(水溶性ポリマー、樹脂エマルジョン)と混合して塗料にした後、プラスチックス、紙、セラミックス、ガラスなどに塗布乾燥することにより導電性を付与することが出来る。
【0060】
【実施例】
酸性酸化第二スズ水性ゾル(A−1)の製造
金属スズ粉末と塩酸水溶液と過酸化水素水溶液との反応により、酸性酸化第二スズ水性ゾルを作製した。このゾルは比重1.420、pH0.40、撹拌直後の粘度32cp、SnO2含量33.0重量%,HCl含量2.56重量%,電子顕微鏡による紡錘状コロイド粒子径10ミリミクロン以下,BET法による粒子の比表面積120m2 /g、この比表面積からの換算粒子径7.2nm、米国コールター社製N4装置による動的光散乱粒子径107nmであった。
【0061】
アルカリ成分含有五酸化アンチモン水性ゾル(B−1)の製造
500ミリリットルの4つ口フラスコに三酸化アンチモン(広東三国製、Sb2O3として99.5%を含有する。)を52.6g、純水444gおよびジイソプロピルアミン40.2gを添加し、スターラー攪拌下で70℃に昇温後、35%過酸化水素53gを徐々に添加した。反応終了後、ガラス濾紙(ADVANTEC製GA−100)にて濾過した。濃度はSb2O5として9.8重量%、ジイソプロピルアミンとして6.8重量%、ジイソプロピルアミン/Sb2O5のモル比は2.2、透過型電子顕微鏡による観測で一次粒子径は1〜10nmであった。
【0062】
アルカリ成分含有五酸化アンチモン水性ゾル(B−2)の調整
500ミリリットルの4つ口フラスコに三酸化アンチモン(広東三国製、Sb2O3として99.5%を含有する。)を87.6g、純水460gおよび水酸化カリウム(小宗化学製、試薬一級)39.2gを添加し、スターラー攪拌下で70℃に昇温後、35%過酸化水素63.2gを徐々に添加した。反応終了後、ガラス濾紙(ADVANTEC製GA−100)にて濾過した。濃度はSb2O5として15重量%、水酸化カリウムとして5.6重量%、K2O/Sb2O5のモル比は1.0であった。
【0063】
得られたアンチモン酸カリウムの水溶液を2.5重量%に希釈し、カチオン型イオン交換樹脂を充填したカラムに通液した。イオン交換後のアンチモン酸の溶液にジイソプロピルアミンを攪拌下で39.5g添加し、アルカリ成分含有五酸化アンチモンコロイド溶液を得た。濃度はSb2O5として2.2重量%、ジイソプロピルアミンとして0.9重量%、ジイソプロピルアミン/Sb2O5のモル比は1.3、透過型電子顕微鏡による観測で一次粒子径は、1〜10nmであった。
【0064】
アルカリ成分含有五酸化アンチモン水性ゾル(B−3)の調整
500ミリリットルの4つ口フラスコに三酸化アンチモン(広東三国製、Sb2O3として99.5%を含有する。)を56.9g、純水313gおよび85%リン酸15.3gを添加(P2O5/Sb2O5として0.15重量比)し、スターラー攪拌下で70℃に昇温後、35%過酸化水素77.8gを徐々に添加した。反応終了後、ガラス濾紙(ADVANTEC製GA−100)にて濾過した。濃度はSb2O5で13.2重量%、リン酸0.14重量%であった。得られた五酸化アンチモンゾルに更にジイソプロピルアミンを15.8g添加し、リン酸−アミン含有の五酸化アンチモンゾルを得た。濃度はSb2O5として13.2重量%、リン酸として2.0重量%、ジイソプロピルアミンとして3.3重量%であった。ジイソプロピルアミン/Sb2O5のモル比は0.80、透過型電子顕微鏡による観測で一次粒子径は3〜12nmであった。
【0065】
アルカリ成分含有五酸化アンチモン水性ゾル(B−4)の調整
500ミリリットルの4つ口フラスコに三酸化アンチモン(広東三国製、Sb2O3として99.5%を含有する。)を63.4g、純水412.2gおよび85%リン酸17.1gとジイソプロピルアミン45.2gを添加し、スターラー攪拌下で70℃に昇温後、35%過酸化水素42.1gを徐々に添加した。反応終了後、ガラス濾紙にて濾過した。濃度はSb2O5として12.1重量%、ジイソプロピルアミン/Sb2O5のモル比は2.1であった。得られた五酸化アンチモンゾルにジイソプロピルアミンを17.5g添加し、アルカリ成分含有五酸化アンチモンゾル597.5gを得た。透過型電子顕微鏡による観測で一次粒子径は、2〜12nmであった。
【0066】
実施例1
(a)工程:上記のB−2で作製したアルカリ成分含有五酸化アンチモンコロイド5148gに、A−1で作成した酸性の酸化第二スズ水性ゾル2400g(SnO2 として812g)に撹拌下、純水1268gを加え、希釈したゾルを添加混合し、酸性の酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合コロイド分散液8912gを得た。
(b)工程:(a)工程で得られた酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合コロイド分散液8912gを陰イオン交換樹脂(アンバーライトIRA−410、オルガノ(株)製)1リットルを充填したカラムに通液させることにより脱Clし、アルカリ性の酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合ゾル10680gを得た。このものはSnO2に換算した濃度として7.6重量%、pH10.1、電導度810μS/cmであった。このゾルをロータリーエバポレーターを用いて濃縮を行い、濃縮ゾル4060gを得た。このゾルはSnO2に換算した濃度として20重量%、pH7.3、電導度5740μS/cmであった。
(c)工程:(b)工程で得た濃縮ゾルをスプレードライヤーで乾燥し、乾燥粉末968gを得た。この乾燥粉末を電気炉に入れ、550℃、5時間焼成を行い、導電性酸化スズ粉末を得た。
(d)工程:(c)工程で得られた焼成粉を粉砕した。この粉末のBET法による比表面積は72m2/g、比表面積より算出した粒子径は12.2nmであった。この粉末を300kg/cm2でプレス成形したものを三菱化学(株)製Loresta IP MCP−T250を用いて四探針法により比抵抗値を測定した結果、3.0Ωcmを示した。
(e)工程:(d)工程で得た導電性酸化スズ粒子700gを水1400gに分散し、28重量%アンモニア水25gを添加し、ガラスビーズ(1mmφ)4600gを仕込んだアトライターで48時間湿式粉砕し、導電性酸化スズ水性ゾル4021gを得た。このゾルに含まれる電解質をさらに除去するために、水2480gで希釈した後、陰イオン交換樹脂(IRA−41O、オルガノ(株)製)1リットルを詰めたカラムに通液し、次いで陽イオン交換樹脂(IR−120B、オルガノ(株)製)1リットルを詰めたカラムに通液し、酸性の導電性酸化スズ水性ゾル6670gを得た。このゾルはSnO210重量%、pH3.3、電導度175μS/cmであった。このゾルにジイソブチルアミン11gを添加し、アルカリ性(PH8.8、電導度143μS/cm)とした後、ロータリーエバポレータで濃縮し、濃縮ゾル1436gを得た。
(f)工程:(e)工程で得られた濃縮ゾル185gをロータリーエバポレータでメタノール4リットルを徐々に添加しながら水を除去する方法で水媒体をメタノールに置換し、導電性酸化スズメタノールゾル174.5gを得た。このゾルは比重1.08、粘度1.8mPa・s、pH(1+1)7.8、SnO2に換算した濃度として27.87重量%、Sb2O5に換算した濃度として2.34重量%、BET法による粒子の比表面積からの換算粒子径は12.0nm、米国コールター社製N4 装置による動的光散乱法による粒子径67nm、色差計((有)東京電色製TOPSCAN MODEL TC−1800MK)による導電性酸化スズゾルの濃度0.2重量%の溶液の全光透過率は84であった。このゾルを乾燥して導電性酸化スズ粉末として、160kg/cm2でプレスしたペレットの比抵抗値は135Ω・cmであった。
実施例2
(a’)工程:上記A−1で作製した酸性の酸化第二スズ水性ゾル3274g(SnO2 として1100g)に撹拌下、純水18700gを加え、希釈した後、イソプロピルアミン27.5gを添加し、希釈分散液とした。この分散液を陰イオン交換樹脂(アンバーライトIRA−410、オルガノ(株)製)10リットルを充填したカラムに通液させることにより脱Clし、アルカリ性の酸化スズゾル25000gを得た。このものはSnO24.1重量%、pH10.1、電導度243μS/cmであった。得られたアルカリ性酸化スズゾル21000gに、上記のB−2で作製したアルカリ成分含有五酸化アンチモンコロイド1836gを添加し、90℃で3時間加熱熟成し、アルカリ性の酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合ゾル26500gを得た。このものはSnO2に換算した濃度として3.3重量%、pH9.1、電導度822μS/cmであった。このゾルをロータリーエバポレーターを用いて濃縮を行い、濃縮ゾル4375gを得た。
(c’)工程:(a’)工程で得た濃縮ゾルをスプレードライヤーで乾燥し、乾燥粉末874gを得た。この乾燥粉末を電気炉に入れ、550℃、5時間焼成を行い、導電性酸化スズ粉末830gを得た。
(d’)工程:上記の焼成粉を粉砕した。この粉末のBET法による比表面積は70.0m2/g、比表面積より算出した粒子径は12.6nmであった。この粉末を300kg/cm2でプレス成形したものを三菱化学(株)製Loresta IP MCP−T250を用いて四探針法により比抵抗値を測定した結果、4.3Ωcmを示した。
(e)工程:(d’)工程で得た導電性酸化スズ粉末700gを水1400gに分散し、28重量%アンモニア水25gを添加し、ガラスビーズ(1mmφ)4600gを仕込んだアトライターで48時間湿式粉砕し、導電性酸化スズ水性ゾル4021gを得た。このゾルに含まれる電解質をさらに除去するために、水で希釈した後、陰イオン交換樹脂(IRA−41O、オルガノ(株)製)1リットルを詰めたカラムに通液し、次いで陽イオン交換樹脂(IR−120B、オルガノ(株)製)1リットルを詰めたカラムに通液し、酸性の導電性酸化スズ水性ゾル6670gを得た。このゾルはSnO2に換算した濃度として10.0重量%、pH4.1、電導度196μS/cmであった。このゾルにジイソブチルアミン11gを添加し、アルカリ性(PH8.9、電導度161μS/cm)とした後、ロータリーエバポレータで濃縮し、濃縮ゾル1313gを得た。
(f)工程:(e)工程で得られた濃縮ゾル130gをロータリーエバポレータでメタノール6リットルを徐々に添加しながら水を除去する方法で水媒体をメタノールに置換し、導電性酸化スズメタノールゾル211gを得た。このゾルは比重1.09、粘度1.8mPa・s、pH(1+1)7.6、SnO2に換算した濃度として27.9重量%、Sb2O5に換算した濃度として2.7重量%、BET法による粒子の比表面積からの換算粒子径は12.3nm、米国コールター社製N4装置による動的光散乱粒子径65nm、色差計((有)東京電色製TOPSCAN MODEL TC−1800MK)による導電性酸化スズゾルの濃度0.2重量%の溶液の全光透過率は86であった。このゾルを乾燥して導電性酸化スズ粉末として、160kg/cm2でプレスしたペレットの比抵抗値は110Ω・cmであった。
実施例3
(a)工程:上記のB−1で作製したアルカリ成分含有五酸化アンチモンコロイド625gに、A−1で作成した酸性の酸化第二スズ水性ゾル2400g(SnO2として813g)に撹拌下、純水5886gを加え、希釈したゾルを添加混合し、酸性の酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合コロイド分散液8911gを得た。
(b)工程:(a)工程で得られた酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合コロイド分散液8911gを陰イオン交換樹脂(アンバーライトIRA−410、オルガノ(株)製)を充填したカラムに通液させることにより脱Clし、アルカリ性の酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合ゾル8918gを得た。このものはpH10.2、電導度810μS/cmであった。このゾルをロータリーエバポレーターを用いて濃縮を行い、濃縮ゾル4255gを得た。このゾルはSnO220.0重量%、pH7.4、電導度6200μS/cmであった。
(c)工程:(b)工程で得た濃縮ゾルをスプレードライヤーで乾燥し、乾燥粉末969gを得た。この乾燥粉末を電気炉に入れ、550℃、5時間焼成を行い、導電性酸化スズ粉末921gを得た。
(d)工程:上記の焼成粉を粉砕した。この粉末のBET法による比表面積は67m2/g、比表面積より算出した粒子径は13.2nmであった。この粉末を300kg/cm2でプレス成形したものを三菱化学(株)製Loresta IP MCP−T250を用いて四探針法により比抵抗値を測定した結果、3.9Ωcmを示した。
(e)工程:(d)工程で得た導電性酸化スズ粉末700gを水1400gに分散し、28重量%アンモニア水25gを添加し、ガラスビーズ(1mmφ)4600gを仕込んだアトライターで48時間湿式粉砕し、導電性酸化スズ水性ゾル4021gを得た。このゾルに含まれる電解質をさらに除去するために、水で希釈した後、陰イオン交換樹脂(IRA−41O、オルガノ(株)製)1リットルを詰めたカラムに通液し、次いで陽イオン交換樹脂(IR−120B、オルガノ(株)製)1リットルを詰めたカラムに通液し、酸性の導電性酸化スズ水性ゾル6670gを得た。このゾルはSnO211.6重量%、pH3.5、電導度148μS/cmであった。このゾルにジイソブチルアミン11gを添加し、アルカリ性(PH9.6、電導度146μS/cm)とした後、ロータリーエバポレータで濃縮し、濃縮ゾル1307gを得た。
(f)工程:(e)工程で得られた濃縮ゾル97gをロータリーエバポレータでメタノール22リットルを徐々に添加しながら水を除去する方法で水媒体をメタノールに置換し、導電性酸化スズメタノールゾル142.1gを得た。このゾルは比重1.12、粘度1.8mPa・s、PH(1+1)7.4、SnO2に換算した濃度として30.4重量%、Sb2O5に換算した濃度として2.5重量%、BET法による粒子の比表面積からの換算粒子径は11.9nm、米国コールター社製N4装置よる動的光散乱粒子径58nm、色差計((有)東京電色製TOPSCAN MODEL TC−1800MK)による導電性酸化スズゾルの濃度0.2重量%の溶液の全光透過率は86であった。このゾルを乾燥して導電性酸化スズ粉末として、160kg/cm2でプレスしたペレットの比抵抗値は104Ω・cmであった。
実施例4
(a’)工程:上記A−1で作製した酸性の酸化第二スズ水性ゾル3274g(SnO2として1100g)に撹拌下、純水18700gを加え、希釈した後、イソプロピルアミン27.5gを添加し、希釈分散液とした。この分散液を陰イオン交換樹脂(アンバーライトIRA−410、オルガノ(株)製)10リットルを充填したカラムに通液させることにより脱Clし、アルカリ性の酸化スズゾル25000gを得た。このものはSnO2に換算した濃度として4.1重量%、pH10.1、電導度243μS/cmであった。得られたアルカリ性酸化スズゾル16000gに、上記のB−1で作製したアルカリ成分含有五酸化アンチモンコロイド480gを添加し、90℃で3時間加熱熟成し、アルカリ性の酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合ゾル16480gを得た。このものはSnO2に換算した濃度として4.1重量%、pH9.1、電導度822μS/cmであった。このゾルをロータリーエバポレーターを用いて濃縮を行い、濃縮ゾル3445gを得た。
(c’)工程:(a’)工程で得た濃縮ゾルをスプレードライヤーで乾燥し、乾燥粉末988gを得た。この乾燥粉末を電気炉に入れ、550℃、5時間焼成を行い、導電性酸化スズ粉末939gを得た。
(d’)工程:上記の焼成粉を粉砕した。この粉末のBET法による比表面積は58.8m2/g、比表面積より算出した粒子径は15.0nmであった。この粉末を300kg/cm2でプレス成形したものを三菱化学(株)製Loresta IP MCP−T250を用いて四探針法により比抵抗値を測定した結果、3.0Ω・cmを示した。
(e)工程:(d’)工程で得た導電性酸化スズ粉末700gを水1400gに分散し、28重量%アンモニア水25gを添加し、ガラスビーズ(1mmφ)4600gを仕込んだアトライターで48時間湿式粉砕し、導電性酸化スズ水性ゾル4021gを得た。このゾルに含まれる電解質をさらに除去するために、水2480gで希釈した後、陰イオン交換樹脂(IRA−41O、オルガノ(株)製)1リットルを詰めたカラムに通液し、次いで陽イオン交換樹脂(IR−120B、オルガノ(株)製)1リットルを詰めたカラムに通液し、酸性の導電性酸化スズ水性ゾル6670gを得た。このゾルはSnO2に換算した濃度として10重量%、pH3.5、電導度183μS/cmであった。このゾルにジイソブチルアミン11gを添加し、アルカリ性(pH9.3、電導度170μS/cm)とした後、ロータリーエバポレータで濃縮し、濃縮ゾル1517gを得た。
(f)工程:(e)工程で得られた濃縮ゾル80.5gをロータリーエバポレータでメタノール6リットルを徐々に添加しながら水を除去する方法で水媒体をメタノールに置換し、導電性酸化スズメタノールゾル107.9gを得た。このゾルは比重1.10、粘度1.8mPa・s、PH(1+1)7.8、SnO2に換算した濃度として28.6重量%、Sb2O5に換算した濃度として2.5重量%、BET法による粒子の比表面積からの換算粒子径は11.2nm、米国コールター社製N4装置よる動的光散乱粒子径54nm、色差計((有)東京電色製TOPSCAN MODEL TC−1800MK)による導電性酸化スズゾルの濃度0.2重量%の溶液の全光透過率は85であった。このゾルを乾燥して導電性酸化スズ粉末として、160kg/cm2でプレスしたペレットの比抵抗値は182Ω・cmであった。
比較例1
(a”)工程:上記A−1で作製した酸性の酸化第二スズ水性ゾル3004g(SnO2として1017g)に撹拌下、純水gを加え、希釈した後、三酸化アンチモン(三国精錬(株)99.5%含有)99.2g(Sb2O3として98.7g)を添加し、92〜94℃に加熱し、10時間撹拌続け、褐色の酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合コロイド分散液5356gを得た。
(b”)工程:(a”)工程で得られた酸化スズ−酸化アンチモンコロイド分散液5356gに水11812gを加え希釈し、28重量%アンモニア水23gを添加し17168gの希釈分散液とした。この分散液を陰イオン交換樹脂(アンバーライトIRA−410、オルガノ(株)製)2リットルを充填したカラムに通液させることにより脱Clし、アルカリ性の酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合ゾル19253gを得た。このものはSnO2として5.3重量%、pH9.2、電導度444μS/cmであった。このゾルをロータリーエバポレーターを用いて濃縮を行い、濃縮ゾル4859gを得た。このゾルはSnO2として重量21%、pH8.6、電導度828μS/cmであった。
(c”)工程:(b”)工程で得られた濃縮ゾルをスプレードライヤーを用いて乾燥し、乾燥粉末を電気炉に入れ、500℃、10時間焼成を行った。
(d”)工程:上記の焼成粉を粉砕した。この粉末のBET法による比表面積は87m2/g、比表面積より算出した粒子径は10.1nmであった。この粉末を300kg/cm2でプレスしたものを三菱化学(株)製Loresta IP MCP−T250を用いて四探針法により比抵抗値を測定した結果、4.7Ωcmを示した。
(e”)工程:(d”)工程で得た導電性酸化スズ粉末700gを水1400gに分散し、28重量%アンモニア水27gを添加し、ガラスビーズ(1mmφ)4600gを仕込んだアトライターで48時間湿式粉砕し、導電性酸化スズ水性ゾル3692gを得た。このゾルに含まれる電解質をさらに除去するために、水1828gで希釈した後、陰イオン交換樹脂(IRA−410、オルガノ(株)製)1リットルを詰めたカラムに通液し、次いで陽イオン交換樹脂(IR−120B、オルガノ(株)製)1リットルを詰めたカラムに通液し、酸性の導電性酸化スズ水性ゾル6176gを得た。このゾルはSnO2に換算した濃度として6.98重量%、Sb2O5に換算した濃度として0.69重量%、pH3.1、電導度219μS/cmであった。このゾルにジイソブチルアミン7.6gを添加し、アルカリ性(pH9.4、電導度99μS/cm)とした後、ロータリーエバポレータで濃縮し、濃縮ゾル910gを得た。
(f”)工程:(e”)工程で得られた濃縮ゾル910gをロータリーエバポレータでメタノール22リットルを徐々に添加しながら水を除去する方法で水媒体をメタノールに置換し、導電性酸化スズメタノールゾル1282gを得た。このゾルは比重1.09、粘度1.8mPa・s、pH(1+1)7.8、SnO2に換算した濃度として27.8重量%、Sb2O5に換算した濃度として2.6重量%、BET法による粒子の比表面積からの換算粒子径は10.1nm、米国コールター社製N4 装置による動的光散乱粒子径63nm、色差計((有)東京電色製TOPSCAN MODEL TC−1800MK)による導電性酸化スズゾルの濃度0.2重量%の溶液の全光透過率は84であった。このゾルを乾燥して導電性酸化スズ粉末として、160kg/cm2でプレスしたペレットの比抵抗値は586Ω・cmであった。
【0067】
【発明の効果】
本発明によって得られる導電性酸化スズは少量のバインダー(水溶性ポリマー、樹脂エマルジョン)と混合して塗料にした後、プラスチックス、紙、セラミックス、ガラスなどに塗布乾燥することにより導電性を付与することが出来る。
【0068】
特に導電性酸化スズゾルは粒子径が小さく、透明性が高く、その乾燥被膜は約1.7〜2.0の屈折率を示し、また結合強度、硬度のいずれもが高く、耐光性、耐候性、帯電防止性、耐摩耗性、付着性などが良好であるため、プラスチックスレンズ、フィルム、プラスチックス成形品の高屈折率ハードコート剤用マイクロフィラー、ハロゲン含有ビニル樹脂やモダアクリル樹脂などの難燃助剤、繊維、紙、プラスチックスなどの帯電防止剤、触媒や耐火物用結合剤、無機イオン交換体、紫外線吸収用マイクロフィラー、遠赤外線放射用マイクロフィラー、金属、ガラス、セラミックスの表面処理剤などの用途に使用することが出来る。
【0069】
本発明によって得られる酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合ゾルは特に粒子径が小さく、透明性が高く、その乾燥被膜は約1.7〜2.0の屈折率を示し、また結合強度、硬度のいずれもが高く、耐光性、耐候性、耐摩耗性、付着性なども良好であるため、プラスチックスレンズ、フィルム、プラスチックス成形品の高屈折率ハードコート剤用マイクロフィラー、ハロゲン含有ビニル樹脂やモダアクリル樹脂などの難燃助剤、触媒や耐火物用結合剤、無機イオン交換体、紫外線吸収用マイクロフィラー、遠赤外線放射用マイクロフィラー、金属、ガラス、セラミックスの表面処理剤などの用途に使用することが出来る。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing conductive tin oxide particles, a tin oxide-antimony oxide composite aqueous sol, a conductive tin oxide aqueous sol, and a conductive tin oxide organic sol.
[0002]
Conductive tin oxide has properties such as electrical conductivity, light transmittance, and infrared reflectivity, and is excellent in thermal and chemical stability, so it is transparent conductive paint, antistatic paint, infrared absorbing paint, conductive It is used as a conductivity regulator for ceramics, filler for pressure film paste, antistatic agent for paper / fiber / plastic rubber, or conductive agent. In recent years, with the development of the electrical and electronic industry, there has been an increasing demand for conductive and chargeable materials.
[0003]
[Prior art]
Examples of conductive materials include metals, carbon, inorganic compounds, and organic conductive materials. Film formation methods such as CVD, vacuum deposition, reactive ion plating, and sputtering, coating methods using paint, mixing by kneading, etc. A method of imparting electrical conductivity, antistatic property, etc. by the method is used. However, since the film forming method has a defect that the film area is small due to the apparatus, a coating method having a large film area and a simple process has been widely studied. In the case of this coating method, metals, carbon, and inorganic compounds such as magnetite and titanium black are often unfavorable because they are opaque and the color is close to black, and the transparency and color of the base material are impaired. Organic conductive materials are still not sufficient in terms of heat resistance, chemical resistance and strength.
[0004]
Conductive tin oxide is one of the best coating method conductive materials because it is transparent and has a light blue color and good conductivity. So far, much research has been conducted on the production of this conductive tin oxide powder. Many proposals have been made. Proposals have also been made for a method for producing a tin oxide-antimony oxide sol, a conductive tin oxide sol and a method for producing the same.
[0005]
Thermal decomposition of a coprecipitate of tin hydroxide and antimony hydroxide obtained by adding an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide to a mixed solution of stannic chloride, antimony trichloride and alcohol at 1000 to 1300 ° C A method has been proposed (for example, see Patent Document 1). In this method, since chloride (normal salt) is used as a raw material, the amount of salt (NaCl or KCl) by-produced by neutralization is remarkably large, so that washing is difficult and NaCl and KCl are likely to remain. In addition, since the produced tin hydroxide and antimony hydroxide are not a solid solution but a mixture, there is a disadvantage that the firing temperature becomes high.
[0006]
A solution of stannic chloride and antimony trichloride dissolved in an aqueous sulfuric acid solution is added to heated water to precipitate antimony-containing tin oxide fine powder, and after filtration, the precipitate is dried and then calcined at 600 ° C. and further calcined. There has been proposed a method of washing an object with pure water and drying to obtain a conductive tin oxide fine powder (see, for example, Patent Document 2). Although this method can reduce the amount of residual hydrochloric acid, it has the disadvantage of low productivity because it must be added to a large amount of water in order to complete the hydrolysis. Moreover, it has the fault that a primary particle diameter becomes large.
[0007]
An aqueous solution of stannic chloride and antimony trichloride is neutralized by adding an aqueous ammonium bicarbonate solution to form a gel, then the gel is washed, then ammonia is added to adjust the pH to 8-12, and an autoclave is used. A method for producing a crystalline tin oxide / antimony sol by performing a hydrothermal treatment has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 3). This method, like the method of Patent Document 1, is a by-product salt (NH4Since the amount of Cl) becomes too large, cleaning becomes difficult, and the slurry containing chlorine ions is autoclaved, so that the apparatus becomes expensive. The crystalline tin oxide / antimony sol is a tin oxide-antimony oxide composite sol, not a conductive tin oxide sol.
[0008]
The reaction mixture obtained by the reaction of nitric acid and metal tin is neutralized with ammonia, the precipitate is filtered and washed, and quaternary ammonium hydroxide is added to the resulting wet cake to decoagulate the cake. And a method for producing a transparent, straw-colored tin oxide-antimony pentoxide mixed sol by adding antimony trioxide to this alkaline tin oxide sol and adding hydrogen peroxide while heating (for example, , See Patent Document 4). This method produces an antimony pentoxide sol in the presence of alkaline and quaternary ammonium hydroxide, so tin oxide and antimony pentoxide do not combine, and it is a mixed sol because of the straw color described in the above patent. In addition, it is not the tin oxide-antimony oxide composite sol and the conductive tin oxide sol which are the objects of the present invention.
[0009]
After adding an acid such as hydrochloric acid or tartaric acid or an alkali such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or quaternary ammonium salt to the aqueous dispersion of conductive tin oxide powder at 5 wt% or more, 30 to 200 ° C. Has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 5). It is described that the use of a sand mill, a ball mill or the like is effective. In addition, a method has been proposed in which a sol obtained by removing sodium from the obtained alkaline conductive tin oxide sol is used as an organosol by solvent substitution. This method is a method of forming a sol by adding a considerably large amount of acid or alkali, and it is considered that the sintered portion is partially dissolved (because tin oxide is soluble in both acid and alkali). In a sense, it can be said to be a mixed state of colloid and solution. Dissolved materials also become colloids by ion exchange and deoxidation by ion exchange, but this becomes a tin oxide sol that does not exhibit conductivity, so the conductive tin oxide sol by the method of the above patent does not exhibit sufficient conductivity have.
[0010]
Hydrogen peroxide solution and metallic tin H in aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid or oxalic acid2O2A method for producing an acidic tin oxide sol characterized by adding / reacting while maintaining a / Sn molar ratio in the range of 2 to 3 is disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 6).
[0011]
The following (a) process, (b) process, (c) process and (d) process;
Step (a): Antimony trioxide and SnO in acidic tin oxide sol2Against Sb2OThreeStep of preparing a tin oxide-antimony oxide composite colloidal dispersion by maintaining at 20 to 100 ° C., and (b) step: obtained in step (a) A step of adding 0.02 to 4.0% by weight of ammonia or an organic base to the tin oxide-antimony oxide composite colloidal dispersion, followed by deanion by anion exchange to obtain an alkaline tin oxide-antimony oxide composite aqueous sol (C) Step: obtained by drying the alkaline tin oxide-antimony oxide composite aqueous sol obtained in step (b) and calcining at 400 to 800 ° C., and (d) step: obtained in step (c) A method for producing a conductive tin oxide fine powder comprising a step of pulverizing a fired product (for example, see Patent Document 7) is disclosed.
[0012]
A particle (C) obtained by coating the surface of a metal oxide colloidal particle (A) having a primary particle size of 2 to 60 nm with a coating (B) comprising colloidal particles of an acidic oxide. And a stable modified metal oxide sol containing (C) in a proportion of 2 to 50% by weight in terms of metal oxide and having a primary particle size of 2 to 100 nm (see, for example, Patent Document 8) .) Is disclosed.
[0013]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-6569 (claims on the first page)
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-61-163119 (Example 1 on page 3)
[Patent Document 3]
JP-A-62-223019 (claims on page 1, examples on page 2)
[Patent Document 4]
JP 59-62341 A (Example 6 and Example 7 on page 5)
[Patent Document 5]
JP-A-62-230619
[Patent Document 6]
JP-A 64-27635 (Claims on page 1)
[Patent Document 7]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-251018 (claims on page 2)
[Patent Document 8]
JP 2001-122621 A (Claims on page 2)
[Patent Document 9]
U.S. Pat. No. 3,888,788
[Non-Patent Document 1]
Weser's “Inorganic Colloidal Chemistry”, Volume 2, 1938, p. 240.
[0014]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, many proposals have been made for the production method of conductive tin oxide particles, tin oxide-antimony oxide composite sol, and conductive tin oxide sol, but this method is satisfactory in terms of performance and economy. Absent.
[0015]
In Patent Document 6, hydrogen peroxide solution and metallic tin are added to an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid or oxalic acid.2O2A method for producing an acidic tin oxide sol characterized by adding / reacting while maintaining a / Sn molar ratio in the range of 2 to 3 has been proposed. This acidic tin oxide sol is a stable sol with a high concentration, a low acid content, a relatively low viscosity. The present inventors paid attention to the fact that the tin oxide colloid of tin oxide is small and has good dispersibility, and that the tin oxide colloid can be easily combined with the alkylamine-containing antimony pentoxide colloid. It was found that conductive tin oxide can be easily obtained by complexing antimony pentoxide to form a tin oxide-antimony oxide complex and then firing, and the present invention has been completed.
[0016]
The object of the present invention is a method for producing conductive tin oxide particles having excellent transparency, dispersibility, and conductivity, a method for producing a tin oxide-antimony oxide composite sol, an aqueous sol of conductive tin oxide, and a method for producing an organic solvent sol Is to provide.
[0017]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a first aspect of the present invention, the following (a) step, (b) step, (c) step and (d) step:
(A) Process: To acidic tin oxide solAlkylamine / Sb 2 O Five Alkylamine having a molar ratio of 0.8 to 2.2Containing antimony pentoxide sol with SnO2Against Sb2O5As a step of aging at room temperature to 100 ° C.
(B) Step: A step of adding ammonia or an organic base to the tin oxide-antimony oxide composite colloidal dispersion obtained in the step (a) and deanion by anion exchange to obtain an alkaline tin oxide-antimony oxide composite aqueous sol. ,
(C) Step: Step of baking the alkaline tin oxide-antimony oxide composite aqueous sol obtained in step (b) at 400 to 800 ° C. after drying, and
(D) Step: A method for producing conductive tin oxide particles comprising the step of crushing the fired product obtained in Step (c),
As a second aspect, the following steps (a ′), (c ′) and (d ′):
Step (a ′): To alkaline tin oxide solAlkylamine / Sb 2 O Five Alkylamine having a molar ratio of 0.8 to 2.2Containing antimony pentoxide SnO2Against Sb2O5Adding 2.0 to 20% by weight and aging at room temperature to 100 ° C. to obtain a tin oxide-antimony oxide composite colloidal dispersion,
(C ′) step: a step of drying the alkaline tin oxide-antimony oxide composite aqueous sol obtained in the step (a ′) after baking at 400 to 800 ° C .;
(D ') step: a method for producing conductive tin oxide particles comprising the step of crushing the fired product obtained in step (c'),
As a third viewpoint,Described in the first aspect(A) Process, (b) Process, (c) Processas well as(D) ProcessAndStep (e) below:
Step (e): Dispersing the conductive tin oxide particles obtained in the step (d) in water and wet-grinding to prepare a dispersion of conductive tin oxide colloid aggregates, and then adding ammonia or an organic base to the dispersion A step of adding 0.02 to 4.0% by weight with respect to the conductive tin oxide, and a method for producing a conductive tin oxide aqueous sol,
As a fourth viewpoint,Described in the second aspectStep (a ′), Step (c ′)as well as(D ′) StepAndStep (e) below:
Step (e): Dispersing the conductive tin oxide particles obtained in the step (d ′) in water, wet-grinding to prepare a dispersion of conductive tin oxide colloid aggregates, and then dispersing the ammonia or organic base A step of adding 0.02 to 4.0% by weight of the liquid conductive tin oxide, and a method for producing a conductive tin oxide aqueous sol,
As a fifth aspect,3Viewpoint or number4After the step (e) described in the viewpoint, the following step (f):
(F) Step: After adding an organic acid and / or organic base to the conductive tin oxide aqueous sol obtained in the step (e) at a ratio of 1.0 to 20% by weight with respect to the conductive tin oxide, A method for producing a conductive tin oxide organic solvent sol, which includes a step of replacing an aqueous solvent with an organic solvent, and
As a sixth aspect, the tin oxide sol used as a raw material contains hydrogen peroxide water and metal tin in an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution so that the tin oxide concentration is 15 to 40% by weight.2O2/ Sn molar ratio is kept in the range of 2 to 3 to produce tin oxide colloid aggregates, then the aggregates are separated and obtained by adjusting the pH of the tin oxide sol produced by peptization in water. 1st viewpoint thru | or5The manufacturing method according to any one of the aspects.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As a method for obtaining an acidic tin oxide sol used as a raw material in the present invention, Sn is used.4+Soluble salts of e.g. SnCl4) Method of removing anions from an aqueous solution with an anion exchange resin (Patent Document 9), fresh tin oxide gel obtained at room temperature by reaction of stannic chloride and alkali or sodium stannate and hydrochloric acid is peptized with mineral acid Method (Non-Patent Document 1), a method of removing sodium from a sodium stannate aqueous solution with a cation exchange resin, hydrogen peroxide and metallic tin in an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid or oxalic acid.2O2There is a method of adding and reacting while maintaining the / Sn molar ratio in the range of 2 to 3 (Patent Document 6).
[0019]
The acidic tin oxide sol used in the present invention is prepared by a known method, but the shape of the tin oxide colloidal particles is clear, and the acid amount is as small as possible and does not contain ions other than acid radicals (especially alkali ions). Those are preferred. In particular, hydrogen peroxide solution and metallic tin are added to the aqueous hydrochloric acid solution so that the tin oxide concentration in the solution is 15 to 40% by weight.2O2An acidic tin oxide sol prepared by a method of adding and reacting while maintaining the Sn / Sn molar ratio in the range of 2 to 3 to form an aggregate of tin oxide colloid, then separating the aggregate and peptizing with water Most preferred.
[0020]
The acidic tin oxide sol prepared by this method has a strip shape or spindle shape with a width of 2 nm and a length of 5 to 10 nm according to the observation of an electron microscope. Small aggregates are formed. In addition, the specific surface area (BET method) of this sol dried at 130 ° C. is as very large as 120 to 200 m 2 / g, the particle diameter from the specific surface area is as small as 4.4 to 7.2 nm, and the reactivity is very high. . Further, as a result of X-ray diffraction, this dried product shows a peak of custolite, and this tin oxide colloid is crystalline. The amount of hydrochloric acid in the tin oxide sol is tin oxide (SnO2) And a Cl / Sn molar ratio of 0.25 to 0.5 and stannic chloride (SnCl4) Significantly less. In the present invention, as the tin oxide sol, either an acidic tin oxide sol having a pH of 0.1 to 7 or an alkaline tin oxide sol having a pH of 7 to 11 can be used.
[0021]
Alkaline tin oxide sols include the above-mentioned acidic tin oxide sols and alkylamines such as ethylamine, diethylamine, n-propylamine, isopropylamine, diisopropylamine, dipropylamine, n-butylamine, isobutylamine, diisobutylamine, triethylamine, and benzylamine. , Alkanolamines such as monoethanolamine and triethanolamine, quaternary ammonium hydroxides such as guanidine hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide and tetraethylammonium hydroxide, and carbonates such as ammonia carbonate and guanidine carbonate. An alkaline tin oxide sol can be prepared by adding a basic substance such as a salt.
[0022]
In the present invention, the tin oxide sol is stannic oxide (SnO).2) One having a concentration of 2 to 30% by weight can be used. If the concentration is less than 2% by weight, the productivity is deteriorated, and if the concentration exceeds 30% by weight, the reaction becomes non-uniform when complexed with antimony pentoxide.
[0023]
In the present invention, the negatively charged antimony pentoxide colloid is electrically attracted around the positively charged tin oxide sol, and antimony pentoxide is bonded to the surface of the tin oxide particles by a chemical bond to form a composite. . Therefore, the tin oxide-antimony oxide composite colloid is not a mixture of a tin oxide colloid and an antimony oxide colloid.
[0024]
In the steps (a) and (a ′) of the present invention, SnO derived from a tin oxide sol2Component and Sb derived from antimony pentoxide sol2OFiveSb whose component is 0.02 to 2.02OFive/ SnO2This is a stage for producing a sol composed of tin oxide-antimony oxide composite particles contained in a weight ratio. For acidic or alkaline tin oxide solAlkylamine / Sb 2 O Five Alkylamine having a molar ratio of 0.8 to 2.2Containing antimony pentoxide sol with SnO2Against Sb2OFiveIn an amount of 2.0 to 20% by weight, and aged at room temperature (20 ° C.) to 100 ° C., preferably 70 to 100 ° C. In the steps (a) and (a ′), a tin oxide-antimony oxide composite colloidal dispersion is obtained.
[0025]
In the step (b) of the present invention, ammonia or an organic base is added to the tin oxide-antimony oxide composite colloidal dispersion obtained in the step (a), and 0.02 to 4.0 with respect to the metal oxide in the dispersion. It is added by weight% and deanion is carried out by anion exchange to obtain an alkaline tin oxide-antimony oxide composite sol. If it is 0.02% or less, peptization is incomplete and a part that does not form sol is produced. If it is 4.0% or more, the added amount becomes excessive, which is not economical, and the odor becomes strong, and volatilization occurs during drying and firing. Since the amount is large, it is not preferable.
[0026]
In the step (b) of the present invention, as the organic base, alkylamines such as ethylamine, diethylamine, n-propylamine, isopropylamine, diisopropylamine, dipropylamine, n-butylamine, isobutylamine, diisobutylamine, triethylamine, benzylamine, mono Alkanolamines such as ethanolamine and triethanolamine, quaternary ammonium hydroxides such as guanidine hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, and tetraethylammonium hydroxide can be used. Further, carbonates such as ammonia carbonate and guanidine carbonate can also be used.
[0027]
In the present invention, stirring can be carried out using a normal stirring machine such as a Faudler type or a Satake type, or a high speed stirring machine such as a disper or a homomixer. Further, a method such as a sand grinder or a ball mill is also possible.
[0028]
Solid content concentration (SnO in the tin oxide-antimony oxide composite sol of the present invention)2(Sb2O5)XHowever, x = 0.01 to 0.10 mol) can be 5 to 30% by weight. If it is 5% or less, it is not economical, and if it is 30% or more, the viscosity becomes too high. Preferably, it is 10 to 30% by weight.
[0029]
The composite sol can be imparted with conductivity by drying and baking (400 ° C. or higher), and can be used for imparting conductivity to the surface of glass, ceramics and the like.
[0030]
The pH of the sol of the present invention is preferably 7-11. Since the equipotential point of tin oxide is in the neutral range, it does not become a sol when acidic.
[0031]
In the present invention, since the tin oxide-antimony oxide composite colloidal aggregate slurry obtained in step (b) contains ammonia or a salt of an organic base (such as ammonium chloride), it is not preferable to dry and calcinate it as it is. Therefore, deanion of the tin oxide-antimony oxide composite colloidal aggregate is required.
[0032]
In the present invention, an anion exchange resin or the like can be used for deanion of the tin oxide-antimony oxide composite colloid. As anion exchange resin used here,
A gel type anion exchange resin such as Amberlite IRA-410 (Organo Co., Ltd.) can be used.
[0033]
In the steps (c) and (c ′) of the present invention, the obtained tin oxide-antimony oxide composite sol is dried. As a drying method, it is possible to dry with a spray dryer, a drum dryer, a freeze dryer or the like. The drying temperature of the present invention is not particularly limited because there is a baking step later, but it can be performed at room temperature (20 ° C.) to 400 ° C. in view of the apparatus or operation.
[0034]
In the present invention, the acid radical amount in the dried tin oxide-antimony oxide composite colloid is preferably 1.0% by weight or less based on the weight of the solid content. Conductive tin oxide particles can be obtained even if the amount of acid radicals remaining is large, but if the amount of acid radicals is large, the solid solution of antimony oxide in tin oxide during firing will be insufficient, or the metal in the firing furnace will be corroded. It is not preferable because it causes In this case, it can be reduced to 1.0% by weight or less by the method of washing with water by centrifugation, filter press, suction filtration, pressure filtration, ultrafiltration, decantation or the like.
[0035]
In the steps (c) and (c ′) of the present invention, the firing temperature can be 400 ° C. to 800 ° C., preferably 500 ° C. to 700 ° C. Although conductive tin oxide can be obtained even at a temperature exceeding 800 ° C., the primary particles become large, and since sintering proceeds, the particle diameter becomes large even if pulverized, which is not preferable. Moreover, if it is less than 400 degreeC, since solid-phase reaction does not fully occur and electroconductive oxide particles cannot be obtained, it is not preferable.
[0036]
In the present invention, the firing time is preferably 0.5 hours to 40 hours. If the time is 0.5 hours or less, the solid solution does not progress, and the conductivity is not high. If the time is 40 hours or more, there is no problem in performance, but the heat cost is high, which is not preferable. An electric furnace or a gas furnace can be used for firing, and any type of firing furnace such as a box type or kiln type can be used, and the firing is performed in an air atmosphere. In the case of a gas furnace, an oxidizing atmosphere is preferable. The fired conductive tin oxide generally exhibits a grayish blue color, but in a reducing atmosphere, the bluish color is reduced to a light gray color, and the conductive performance is slightly lowered. Moreover, when the amount of residual oxygen increases, it becomes grayish green blue.
[0037]
In the step of drying the tin oxide-antimony oxide composite colloid dispersion liquid of the present invention, the composite colloid particles are partially bonded to form a relatively hard gel, but the specific surface area of the dried product of the composite colloid aggregate is 300 ° C. 90-130m2The primary particle size is 6.7 to 9.7 nm, and the increase in particle size due to drying is small. Therefore, the particle-particle bond is weak, and the gel easily becomes fine particles by pulverization.
[0038]
In the step (d) and step (d ′) of the present invention, the pulverization can be performed either before or after firing, or both, and the pulverization can be performed using a high-speed rotary mixer, a pin disc mill, a jet ohmizer, a ball mill, or the like. Can be used. In the method of drying the tin oxide-antimony oxide composite colloidal dispersion in the steps (b) and (a ′), the dried product is dried in the form of a cake and needs to be pulverized before and after firing.
[0039]
By baking the tin oxide-antimony oxide composite colloid dried product at 400 to 800 ° C., the antimony oxide is dissolved in the tin oxide and becomes a colloidal conductive tin oxide.
[0040]
The specific surface area of the conductive tin oxide obtained by the present invention is 40 to 70 m.2According to observation with a transmission electron microscope at / g, the primary particles were particles having a shape of approximately 10 to 25 nm, which was in good agreement with the particle diameter of 12.5 to 21.9 nm from the specific surface area. The primary particle size tended to increase as the firing temperature increased. Since the conductive tin oxide of the present invention is an aggregated body of particles whose primary particles are nearly spherical, it is easy to be pulverized, and fine particles having a particle diameter of 0.5 to 3 μm can be obtained by the above-mentioned dry pulverization.
[0041]
The obtained conductive tin oxide particles are SnO derived from a tin oxide sol.2Component and Sb derived from antimony pentoxide sol2O5Sb whose component is 0.02 to 2.02O5/ SnO2Weight ratio, (SnO2(Sb2O5)X However, x = 0.01-0.10 mol).
[0042]
In the present invention, when the amount of oxygen cannot be reduced sufficiently, the amount of oxygen can be further reduced by washing the conductive tin oxide obtained by firing with water. The amount of oxygen in the conductive tin oxide is preferably 0.3% by weight or less based on the solid content. The conductive tin oxide particles of the present invention are 300 kg / cm.2The specific resistance of the material pressed at 0.1 to 100 Ω · cm.
[0043]
As a result of powder X-ray diffraction, the conductive tin oxide fine powder of the present invention shows a sharp diffraction peak of cassiterite and has good crystallinity.
[0044]
The conductive tin oxide powder obtained by the steps (d) and (d ′) of the present invention has a particle size of 0.5 to 3 μm by combining or aggregating colloidal particles having a primary particle size of 10 to 25 nm. It is. In general, the bond becomes strong by firing and it is difficult to break the bond by mechanical pulverization, but the conductive tin oxide powder of the present invention is surprisingly formed by mechanical pulverization (physical pulverization) in the step (e). It was found that it can be dispersed to the colloid level.
[0045]
In the present invention, the above-mentioned conductive tin oxide particles can be dispersed in water and dispersed to the colloidal particles by wet pulverization using a pulverizer such as a sand grinder, ball mill, or attritor. However, since the conductive tin oxide powder contains a small amount of chlorine ions, the dispersion exhibits weak acidity (pH 2 to 5). The conductive tin oxide of the present invention is tin oxide (SnO2) Antimony pentoxide (Sb)2O5), And the equipotential point of tin oxide is neutral (pH 5 to 7), whereas the equipotential point of antimony pentoxide is pH 1 or less. Therefore, this conductive tin oxide sol Is neutral and alkaline and is negatively charged and stable, but in the acidic region, cation sites (Sn4+Site) and anion site (Sb)5+Colloidal particles agglomerate due to the coexistence of sites). Therefore, the dispersion obtained by the mechanical (physical) pulverization is not an sol but an aggregate dispersion of conductive tin oxide colloid (the liquid does not exhibit transparency). The aggregate of the conductive tin oxide colloid obtains a charge repulsion by changing the pH from neutral to alkaline and becomes a sol.
[0046]
In the present invention, ammonia or ethylamine, methylamine, n-propylamine, isopropylamine, diisopropylamine, n-butylamine, isobutylamine, diisobutylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, triethylamine, benzylamine, monoethanol Add organic bases such as amines, amines such as triethanolamine, guanidine hydroxide, quaternary ammonium hydroxides such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethanolammonium hydroxide, from room temperature to A conductive tin oxide aqueous sol can be produced by heating at 100 ° C. Ammonia and low boiling point amines are particularly preferred.
[0047]
In the present invention, the amount of ammonia or organic base added is a single or mixed conductive tin oxide (SnO).2(Sb2O5)X However, 0.02-4.0 weight% is preferable with respect to x = 0.01-0.10 mol). If it is 0.02% or less, it does not become a sol, and if it is 4.0% or more, it becomes a sol, but it is not preferable because the odor becomes strong, the amount of volatilization during drying increases, or the conductivity decreases.
[0048]
In the present invention, the solid content concentration during mechanical (physical) pulverization is preferably 20 to 50% by weight. If it is 20% or less, the pulverization efficiency is poor, and if it is 50% or more, the viscosity becomes too high.
[0049]
In the present invention, since the conductive tin oxide colloid aggregate dispersion settles down by standing, the amount of acid such as chlorine remaining by washing by a gradient method can be reduced as necessary.
[0050]
In the present invention, when the conductive tin oxide fine powder dispersion is wet pulverized, the ammonia or the organic base can be added. However, the tin oxide is dissolved in the organic base, or the ammonia or the organic base is firmly attached to the tin oxide surface. It is not preferable because of bonding.
[0051]
In the present invention, ammonia or an organic base is easily added to the wet pulverized conductive tin oxide colloidal aggregate dispersion liquid, but the pulverization is insufficient. In the present invention, the ratio of the conductive tin oxide particles in the aqueous conductive tin oxide aqueous sol to the conductive tin oxide particles added to water, that is, the solification rate is 70% or more, but the sediment is settled and centrifuged. It can be removed by such a method.
[0052]
The conductive tin oxide aqueous sol of the present invention has a solid content (SnO2(Sb2O5)X However, x = 0.01 to 0.10 mol) is 5 to 40% by weight. If it is 5% or less, it is not economical, and if it is 40% or more, the viscosity becomes high. The pH of the sol is preferably 7-11.
[0053]
After adding an organic base and / or an organic acid to the conductive tin oxide aqueous sol obtained in the step (e) as the step (f) of the present invention, the conductive tin oxide is replaced with a solvent while adding the organic solvent. An organic solvent sol can be produced.
[0054]
Examples of the organic base used in the step (f) of the present invention include ethylamine, methylamine, n-propylamine, isopropylamine, diisopropylamine, n-butylamine, isobutylamine, diisobutylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, and triethylamine. Quaternary ammonium hydroxides such as alkylamines such as benzylamine, alkanolamines such as monoethanolamine and triethanolamine, guanidine hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide and tetraethanolammonium hydroxide In particular, alkylamine having high volatility is particularly preferable. The amount of organic base added may be conductive tin oxide (SnO) alone or as a mixture thereof.2(Sb2O5)X However, 0.1-20.0 weight% is preferable with respect to x = 0.01-0.10 mol).
[0055]
Examples of the organic acid used in step (f) of the present invention include oxycarboxylic acids such as glycolic acid, tartaric acid and citric acid, and phenylphosphonic acid. The amount of organic acid added may be conductive tin oxide (SnO) alone or as a mixture thereof.2(Sb2O5)X However, 0.1-20.0 weight% is preferable with respect to x = 0.01-0.10 mol).
[0056]
Examples of the organic solvent used in the step (f) of the present invention include lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol, linear amides such as dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and the like. Cyclic amides, glycol ethers such as ethyl cellosolve, ethylene glycols and the like.
[0057]
The conductive tin oxide organic solvent sol of the present invention has a solid content (SnO2(Sb2O5)X However, x = 0.01 to 0.10 mol) is 5 to 50% by weight. If it is 5% or less, it is not economical, and if it is 50% or more, the viscosity becomes high.
[0058]
The conductive tin oxide sol of the present invention has a primary particle size of 10 to 25 nm and is stable because the particle size in the liquid is 150 nm or less. unacceptable.
[0059]
The conductive tin oxide aqueous sol of the present invention exhibits conductivity by drying to remove water. Therefore, after the aqueous sol is mixed with a small amount of a binder (water-soluble polymer, resin emulsion) to form a paint, conductivity can be imparted by coating and drying on plastics, paper, ceramics, glass and the like.
[0060]
【Example】
Production of acidic stannic oxide aqueous sol (A-1)
An acidic stannic oxide aqueous sol was prepared by reaction of metallic tin powder, aqueous hydrochloric acid and aqueous hydrogen peroxide. This sol has a specific gravity of 1.420, a pH of 0.40, a viscosity of 32 cp immediately after stirring, SnO2Content: 33.0% by weight, HCl content: 2.56% by weight, spindle-shaped colloidal particle diameter of 10 mm or less by electron microscope, specific surface area of particles by BET method 120 m2 / G, the converted particle diameter from this specific surface area was 7.2 nm, and the dynamic light scattering particle diameter was 107 nm using a N4 apparatus manufactured by Coulter USA.
[0061]
Production of alkaline component-containing antimony pentoxide aqueous sol (B-1)
Antimony trioxide (manufactured by Guangdong Sangoku, Sb2O3Containing 99.5%. ) 52.6 g, pure water 444 g and diisopropylamine 40.2 g were added, the temperature was raised to 70 ° C. with stirring with a stirrer, and 53% of 35% hydrogen peroxide was gradually added. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was filtered through glass filter paper (GA-100 manufactured by ADVANTEC). Concentration is Sb2O5As 9.8 wt%, diisopropylamine as 6.8 wt%, diisopropylamine / Sb2O5The molar ratio was 2.2, and the primary particle diameter was 1 to 10 nm as observed with a transmission electron microscope.
[0062]
Preparation of alkali component-containing antimony pentoxide aqueous sol (B-2)
Antimony trioxide (manufactured by Guangdong Sangoku, Sb2O3Containing 99.5%. 87.6 g of pure water, 460 g of pure water and 39.2 g of potassium hydroxide (manufactured by Koso Chemical Co., Ltd., reagent grade 1), and the temperature was raised to 70 ° C. with stirring with a stirrer. Added to. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was filtered through glass filter paper (GA-100 manufactured by ADVANTEC). Concentration is Sb2O5As 15 wt%, potassium hydroxide as 5.6 wt%, K2O / Sb2O5The molar ratio of was 1.0.
[0063]
The obtained aqueous solution of potassium antimonate was diluted to 2.5% by weight and passed through a column packed with a cation type ion exchange resin. To the antimonic acid solution after the ion exchange, 39.5 g of diisopropylamine was added with stirring to obtain an alkali component-containing antimony pentoxide colloidal solution. Concentration is Sb2O5As 2.2 wt%, diisopropylamine as 0.9 wt%, diisopropylamine / Sb2O5The primary particle diameter was 1 to 10 nm as observed with a transmission electron microscope.
[0064]
Preparation of alkali component-containing antimony pentoxide aqueous sol (B-3)
Antimony trioxide (manufactured by Guangdong Sangoku, Sb2O3Containing 99.5%. ) 56.9 g, pure water 313 g and 85% phosphoric acid 15.3 g (P2O5/ Sb2O5As a result, the mixture was heated to 70 ° C. with stirring with a stirrer, and 77.8 g of 35% hydrogen peroxide was gradually added. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was filtered through glass filter paper (GA-100 manufactured by ADVANTEC). Concentration is Sb2O5And 13.2 wt% phosphoric acid and 0.14 wt% phosphoric acid. 15.8 g of diisopropylamine was further added to the obtained antimony pentoxide sol to obtain a phosphoric acid-amine-containing antimony pentoxide sol. Concentration is Sb2O5As 13.2 wt%, phosphoric acid as 2.0 wt%, and diisopropylamine as 3.3 wt%. Diisopropylamine / Sb2O5The molar ratio was 0.80, and the primary particle diameter was 3 to 12 nm as observed with a transmission electron microscope.
[0065]
Preparation of alkali component-containing antimony pentoxide aqueous sol (B-4)
Antimony trioxide (manufactured by Guangdong Sangoku, Sb2O3Containing 99.5%. 63.4 g of pure water, 412.2 g of pure water, 17.1 g of 85% phosphoric acid and 45.2 g of diisopropylamine were added, the temperature was raised to 70 ° C. with stirring with a stirrer, and 42.1 g of 35% hydrogen peroxide was gradually added. Added to. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was filtered through glass filter paper. Concentration is Sb2O5As 12.1% by weight, diisopropylamine / Sb2O5The molar ratio of was 2.1. 17.5 g of diisopropylamine was added to the obtained antimony pentoxide sol to obtain 597.5 g of an alkali component-containing antimony pentoxide sol. The primary particle diameter was 2 to 12 nm as observed with a transmission electron microscope.
[0066]
Example 1
Step (a): 5148 g of the alkali component-containing antimony pentoxide colloid prepared in B-2 above, 2400 g of acidic stannic oxide aqueous sol prepared in A-1 (SnO2 812 g) with stirring, 1268 g of pure water was added, and the diluted sol was added and mixed to obtain 8912 g of an acidic tin oxide-antimony oxide composite colloidal dispersion.
Step (b): 8912 g of the tin oxide-antimony oxide composite colloidal dispersion obtained in step (a) was passed through a column packed with 1 liter of anion exchange resin (Amberlite IRA-410, manufactured by Organo Corp.). To remove Cl to obtain 10680 g of an alkaline tin oxide-antimony oxide composite sol. This is SnO2The concentration was 7.6% by weight, pH was 10.1, and conductivity was 810 μS / cm. The sol was concentrated using a rotary evaporator to obtain 4060 g of concentrated sol. This sol is SnO2The concentration was 20 wt%, pH 7.3, and conductivity 5740 μS / cm.
Step (c): The concentrated sol obtained in Step (b) was dried with a spray dryer to obtain 968 g of dry powder. This dry powder was put into an electric furnace and baked at 550 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a conductive tin oxide powder.
Step (d): The fired powder obtained in step (c) was pulverized. The specific surface area of this powder by the BET method is 72 m.2The particle diameter calculated from / g and the specific surface area was 12.2 nm. This powder was press-molded at 300 kg / cm 2, and the specific resistance value was measured by a four-probe method using Loresta IP MCP-T250 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation. As a result, it was 3.0 Ωcm.
Step (e): Disperse 700 g of conductive tin oxide particles obtained in step (d) in 1400 g of water, add 25 g of 28 wt% ammonia water, and wet for 48 hours with an attritor charged with 4600 g of glass beads (1 mmφ). By grinding, 4021 g of conductive tin oxide aqueous sol was obtained. In order to further remove the electrolyte contained in this sol, it was diluted with 2480 g of water, passed through a column packed with 1 liter of anion exchange resin (IRA-41O, Organo Corp.), and then cation exchange. The solution was passed through a column packed with 1 liter of resin (IR-120B, manufactured by Organo Corporation) to obtain 6670 g of an acidic conductive tin oxide aqueous sol. This sol is SnO2It was 10% by weight, pH 3.3, and conductivity 175 μS / cm. To this sol, 11 g of diisobutylamine was added to make it alkaline (PH 8.8, conductivity 143 μS / cm), and then concentrated with a rotary evaporator to obtain 1436 g of concentrated sol.
Step (f): 185 g of the concentrated sol obtained in step (e) was replaced with methanol by removing water while gradually adding 4 liters of methanol with a rotary evaporator, and conductive tin oxide methanol sol 174 .5 g was obtained. This sol has a specific gravity of 1.08, a viscosity of 1.8 mPa · s, pH (1 + 1) 7.8, SnO.227.87 wt% as a concentration converted to Sb, Sb2O5The concentration converted to 2.34% by weight, the converted particle size from the specific surface area of the particles by the BET method is 12.0 nm, the particle size is 67 nm by the dynamic light scattering method using the N4 apparatus manufactured by Coulter USA, and the color difference meter (( ) The total light transmittance of a conductive tin oxide sol solution having a concentration of 0.2% by weight according to Tokyo Denshoku TOPSCAN MODEL TC-1800MK) was 84. This sol was dried to form a conductive tin oxide powder of 160 kg / cm.2The specific resistance value of the pellets pressed at 135 was 135 Ω · cm.
Example 2
Step (a ′): Acidic stannic oxide aqueous sol 3274 g (SnO) prepared in A-1 above2 1100 g) with stirring, 18700 g of pure water was added and diluted, and then 27.5 g of isopropylamine was added to obtain a diluted dispersion. This dispersion was dechlorinated by passing it through a column filled with 10 liters of an anion exchange resin (Amberlite IRA-410, manufactured by Organo Corp.) to obtain 25000 g of an alkaline tin oxide sol. This is SnO2It was 4.1% by weight, pH 10.1, and conductivity 243 μS / cm. 1836 g of the alkali component-containing antimony pentoxide colloid prepared in the above B-2 was added to 21000 g of the obtained alkaline tin oxide sol, and the mixture was aged by heating at 90 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain 26500 g of an alkaline tin oxide-antimony oxide composite sol. It was. This is SnO2The concentration was 3.3 wt%, pH 9.1, and conductivity 822 μS / cm. This sol was concentrated using a rotary evaporator to obtain 4375 g of concentrated sol.
Step (c ′): The concentrated sol obtained in step (a ′) was dried with a spray dryer to obtain 874 g of dry powder. This dry powder was put into an electric furnace and baked at 550 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain 830 g of conductive tin oxide powder.
Step (d ′): The fired powder was pulverized. The specific surface area of this powder by the BET method is 70.0 m.2The particle diameter calculated from / g and specific surface area was 12.6 nm. 300 kg / cm of this powder2As a result of measuring a specific resistance value by a four-probe method using a Loresta IP MCP-T250 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, a value of 4.3 Ωcm was shown.
Step (e): 700 g of the conductive tin oxide powder obtained in step (d ′) is dispersed in 1400 g of water, added with 25 g of 28 wt% ammonia water, and charged with 4600 g of glass beads (1 mmφ) for 48 hours. Wet pulverization gave 4021 g of conductive tin oxide aqueous sol. In order to further remove the electrolyte contained in the sol, after diluting with water, the solution was passed through a column packed with 1 liter of anion exchange resin (IRA-41O, Organo Corp.), and then cation exchange resin. (IR-120B, manufactured by Organo Corporation) was passed through a column packed with 1 liter to obtain 6670 g of acidic conductive tin oxide aqueous sol. This sol is SnO2The concentration was 10.0 wt%, pH 4.1, and conductivity 196 μS / cm. To this sol, 11 g of diisobutylamine was added to make it alkaline (PH 8.9, conductivity 161 μS / cm), and then concentrated with a rotary evaporator to obtain 1313 g of concentrated sol.
Step (f): 130 g of the concentrated sol obtained in step (e) was replaced with methanol by removing water while gradually adding 6 liters of methanol with a rotary evaporator, and 211 g of conductive tin oxide methanol sol was obtained. Got. This sol has a specific gravity of 1.09, a viscosity of 1.8 mPa · s, pH (1 + 1) 7.6, SnO.227.9 wt% as a concentration converted to Sb, Sb2O5The concentration converted to 2.7% by weight, the converted particle size from the specific surface area of the particles by the BET method is 12.3 nm, the dynamic light scattering particle size is 65 nm by a N4 apparatus manufactured by Coulter USA, and the color difference meter (Tokyo) The total light transmittance of a solution of a conductive tin oxide sol having a concentration of 0.2% by weight according to Densoku TOPSCAN MODEL TC-1800MK was 86. This sol was dried to form a conductive tin oxide powder of 160 kg / cm.2The specific resistance of the pellets pressed at 110 was 110 Ω · cm.
Example 3
(A) Process: 2400 g of acidic stannic oxide aqueous sol prepared in A-1 was added to 625 g of the alkali component-containing antimony pentoxide colloid prepared in B-1 above (SnO2813 g) with stirring, 5886 g of pure water was added, and the diluted sol was added and mixed to obtain 8911 g of an acidic tin oxide-antimony oxide composite colloidal dispersion.
Step (b): 8911 g of the tin oxide-antimony oxide composite colloidal dispersion obtained in step (a) is passed through a column packed with an anion exchange resin (Amberlite IRA-410, manufactured by Organo Corporation). To obtain 8918 g of an alkaline tin oxide-antimony oxide composite sol. This product had a pH of 10.2 and an electric conductivity of 810 μS / cm. This sol was concentrated using a rotary evaporator to obtain 4255 g of concentrated sol. This sol is SnO2It was 20.0% by weight, pH 7.4, and conductivity 6200 μS / cm.
Step (c): The concentrated sol obtained in step (b) was dried with a spray dryer to obtain 969 g of dry powder. This dry powder was put into an electric furnace and baked at 550 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain 921 g of conductive tin oxide powder.
(D) Process: Said baking powder was grind | pulverized. The specific surface area of this powder by the BET method was 67 m 2 / g, and the particle diameter calculated from the specific surface area was 13.2 nm. When this powder was press-molded at 300 kg / cm 2, the specific resistance value was measured by the four-probe method using Loresta IP MCP-T250 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, and the result showed 3.9 Ωcm.
Step (e): 700 g of conductive tin oxide powder obtained in step (d) is dispersed in 1400 g of water, 25 g of 28 wt% ammonia water is added, and wet for 48 hours with an attritor charged with 4600 g of glass beads (1 mmφ). By grinding, 4021 g of conductive tin oxide aqueous sol was obtained. In order to further remove the electrolyte contained in the sol, after diluting with water, the solution was passed through a column packed with 1 liter of anion exchange resin (IRA-41O, Organo Corp.), and then cation exchange resin. (IR-120B, manufactured by Organo Corporation) was passed through a column packed with 1 liter to obtain 6670 g of acidic conductive tin oxide aqueous sol. This sol is SnO2It was 11.6 wt%, pH 3.5, and conductivity 148 µS / cm. To this sol, 11 g of diisobutylamine was added to make it alkaline (PH 9.6, conductivity 146 μS / cm) and then concentrated with a rotary evaporator to obtain 1307 g of concentrated sol.
Step (f): 97 g of the concentrated sol obtained in Step (e) was replaced with methanol by removing water while gradually adding 22 liters of methanol with a rotary evaporator, and conductive tin oxide methanol sol 142 0.1 g was obtained. This sol has a specific gravity of 1.12, a viscosity of 1.8 mPa · s, PH (1 + 1) 7.4, SnO.2The concentration converted to 30.4% by weight, Sb2O5The concentration converted to 2.5% by weight, the converted particle size from the specific surface area of the particles by the BET method is 11.9 nm, the dynamic light scattering particle size 58 nm by N4 apparatus manufactured by Coulter USA, color difference meter (Tokyo) The total light transmittance of a solution of a conductive tin oxide sol having a concentration of 0.2% by weight according to Densoku TOPSCAN MODEL TC-1800MK was 86. This sol was dried to form a conductive tin oxide powder of 160 kg / cm.2The specific resistance of the pellets pressed at 104 was 104 Ω · cm.
Example 4
Step (a ′): Acidic stannic oxide aqueous sol 3274 g (SnO) prepared in A-1 above21100 g) with stirring, 18700 g of pure water was added and diluted, and then 27.5 g of isopropylamine was added to obtain a diluted dispersion. This dispersion was dechlorinated by passing it through a column filled with 10 liters of an anion exchange resin (Amberlite IRA-410, manufactured by Organo Corp.) to obtain 25000 g of an alkaline tin oxide sol. This is SnO2The concentration was 4.1% by weight, pH was 10.1, and conductivity was 243 μS / cm. 480 g of the alkali component-containing antimony pentoxide colloid prepared in the above B-1 was added to 16,000 g of the obtained alkaline tin oxide sol, and the mixture was aged by heating at 90 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain 16480 g of an alkaline tin oxide-antimony oxide composite sol. It was. This is SnO2The concentration was 4.1 wt%, pH 9.1, and conductivity 822 μS / cm. This sol was concentrated using a rotary evaporator to obtain 3445 g of concentrated sol.
Step (c ′): The concentrated sol obtained in step (a ′) was dried with a spray dryer to obtain 988 g of dry powder. This dry powder was put into an electric furnace and baked at 550 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain 939 g of conductive tin oxide powder.
Step (d ′): The fired powder was pulverized. The specific surface area of this powder by the BET method is 58.8 m.2The particle diameter calculated from / g and the specific surface area was 15.0 nm. 300 kg / cm of this powder2As a result of measuring a specific resistance value by a four-probe method using a Loresta IP MCP-T250 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, it was 3.0 Ω · cm.
Step (e): 700 g of the conductive tin oxide powder obtained in step (d ′) is dispersed in 1400 g of water, added with 25 g of 28 wt% ammonia water, and charged with 4600 g of glass beads (1 mmφ) for 48 hours. Wet pulverization gave 4021 g of conductive tin oxide aqueous sol. In order to further remove the electrolyte contained in this sol, it was diluted with 2480 g of water, passed through a column packed with 1 liter of anion exchange resin (IRA-41O, Organo Corp.), and then cation exchange. Liquid was passed through a column packed with 1 liter of resin (IR-120B, manufactured by Organo Corp.) to obtain 6670 g of acidic conductive tin oxide aqueous sol. This sol is SnO2The concentration was 10% by weight, pH 3.5, and conductivity 183 μS / cm. To this sol, 11 g of diisobutylamine was added to make it alkaline (pH 9.3, conductivity 170 μS / cm), and then concentrated with a rotary evaporator to obtain 1517 g of concentrated sol.
Step (f): 80.5 g of the concentrated sol obtained in step (e) was replaced with methanol by removing water while gradually adding 6 liters of methanol with a rotary evaporator, and conductive tin oxide methanol. 107.9 g of sol was obtained. This sol has a specific gravity of 1.10, a viscosity of 1.8 mPa · s, PH (1 + 1) 7.8, SnO.228.6% by weight as Sb concentration, Sb2O5The concentration converted to 2.5% by weight, the converted particle size from the specific surface area of the particles by the BET method is 11.2 nm, the dynamic light scattering particle size is 54 nm by N4 apparatus manufactured by Coulter USA, and the color difference meter (Tokyo) The total light transmittance of a conductive tin oxide sol solution having a concentration of 0.2% by weight according to Densoku TOPSCAN MODEL TC-1800MK) was 85. This sol was dried to form a conductive tin oxide powder of 160 kg / cm.2The specific resistance of the pellet pressed at 182 was 182 Ω · cm.
Comparative Example 1
Step (a ″): acidic stannic oxide aqueous sol 3004 g (SnO) prepared in A-1 above21017 g) with stirring, pure water g was added and diluted, and then antimony trioxide (containing 99.5% of Mikuni Seimitsu Co., Ltd.) 99.2 g (Sb2O398.7 g) was added, heated to 92-94 ° C. and stirred for 10 hours to obtain 5356 g of a brown tin oxide-antimony oxide composite colloidal dispersion.
Step (b ″): 11356 g of water was added to 5356 g of the tin oxide-antimony oxide colloidal dispersion obtained in the step (a ″) for dilution, and 23 g of 28 wt% aqueous ammonia was added to obtain a 17168 g diluted dispersion. This dispersion was dechlorinated by passing it through a column filled with 2 liters of an anion exchange resin (Amberlite IRA-410, manufactured by Organo Corp.) to obtain 19253 g of an alkaline tin oxide-antimony oxide composite sol. . This is SnO2And 5.3 wt%, pH 9.2, and conductivity 444 μS / cm. This sol was concentrated using a rotary evaporator to obtain 4859 g of concentrated sol. This sol is SnO2The weight was 21%, the pH was 8.6, and the conductivity was 828 μS / cm.
Step (c ″): The concentrated sol obtained in step (b ″) was dried using a spray dryer, and the dried powder was placed in an electric furnace and baked at 500 ° C. for 10 hours.
Step (d ″): The fired powder was pulverized. The specific surface area of this powder by the BET method was 87 m.2The particle diameter calculated from / g and the specific surface area was 10.1 nm. 300 kg / cm of this powder2As a result of measuring a specific resistance value by a four-point probe method using a Loresta IP MCP-T250 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, it was 4.7 Ωcm.
Step (e ″): 700 g of the conductive tin oxide powder obtained in the step (d ″) is dispersed in 1400 g of water, 27 g of 28% by weight ammonia water is added, and 48 with an attritor charged with 4600 g of glass beads (1 mmφ). Wet-pulverized for a period of time to obtain 3692 g of conductive tin oxide aqueous sol. In order to further remove the electrolyte contained in this sol, it was diluted with 1828 g of water, passed through a column packed with 1 liter of an anion exchange resin (IRA-410, Organo Corp.), and then cation exchange The solution was passed through a column packed with 1 liter of resin (IR-120B, manufactured by Organo Corp.) to obtain 6176 g of acidic conductive tin oxide aqueous sol. This sol is SnO26.98% by weight as a concentration converted to Sb, Sb2O5The concentration was 0.69 wt%, pH 3.1, and conductivity 219 μS / cm. 7.6 g of diisobutylamine was added to this sol to make it alkaline (pH 9.4, conductivity 99 μS / cm), and then concentrated with a rotary evaporator to obtain 910 g of concentrated sol.
Step (f ″): 910 g of the concentrated sol obtained in step (e ″) was replaced with methanol by removing water while gradually adding 22 liters of methanol with a rotary evaporator. 1282 g of sol was obtained. This sol has a specific gravity of 1.09, a viscosity of 1.8 mPa · s, pH (1 + 1) 7.8, SnO.227.8% by weight as a concentration converted to Sb, Sb2O5The concentration converted to 2.6% by weight, the converted particle size from the specific surface area of the particles by the BET method is 10.1 nm, the dynamic light scattering particle size by N4 apparatus manufactured by Coulter USA, 63 nm, the color difference meter (Tokyo) The total light transmittance of a conductive tin oxide sol solution having a concentration of 0.2% by weight according to Densoku TOPSCAN MODEL TC-1800MK was 84. This sol was dried to form a conductive tin oxide powder of 160 kg / cm.2The specific resistance of the pellet pressed at 586 was 586 Ω · cm.
[0067]
【The invention's effect】
The conductive tin oxide obtained by the present invention is mixed with a small amount of binder (water-soluble polymer, resin emulsion) to form a paint, and then applied to and dried on plastics, paper, ceramics, glass, etc. to impart conductivity. I can do it.
[0068]
In particular, the conductive tin oxide sol has a small particle diameter and high transparency, and its dry film exhibits a refractive index of about 1.7 to 2.0, and has high bonding strength and hardness, and is light and weather resistant. Good anti-static property, abrasion resistance, adhesion, etc., flame retardant such as plastic filler, micro-filler for high refractive index hard coating agent of plastic lens, film, plastic molding, halogen-containing vinyl resin and modacrylic resin Auxiliaries, antistatic agents such as fibers, paper, plastics, binders for catalysts and refractories, inorganic ion exchangers, microfillers for ultraviolet absorption, microfillers for far-infrared radiation, surface treatment agents for metals, glass and ceramics It can be used for such applications.
[0069]
The tin oxide-antimony oxide composite sol obtained by the present invention has a particularly small particle size and high transparency, and its dry film exhibits a refractive index of about 1.7 to 2.0, and has both a bonding strength and hardness. High light resistance, weather resistance, abrasion resistance, adhesion, etc., so micro-fillers for high refractive index hard coating agents for plastic lenses, films and plastic molded products, halogen-containing vinyl resins and modacrylic resins It can be used for applications such as flame retardant aids such as catalysts, binders for refractories, inorganic ion exchangers, UV filler microfillers, far infrared radiation microfillers, metal, glass, and ceramic surface treatment agents. I can do it.
Claims (6)
(a)工程:酸性酸化スズゾルにアルキルアミン/Sb 2 O 5 のモル比として0.8〜2.2であるアルキルアミン含有五酸化アンチモンゾルをSnO2に対してSb2O5として2.0〜20重量%になるように添加し、室温〜100℃で熟成する工程、
(b)工程:(a)工程で得られた酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合コロイド分散液にアンモニア又は有機塩基を添加し、陰イオン交換により脱アニオンしアルカリ性酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合水性ゾルとする工程、
(c)工程:(b)工程で得られたアルカリ性酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合水性ゾルを乾燥後400〜800℃で焼成する工程、及び
(d)工程:(c)工程で得られた焼成物を粉砕する工程、からなる導電性酸化スズ粒子の製造方法。The following (a) process, (b) process, (c) process and (d) process:
Step (a): An acidic amine oxide sol having an alkylamine / Sb 2 O 5 molar ratio of 0.8 to 2.2 as an alkylamine- containing antimony pentoxide sol with respect to SnO 2 is 2.0 as Sb 2 O 5. Adding to -20% by weight and aging at room temperature to 100 ° C,
(B) Step: A step of adding ammonia or an organic base to the tin oxide-antimony oxide composite colloidal dispersion obtained in the step (a) and deanion by anion exchange to obtain an alkaline tin oxide-antimony oxide composite aqueous sol. ,
(C) Step: Step of baking the alkaline tin oxide-antimony oxide composite aqueous sol obtained in Step (b) at 400 to 800 ° C. after drying, and Step (d): Baked product obtained in Step (c) A method for producing conductive tin oxide particles, comprising the step of pulverizing the particles.
(a’)工程:アルカリ性酸化スズゾルにアルキルアミン/Sb 2 O 5 のモル比として0.8〜2.2であるアルキルアミン含有五酸化アンチモンをSnO2に対してSb2O5として2.0〜20重量%になるように添加し、室温〜100℃で熟成し、酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合コロイド分散液を得る工程、
(c’)工程:(a’)工程で得られたアルカリ性酸化スズ−酸化アンチモン複合水性ゾルを乾燥後400〜800℃で焼成する工程、及び
(d’)工程:(c’)工程で得られた焼成物を粉砕する工程、からなる導電性酸化スズ粒子の製造方法。The following steps (a ′), (c ′) and (d ′):
Step (a ′): Alkylamine- containing antimony pentoxide having an alkylamine / Sb 2 O 5 molar ratio of 0.8 to 2.2 in alkaline tin oxide sol is converted to 2.0 as Sb 2 O 5 with respect to SnO 2 . Adding to ˜20 wt% and aging at room temperature to 100 ° C. to obtain a tin oxide-antimony oxide composite colloidal dispersion;
(C ′) step: obtained by drying the alkaline tin oxide-antimony oxide composite aqueous sol obtained in the step (a ′) after baking at 400 to 800 ° C., and (d ′) step: obtained in the step (c ′). A method for producing conductive tin oxide particles comprising a step of pulverizing the fired product.
(e)工程:(d)工程で得られた導電性酸化スズ粒子を水に分散し、湿式粉砕して導電性酸化スズコロイド凝集体の分散液を作成した後、アンモニア又は有機塩基を該分散液の導電性酸化スズに対して0.02〜4.0重量%の割合で添加する工程、からなる導電性酸化スズ水性ゾルの製造方法。(A) The process of claim 1, (b) step, (c) step and the step (d) and the following step (e):
Step (e): Dispersing the conductive tin oxide particles obtained in the step (d) in water and wet-grinding to prepare a dispersion of conductive tin oxide colloid aggregates, and then adding ammonia or an organic base to the dispersion A method for producing a conductive tin oxide aqueous sol comprising a step of adding 0.02 to 4.0% by weight of the conductive tin oxide.
(e)工程:(d’)工程で得られた導電性酸化スズ粒子を水に分散し、湿式粉砕して導電性酸化スズコロイド凝集体の分散液を作成した後、アンモニア又は有機塩基を該分散液の導電性酸化スズに対して0.02〜4.0重量%の割合で添加する工程、からなる導電性酸化スズ水性ゾルの製造方法。(A ') step, (c' according to claim 2) step and (d ') a step as well as the following step (e):
Step (e): Dispersing the conductive tin oxide particles obtained in the step (d ′) in water, wet-grinding to prepare a dispersion of conductive tin oxide colloid aggregates, and then dispersing the ammonia or organic base The manufacturing method of the electroconductive tin oxide aqueous sol which consists of the process added in the ratio of 0.02-4.0 weight% with respect to the electroconductive tin oxide of a liquid.
(f)工程:(e)工程で得られた導電性酸化スズ水性ゾルに、有機酸及び/又は有機塩基を導電性酸化スズに対して1.0〜20重量%の割合で添加した後、水性溶媒を有機溶媒に置換する工程を加える導電性酸化スズ有機溶媒ゾルの製造方法。After the step (e) according to claim 3 or claim 4 , the following step (f):
(F) Step: After adding an organic acid and / or organic base to the conductive tin oxide aqueous sol obtained in the step (e) at a ratio of 1.0 to 20% by weight with respect to the conductive tin oxide, A method for producing a conductive tin oxide organic solvent sol, wherein a step of replacing an aqueous solvent with an organic solvent is added.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002313861A JP4193036B2 (en) | 2002-10-29 | 2002-10-29 | Method for producing conductive tin oxide |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002313861A JP4193036B2 (en) | 2002-10-29 | 2002-10-29 | Method for producing conductive tin oxide |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2004149329A JP2004149329A (en) | 2004-05-27 |
| JP4193036B2 true JP4193036B2 (en) | 2008-12-10 |
Family
ID=32458338
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002313861A Expired - Fee Related JP4193036B2 (en) | 2002-10-29 | 2002-10-29 | Method for producing conductive tin oxide |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4193036B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006102669A1 (en) * | 2005-03-24 | 2006-09-28 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for uniformly dispersing particles in a polymer |
| JP4794494B2 (en) * | 2007-03-09 | 2011-10-19 | 第一稀元素化学工業株式会社 | Method for producing tin oxide sol |
| JP5167557B2 (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2013-03-21 | 共同印刷株式会社 | Anti-counterfeit ink composition |
| JP5326058B2 (en) * | 2012-01-11 | 2013-10-30 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | Infrared cut material, dispersion of infrared cut material, composition for forming infrared cut film, and infrared cut film |
| EP2832699A4 (en) | 2012-03-29 | 2015-11-25 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | Infrared cut material |
| WO2013147029A1 (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2013-10-03 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | Antimony-doped tin oxide powder and process for manufacturing same |
| CN103861553B (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2015-09-30 | 清华大学 | A kind of Sb containing metal ion mixing 2o 5preparation method of adsorbent and products thereof and application |
| US12606711B2 (en) | 2023-04-03 | 2026-04-21 | Nissan Chemical Corporation | Conductive stannic oxide particle-containing organic solvent-dispersed sol and method of production thereof |
-
2002
- 2002-10-29 JP JP2002313861A patent/JP4193036B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2004149329A (en) | 2004-05-27 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| TWI523813B (en) | Tin oxide particles and the method for preparing the same | |
| JP5382371B2 (en) | Hydrophobic organic solvent-dispersed sol of colloidal particles of anhydrous zinc antimonate and method for producing the same | |
| JP4088721B2 (en) | Conductive tin oxide fine powder and method for producing conductive tin oxide sol | |
| CN103553120B (en) | A kind of preparation method of antimony-doped tin dioxide powder body | |
| JP4801617B2 (en) | Conductive zinc oxide particles and method for producing the same | |
| JP3198494B2 (en) | Conductive oxide particles and method for producing the same | |
| CN107250047B (en) | Method for producing organic solvent dispersion of titanium oxide particles | |
| JPH0769620A (en) | Sol and fine powder of sodium magnesium fluoride and production thereof | |
| JP2009167085A (en) | Method for producing zirconia sol | |
| JP4193036B2 (en) | Method for producing conductive tin oxide | |
| JPH11189416A (en) | Production of anhydrous zinc antimonate | |
| US20150243403A1 (en) | Fine powder of transparent and electric conductive oxide composites and production method thereof and transparent electric conductive film | |
| JP6195524B2 (en) | Hydrophobic silica powder and method for producing the same | |
| JPH11314918A (en) | Anhydrous zinc antimonate sol and its preparation | |
| CN101302358A (en) | Waterless nano-znic antimonite sol and preparation thereof | |
| JPH0980203A (en) | Modified metal oxide sol and its production | |
| JPH0587445B2 (en) | ||
| JPH1111947A (en) | Method for producing antimony-doped tin oxide powder and paint containing the same | |
| JP2013252981A (en) | Method for producing conductive tin oxide sol | |
| JP2004307221A (en) | Tin zinc aluminum containing indium oxide particles and method for producing the same | |
| JPH0931238A (en) | Conductive dispersion, conductive coating and method for producing the same | |
| JP2003267727A (en) | Method for producing fine particle of hydrated zirconia and method for producing zirconia powder | |
| WO1998020501A1 (en) | Processes to prepare antimony doped tin oxide electroconductive powders | |
| JPS61205622A (en) | Production of electrically conductive fine powder of tin oxide | |
| Wu et al. | Application of organic acid anhydride in preparation of antimony doped tin oxide nanosized powders. |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20050628 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20071130 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20080528 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20080716 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20080827 |
|
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20080909 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20111003 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121003 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20131003 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |