JP4210531B2 - Metal waste treatment facility - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  The present invention crushes metal waste such as refrigerators, washing machines and scrap cars, and separates and recovers various metals from the material to be crushed.WhereIt relates to physical equipment.
[0002]
[Prior art]
  Conventionally, waste household electrical appliances such as refrigerators and washing machines, and metal waste such as scrap cars have been crushed to a predetermined size by crushing treatment, but in recent years, materials that can be recycled from the viewpoint of environmental protection Are recycled. In particular, it is trying to effectively recycle valuables such as iron, copper and aluminum in metal waste.
[0003]
  However, in the case of metal waste made of composite materials in which metal and resin are mixed, such as the above-mentioned waste home appliances such as refrigerators, each resource is effectively recycled only after the metal and resin are separated. It becomes possible to do. Therefore, even if only a magnetic metal such as iron is separated from the object to be crushed by a mixture of metal and resin, for example, the metal is discharged to the magnet side while the resin is entangled with the metal. Therefore, it cannot be recycled as a composite material in which metal and resin are integrated.
[0004]
  Further, for example, metals discharged from a car shredder that crushes a scrap car with a hammer that rotates at high speed are simply cars that are made of various metals, so these various metals are mixed. It is discharged in a mixed metal state. Even if such a mixed metal is to be recycled, it is difficult to separate each material, and even if it is separated, there are many impurities and it is sold at a low price. In addition, recovered irons can only be reused for low value-added products that are reused in electric furnaces.
[0005]
  FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a processing flow in a conventional metal waste processing facility, and an example in the case of processing metal waste such as waste home appliances and waste automobiles will be described based on this figure. The metal waste to be treated is usually stored in the metal waste stock yard 101 in a state where various metals are mixed. The metal waste stored in the metal waste stock yard 101 is discharged by a predetermined amount by the feeder 102. The metal lump 104 is first separated by the metal lump sorting means 103 from the metal waste discharged by the feeder 102 by a predetermined amount. As this metal lump separating means 103, for example, the operator manually separates the metal lump from the metal waste flowing on the conveyor, and the metal lump such as a compressor or a motor in the metal waste. Is removed.
[0006]
  The metal waste from which the metal lump has been removed by the metal lump sorting means 103 is impact-crushed by an impact-type (or shear-type) crusher 105. As the impact type (or shear type) crusher 105, for example, a hammer type shredder, a rotary shredder or the like is used, and crushed to a predetermined size.
[0007]
  Metal waste that has been crushed to a predetermined size by an impact-type (or shear-type) crusher 105 is a metal from which light-weight items such as dust and heat insulating material are separated by a light-weight sorter 106 and light-weight items are removed. From the waste, the iron 108 is separated by the magnetic separator 107. As the light weight sorter 106, a device that removes dust and light weight by air suction or the like from the upper part of a vibration conveyor or the like that conveys the metal waste crushed by the impact type (or shear type) crusher 105 is used. It is done. In addition, as the magnetic separator 107, an apparatus is used in which the irons 108 in the metal waste transported by a conveyor or the like are adsorbed by a magnetic force and separated into a predetermined iron discharge unit.
[0008]
  The metal waste from which the irons 108 are removed in this way is separated into plastics 110 by the wind power sorter 109. As the wind power sorter 109, a device that separates specific gravity such as a cyclone is used.
[0009]
  The metal waste from which the plastics 110 have been removed is separated into non-ferrous metals 113 such as copper, aluminum, and stainless steel by specific gravity sorting by the specific gravity sorter 111 and eddy current sorting by the eddy current sorter 112. As the specific gravity sorter 111, a wind sorter or the like that separates the metal waste on the screen in different directions by specific gravity difference by applying wind at a predetermined wind speed from below is used. As the eddy current selector 112, the front end side of the conveyor belt is obtained by the interaction between the induced magnetic field generated in response to the electromagnetic induction effect of the moving magnetic field of the rotating magnet body provided on the front end side of the conveyor belt and the moving magnetic field. A thrust is given to the metal waste transported in the direction of rotation of the rotating magnet body, and the non-ferrous metals are ejected from the surface of the conveyor belt in the direction of the combined force of this thrust and gravity acting on the non-ferrous metals. The configured one is used.
[0010]
  In the case where the metal lump 104 is not separated by the metal lump separating means 103, the metal lump 104 is directly crushed by directly putting it into a high output impact crusher. In this case, the metal lump in a state of being separated to some extent is discharged, but the metal lump 104 is separated and collected in front of the magnetic separator 107 by a picking means by a person.
[0011]
  As described above, the metal lump 104 separated from the metal waste and the metal lump 104 separated and collected in this manner are manually disassembled. For example, metal lumps such as motors and compressors are sold overseas. The workers are dismantled manually at the site and separated into parts such as rotors and stators, and iron and copper are separated.
[0012]
  Further, since the sorted irons 108 contain a large amount of impurities, they are usually reused as so-called scrap iron by melting in an electric furnace as an inexpensive material.
[0013]
  Further, the sorted non-ferrous metals 113 (mixed metal) are sorted manually for each material such as zinc, copper, aluminum, and stainless steel.
[0014]
  In addition, as a conventional technique of this type, a hammer is used so that a material to be crushed with a resin bonded to a metal or a material to be crushed with a metal of a different material is separated into each material and crushed to a predetermined size. A hammer crusher was first filed (see Patent Document 1), which was crushed and separated by the hitting force and the twisting force between the collision members.
[0015]
[Patent Document 1]
        Japanese Patent No. 2902273 (second page, FIG. 1)
[0016]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
  However, as described above, the work of manually disassembling the metal lump 104 separated from the metal waste and separating it manually for each part is very time-consuming and time-consuming and is efficiently recycled. I can't. Further, the irons 108 sorted as described above can only be recycled as a low-value-added material because of the large amount of impurities mixed therein. Furthermore, the work of manually separating copper, aluminum, and the like from the non-ferrous metals 113 sorted as described above for each material is also an inefficient recycling requiring a lot of time and labor.
[0017]
  In addition, the work of separating such mixed metals into non-ferrous metals such as irons, rubber, non-ferrous metals such as zinc, aluminum, copper, and stainless steel can be solved only by the hammer crusher described in Patent Document 1. is not.
[0018]
  Moreover, since the irons 108 and the non-ferrous metals 113 thus separated are flat when they are crushed by the impact type (or shear type) crusher 105, the bulk specific gravity is large. It is not energy efficient to dissolve.
[0019]
  Therefore, the present invention is a metal waste that can be recovered with high efficiency by crushing so as to separate valuable materials in metal waste, particularly iron, and non-ferrous metals such as copper and aluminum. placeErectionThe purpose is to provide equipment.
[0020]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  In order to achieve the above object,AkiraMetal lump or ferrous or non-ferrous metalsIndependentlyMetal stock yard to be stored, and the metal block or ferrous or non-ferrous metal from the metal stock yardIndependentlyA feeding machine to supply,Metal lump or ferrous or non-ferrous metals fed from the feederA waste treatment apparatus that crushes while adding impact action, friction action and twisting action to the machine, a magnetic separator for separating iron in the crushed object crushed by the waste treatment apparatus, and a An eddy current sorter or specific gravity sorter that sorts non-ferrous metalsThe waste treatment apparatus includes an input port for inputting a material to be crushed, a crushing chamber for crushing the material to be crushed from the input port, and a discharge port for discharging the material to be crushed in the crushing chamber. A casing provided with a grate for discharging the crushed material in the crushing chamber at a predetermined discharge size between the discharge port and the crushing chamber, the casing being on the discharge port side of the collision liner And the crushing chamber has a plurality of swing hammers extending in a vertical direction from a rotor axial center position so as to be continuous with a discharge port side of the collision liner. A rotor mounted at a predetermined interval in the direction, and a collision liner formed with a protrusion on the swing hammer side of the rotor between the rotor shaft center height position from the inlet side to the outlet side of the crushing chamber inner surface, The collision liner The projecting portion is disposed so as to be positioned between the swing hammers mounted at the predetermined interval, and a striking portion for crushing an object to be crushed between the projecting portion of the collision liner is formed at the tip of the swing hammer. The swing hammer and the collision liner are formed so that the gap gradually decreases from the inlet side to the outlet side, and the swing hammer and the collision liner are arranged on the inner diameter side of the protruding portion of the collision liner on the outlet side. It is configured so that the end and the tip of the swing hammer overlap, and the metal lump or the ferrous or non-ferrous metal is crushed while adding impact, friction and twisting action.. In this way, the metal lump or the ferrous or non-ferrous metal supplied from the metal stock yard by the feeder is crushed by the waste treatment apparatus that crushes while adding the impact action, the friction action and the twist action. The irons and non-ferrous metals in the crushed object become irons and non-ferrous metals with less impurities, and by separating them, they can be efficiently separated into each material.
[0021]
  AlsoAs crushing while adding the impact action, friction action and twist action,Objects to be crushed from the entranceTheStroke with swing hammer mounted on rotating rotorShiHit the impact linerLet the material to be crushedFurther blowShiCrushing while applying friction and twist between the swing hammer and the impact linerYouTherefore, metals, non-ferrous metals, and impurities can be effectively separated by impact, friction, and twisting, and these can be efficiently separated.
[0022]
  Moreover,Since the object to be struck by the ing hammer is crushed while being caught by the protruding portion of the collision liner located between the swing hammers, the object to be crushed has a large twisting action and can easily separate different metals. .Moreover,Since the action of twisting the object to be crushed between the protrusion of the collision liner and the swing hammer can be increased, the action of separating different metals can be increased.
[0023]
  In addition, it is a crushed object that collides with the liner of the collision chamber formed on the discharge side of the casing and is reflected laterally by the grate arranged to be connected to the discharge port side of the collision liner. The smaller object to be crushed is discharged from the discharge port, and the object to be crushed larger than the opening of the Great can be repeatedly crushed and sized so as to be twisted in the casing until the opening becomes smaller than the opening of the Great.
[0024]
  Also beforeMoneyIn the genus waste treatment facility, if a water sprayer for spraying water is provided between the swing hammer and the collision liner of the waste treatment apparatus to suppress the temperature rise of the material to be crushed, The object to be crushed in the casing can always be cooled to suppress combustion and explosion in the casing.
[0025]
  Further, in the metal waste treatment facility, the waste treatment device includes a gas concentration sensor for detecting a combustion / explosive gas concentration in the casing, and a combustion / explosive gas concentration detected by the gas concentration sensor. If a controller for spraying water into the casing with the water sprayer is provided so that the gas is below a predetermined lower limit value, the combustion / explosive gas concentration in the casing is constantly monitored, It is possible to stably prevent the explosion from occurring.
[0026]
  Further, in the metal waste treatment facility, the waste treatment apparatus includes a radiation temperature sensor that detects a surface temperature of the material to be crushed discharged from the great, and a material to be crushed detected by the radiation temperature sensor. If a controller for spraying water into the casing by the water sprayer is provided so that the surface temperature of the object is lower than the ignition or ignition temperature of the combustion / explosive gas, the surface temperature of the discharged object to be crushed Can be constantly monitored to prevent combustion and explosion in the casing stably.
[0027]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a metal waste processing facility according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a processing flow in the block diagram. FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing pretreatment when the metal waste to be treated is a metal lump such as a compressor. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the waste treatment apparatus used in the present invention in a side view, and is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV shown in FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VV shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is an enlarged view showing a circumferential relationship between the swing hammer and the collision liner shown in FIG. FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the relationship in the width direction between the swing hammer and the collision liner shown in FIG. 8 is a partially enlarged view of the rotor shown in FIG. 4, and FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of the IX portion shown in FIG.
[0028]
  In this embodiment, as shown in the processing flow of FIG. 2, the metal lump 104, the irons 108, and the non-ferrous metals 113 separated by the above-described conventional processing flow of FIG. 10 are stored in the metal stock yard 1, respectively. The metal lump 104, the iron 108, and the non-ferrous metal 113 stored in the metal stock yard 1 are further mechanically separated.ErectionA description will be given by taking the preparation as an example.
[0029]
  As shown in FIG. 1, the metal lump 104, the irons 108, and the non-ferrous metals 113 stored in the metal stock yard 1 are configured so as to be selectively discharged as crushed objects D. These are configured such that each can be independently supplied to the waste treatment apparatus 5 by the feeder 4 (2, 3).
[0030]
  A conveyor 2 and an apron conveyor 3 are used as the feeder 4, and the material to be crushed D is thrown into the waste treatment apparatus 5 by these feeders 4. The supply amount of the material to be crushed D by these feeders 4 is adjusted in accordance with the type of material to be crushed D and the processing capacity of the waste treatment apparatus 5. A material to be crushed D is supplied.
[0031]
  The pretreatment shown in FIG. 3 shows a case where the metal block 104 such as a compressor stored in the metal stock yard 1 is processed. When processing the metal lump 104 stored in the metal stock yard 1, the metal lump 104 is first supplied to the recycle cutter 7 by the conveyor 6, and is cut into a predetermined size by the recycle cutter 7. In this embodiment, the cut object to be crushed D is conveyed by a vibrating conveyor 8 formed of a rod deck. During the conveyance, the oil 9 in the metal lump 104 is separated downward, and the metal lump 104 is separated from the apron conveyor 3. Supplied to. Oil 9 is separated and purified by oil purifier 10 from oil and refrigerant. The metal lump 104 supplied to the apron conveyor 3 is put into the waste treatment apparatus 5 as shown in FIG. In this case as well, the supply amount is adjusted according to the type of the material to be crushed D and the processing capacity of the waste processing apparatus 5.
[0032]
  The waste disposal apparatus 5 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the casing 11 that forms the outline of the waste treatment apparatus 5 is provided with an inlet 12 on the right side and an outlet 13 on the left side. A crushing chamber 14 is located between the inlet 12 and the outlet 13. The crushing chamber 14 is provided with a rotor 15 equipped with a plurality of swing hammers 16 for crushing the material D to be crushed.
[0033]
  As shown in FIG. 5, the rotor 15 is supported on a casing 11 by a drive shaft 18 supported by a bearing 17. In the width direction of the drive shaft 18, a plurality of intermediate disks 19 and a spacer 21 that adjusts the gap between the intermediate disks 19 and the end disks 20 are provided. One end (left side in the figure) of the drive shaft 18 protrudes laterally from the casing 11, and a pulley 22 is provided at this one end and is driven by a prime mover (not shown).
[0034]
  A support shaft 23 that supports the swing hammer 16 is provided at a predetermined position between the intermediate disk 19 and the end disk 20 provided on the rotor 15. The support shaft 23 is provided so as to penetrate the intermediate disk 19 and the end disk 20, and is attached by a fixing member 24 fixed to the side surface of the end disk 20. Further, since the support shaft 23 is formed with high hardness equivalent to that of the swing hammer 16, a bush 25 is provided at the support portion of the intermediate disk 19 and the end disk 20 that support the support shaft 23. The bush 25 is formed with high hardness equivalent to that of the support shaft 23, and the impact reaction force from the swing hammer 16 is stably received by the disks 19 and 20. Further, by making the bush 25 have the same hardness as the support shaft 23 of the swing hammer 16, the wear of the disks 19 and 20 is prevented.
[0035]
  In this embodiment, the swing hammers 16 attached to the support shaft 23 are provided in three rows in the width direction of the casing 11. As shown in FIG. 4, these swing hammers 16 are provided at equal intervals by shifting six support shafts 23 provided on the same circumference in a side view at 60 ° intervals. The swing hammers 16 mounted in each row are provided at positions facing the drive shaft 18, and the six swing hammers 16 provided on the entire rotor 15 are arranged so as to be balanced as a whole. Yes.
[0036]
  A protector 26 for protecting the intermediate disk 19, the support shaft 23, the spacer 21 and the like is provided at a position in the width direction of the rotor 15 where the swing hammer 16 is not provided. The protector 26 is attached by inserting the attachment portion 27 through the support shaft 23, and the outer cover portion 28 is attached in a state where a minute gap is provided from the outer peripheral portion of the intermediate ring 19.
[0037]
  Further, as shown in FIG. 4, a collision chamber 39 protruding upward is formed in the casing 11 behind the rotor 15. The collision chamber 39 is provided with a liner 40 that collides with the object D to be crushed by the swing hammer 16.
[0038]
  A grate 41 for determining the discharge size of the crushed object D is provided between the discharge port 13 provided on the left side (rear part) of the casing 11 and the collision chamber 39. The object to be crushed D reflected by the liner 40 of the collision chamber 39 jumps to the great 41, and the object to be crushed D smaller than the opening E (opening) of the great 41 is discharged to the discharge port 13.
[0039]
  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4, a collision liner 32 is provided on the inner surface of the casing 11 located below the swing hammer 16. The collision liner 32 in this embodiment is provided from a position substantially below the center of the input port 12 to the discharge port 13 side behind the crushing chamber 14, and has a flat surface on the collision liner 33 and the swing hammer 16 side. Collision liners 34 provided with projecting portions 35 that project are alternately provided. These collision liners 33 and 34 form the entire collision liner 32. As shown in FIG. 2, these collision liners 33 and 34 include an arcuate support portion 36 provided at the lower end of the casing 11, and an arcuate guide provided on the casing 11 at a predetermined interval from the support portion 36. It is mounted between the member 37.
[0040]
  As shown in FIG. 6, the collision liners 33 and 34 provided in this way from the inlet 12 side to the outlet 13 side of the crushing chamber 14 are in contact with the tip end locus R of the swing hammer 16 on the inlet side. The interval S1 is wide and gradually decreases toward the discharge port side, and is provided so as to have a narrow interval S2 such that the tip end locus R of the swing hammer 16 and the inner diameter side end of the protrusion 35 overlap on the discharge side. Yes.
[0041]
  As described above, the interval S between the swing hammer 16 and the collision liner 32 gradually decreases from the wide interval S1 on the inlet 12 side of the casing 11 to the outlet 13 side, and becomes a narrow interval S2 on the outlet 13 side. It is adjusted according to the material of the material to be crushed D to be input.
[0042]
  As shown in FIG. 7, the relationship between the width dimension W1 of the swing hammer 16 and the width dimension W2 of the intermediate disk 19 is formed to be approximately 1: 0.7. The relationship between the width dimension W1 of the swing hammer 16 and the width dimension W2 of the intermediate disk 19 is that if the width dimension of the intermediate disk 19 is approximately 0.7 to 1 with respect to the width dimension 1 of the swing hammer 16, the swing hammer The crushing efficiency of the material D to be crushed by 16 can be stably maintained.
[0043]
  The protrusion 35 provided on the collision liner 34 is provided so as to protrude at the position of the intermediate disk 19. And the protrusion part 35 is formed in the dimension W3 which provides the predetermined clearance gap W4 between this protrusion part 35 and the side surface of the swing hammer 16. FIG. In this embodiment, a gap W4 of about 50% with respect to the width dimension W3 of the protrusion 35 is provided. This dimension W3 may be determined according to the object to be crushed D. Moreover, since the protrusion 35 on the surface of the collision liner 34 is continuous in the rotation direction of the swing hammer 16, the protrusion 35 is provided so that the surface of the collision liner 34 rotates between the protrusions 35. However, the accommodation passage groove 47 of the swing hammer 16 that passes through and crushes the object D to be crushed is formed. That is, a groove is formed so that the swing hammer 16 passes between the fixed impact collision liner 34 while crushing the object D to be crushed.
[0044]
  As described above, the configuration in which the gap W4 is provided between the side surface of the swing hammer 16 and the protruding portion 35 is important. By providing such a gap W4, the object to be crushed D collides while being hit by the swing hammer 16. It is rubbed with the liner 34, and is twisted and crushed in the gap W4. That is, by providing the predetermined gap W4 between the collision liner 34 and the swing hammer 16 in this manner, the object to be crushed D that has moved from the inlet 12 side to the outlet 13 is caught by these protrusions 35. Since it is crushed in a state, a torsional force acts on the object to be crushed D during this period, and it is possible to effectively apply a force that separates different metals, metals, resins, and the like.
[0045]
  As shown in FIG. 8, the swing hammer 16 spreads from the portion supported by the support shaft 23 toward the tip portion, and is formed in a concavo-convex shape so that a plurality of hitting portions 16 a can be formed on the tip surface. . An uneven portion 38 is formed as a hitting portion at the tip of the swing hammer 16 of this embodiment, and the uneven portion 38 is formed with three convex portions 38b by two concave portions 38a.
[0046]
  By forming the concave and convex portion 38 at the tip of the swing hammer 16 as described above, the number of times that the tip of the rotating swing hammer 16 catches the object to be crushed D (FIGS. 4 and 6) is increased. 34, a large impact, friction, and twisting action is given to the object to be crushed D that moves between them, and the action of separating the materials or granulating the separated object D is generated. .
[0047]
  As described above, in this embodiment, the protrusion / depression portion 38 having a plurality of protrusions 38b is formed at the tip of the swing hammer 16, but a plurality of protrusions 35 of the collision liner 34 are provided on the swing hammer side. You may make it get a catch by forming the uneven | corrugated | grooved part. These may be determined according to the object to be crushed D.
[0048]
  As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the protector 26 is formed with a folded portion 29 that enters a predetermined amount inward in the circumferential front and rear end portions of the cover portion 28. A concave portion 30 is formed in the intermediate disk 19 where the folded portion 29 is located, and the folded portion 29 is formed so as to enter the concave portion 30 in a state where the protector 26 is attached. Thus, by causing the folded portion 29 to enter the concave portion 30 of the intermediate disk 19, the rotor 15 rotates and centrifugal force acts on the protector 26, and as shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. Even if the front side in the rotational direction floats in the range of the gap with the intermediate disk 19, the folded portion 29 does not float outside the outermost peripheral portion of the intermediate disk 19, so that the object D is crushed by the cover portion 28 and the intermediate disk 19. Can be prevented from being caught between the two.
[0049]
  As shown in FIG. 8, the outer diameter portion of the spacer 21 is formed with an escape portion 31 that allows rotation without contact when the swing hammer 16 rotates inward. In this embodiment, the escape portions 31 are formed as concave arc portions, and six escape portions 31 are formed at equal intervals so that the same spacer 21 can be used for the attachment portions of all the swing hammers 16. The thing is adopted. By forming the escape portion 31 in the rotating portion of the swing hammer 16 in this way, the side area of the spacer 21 can be increased, and a stable strength can be maintained between the disks 19 and 20. Further, by forming such a relief portion 31, when a large reaction force acts on the swing hammer 16 that hit the object D, the swing hammer 16 rotates around the support shaft 23 and escapes. Can do. As a result, even if an unnecessary load is generated on the swing hammer 16, the swing hammer 16 does not rotate and directly transmits the load to the support shaft 23.
[0050]
  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4, the water inlet 42 of the waste treatment apparatus 5 is provided with a water sprayer 42 that prevents a temperature rise of the material D to be crushed. The water sprayer 42 is arranged so that water supplied from a supply tank (not shown) is sprayed between the swing hammer 16 and the collision liner 32 from a nozzle 43 provided at the inlet 12, and supplied by a valve 44. And stop can be selected.
[0051]
  In this embodiment, the collision chamber 39 is provided with a gas concentration sensor 45 that detects the concentration of combustible gas or explosive gas inside the casing 11. A signal detected by the gas concentration sensor 45 is input to a controller (not shown) so that the detected concentration is not more than a predetermined lower limit value of the gas concentration in the casing 11 set in the controller in advance. The water sprayer 42 sprays water into the casing 11.
[0052]
  Further, in this embodiment, a radiation type temperature sensor 46 that detects the surface temperature of the object to be crushed D discharged through the great 41 at the discharge port 13 is provided. A signal detected by the radiation temperature sensor 46 is also input to a controller (not shown), and the detected surface temperature of the object D is ignited by a combustible gas or explosive gas preset in the controller. Alternatively, water is sprayed into the casing 11 by the water sprayer 42 so as to be equal to or lower than the ignition temperature.
[0053]
  By spraying a predetermined amount of water in the casing 11 in this way, an increase in the concentration of combustible gas or explosive gas due to the material D to be crushed in the casing 11 can be suppressed. Stable crushing can be performed at the igniting or ignition temperature of sex gases. The gas concentration sensor 45 and the radiation temperature sensor 46 may be controlled by providing only one or both.
[0054]
  Therefore, according to the waste treatment apparatus 5 configured as described above, the object to be crushed D made of a composite material in which a metal and a resin are entangled or the object to be crushed D formed of different metal materials are as follows. And can be separated into dissimilar metals and resins.
[0055]
  First, the rotor 15 is rotated by rotating the drive shaft 18, and the swing hammer 16 provided on the rotor 15 is rotated at a predetermined peripheral speed. After the swing hammer 16 is thus rotated, the material to be crushed D is supplied from the inlet 12 of the waste treatment apparatus 5. The supplied material D to be crushed is drawn into the crushing chamber 14 by a powerful hammer by a swing hammer 16 attached to the outer periphery of the rotor 15 rotating at a high speed in the center of the casing 11. It is strongly struck against the collision liner 32 disposed on the circumferential portion in the chamber 14.
[0056]
  Since the distance S between the swing hammer 16 and the collision liner 32 (33, 34) is formed so as to gradually narrow from the inlet 12 side of the casing 11 to the lowermost part, the object D to be crushed is the lowermost part of the casing 11. It is easy to be drawn toward.
[0057]
  Further, the crushed object D drawn in between the collision liner 32 and the swing hammer 16 from the wide space S1 in this way is struck multiple times by the swing hammer 16 that rotates gradually toward the discharge port 13 that becomes the narrow space S2. Therefore, it moves while receiving a plurality of hits and friction between the collision liner 32 and the swing hammer 16. That is, in the crushing chamber 14, the object to be crushed D is crushed while being twisted by the swing hammer 16 and the collision liner 32, which are devised to rotate at high speed and exhibit impact, friction, and twisting effects. . At this time, the object to be crushed D is hit by the swing hammer 16 while being caught by the protrusion 35 by the protrusion 35 provided on the collision liner 34, so the object D to be crushed is twisted with a large force. While being crushed, it is crushed.
[0058]
  The structure of crushing the object D to be crushed while giving impact, friction and twisting action between the swing hammer 16 and the collision liner 32 is a major characteristic part of the waste treatment apparatus 5. In this embodiment, the swing hammer 16 Can be used to obtain a large striking force, and the number of times of catching the object to be crushed D by the plurality of concave and convex portions 38 provided at the tip of the swing hammer 16 can be increased, resulting in a large striking force, frictional force and twist. Force is acting.
[0059]
  In addition, since a substantially constant distance S2 is maintained from the lowermost part of the crushing chamber 14 to the rear of the rotor 15, collision, friction, and twisting act on the object D to be crushed in the meantime. The crushed material D can be crushed so as to be twisted between the swing hammer 16 and the collision liner 12 to effectively separate the metal and the resin.
[0060]
  Further, in this embodiment, the swing hammer 16 provided around the rotor 15 is disposed so that the adjacent swing hammer 16 is shifted by 60 ° in the circumferential direction, and the objects D to be crushed by the swing hammer 16 are sequentially disposed. It can be efficiently drawn into the collision liner 32 and crushed.
[0061]
  In this way, the object D to be crushed by repeated collision, friction and twisting between the swing hammer 16 and the collision liner 32 is bonded to each metal, and the metal and resin are bonded to each other. Alternatively, the attached ones are separated and crushed to a predetermined size. The crushed object D is driven into the collision chamber 39 at the upper rear part of the casing 11 by the swing hammer 16, collides with the liner 40 in the collision chamber 39, is crushed and sized, and is reflected toward the great 41 side. To do.
[0062]
  When the reflected object D is smaller than the opening E of the great 41, it is discharged to the discharge port 13, and the object D larger than the opening E falls again into the crushing chamber 14. The object to be crushed D that has fallen into the crushing chamber 14 is moved to the inlet 12 side by the rotation of the rotor 15, and is moved between the swing hammer 16 and the collision liner 32 together with the object to be crushed D introduced from the inlet 12. Crushing is repeated.
[0063]
  Then, the object to be crushed D moved again from the crushing chamber 14 to the discharge port 13 side is struck to the upper part of the striking chamber 39 and repeatedly repelled, and then jumped off to the great 41, and the eyes of the great 41 The to-be-crushed object D crushed smaller than the opening E is discharged to the discharge port 13, and the to-be-crushed object D larger than the opening E of the great 41 is again moved to the inlet 12 side by the rotor 15 that rotates at a high speed. And moved. After that, it returns between the swing hammer 16 and the collision liner 32, and is crushed and sized while repeating the same action as described above.
[0064]
  In this embodiment, the combustible / explosive gas concentration detected by the gas concentration sensor 45 provided in the casing 11 and the object to be crushed detected by the radial temperature sensor 46 provided in the vicinity of the discharge port 13 are also shown. The surface temperature of the object D is compared with a controller (not shown), and the combustible / explosive gas concentration detected by the gas concentration sensor 45 is below a predetermined lower limit value. Since water is sprayed in the casing 11 by the water sprayer 42 so that the surface temperature of the gas becomes equal to or lower than the ignition or ignition temperature of the combustion / explosive gas, it is stable that combustion or explosion occurs in the casing 11. In addition, the temperature rise of the material D to be crushed can be suppressed and combustion and explosion in the casing 11 can be prevented.
[0065]
  As described above, according to the waste treatment apparatus 5, the object to be crushed D is crushed while being subjected to impact, friction, and twisting, so that the foreign metal is separated for each material and crushed and sized. Will be discharged. In addition, the object to be crushed D that is crushed while being subjected to impact, friction, and twisting peels off the surface treatment material such as the metal material coating film, and peels and separates composite parts such as electrical parts and dissimilar materials. High purity steel and non-ferrous metal from which impurities are eliminated can be obtained. In addition, because the torsional effect of the twisting action causes the bulk to be crushed as a crushed material with a large bulk specific gravity, the volume of the material to be crushed D is reduced, and an energy-efficient melting process is performed in the subsequent process. It is possible to perform well. For example, in the case of a mixed metal that contains a mixture of aluminum, copper, stainless steel, etc., each dissimilar metal is separated for each material and crushed, so it can be reused as a high-value-added high-purity metal. It becomes possible. In the case of a compressor, the stator, the rotor, and the like are separated, and the metals such as aluminum and iron are separated and discharged in a granulated state.
[0066]
  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the material to be crushed D that has been separated and discharged for each material by the waste treatment device 5 in this way is transported by a vibrating conveyor 48 serving as a transporter, and is a lightweight material from above. The sorter 49 removes dust and light objects. The light weight sorter 49 includes a dust collector 51 sucked by a blower 50 and a suction hood 52 that sucks air from the upper part of the vibrating conveyor 48 into the dust collector 51. Dust and lightweight objects sucked by the dust collector 51 are discharged downward from the dust collector 51.
[0067]
  In the crushed object D from which dust and light objects have been removed by the light material sorter 49, the irons 54 are separated by the magnetic separator 53. The irons 54 separated by the magnetic separator 53 are irons 54 separated from different materials by the waste treatment apparatus 5 and can be separated as high-purity irons 54. In this embodiment, one kind of magnetic separator 53 is provided. However, by providing a plurality of magnetic separators, irons may be further classified by material.
[0068]
  The material to be crushed D (non-ferrous metals, dust, etc.) from which the irons 54 have been removed in this way is fed into the eddy current sorter 56 by the chute 55. The eddy current sorter 56 includes a conveyor belt 58 provided with a rotating magnet body 57 on the front end side, and non-ferrous metals in the object to be crushed D conveyed to the front end side by the conveyor belt 58 are: An induced current is generated in the interior due to the electromagnetic induction effect of the moving magnetic field of the rotating magnet body 57, and a thrust is applied in the rotating direction of the rotating magnet body by the interaction of the moving magnetic field and this induced current, The nonferrous metal is made to jump out from the surface in the direction of the combined force of this thrust and gravity acting on the nonferrous metal. Therefore, since the distance jumping out from the conveyor belt 58 is different between copper and aluminum, the high-purity aluminum 63 and the high-purity copper 64 are separated into chutes 59 and 60 provided in different positions in advance. In this embodiment, the eddy current sorter 56 also serves as an aluminum sorter.
[0069]
  Further, the dust 65 and the like in the material D to be crushed supplied to the eddy current sorter 56 is not subjected to the electromagnetic induction effect of the moving magnetic field of the rotating magnet body 57, so that the chute below the curved portion of the conveyor belt 58 is caused by gravity. Drop to 61.
[0070]
  Thus, since the copper and aluminum separated from the material D to be crushed by the eddy current sorter 56 are crushed so as to be separated for each material by the waste treatment apparatus 5, high purity copper and high purity aluminum are separated. Can be sorted as
[0071]
  As described above, according to this metal waste processing facility 62, the separation of each material such as a mixed metal metal lump, iron, non-ferrous metal, etc., which has conventionally relied on manual work, is referred to as impact action. By using the waste treatment apparatus 5 configured to be crushed while applying a frictional action and a twisting action, it is possible to remove surface treatment materials such as metal material coatings, composite parts such as electrical parts, Separation etc. can be performed mechanically and separated for different kinds of metals such as aluminum, copper, stainless steel, etc., so it can be separated into highly efficient metals, non-ferrous metals and non-metals with high efficiency. This makes it possible to recycle high-value added metal waste. For example, in the case of iron, it can be reused in a converter as high-purity iron.
[0072]
  In addition, the material to be crushed D that has been crushed into the respective metals by the waste treatment device 5 is sized and discharged as a mass to be crushed as a bulk material D having a large bulk specific gravity by a frictional action or a twisting action. Volume reduction that can be performed efficiently can also be achieved. Thereby, melting with good energy efficiency is possible.
[0073]
  In the above-described embodiment, an example of processing a compressor or the like separated as the metal lump 104 has been described. However, as described above, the irons 108 and the non-ferrous metals 113 stored in the metal stock yard 1 are similarly machined. Can be separated. In this case, the interval S between the swing hammer 16 and the collision liner 32 in the waste treatment apparatus 5 and the opening of the great 41 of the waste treatment apparatus 5 are adjusted according to the material to be crushed D to be input. .
[0074]
  Further, the above-described embodiment is an embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment.
[0075]
【The invention's effect】
  The present invention is implemented in the form described above, and has the following effects.
[0076]
  Since iron and non-ferrous metals composing metal waste can be crushed so as to be separated into each material, iron and non-ferrous metals with less impurities can be separated from the crushed material with high efficiency. This makes it possible to recycle metals and non-ferrous metals with high efficiency and facilitate the effective use of important resources.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a metal waste treatment facility according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a processing flow in the configuration diagram of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing pretreatment when a metal waste to be treated is a metal lump such as a compressor.
4 is a side sectional view of the waste treatment apparatus used in the present invention, and is a IV-IV sectional view shown in FIG.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VV shown in FIG.
6 is an enlarged view showing a circumferential relationship between a swing hammer and a collision liner shown in FIG. 4. FIG.
7 is a schematic diagram showing a relationship in a width direction between the swing hammer and the collision liner shown in FIG. 5. FIG.
8 is a partially enlarged view of the rotor shown in FIG. 4. FIG.
FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of a part IX shown in FIG.
FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a processing flow in a conventional metal waste processing facility.
[Explanation of symbols]
              1 ... Metal stock yard
              2 ... Conveyor
              3 ... Apron conveyor
              4 ... feeder
              5 ... Waste treatment equipment
              6 ... Conveyor
              7 ... Recycling cutter
              8 ... Vibrating conveyor
              9 ... oil
            10 ... Oil purifier
            11 ... Casing
            12 ... Inlet
            13 ... Discharge port
            14 ... Crushing chamber
            15 ... Rotor
            16 ... Swing hammer
            17 ... Bearing
            18 ... Drive shaft
            19 ... Intermediate disc
            20 ... End disc
            21 ... Spacer
            23 ... Support shaft
            24. Fixing member
            25 ... Bush
            26 ... Protector
            27 ... Mounting part
            28 ... Cover part
            29 ... Folding part
            30 ... concave part
            31 ... Escape part
            32 ... Collision liner
      33, 34 ... Collision liner
            35 ... Projection
            36. Supporting part
            37 ... Guide member
            38 ... Uneven portion
            39 ... Collision chamber
            40 ... Liner
            41 ... Great
            42 ... Water sprayer
            43 ... Nozzle
            44 ... Valve
            45 ... Gas concentration sensor
            46 ... Radiation type temperature sensor
            47 ... Storage passage groove
            48 ... Vibrating conveyor
            49 ... Lightweight sorter
            50 ... Blower
            51 ... Dust collector
            52 ... Suction hood
            53 ... Magnetic separator
            54 ... Iron
            55 ... shoot
            56 ... Eddy current sorter
            57 ... Rotating magnet body
            58 ... conveyor belt
59, 60, 61 ... chute
            62 ... Processing equipment
              D ... Objects to be crushed
              E ... Opening
              R ... Tip locus
              S ... Interval

Claims (4)

A metal stock yard that independently stores metal masses or ferrous or non-ferrous metals; and
A feeder for independently supplying the metal lump or the iron or non-ferrous metal from the metal stock yard;
A waste treatment apparatus that crushes the metal lump or the ferrous or non-ferrous metals supplied from the feeder while adding impact action, friction action and twisting action;
A magnetic separator for separating iron in the material to be crushed by the waste treatment apparatus, and an eddy current separator or specific gravity separator for separating non-ferrous metals in the material to be crushed ,
The waste treatment apparatus includes an input port for inputting a material to be crushed, a crushing chamber for crushing the material to be crushed from the input port, a discharge port for discharging the material to be crushed in the crushing chamber, A casing provided with a grate for discharging a material to be crushed in a crushing chamber at a predetermined discharge size between the discharge port and the crushing chamber;
The casing has a collision chamber protruding upward on the discharge port side of the collision liner, and the grate is arranged in a vertical direction from a rotor axial center height position so as to continue to the discharge port side of the collision liner,
The crushing chamber includes a rotor mounted with a plurality of swing hammers at predetermined intervals in the width direction, and a collision liner formed with a protrusion on the swing hammer side of the rotor. Between the axial height positions,
The impacting portion that is disposed so that the protruding portion of the collision liner is positioned between the swing hammers mounted at the predetermined interval, and crushes the object to be crushed between the protruding portion of the collision liner at the tip of the swing hammer. And the gap between the swing hammer and the collision liner is gradually narrowed from the inlet side to the outlet side, and the swing hammer and the collision liner protrude from the collision liner on the outlet side. Metal that is configured such that the inner diameter side end of the head portion and the tip portion locus of the swing hammer overlap so that the metal lump or the ferrous or non-ferrous metal is subjected to crushing while applying impact, friction and twisting. Waste disposal facility. In the processing equipment according to claim 1 Symbol placement metals wastes,
A metal waste processing facility provided with a water sprayer for spraying water between a swing hammer and a collision liner of the waste processing apparatus so as to suppress an increase in temperature of a material to be crushed. In the metal waste processing facility according to claim 2 ,
In the waste treatment apparatus, a gas concentration sensor for detecting the concentration of combustion / explosive gas in the casing, and the water concentration so that the concentration of combustion / explosive gas detected by the gas concentration sensor is equal to or lower than a predetermined lower limit value. Metal waste treatment facility equipped with a controller that sprays water into the casing with a sprayer. In the metal waste processing facility according to claim 2 or claim 3 ,
In the waste treatment apparatus, a radiation type temperature sensor that detects a surface temperature of the object to be crushed discharged from the grate, and a surface temperature of the object to be crushed detected by the radiation type temperature sensor includes the combustion / explosive gas. Metal waste processing facility provided with a controller for spraying water into the casing by the water sprayer so that the temperature is below the ignition or ignition temperature.

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