JP4195581B2 - Copper powder manufacturing method and copper powder obtained by the method - Google Patents
Copper powder manufacturing method and copper powder obtained by the method Download PDFInfo
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- JP4195581B2 JP4195581B2 JP2002152593A JP2002152593A JP4195581B2 JP 4195581 B2 JP4195581 B2 JP 4195581B2 JP 2002152593 A JP2002152593 A JP 2002152593A JP 2002152593 A JP2002152593 A JP 2002152593A JP 4195581 B2 JP4195581 B2 JP 4195581B2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、微細で且つ粒度分布が非常にシャープな銅粉の製造方法に関するものであり、特に、電子回路用の導電体形成に適した銅ペースト用の銅粉の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、電子産業の分野、特にプリント配線板製造の分野では、スクリーン印刷技術を応用して、銅ペーストにより回路を形成することが一般的に行われている。すなわち、銅粉により形成した銅ペーストを樹脂基板若しくは樹脂シート上にスクリーン印刷技術を用いて塗布して回路を描き、その後銅ペーストを焼成して回路を形成するのである。
【0003】
近年、プリント配線板製造では、銅箔などの導電性材料からなる電子回路を有する多層プリント配線板が用いられており、例えば、ノートブックパソコン、携帯電話、AV機器等のいわゆる高級家電では、4層以上の多層プリント配線板が用いられている。そして、このような多層プリント配線板における配線板相互間の層間導電性を確保する手段として、スルーホールメッキ法、バイアホール形成法等が注目されている。従来から行われているスルーホールメッキ法、バイアホール形成法等のプリント配線板の層間導通手段は、配線板に形成されたスルーホールやバイアホール(ビアホール)などと称される穴の内壁に、層間回路の電気的導通を確保するための銅層を、メッキ法を用いて形成するという手法が一般的である。しかし、このメッキ法では、無電解銅メッキ、電解銅メッキの2段の処理が必要であり、その工程が複雑化し長くなり、プリント配線板の製造コストを上昇させる要因となっていた。
【0004】
我国の電子電気業界は厳しい国際価格競争に晒されており、小型化、高機能化を求められる一方、プリント配線板業界に対するコストダウンの要求が一層厳しさを増している。このようなことから、多層プリント配線板の層間導通を確保するための別の手段が求められていたところ、銅ペーストを用いて銅張積層板製造時に層間導通を確保する方法が開発されている。
【0005】
ところで、銅ペーストは、銅粉にエポキシ樹脂などの樹脂とその硬化剤等を加え、これらを混錬したものであり、導電性を有するものである。このような銅ペーストに用いられる銅粉の製造方法としては、水酸化銅を含む水溶液をヒドラジン等の還元剤で処理して溶液中の銅成分を還元する方法、銅塩や銅酸化物を還元性雰囲気中で加熱還元する方法、銅の塩化物蒸気を還元性ガスで処理して銅の塩化物を還元する方法等が従来から知られている。
【0006】
これらの銅粉製造方法のうち、いわゆるヒドラジン還元法は、大気圧下で処理できる等の点で非常に生産性に優れた方法であり、例えば、特開平4−116109号公報には、銅塩水溶液から水酸化銅を析出し、その水酸化銅を亜酸化銅に還元し、さらにヒドラジン系還元剤により亜酸化銅を金属銅にまで還元する技術が開示されている。また、特開平2−294414号公報にも、アミノ酢酸、アンモニア、有機アミン類などの化合物存在下、銅塩水溶液に水酸化アルカリを加え水酸化銅を析出し、還元糖を加えて亜酸化銅を水溶液中に析出させ、これにヒドラジンを加えて亜酸化銅を還元して銅粉末を得る技術が開示されている。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
これらの従来から知られているヒドラジン還元法では、銅塩水溶液から水酸化銅を析出させて、それを順次還元することで金属銅を生成するものであり、比較的微細な銅粉を得ることが可能である。ところが、これら従来のヒドラジン還元法では、得られる銅粉を微細にできるものの、それを銅ぺーストにした際の粘度や膜密度などの特性に関しては十分に満足できるものといえず、更なる改善をすべきとの要望がある。
【0008】
また、本出願人も、このヒドラジン還元法に関する銅粉製造技術を提案しており(特開平10−330801号公報、特開平11−256208号公報参照)、その技術は、二価の銅イオンを有する銅塩水溶液に水酸化アルカリを添加して酸化第二銅を生成し、還元糖を加えることで酸化第二銅を酸化第一銅に還元する。その後濾過洗浄して、所定のpH値となるようにpH緩衝剤を添加し、ヒドラジン系還元剤を加えることで酸化第一銅を還元することにより金属銅を生成するものである。
【0009】
本出願人が提案したこの製造方法によれば、従来よりも、粉体状態での電気抵抗が著しく低く、充填性に優れ、粒度分布がシャープな銅粉を得ることができる。しかしながら、本出願人の提案したヒドラジン還元法によって得られる銅粉は、その銅粉粒子の平均粒径が、レーザー回折散乱式粒度分布測定法による重量累積粒径D50で4〜7μmと比較的大きく、より微細な銅粉を得ることが困難であった。
【0010】
本発明は、以上のような背景のもとになされたものであり、いわゆるヒドラジン還元法の銅粉製造方法を改良することにより、微細な粒子で、その粒度分布も非常にシャープな銅粉を容易に製造できる技術を提供するものであり、粘度や膜密度などの銅ペースト特性に関し、従来の銅粉では実現できなかった特性を満足する銅粉を提供せんとするものである。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、従来のヒドラジン還元法について鋭意研究を重ねた結果、特定の還元条件に設定して銅粉を製造すると、従来よりも微細で、粒度分布が非常にシャープな銅粉が得られることを見出した。
【0012】
具体的には、二価の銅イオンを有する銅塩水溶液に水酸化アルカリを添加して酸化第二銅を生成し、還元糖を加えることで酸化第二銅を酸化第一銅に還元し、ヒドラジン系還元剤を加えることで酸化第一銅を還元することにより金属銅を生成するものである銅粉の製造方法において、該銅塩水溶液に錯化剤を予め投入した後、反応当量で1.10〜1.60に相当する水酸化アルカリを加え、黒色の酸化第二銅を生成するように熟成反応させるものとした。
【0013】
本発明者らの研究によると、特開平10−330801号公報で提案したヒドラジン還元法では分散性が高いものの、平均粒径が5μm以下の銅粉を生成することが難しかった。そこで、このヒドラジン還元法について、その還元条件を綿密に検討したところ、錯化剤の投入時期と水酸化アルカリの添加量、及び反応条件を制御すると、得られる銅粉粒径とその粒度分布状態とを変化させることができるのを突き止めたのである。
【0014】
即ち、二価の銅イオンを有する銅塩水溶液に水酸化アルカリを添加して酸化第二銅を生成する際、まず、該銅塩水溶液に錯化剤を投入し、反応当量で1.10〜1.60に相当する水酸化アルカリを加える。そして、熟成反応をすることで黒色の酸化第二銅を生成する。このような酸化第二銅を還元することで得られる金属銅は、従来の銅粉よりも微細で、非常に均一性の高い銅粉となるのである。具体的には、レーザー回折散乱式粒度分布測定法による重量累積粒径D50で0.05〜4.0μmの平均粒径を有し、重量累積分布径D50とその粒度分布の標準偏差SDとによるSD/D50、即ち粒度分布状態を示す変動係数であるSD/D50の値が0.2〜0.5となる銅粉を製造できるのである。この熟成反応とは、水酸化銅を析出させないようにして、溶液中に析出するその全てが酸化第二銅となるようにする反応であり、具体的には、錯化剤、水酸化アルカリを加えた後に、60〜80℃の液温に保持して、30〜90分間反応させて、液色が完全に黒色になるまで反応させるものである。
【0015】
本発明に係る銅粉製造方法によると、微細で且つ粒度分布のシャープな銅粉が得られる現象に関しての理論は不明であるが、基本的には次のような反応を経るためではないかと推測している。本発明では、まず銅塩水溶液に錯化剤を投入しているが、これは本出願人が従来提案したヒドラジン還元法の場合(特開平10−330801号公報、特開平11−256208号公報)と異なる。この予め投入する錯化剤は、銅塩水溶液のpH緩衝する作用を有しており、水酸化アルカリを混合した際に生成される酸化第二銅の粒子を微細化、均一化する作用に寄与するものと考えている。そして、予め錯化剤を投入した銅塩水溶液に、反応当量で1.10〜1.60に相当する水酸化アルカリを添加し、水酸化銅を析出しないように熟成させて黒色の酸化第二銅を生成すると、この時に生成される酸化第二銅の粒子が、微細で且つ粒の揃った状態となっていると考えられる。
【0016】
このようにして生成された、微細且つ粒の揃った状態の酸化第二銅を、還元糖により酸化第一銅に還元し、続いてヒドラジン還元して金属銅を生成すると、従来のヒドラジン還元法では得られなかった銅粉、即ち、微細且つ粒度分布のシャープな銅粉を製造できるのである。錯化剤、水酸化アルカリの投入時期が異なったり、或いは、添加する水酸化アルカリが反応当量で、1.10〜1.60の範囲を外れても、最終的に生成される金属銅粒子が粗大となったり、或いは、微細な銅粉を製造することができてもその粒度分布はブロードとなるのである。従って、本発明のヒドラジン還元法のように、錯化剤の投入時期と水酸化アルカリの添加量とを制御し、熟成反応させて酸化第二銅を生成すると、重量累積粒径D50で4.0μm以下の平均粒径を有し、粒度分布の状態を示す変動係数であるSD/D50値が0.2〜0.5となる銅粉を製造することができるのである。尚、本発明の製造方法において、その反応温度やヒドラジンの添加速度等を制御することにより重量累積粒径D50が4.0μm以上の銅粉を製造することも可能であり、その際に得られる銅粉のSD/D50値が0.2〜0.5とすることができる。
【0017】
本発明における二価の銅イオンを有する銅塩水溶液は、二価の銅塩として硫酸銅、塩化銅、硝酸銅、酢酸銅等を用いることができ、錯化剤としてはアミノ酢酸、アラニン、グルタミン酸等を用いることができる。そして、水酸化アルカリとしては、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、アンモニア等を用いることができる。また、還元糖としては、グルコース、フルクトース、ラクトース等を用いることができ、ヒドラジン系還元剤としては、ヒドラジン、水和ヒドラジン、硫酸ヒドラジン、炭酸ヒドラジン、塩酸ヒドラジンなどを用いることができる。本発明者らの研究では、硫酸銅溶液から銅粉を製造する場合では、特に錯化剤にアミノ酢酸を、水酸化アルカリに水酸化ナトリウムを用いることが望ましいことを確認している。
【0018】
次に、本発明は、上記した本発明に係るヒドラジン還元法によって得られた金属銅を、脂肪酸含有溶液に所定時間接触させ、有機溶媒を用いて少なくとも1回の洗浄処理を行った後、乾燥することで金属銅の表面に脂肪酸の金属塩による表面処理層を形成するようにした。一般的に銅ペーストでは、作製初期時のペースト粘度が高く、そのペースト粘度が経時変化を起こして増粘する傾向が知られており、銅ペーストに加工して以降の長期保管の問題が指摘されるものである。そのため、このように脂肪酸の金属塩で表面処理層を形成した銅粉にすると、非常に良好な耐酸化性を有し、銅ペーストに加工したときの初期粘度を低くし、且つ、銅ペースト粘度の経時的変化を極めて有効に抑制することができるのである。
【0019】
本発明の銅粉の製造方法における表面処理は、脂肪酸で銅粉を処理し、一旦銅粉の表面に吸着残留した脂肪酸及び脂肪酸の金属塩を含んだ表面処理層を形成し、その後、有機溶媒を用いて洗浄することで、脂肪酸の金属塩のみを銅粉の表面に残すのである。ここでいう「脂肪酸の金属塩」とは、脂肪酸を用いて銅粉を表面処理する際に、銅粉の銅成分と脂肪酸とが反応して形成される金属塩のことである。そして、「吸着残留した脂肪酸」とは、銅成分と反応せず、脂肪酸を溶解させた溶媒中においてもイオン状態に解離することのなかった脂肪酸が表面に吸着したものである。
【0020】
本発明に係る脂肪酸としては、飽和脂肪酸、不飽和脂肪酸を用いることができる。より具体的には、飽和脂肪酸として、エナント酸、カプリル酸、ペラルゴン酸、カプリン酸、ウンデシル酸、ラウリン酸、トリデシル酸、ミリスチン酸、ペンタデシル酸、パルミチン酸、ヘプタデシル酸、ステアリン酸、ノナデカン酸、アラキン酸、ベヘン酸等、不飽和脂肪酸としては、アクリル酸、クロトン酸、イソクロトン酸、ウンデシレン酸、オレイン酸、エライジン酸、セトレイン酸、ブラシジン酸、エルカ酸、ソルビン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸、アラキドン酸等のいずれか1種又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
【0021】
また、本発明の銅粉の製造方法に係る表面処理では、有機溶媒で洗浄する方法は、当該表面処理銅粉に直接有機溶媒をかけることで洗浄する方法、有機溶媒中に入れ攪拌しつつ洗浄する方法等、有機溶媒と表面処理した銅粉とが万遍なく接触し、効率よく洗浄できる方法であれば、どのような手法を用いても構わない。そして、この有機溶媒による洗浄は、吸着残留した脂肪酸を確実に除去できるように、1回洗浄よりも複数回の洗浄を行った方が好ましい。繰り返し洗浄の適正回数の上限は、脂肪酸の種類によっても僅かながらの差異あるが、処理効率などを考慮すれば3回を越えない範囲での繰り返し洗浄が好ましい。
【0022】
上記した洗浄用の有機溶媒としては、エチルアルコール、メチルアルコール、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、プロパノールなどを用いることができる。また、最終的に行う乾燥は、表面処理する銅粉の表面酸化を防止する観点から可能な限り低温領域を採用することが望まれるので、乾燥温度50〜100℃、乾燥時間2〜8時間の条件で行うことが好ましい。乾燥温度が50℃未満では、銅粉に吸着した水分を十分に除去する事ができず、しかも、脂肪酸の金属塩を強固に固着できない。一方、乾燥温度が100℃を越えると、表面処理層の損傷が起こり易くなる。この乾燥温度範囲を採用した場合、その加熱温度に合わせて、表面処理層が損傷を起こすことなく、且つ表面処理銅粉の吸着水分の除去が完全できる加熱時間を採用すべきものである。
【0023】
上記した本発明に係る銅粉の製造方法により得られた銅粉は、平均粒径がD50で0.05〜4.0μmとなり、且つSD/D50が0.2〜0.5となる。このような銅粉は、銅ペーストにした際の粘度が低く、その充填性も非常に良好となため、ぺースト膜の膜密度を高くできるというペースト特性を実現できる。
【0024】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の好適な実施形態について、実施例及び比較例に基づき説明する。
【0025】
実施例:酸銅(五水塩)4kg及びアミノ酢酸120gを水に溶解させて、液温60℃の8L(リットル)の銅塩水溶液を作製した。そして、この水溶液を撹拌しながら、表1に示す各量の25wt%水酸化ナトリウム溶液を約5分間かけて定量的に添加し、液温60℃で60分間の撹拌を行い、液色が完全に黒色になるまで熟成させて酸化第二銅を生成した。その後30分間放置し、グルコース1.5kg添加して、1時間熟成することで酸化第二銅を酸化第一銅に還元した。さらに、水和ヒドラジン1kgを5分間かけて定量的に添加して酸化第一銅を還元することで金属銅にして、銅粉スラリーを生成した。得られた銅粉スラリーを濾過し、純水で十分に洗浄し、再度濾過した後、乾燥して表1に示す実施例1〜4の銅粉を得た。また、水酸化ナトリウム溶液を反応当量で1.0と2.0となる添加量にした比較例1、2も作製した。
【0026】
また、従来例として、特開平10−330801号公報に開示されたヒドラジン還元法による銅粉を作製した。これは、硫酸銅(五水塩)4kgを温水に溶解させて8L(リットル)の水溶液とし、これを60℃に維持した。この水溶液に25重量%水酸化ナトリウム溶液6.25kgを添加し、60℃に維持しながら1時間撹拌して反応させ、酸化第二銅を生成した。そして、反応により得られたものを60℃に維持した状態で、これに450g/Lのグルコース水溶液3.2Lを1時間かけて定量的に添加して酸化第二銅を酸化第一銅に還元した。スラリー状になった溶液を一旦濾過し、洗浄した後、温水を加えて再度スラリー化し、12.8Lの酸化第一銅スラリーを得た。この酸化第一銅スラリーにアミノ酢酸60gおよびアラビアゴム28gを添加し、撹拌して50℃に保持した。この状態で、さらに20重量%水和ヒドラジン2Lを1時間かけて定量的に添加して酸化第一銅を還元し、銅粉スラリーを生成した。得られた銅粉スラリーを濾過し、純水で十分に洗浄し、再度濾過した後、乾燥して、従来例の銅粉を得た。
【0027】
【表1】
【0028】
表1には、各銅粉を作製した際の水酸化ナトリウムの添加量と、その反応当量値を示している。また、各銅粉の重量累積粒径D50を測定し、変動係数であるSD/D50も併記している。この重量累積粒径D50は、レーザー回折散乱式粒度分布測定法により測定した重量累積50%のときの粒径値を示すもので、SD/D50はレーザー回折散乱式粒度分布測定法により測定した粒度分布の標準偏差SDとD50とから算出できる変動係数である。このSD/D50の数値が小さいほど粒度分布がシャープで、粒が揃った銅粉であることに対応する。
【0029】
表1を見ると判るように、本実施例の銅粉は平均粒径(D50)が1.0μm以下となっており、粒度分布状態を示すSD/D50も比較例1、2に比べ小さな値となっており、非常にシャープな粒度分布となっていることが判明した。一方、従来例のヒドラジン還元法ではシャープな粒度分布の銅粉が得られるものの、その平均粒径(D50)は、本実施例に比べ大きな粒径の銅粉しか得ることが出来なかった。
【0030】
表1で示した実施例1〜4、比較例1、2のデータにより、反応当量数に対する平均粒径(D50)と、反応当量数に対するSD/D50との相関について検討を行った。その結果、水酸化ナトリウムの反応当量が1.0或いは2.0になると、平均粒径(D50)とSD/D50との両方の値が急激に大きくなり、水酸化ナトリウムの添加量が反応当量で1.10付近から、D50及びSD/D50の値が急激に大きくなっていた。これは、合成される酸化第二銅が不均一となり、最終的に得られる銅粉もそれに合わせて不均一になるためと考えられた。また、2.0の反応当量に相当する水酸化ナトリウムを添加すると、金属銅への還元時の反応が激しくなり凝集し易くなるため、D50及びSD/D50の値が急激に大きくなるものと考えられた。従って、所定の平均粒径(D50)に対して、そのSD/D50値を0.5以下となるような銅粉を製造するには、水酸化ナトリウムの添加量を反応当量でおおよそ1.10〜1.60の範囲にコントロールすればよいと推測された。
【0031】
また、上記実施例1の銅粉を製造した条件で、そのヒドラジン添加時間を変化させた際の銅粉粒径を調査した。その結果を表2に示す。表2に見ると判るように、ヒドラジンの添加を長時間かけて行うほど、得られる銅粉の平均粒径(D50)は大きくなったが、その粒度分布状態は非常にシャープで、SD/D50値が0.5以下になることも判明した。
【0032】
【表2】
【0033】
続いて、銅ペーストにした際の特性を調査した結果について説明する。特性調査に用いた銅ペーストは、エチルセルロース7部をターピネオール93部で十分に溶解した溶媒50gと、銅粉50gとを混合した後、3本ロールにて混練して作製した。そして、作製した銅ペーストの粘度は、粘度計(RE−105U型、東機産業社製)を用い、0.5rpmで測定した。また、作製した銅ペーストを塗工機により、フィルム上に厚さ30μmで塗布し、乾燥した後、その乾燥塗膜により膜密度を測定した。膜密度は、所定形状の乾燥塗膜の重量を計測して求めた。その結果を表3に示す。
【0034】
【表3】
【0035】
表3に示すように、実施例の銅ペーストは、粘度が小さいので取り扱い性に優れていることが判明した。膜密度に関しても、非常に高密度であることが判明した。
【0036】
続いて、本発明に係る表面処理銅粉について説明する。ここでは実施例1の銅粉に、脂肪酸としてオレイン酸を用いて表面処理銅粉を製造した場合を例にする。ここでの評価は、表面処理銅粉を用いて銅ペーストを製造し、その銅ペーストの粘度の変化率を測定した。更に、従来のオレイン酸処理した表面処理銅粉との比較を行った。
【0037】
まず、銅粉表面にオレイン酸を用いた表面処理層を形成した条件について説明する。実施例1の銅粉5kgをヌッチェに入れ、5gのオレイン酸を加えて分散させた5リットルのメタノール溶液を滴下して、銅粉表面に表面処理層を形成した。そして、吸引濾過することで、表面処理銅粉と溶液とを濾別した。
【0038】
そして、得られた表面処理銅粉に2リットルのメタノール液を滴下することで、表面処理銅粉の洗浄を行い、吸引濾過して銅粉の表面処理層にオレイン酸の金属塩のみが残留するようにした(以下実施例1Sとする)。吸引濾過で分取した表面処理銅粉を、70℃の温度で5時間の乾燥を行った。この段階の表面処理銅粉をFT−IR分析した結果、脂肪酸の金属塩のピークのみが検出されていることが判明した。
【0039】
続いて、この表面処理銅粉を用いて、エポキシ系銅ペーストを製造した。表面処理銅粉80重量部、第1のエポキシ樹脂(油化シェル社製のエピコート828)4重量部、第2のエポキシ樹脂(東都化成株式会社製のYD−171)12重量部、エポキシ樹脂硬化剤(味の素株式会社製アミキュアMY−24)4重量部、これらを混合して30分の混錬を行ってエポキシ系銅ペーストを得た。
【0040】
以上のようにして得られたエポキシ系銅ペーストの製造直後の粘度を測定すると300Pa・s、一週間経過後の粘度は450Pa・sであり、製造直後の粘度を基準に粘度の変化率として考えると50%であるという結果が得られた。なお、この粘度測定には、RE−105U粘度計(東機産業社製)を用い、0.1rpmの回転数で測定した結果である。
【0041】
比較として、オレイン酸で処理して、銅粉表面に吸着残留した脂肪酸、脂肪酸の金属塩のそれぞれが存在する表面処理銅粉を作製してFT−IR分析をし、上述と同様のエポキシ系銅ペーストを製造し、その粘度変化を調査した。銅粉表面に吸着残留した脂肪酸、脂肪酸の金属塩のそれぞれが存在する表面処理銅粉をFT−IR分析した結果、当然ながら、脂肪酸の金属塩のピーク及び脂肪酸に起因するピークが検出された。
【0042】
そして、この銅粉表面に吸着残留した脂肪酸、脂肪酸の金属塩のそれぞれが存在する表面処理銅粉を銅ペースとにした際の粘度及び粘度の変化率を測定した。その結果、エポキシ系銅ペーストの製造直後の粘度を測定すると430Pa・s、一週間経過後の粘度は1120Pa・sであり、製造直後の粘度を基準に粘度の変化率として考えると260%であった。以上の結果より、本実施例の表面処理銅粉は初期粘度が低く、しかも、粘度の経時変化が非常に少ないことが判明した。
【0043】
さらに上記実施例2〜4の銅粉を上述した表面処理を行い表面処理銅粉(実施例2S〜4S)とし、銅ペーストにした際の特性を調査した結果について説明する。銅ペーストの製法、特性測定は上記した方法と同様であるので省略する。表3に各表面処理銅粉のペースト特性調査結果を示す。
【0044】
【表4】
【0045】
表4を見ると判るように、表3に示した表面処理を行っていない銅粉に比べ、粘度も低くなり、表面処理銅粉にすると膜密度が0.1〜0.2程度向上していることが確認された。
【0046】
最後に、上記実施例1で説明した製造過程において生成される酸化第二銅をX線回折した結果について説明する。ここでは、硫酸銅(五水塩)及びアミノ酢酸を水に溶解させた銅塩水溶液に、反応当量1.15に相当する水酸化ナトリウム溶液を添加することで生成される酸化第二銅をX線回折分析した。その結果を図1に示す。
【0047】
図1にはX線回折パターンには、比較として反応当量1.08に相当する水酸化ナトリウム溶液を添加し、熟成反応をさせることなく、溶液色がやや青色を呈している状態で生成された析出物を分析した結果(比較例3)を一緒に示している。この図1のX線回折パターンを見ると判るように、実施例1で得られる酸化第二銅では、酸化第二銅のピークのみが明確に検出された。一方、比較例3の析出物では、酸化第二銅に相当するピークが若干見受けられたものの、水酸化銅のピークの方が明確に現れていた。そのため、比較例3の場合において、熟成処理をすることなく銅塩水溶液から生成されたものは、水酸化銅と酸化第二銅との混合物であると考えられた。
【0048】
また、この比較例3についても還元処理をして銅粉を製造し、比較例1及び2と同様に銅ペーストにして、その粘度、膜密度を測定した。その結果を実施例1と一緒に表5に示す。
【0049】
【表5】
【0050】
この表5に示す結果とX線回折パターンの結果とを合わせて考えると、比較例3(比較例1又は2も同様)の銅粉のように、硫酸銅の銅塩水溶液から熟成処理されることなく生成された析出物(水酸化銅と酸化銅の混合物)を還元して得られたものでは、微細な粒径であるが、銅ペーストにした際の粘度、膜密度の特性は十分に満足できるものではなかった。一方、本実施例は、硫酸銅の銅塩水溶液から熟成処理を経て完全に酸化第二銅として生成されたものを還元して得られ、微細且つ粒度分布が非常にシャープな銅粉であるために、銅ペーストにした際の粘度や膜密度の特性向上が図られたと考えられる。
【0051】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、微細な銅粉で、粒度分布も非常にシャープな銅粉を容易に製造できる。そして、本発明の製法により得られた銅粉で銅ペーストを形成すると、従来の銅粉では実現できなかった低粘度特性を有し、充填性に優れ、電子回路用の導電体形成に好適なものとなる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】実施例1の酸化第二銅に関するX線回折パターン図。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a fine copper powder having a very sharp particle size distribution, and more particularly to a method for producing a copper powder for copper paste suitable for forming a conductor for an electronic circuit.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in the field of the electronics industry, particularly in the field of printed wiring board manufacture, it is a common practice to form a circuit using copper paste by applying screen printing technology. That is, a copper paste formed of copper powder is applied onto a resin substrate or resin sheet using a screen printing technique to draw a circuit, and then the copper paste is baked to form a circuit.
[0003]
In recent years, multilayer printed wiring boards having an electronic circuit made of a conductive material such as copper foil are used in printed wiring board manufacture. For example, in so-called high-end home appliances such as notebook personal computers, mobile phones, and AV equipment, 4 A multilayer printed wiring board having more than one layer is used. As a means for ensuring interlayer conductivity between wiring boards in such a multilayer printed wiring board, a through-hole plating method, a via hole forming method, and the like are attracting attention. Conventionally, printed wiring board interlayer conduction means such as through-hole plating and via-hole forming methods are used on the inner walls of holes called through-holes and via holes (via holes) formed in the wiring board. A general method is to form a copper layer for securing electrical conduction of the interlayer circuit by using a plating method. However, this plating method requires two steps of electroless copper plating and electrolytic copper plating, which complicates and lengthens the process and increases the manufacturing cost of the printed wiring board.
[0004]
Japan's electronic and electrical industry is exposed to severe international price competition and is required to be smaller and more functional, while the demand for cost reduction in the printed wiring board industry is becoming more severe. For this reason, there has been a demand for another means for ensuring the interlayer conduction of the multilayer printed wiring board, and a method for ensuring the interlayer conduction during the production of the copper-clad laminate using a copper paste has been developed. .
[0005]
By the way, the copper paste is obtained by adding a resin such as an epoxy resin and a curing agent thereof to copper powder, kneading them, and having conductivity. As a method for producing copper powder used in such a copper paste, a method of reducing an aqueous solution containing copper hydroxide with a reducing agent such as hydrazine to reduce a copper component in the solution, reducing a copper salt or a copper oxide. A method of reducing by heating in an acidic atmosphere, a method of reducing copper chloride by treating copper chloride vapor with a reducing gas, and the like are conventionally known.
[0006]
Among these copper powder production methods, the so-called hydrazine reduction method is a method that is extremely excellent in productivity in that it can be treated under atmospheric pressure, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-116109 discloses a copper salt. A technique is disclosed in which copper hydroxide is precipitated from an aqueous solution, the copper hydroxide is reduced to cuprous oxide, and the cuprous oxide is reduced to metallic copper by a hydrazine-based reducing agent. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-294414 also discloses an addition of alkali hydroxide to a copper salt aqueous solution to precipitate copper hydroxide in the presence of a compound such as aminoacetic acid, ammonia or organic amines, and then adding reducing sugar to add cuprous oxide. Is precipitated in an aqueous solution, and hydrazine is added thereto to reduce cuprous oxide to obtain a copper powder.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In these conventionally known hydrazine reduction methods, copper hydroxide is precipitated from an aqueous copper salt solution and is reduced sequentially to produce metallic copper, thereby obtaining a relatively fine copper powder. Is possible. However, with these conventional hydrazine reduction methods, the obtained copper powder can be made fine, but the properties such as viscosity and film density when it is made into a copper paste are not fully satisfactory, and further improvements can be made. There is a request to do.
[0008]
In addition, the present applicant has also proposed a copper powder production technique relating to this hydrazine reduction method (see Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 10-330801 and 11-256208). An alkali hydroxide is added to the aqueous copper salt solution to produce cupric oxide, and the reducing sugar is added to reduce cupric oxide to cuprous oxide. Thereafter, it is filtered and washed, a pH buffering agent is added so as to have a predetermined pH value, and metallic copper is generated by reducing cuprous oxide by adding a hydrazine reducing agent.
[0009]
According to this manufacturing method proposed by the present applicant, it is possible to obtain copper powder having a remarkably low electrical resistance in a powder state, excellent filling property and sharp particle size distribution as compared with the conventional method. However, the copper powder obtained by the hydrazine reduction method proposed by the present applicant has an average particle diameter of the copper powder particles of a weight cumulative particle diameter D measured by a laser diffraction scattering type particle size distribution measuring method. 50 It was comparatively large with 4-7 micrometers, and it was difficult to obtain finer copper powder.
[0010]
The present invention has been made based on the background as described above. By improving the copper powder production method of the so-called hydrazine reduction method, a copper powder having fine particles and a very sharp particle size distribution can be obtained. It is intended to provide a technology that can be easily manufactured, and to provide a copper powder that satisfies characteristics that cannot be realized with conventional copper powders with respect to copper paste characteristics such as viscosity and film density.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive research on the conventional hydrazine reduction method, the present inventors have obtained copper powder that is finer than the conventional and has a very sharp particle size distribution when copper powder is produced under specific reduction conditions. I found out that
[0012]
Specifically, alkali hydroxide is added to a copper salt aqueous solution having divalent copper ions to produce cupric oxide, and cupric oxide is reduced to cuprous oxide by adding a reducing sugar, In the method for producing copper powder, in which cuprous oxide is reduced by adding hydrazine-based reducing agent to form metallic copper, a complexing agent is previously added to the aqueous copper salt solution, and the reaction equivalent is 1 An alkali hydroxide corresponding to .10 to 1.60 was added, and an aging reaction was performed so as to produce black cupric oxide.
[0013]
According to the study by the present inventors, although the hydrazine reduction method proposed in JP-A-10-330801 has high dispersibility, it has been difficult to produce copper powder having an average particle size of 5 μm or less. Therefore, when the reduction conditions of this hydrazine reduction method were studied closely, the copper powder particle size obtained and its particle size distribution state were controlled by controlling the timing of adding the complexing agent, the amount of alkali hydroxide added, and the reaction conditions. I found out that I could change.
[0014]
That is, when alkali hydroxide is added to a copper salt aqueous solution having divalent copper ions to produce cupric oxide, first, a complexing agent is added to the copper salt aqueous solution, and the reaction equivalent is 1.10 to 10.10. Add alkali hydroxide equivalent to 1.60. And black cupric oxide is produced | generated by carrying out an aging reaction. Metallic copper obtained by reducing such cupric oxide is finer than conventional copper powder and becomes highly uniform copper powder. Specifically, weight cumulative particle diameter D by laser diffraction scattering type particle size distribution measurement method 50 Having an average particle diameter of 0.05 to 4.0 μm and a weight cumulative distribution diameter D 50 And SD / D by the standard deviation SD of the particle size distribution 50 That is, SD / D which is a variation coefficient indicating the particle size distribution state 50 A copper powder having a value of 0.2 to 0.5 can be produced. This aging reaction is a reaction in which copper hydroxide is not precipitated and all of the copper hydroxide precipitated in the solution becomes cupric oxide. Specifically, a complexing agent, an alkali hydroxide is added. After the addition, the liquid temperature is maintained at 60 to 80 ° C., the reaction is performed for 30 to 90 minutes, and the reaction is performed until the liquid color is completely black.
[0015]
According to the method for producing copper powder according to the present invention, the theory about the phenomenon that a fine and sharp particle size distribution of copper powder is obtained is unknown, but it is basically assumed that the following reaction occurs. is doing. In the present invention, a complexing agent is first introduced into an aqueous copper salt solution in the case of the hydrazine reduction method previously proposed by the present applicant (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 10-330801 and 11-256208). And different. This pre-charged complexing agent has the action of buffering the pH of the copper salt aqueous solution, contributing to the action of refining and homogenizing the cupric oxide particles produced when alkali hydroxide is mixed. I believe that. Then, an alkali hydroxide equivalent to 1.10 to 1.60 in terms of reaction equivalent is added to the copper salt aqueous solution to which a complexing agent has been added in advance, and is aged so as not to precipitate copper hydroxide. When copper is produced, it is considered that the cupric oxide particles produced at this time are in a fine and uniform state.
[0016]
When the cupric oxide in a state of fine and even particles produced in this way is reduced to cuprous oxide with a reducing sugar and subsequently reduced to hydrazine to produce metallic copper, the conventional hydrazine reduction method Thus, a copper powder that was not obtained, that is, a copper powder that is fine and has a sharp particle size distribution can be produced. Even when the complexing agent and alkali hydroxide are added at different times, or the alkali hydroxide to be added is a reaction equivalent and is outside the range of 1.10 to 1.60, the finally produced copper metal particles Even if it is coarse or fine copper powder can be produced, its particle size distribution is broad. Therefore, as in the hydrazine reduction method of the present invention, when the addition time of the complexing agent and the addition amount of the alkali hydroxide are controlled and ripened to produce cupric oxide, the weight cumulative particle diameter D 50 SD / D, which is a coefficient of variation indicating an average particle size of 4.0 μm or less and indicating the state of particle size distribution 50 A copper powder having a value of 0.2 to 0.5 can be produced. In the production method of the present invention, the weight cumulative particle diameter D is controlled by controlling the reaction temperature, the addition rate of hydrazine, and the like. 50 It is also possible to produce copper powder having a thickness of 4.0 μm or more, and the SD / D of the copper powder obtained at that time 50 The value can be 0.2-0.5.
[0017]
The copper salt aqueous solution having divalent copper ions in the present invention can use copper sulfate, copper chloride, copper nitrate, copper acetate, etc. as the divalent copper salt, and aminoacetic acid, alanine, glutamic acid as the complexing agent Etc. can be used. And as an alkali hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia, etc. can be used. In addition, glucose, fructose, lactose and the like can be used as the reducing sugar, and hydrazine, hydrated hydrazine, hydrazine sulfate, hydrazine carbonate, hydrazine hydrochloride and the like can be used as the hydrazine reducing agent. In the study by the present inventors, it has been confirmed that it is desirable to use aminoacetic acid as a complexing agent and sodium hydroxide as an alkali hydroxide when producing copper powder from a copper sulfate solution.
[0018]
Next, according to the present invention, the copper metal obtained by the hydrazine reduction method according to the present invention described above is brought into contact with the fatty acid-containing solution for a predetermined time, washed at least once with an organic solvent, and then dried. By doing so, the surface treatment layer by the metal salt of a fatty acid was formed on the surface of metallic copper. In general, copper paste has a high paste viscosity at the initial stage of production, and the paste viscosity is known to have a tendency to thicken over time, and the problem of long-term storage after processing into copper paste has been pointed out. Is. Therefore, when the copper powder having the surface treatment layer formed of the fatty acid metal salt is used as described above, it has very good oxidation resistance, lowers the initial viscosity when processed into a copper paste, and the viscosity of the copper paste. It is possible to extremely effectively suppress the change with time.
[0019]
The surface treatment in the method for producing copper powder of the present invention comprises treating the copper powder with a fatty acid to form a surface treatment layer containing a fatty acid and a fatty acid metal salt once adsorbed and retained on the surface of the copper powder, and then an organic solvent. By washing with, only the fatty acid metal salt is left on the surface of the copper powder. The term “fatty acid metal salt” as used herein refers to a metal salt formed by reacting a copper component of a copper powder with a fatty acid when the copper powder is surface-treated with a fatty acid. The “adsorbed fatty acid” means that the fatty acid that does not react with the copper component and does not dissociate into an ionic state in the solvent in which the fatty acid is dissolved is adsorbed on the surface.
[0020]
As the fatty acid according to the present invention, saturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid can be used. More specifically, as saturated fatty acids, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, undecylic acid, lauric acid, tridecylic acid, myristic acid, pentadecylic acid, palmitic acid, heptadecylic acid, stearic acid, nonadecanoic acid, arachin Examples of unsaturated fatty acids such as acid and behenic acid include acrylic acid, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, undecylenic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, cetreic acid, brassic acid, erucic acid, sorbic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid Any one or two or more of these can be used in combination.
[0021]
Moreover, in the surface treatment according to the method for producing copper powder of the present invention, the method of washing with an organic solvent is a method of washing by directly applying an organic solvent to the surface-treated copper powder, washing while stirring in an organic solvent. Any method may be used as long as the organic solvent and the surface-treated copper powder come into uniform contact with each other and can be cleaned efficiently. And, it is preferable that the washing with the organic solvent is performed a plurality of times rather than once so that the fatty acid adsorbed and remaining can be surely removed. Although the upper limit of the appropriate number of repeated cleanings is slightly different depending on the type of fatty acid, repeated cleaning within a range not exceeding 3 times is preferable in consideration of processing efficiency and the like.
[0022]
As the organic solvent for washing described above, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, propanol or the like can be used. Moreover, since it is desired that the drying performed finally employs a low temperature region as much as possible from the viewpoint of preventing the surface oxidation of the copper powder to be surface-treated, the drying temperature is 50 to 100 ° C. and the drying time is 2 to 8 hours. It is preferable to carry out under conditions. If the drying temperature is less than 50 ° C., the moisture adsorbed on the copper powder cannot be removed sufficiently, and the fatty acid metal salt cannot be firmly fixed. On the other hand, when the drying temperature exceeds 100 ° C., the surface treatment layer is easily damaged. When this drying temperature range is adopted, the heating time should be adopted in accordance with the heating temperature so that the surface-treated layer is not damaged and the removal of the adsorbed moisture of the surface-treated copper powder is complete.
[0023]
The copper powder obtained by the copper powder manufacturing method according to the present invention described above has an average particle diameter of D. 50 0.05 ~ 4.0μm and SD / D 50 Becomes 0.2 to 0.5. Such a copper powder has a low viscosity when made into a copper paste and has a very good filling property, so that it is possible to realize a paste characteristic that the film density of the paste film can be increased.
[0024]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described based on examples and comparative examples.
[0025]
Example: 4 kg of acid copper (pentahydrate) and 120 g of aminoacetic acid were dissolved in water to prepare an 8 L (liter) copper salt aqueous solution having a liquid temperature of 60 ° C. While stirring this aqueous solution, each amount of 25 wt% sodium hydroxide solution shown in Table 1 was quantitatively added over about 5 minutes, and stirring was performed at a liquid temperature of 60 ° C. for 60 minutes. And a cupric oxide was produced by aging until black. Thereafter, the mixture was allowed to stand for 30 minutes, 1.5 kg of glucose was added, and the cupric oxide was reduced to cuprous oxide by aging for 1 hour. Furthermore, 1 kg of hydrated hydrazine was quantitatively added over 5 minutes to reduce cuprous oxide to form metallic copper, thereby producing a copper powder slurry. The obtained copper powder slurry was filtered, sufficiently washed with pure water, filtered again, and dried to obtain the copper powders of Examples 1 to 4 shown in Table 1. In addition, Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were also prepared in which sodium hydroxide solution was added in an amount equivalent to 1.0 and 2.0 as reaction equivalents.
[0026]
As a conventional example, a copper powder was prepared by a hydrazine reduction method disclosed in JP-A-10-330801. This was prepared by dissolving 4 kg of copper sulfate (pentahydrate) in warm water to make an 8 L (liter) aqueous solution, which was maintained at 60 ° C. To this aqueous solution, 6.25 kg of 25 wt% sodium hydroxide solution was added and stirred for 1 hour while maintaining at 60 ° C. to produce cupric oxide. Then, with the product obtained by the reaction maintained at 60 ° C., 3.2 g of 450 g / L aqueous glucose solution was quantitatively added over 1 hour to reduce cupric oxide to cuprous oxide. did. The slurry-like solution was once filtered and washed, and then warm water was added to form a slurry again to obtain 12.8 L of cuprous oxide slurry. To this cuprous oxide slurry, 60 g of aminoacetic acid and 28 g of gum arabic were added, stirred and maintained at 50 ° C. In this state, 2 L of 20% by weight hydrated hydrazine was quantitatively added over 1 hour to reduce cuprous oxide to produce a copper powder slurry. The obtained copper powder slurry was filtered, sufficiently washed with pure water, filtered again, and dried to obtain a conventional copper powder.
[0027]
[Table 1]
[0028]
Table 1 shows the amount of sodium hydroxide added and the reaction equivalent value when each copper powder was produced. Moreover, the weight cumulative particle diameter D of each copper powder 50 SD / D, which is the coefficient of variation 50 Is also written. This weight cumulative particle size D 50 Indicates the particle size value when the cumulative weight is 50% measured by the laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution measurement method. SD / D 50 Is the standard deviation SD and D of the particle size distribution measured by the laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution measuring method. 50 The coefficient of variation can be calculated from This SD / D 50 The smaller the numerical value is, the sharper the particle size distribution is, and this corresponds to a copper powder with uniform grains.
[0029]
As can be seen from Table 1, the copper powder of this example has an average particle size (D 50 ) Is 1.0 μm or less, and SD / D indicating the particle size distribution state 50 Was a smaller value than Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and it was found that the particle size distribution was very sharp. On the other hand, the conventional hydrazine reduction method can obtain copper powder having a sharp particle size distribution, but its average particle size (D 50 ) Was able to obtain only copper powder having a larger particle size than that of the present example.
[0030]
According to the data of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 shown in Table 1, the average particle diameter (D 50 ) And SD / D for the number of reaction equivalents 50 We examined the correlation with. As a result, when the reaction equivalent of sodium hydroxide reached 1.0 or 2.0, the average particle size (D 50 ) And SD / D 50 Both values increase rapidly, and the amount of sodium hydroxide added is about 1.10 in terms of reaction equivalents. 50 And SD / D 50 The value of suddenly increased. This was considered because the cupric oxide to be synthesized was non-uniform and the finally obtained copper powder was also non-uniform accordingly. Further, when sodium hydroxide corresponding to a reaction equivalent of 2.0 is added, the reaction during reduction to metallic copper becomes intense and tends to aggregate. 50 And SD / D 50 The value of was thought to increase rapidly. Therefore, the predetermined average particle diameter (D 50 ) For the SD / D 50 In order to produce a copper powder having a value of 0.5 or less, it was estimated that the amount of sodium hydroxide added should be controlled in the range of approximately 1.10 to 1.60 in terms of reaction equivalents.
[0031]
Moreover, the copper powder particle diameter at the time of changing the hydrazine addition time on the conditions which manufactured the copper powder of the said Example 1 was investigated. The results are shown in Table 2. As can be seen from Table 2, the average particle size (D 50 ) Is larger, but its particle size distribution is very sharp, SD / D 50 It was also found that the value was 0.5 or less.
[0032]
[Table 2]
[0033]
Then, the result of having investigated the characteristic at the time of using copper paste is demonstrated. The copper paste used for the characteristic investigation was prepared by mixing 50 g of a solvent in which 7 parts of ethylcellulose was sufficiently dissolved with 93 parts of terpineol and 50 g of copper powder, and then kneading the mixture with three rolls. And the viscosity of the produced copper paste was measured at 0.5 rpm using a viscometer (RE-105U type, manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.). Moreover, after apply | coating the produced copper paste with a thickness of 30 micrometers on a film with a coating machine, and drying, the film density was measured with the dry coating film. The film density was determined by measuring the weight of a dry film having a predetermined shape. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0034]
[Table 3]
[0035]
As shown in Table 3, the copper pastes of the examples were found to be excellent in handleability because of their low viscosity. The film density was also found to be very high.
[0036]
Subsequently, the surface-treated copper powder according to the present invention will be described. Here, a case where the surface-treated copper powder is produced using the oleic acid as the fatty acid in the copper powder of Example 1 is taken as an example. Evaluation here produced the copper paste using surface-treated copper powder, and measured the rate of change of the viscosity of the copper paste. Furthermore, the comparison with the surface-treated copper powder which processed the conventional oleic acid was performed.
[0037]
First, conditions for forming a surface treatment layer using oleic acid on the surface of copper powder will be described. 5 kg of the copper powder of Example 1 was put in Nutsche, and 5 liters of methanol solution dispersed by adding 5 g of oleic acid was added dropwise to form a surface treatment layer on the surface of the copper powder. And the surface treatment copper powder and the solution were separated by suction filtration.
[0038]
And by dripping 2 liters of methanol liquid to the obtained surface-treated copper powder, the surface-treated copper powder is washed, filtered by suction, and only the metal salt of oleic acid remains on the surface-treated layer of the copper powder. (Hereinafter referred to as Example 1S). The surface-treated copper powder separated by suction filtration was dried at a temperature of 70 ° C. for 5 hours. As a result of FT-IR analysis of the surface-treated copper powder at this stage, it was found that only the peak of the fatty acid metal salt was detected.
[0039]
Subsequently, an epoxy-based copper paste was produced using this surface-treated copper powder. 80 parts by weight of surface-treated copper powder, 4 parts by weight of first epoxy resin (Epicoat 828 manufactured by Yuka Shell Co., Ltd.), 12 parts by weight of second epoxy resin (YD-171 manufactured by Toto Kasei Co., Ltd.), cured epoxy resin 4 parts by weight of agent (Ajinomoto Amicure MY-24), these were mixed and kneaded for 30 minutes to obtain an epoxy-based copper paste.
[0040]
When the viscosity immediately after the production of the epoxy-based copper paste obtained as described above is measured, it is 300 Pa · s, the viscosity after one week is 450 Pa · s, and it is considered as a change rate of the viscosity based on the viscosity immediately after the production. And the result was 50%. This viscosity measurement is the result of measurement using a RE-105U viscometer (manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.) at a rotation speed of 0.1 rpm.
[0041]
As a comparison, a surface-treated copper powder treated with oleic acid and having each of fatty acid adsorbed and remaining on the copper powder surface and a metal salt of the fatty acid was prepared and subjected to FT-IR analysis. A paste was produced and its viscosity change was investigated. As a result of FT-IR analysis of the surface-treated copper powder in which each of the fatty acid adsorbed and remaining on the copper powder surface and the metal salt of the fatty acid existed, naturally, a peak of the fatty acid metal salt and a peak due to the fatty acid were detected.
[0042]
And the viscosity when the surface treatment copper powder in which each of the fatty acid adsorbed and remained on the surface of the copper powder and the metal salt of the fatty acid was used as a copper pace and the rate of change of the viscosity were measured. As a result, the viscosity immediately after production of the epoxy-based copper paste was measured to be 430 Pa · s, and the viscosity after one week passed was 1120 Pa · s, which was 260% when considered as the rate of change in viscosity based on the viscosity immediately after production. It was. From the above results, it was found that the surface-treated copper powder of this example had a low initial viscosity and very little change in viscosity with time.
[0043]
Furthermore, the surface treatment which carried out the surface treatment mentioned above to the copper powder of the said Examples 2-4 was made into surface-treated copper powder (Example 2S-4S), and the result of having investigated the characteristic at the time of making a copper paste is demonstrated. The manufacturing method and characteristic measurement of the copper paste are the same as those described above, and will be omitted. Table 3 shows the results of the paste property investigation for each surface-treated copper powder.
[0044]
[Table 4]
[0045]
As can be seen from Table 4, the viscosity is lower than the copper powder not subjected to the surface treatment shown in Table 3, and the film density is improved by about 0.1 to 0.2 when the surface-treated copper powder is used. It was confirmed that
[0046]
Finally, the results of X-ray diffraction of cupric oxide generated in the manufacturing process described in Example 1 will be described. Here, cupric oxide produced by adding a sodium hydroxide solution corresponding to a reaction equivalent of 1.15 to an aqueous copper salt solution in which copper sulfate (pentahydrate) and aminoacetic acid are dissolved in water is X Line diffraction analysis was performed. The result is shown in FIG.
[0047]
In FIG. 1, a sodium hydroxide solution corresponding to a reaction equivalent of 1.08 was added to the X-ray diffraction pattern as a comparison, and the solution color was slightly blue without causing an aging reaction. The result of analyzing the precipitate (Comparative Example 3) is also shown. As can be seen from the X-ray diffraction pattern of FIG. 1, in the cupric oxide obtained in Example 1, only the cupric oxide peak was clearly detected. On the other hand, in the precipitate of Comparative Example 3, although a peak corresponding to cupric oxide was slightly observed, the peak of copper hydroxide clearly appeared. Therefore, in the case of the comparative example 3, it was thought that what was produced | generated from the copper salt aqueous solution without carrying out an aging process was a mixture of copper hydroxide and cupric oxide.
[0048]
Moreover, about this comparative example 3, the reduction process was carried out, copper powder was manufactured, it was made into the copper paste similarly to the comparative examples 1 and 2, and the viscosity and film | membrane density were measured. The results are shown in Table 5 together with Example 1.
[0049]
[Table 5]
[0050]
When considering the results shown in Table 5 together with the results of the X-ray diffraction pattern, the copper powder is aged from an aqueous copper salt solution of Comparative Example 3 (same as Comparative Example 1 or 2). In the case of a product obtained by reducing the precipitate (mixture of copper hydroxide and copper oxide) produced without any problems, the particle size is fine, but the properties of viscosity and film density are sufficient when copper paste is used. It was not satisfactory. On the other hand, this example is a copper powder obtained by reducing a copper oxide aqueous solution completely formed as cupric oxide through an aging treatment, and is fine and has a very sharp particle size distribution. In addition, it is considered that the viscosity and film density characteristics were improved when copper paste was used.
[0051]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to easily produce a copper powder with a fine copper powder and a very sharp particle size distribution. And when a copper paste is formed with the copper powder obtained by the manufacturing method of the present invention, it has low viscosity characteristics that could not be realized with conventional copper powder, has excellent filling properties, and is suitable for forming a conductor for an electronic circuit. It will be a thing.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1 is an X-ray diffraction pattern diagram for cupric oxide of Example 1. FIG.
Claims (4)
銅塩水溶液に錯化剤を予め投入した後、反応当量で1.10〜1.60に相当する水酸化アルカリを混合して、黒色の酸化第二銅を生成するように熟成反応させ、当該酸化第二銅を還元糖による酸化第一銅への還元を終了した反応スラリーにヒドラジン系還元剤を60分間以下の添加時間で添加して酸化第一銅を還元して金属銅を生成することを特徴とする銅粉の製造方法。Mixing alkali hydroxide with copper salt aqueous solution having divalent copper ion to produce cupric oxide, adding reducing sugar to reduce cupric oxide to cuprous oxide, and also hydrazine reducing agent In the method for producing copper powder that produces metallic copper by reducing cuprous oxide by adding
After previously adding a complexing agent to the copper salt aqueous solution, an alkali hydroxide corresponding to 1.10 to 1.60 in reaction equivalent is mixed, and a ripening reaction is performed so as to produce black cupric oxide , Add metal hydride by reducing cuprous oxide by adding a hydrazine-based reducing agent to the reaction slurry after the reduction of cupric oxide to cuprous oxide with reducing sugar for 60 minutes or less. A method for producing copper powder characterized by the above.
レーザー回折散乱式粒度分布測定法による重量累積粒径D50が0.05μm〜2.564μmで、且つ重量累積粒径D50とその粒度分布の標準偏差SDとによるSD/D50が0.2〜0.5である銅粉。It is the copper powder obtained by the manufacturing method of the copper powder as described in Claims 1-3,
The weight cumulative particle diameter D 50 by the laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution measurement method is 0.05 μm to 2.564 μm , and the SD / D 50 by the weight cumulative particle diameter D 50 and the standard deviation SD of the particle size distribution is 0.2. Copper powder that is ~ 0.5.
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| JP4662760B2 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2011-03-30 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | Ultrafine copper powder, ultrafine copper powder slurry, and method for producing ultrafine copper powder slurry |
| JP5255580B2 (en) * | 2010-02-10 | 2013-08-07 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | Method for producing flake copper powder |
| JP5820202B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2015-11-24 | Dowaエレクトロニクス株式会社 | Copper powder for conductive paste and method for producing the same |
| JP5839217B2 (en) * | 2011-05-17 | 2016-01-06 | 国立大学法人北海道大学 | Method for producing copper fine particles |
| JP5505392B2 (en) | 2011-10-04 | 2014-05-28 | 株式会社デンソー | COMPOSITE MATERIAL, AND ELECTRIC CONTACT ELECTRODE, ELECTRIC CONTACT FILM, CONDUCTIVE FILLER, ELECTRIC CONTACT STRUCTURE USING THE SAME, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING COMPOSITE MATERIAL |
| CN102941351B (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2015-08-26 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一二研究所 | A kind of preparation method of superfine cupper powder |
| JP6368925B2 (en) | 2014-10-01 | 2018-08-08 | 協立化学産業株式会社 | Coated copper particles and method for producing the same |
| WO2016136753A1 (en) * | 2015-02-27 | 2016-09-01 | 日立化成株式会社 | Copper-containing particles, conductor-forming composition, method for manufacturing conductor, conductor and device |
| JP6627228B2 (en) * | 2015-02-27 | 2020-01-08 | 日立化成株式会社 | Copper-containing particles, conductor-forming composition, method for producing conductor, conductor and device |
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