JP4200141B2 - Raw material powder manufacturing method suitable for low-moisture processed foods - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing a raw material powder suitable for low-moisture processed foods such as puffed foods and cookies from root vegetables containing starch.

  Conventionally, there are two methods for producing raw powders used in low-moisture processed foods in the case of raw root vegetables containing starch such as sweet potato and potato. The first example is a method in which the root vegetables are shredded to an appropriate size, dried by ventilation or hot air, and pulverized and powdered. The second example is a method in which the starch containing the root vegetables is sufficiently gelatinized and then dried with a drum dryer or the like, and pulverized and powdered.

JP 2003-23996 A JP 2001-86970 A JP-A-11-332502

  However, when the raw material powder produced by the above method is subjected to a puffing process using an apparatus such as an extruder to produce a puffed food, the puffed food of the raw material powder produced by the method of the first example has a root vegetable as a raw material. Discoloration, off-flavor, and pungent taste are likely to occur due to the oxidase and polyphenols, etc., and there is a problem that a processed food with poor swelling and a very hard texture can be obtained with a strong plant tissue ing. In addition, the puffed food of the raw material powder produced by the method of the second example has a problem that it is easily burnt during the puffing process due to the saccharides produced by the heat treatment process, and it adheres significantly to the teeth when eaten. is doing.

  When low-moisture processed foods such as cookies are produced using raw powders produced by conventional methods as the main raw materials, there are almost the same problems as in the case of the above-mentioned expanded foods, and cracks in the state of the dough before baking There is a problem that occurs.

  Therefore, when used in low-moisture processed foods, the present invention is less likely to cause scorching, discoloration, off-flavours, and savory tastes, and is excellent in swelling property, so that the processed foods are hard to harden and have little adhesion to teeth It aims at providing the manufacturing method of the raw material powder suitable for the low-moisture processed food characterized.

  For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a method for cutting root vegetables and removing odors by heating, pulverizing after drying, as a conventional vegetable-related powder and a method for producing the same, as the above-described conventional technology-related disclosure information. As described above, as described above, it is not possible to obtain heat suppression, non-adhesion to teeth, and the like when processing is used, which is an object of the present invention. Further, Patent Document 2 discloses a method of simultaneously slicing and washing vegetables, but does not mention any subsequent processes, and the object of the present invention cannot be achieved. Further, Patent Document 3 discloses a method for producing a saccharified dried product of sweet potato, a method in which steamed sweet potato is crushed and malt is added to a dry powder, saccharified, and dried and pulverized by heat or sun. Similarly, the object of the present invention is different.

  Therefore, the present inventors, when processing and using raw powder such as root vegetables containing starch, in order to suppress the generation of charring, discoloration, off-flavor, gummy taste and adhesion to teeth, oxidation in root vegetables It is important to inactivate the enzyme and to remove sugar and polyphenol as much as possible. Furthermore, in order to obtain a raw material powder for producing processed foods that are hard to harden and have excellent expansibility, the plant body tissue is used to some extent. Based on the idea that it is important to soften and break down, it is a treatment process and treatment conditions that do not gelatinize the root vegetables as much as possible, and to suppress the shrinkage of plant tissue as much as possible. It was.

  As a result of the above research, in order to inactivate oxidase as a raw material powder processing step, it is necessary to perform a treatment with heated water, and to remove sugar and polyphenol as much as possible, a solid-liquid separation treatment is required. In order to soften and destroy plant tissue to some extent, it is necessary to perform freeze-thaw treatment, which must be performed before solid-liquid separation treatment, and to suppress the contraction of plant tissue during drying as much as possible The present inventors have found that a vacuum drying treatment is necessary.

Therefore, the method for producing the raw material powder suitable for the low-moisture processed food of the present invention is a method of chopping root vegetables containing starch, drying and pulverizing to produce the raw material powder suitable for the low-moisture processed food. The dried root vegetables are exposed to warm water, and the exposed root vegetables are freeze-thawed to soften and destroy the root vegetable plant tissue, remove the juice exuded by the solid-liquid separation process, dry the resulting cake under reduced pressure, and then dry The gist is to grind the flakes.

  Further, the step of exposing the root vegetables used in the present invention to water is necessary for inactivation in order to inactivate the oxidase contained in the root vegetables so that the hot water temperature is in the vicinity of the boiling point of water and to suppress starch gelatinization as much as possible. It is necessary to expose in the shortest possible time, and the freezing and thawing process is to freeze the exposed root vegetables completely and then thaw in a temperature range lower than the gelatinization temperature of the starch contained in the root vegetables so that the starch will not be gelatinized In order to prevent starch from being gelatinized as much as possible, it is necessary to carry out the treatment, and in a temperature range lower than the gelatinization temperature of the starch contained in the root vegetables, and under reduced pressure to further suppress the shrinkage of the plant tissue. The knowledge that it was necessary to dry-process was acquired.

Therefore, the method for producing the raw material powder suitable for the low-moisture processed food of the present invention is necessary for further inactivating the oxidase contained in the root vegetables in the vicinity of the boiling point of the water when the hot water temperature in the step of exposing to water is further increased. characterized by exposing in the shortest time, exposing in particular by immersing the raw material pieces with pressurized hot water, so that the hot water of the hot water warming passes uniformly heat the material piece not below the 95 ° C. , And a step of immediately cooling with cold water after immersion for 30 to 60 seconds.

Furthermore, in the method for producing a raw material powder suitable for the low-moisture processed food of the present invention, the step of freezing and thawing is performed after the exposed root vegetables are completely frozen and then the gelatinization temperature of the starch contained in the root vegetables. The step of freezing and thawing the exposed root vegetables is characterized by performing a thawing process in a low temperature zone, and the gelatinizing temperature of the starch contained in the root vegetables after freezing the raw material pieces by slow freezing It is a step of softening and destroying the root vegetable plant tissue of the raw material piece by thawing treatment at a lower temperature zone.

Furthermore, in the method for producing a raw material powder suitable for the low-moisture processed food of the present invention, the step of drying under reduced pressure is performed by heating to a temperature range lower than the gelatinization temperature of the starch contained in the root vegetables, and solid-liquid separation The cake obtained after the treatment is dried under reduced pressure . Specifically, the reduced-pressure drying treatment is performed in a temperature range lower than the gelatinization temperature of the starch contained in the root vegetables, and the operation pressure is 4000 Pa. This is a vacuum drying treatment for drying under the following reduced pressure.

  As described above, according to the present invention, by performing a treatment of exposing root vegetables with heated water, the oxidase contained in the root vegetables is inactivated and used for processed foods. Taste generation can be suppressed. In addition, by performing the solid-liquid separation treatment, it is possible to reduce the sugar and polyphenol contained in the root vegetables and to suppress the burning, discoloration, off-flavor, gummy taste, and adhesion to the teeth that are seen when used in processed foods. Furthermore, softening and destroying the plant tissue by applying freeze-thaw treatment, and additionally reducing the shrinkage of the plant tissue by applying reduced-pressure drying treatment to improve the hardness of the processed food when used in processed food Can do. It is also suitable for low-moisture processed foods because it has a feature that it can be expanded in a temperature range where the starch contained in root vegetables is not gelatinized as much as possible in freeze-thaw processing and vacuum drying processing. Raw material powder can be manufactured.

  Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail by way of example. However, as long as there is no specific description about the conditions of the method described in this embodiment, the scope of the present invention is not intended to be limited to that, but is merely an illustrative example.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a process flow of the present invention. In the figure, the raw materials used in the present invention are raw root vegetables agricultural products containing starch such as sweet potato, potato, lotus root and the like.

  The raw material is shredded (2) using a known vegetable cooker or the like. The shape and size of the raw material is 3 mm to 5 mm in thickness for sweet potatoes and potatoes, etc. in order to conduct heat uniformly, and the one with a hollow inside like lotus root is 2 mm to 3 mm thick. Make slices. Moreover, when making it into a slice form, you may cut this finely as needed. In addition, since the raw material piece which carried out the shredding process is easy to discolor, it is desirable to immerse in water. Before the shredding treatment, it is desirable to clean the raw material as necessary (1) and remove the roots and mud on the surface. In some cases, both ends may be cut and peeled and trimmed (1). Further, since peeled sweet potatoes and potatoes are likely to discolor, it is desirable to immerse them in water.

  The shredded raw material pieces are blanched (3) by being exposed to warm water. Completely immerse for 30 to 60 seconds so that the hot water temperature during blanching does not drop below 95 ° C. and the heat passes uniformly to all pieces. The soaking time varies depending on the type and variety of the raw material. In the case of sweet potatoes, it is preferable to have about 40 sec. In addition, after the blanching treatment, it is desirable to immediately cool with cold water or the like in order to prevent gelatinization of starch due to residual heat.

  The raw material piece after the blanching treatment is frozen (4) by a known method to completely freeze the raw material piece. In order to facilitate the solid-liquid separation process in the next step, the freezing process is preferably slow freezing. Further, during the freezing treatment, the raw material piece surface may be covered or filled and sealed in a state where the air is evacuated as much as possible with a synthetic resin or a film wrapping material.

  The frozen raw material piece is thawed (4) by a known method. At this time, the thawing treatment is performed in a temperature range lower than the gelatinization temperature of the starch contained in the raw material. In air thawing, since the thawing time is long, it is desirable to pay attention to the drying of the raw material piece surface and the growth of microorganisms.

  The raw material pieces that have been subjected to freeze-thaw treatment are subjected to a solid-liquid separation process (5) by a known method such as a squeezing machine or a centrifuge to remove the juice that has exuded from the raw material pieces to obtain a cake. In this case, it is desirable to remove 30% or more of the juice from the raw material piece weight.

  The cake obtained by the solid-liquid separation treatment is dried under reduced pressure (6) by a known method such as a vacuum dryer. At this time, it is desirable to dry under a reduced pressure of 4000 Pa or less in a temperature range lower than the gelatinization temperature of the starch contained in the raw material.

  The dried dried flakes are pulverized (7) by a known method and pulverized. When performing the pulverization process, it is desirable to perform the pulverization process in a temperature range lower than the gelatinization temperature of the starch contained in the raw material in consideration of heat generation due to friction or the like. Furthermore, it is preferable to make the particle size of the powder uniform by sieving (8) or granulating (8) as necessary. Hereinafter, the example at the time of manufacturing a low moisture processed food using the raw material powder obtained by this invention is shown.

  Low-moisture processed food raw material powders were produced by the production method according to the present invention using raw sweet potatoes of a total of four varieties of Benicatsuma, Koganesengan, Ayamurasaki and Hayatoimo. Using this powder, it was directly expanded with an extruder to produce a puffed food, and compared to the puffed food of the raw material powder produced by the conventional technology, there was less burning and discoloration, and there was no off-flavor or taste. In addition, a well-expanded puffed food was obtained that did not adhere much to the teeth, did not become hard, and had a good texture.

  When raw potato or lotus root was used as a raw material to produce a low-moisture processed food raw material powder by the method according to the present invention, and a puffed food was produced by the same method as in Example 1, the same results as described in Example 1 were obtained.

  Using the low-moisture processed food raw material powder produced in Example 1, a cookie having the composition shown in Table 1 was produced. Compared with a cookie using only wheat flour, a cookie having an expansion rate and texture that is completely inferior. Obtained. In addition, the cookie using the low-moisture processed food raw material powder produced in the present invention has cracks in the dough before baking and the charring and discoloration during baking compared to the cookie using the raw material powder produced by the conventional technology. A well-expanded cookie with little smell, no pungent taste, less sticking to teeth, not hard and textured was obtained.

  When raw potato was used as a raw material to produce a low-moisture processed food raw material powder by the method according to the present invention and a cookie was produced according to the formulation shown in Table 2, the same results as described in Example 3 were obtained.

  Since the low-moisture processed food raw material powder of the present invention is used in the food industry, the quality of the processed food is improved and the diversity of processed food raw materials is increased, which is a useful technique for the food industry.

It is the block diagram which showed the process flow of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Washing / peeling process 2 Shredding process 3 Branching (bleaching) process 4 Freezing / thawing process 5 Solid-liquid separation process 6 Vacuum drying process 7 Grinding process 8 Sieving or granulating process

Claims (1)

Bleached by immersion of the root vegetables including shredded starch pressurized hot water, a bleached root vegetables and frozen thawed treated to soften, break the root plant tissue, remove the juice exuded by solid-liquid separation process, resulting A method for producing a raw material powder suitable for low-moisture processed foods in which cake is dried under reduced pressure and then dried flakes are crushed,
In the case of potatoes, the shredding step is shredded, and the lotus root is further sliced or sliced into slices (hereinafter referred to as shredded root vegetables as raw material pieces),
Exposing by immersing the raw material pieces with pressurized hot water, so that the hot water of the hot water warming passes uniformly heat the material piece not below the 95 ° C., immediately cooled with cold water after soaking 30 seconds to 60 seconds Process,
Step, after frozen by slow freezing raw material pieces, decompression processing to root plant tissue of the raw material pieces at a lower temperature zone than the gelatinization temperature of the starch that root contains the freeze-thaw process the bleached root vegetable Is a process of softening and breaking
The low-pressure drying treatment is a low-pressure drying treatment in which drying is performed under a reduced pressure of 4000 Pa or less in a temperature range lower than the gelatinization temperature of starch contained in the root vegetables corresponding to the raw material pieces. Raw material powder manufacturing method suitable for processed foods.

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