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JP4214218B2 - Method for producing methane from carbon dioxide - Google Patents
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JP4214218B2 - Method for producing methane from carbon dioxide - Google Patents

Method for producing methane from carbon dioxide Download PDF

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JP4214218B2
JP4214218B2 JP2001064134A JP2001064134A JP4214218B2 JP 4214218 B2 JP4214218 B2 JP 4214218B2 JP 2001064134 A JP2001064134 A JP 2001064134A JP 2001064134 A JP2001064134 A JP 2001064134A JP 4214218 B2 JP4214218 B2 JP 4214218B2
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carbon dioxide
catalyst
methane
reaction
synthetic porous
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JP2002263494A (en
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武雄 蛯名
紀彦 坪
千昭 横山
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National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

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  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、二酸化炭素からメタンを製造する方法に関するものであり、更に詳しくは、二酸化炭素のメタン化反応で二酸化炭素からメタンを生成する活性を有する3−八面体型スメクタイト様合成多孔体を触媒として使用し、二酸化炭素のメタン化反応を利用して二酸化炭素を水素化することにより、燃料や化学原料として有用なメタンを効率的に合成する新規な方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般に、石油、石炭などの化石資源の急激な消費に伴い、それらの枯渇が危倶されるようになるとともに、排出され続ける二酸化炭素の大気中濃度の上昇は、近年の地球温暖化の主要因と考えられている。このように、エネルギー問題は、地球温暖化問題と等価であると考えられる。これらの問題に対処する方法として、省エネルギーの推進や代替エネルギーの開発などによる二酸化炭素の排出量の削減、二酸化炭素の物理的、生物的あるいは化学的固定化などが考えられている。また、二酸化炭素は、地球上に無尽蔵にある未利用資源であるという観点からも、人工的な二酸化炭素の再循環、再資源化技術の開発が期待されている。
【0003】
それらの技術的手段の中のひとつとして、二酸化炭素の接触水素化が挙げられ、二酸化炭素を高性能触媒により効率よくメタン、あるいはメタノール等の有用な工業的化学原料に変換する方法が提案されてきており、そのための触媒開発を中心とした多くの研究がなされてきている。
しかし、それらの反応に提案されてきた触媒の活性は必ずしも十分ではなく、一層の性能改善が要求されている。
【0004】
一般に、二酸化炭素のメタン化反応は、次式で表される。
CO2 +4H2 →CH4 +2H2
工業的には、この反応において高選択率を有する触媒の活性成分としては、Ni系触媒が最もよく用いられている。触媒の活性を高めるために、高比表面積を有するシリカ、アルミナ等の担体に触媒の活性成分を高分散に担持したりしている。触媒の担持方法は、調製の容易さから、含浸法がもっとも用いられる。含浸法で調製した触媒では、活性金属成分と促進剤との添加量を任意に制御することが容易であるが、これらの成分は、主に触媒表面に偏析しているために、反応に先立つ前処理や反応条件下において凝集しやすく、粒子径を微小かつ均一に保つことが困難であった。このため、含浸法で調製した触媒では、本来期待されるべきレベルの高い触媒活性が得られないばかりではなく、主生成物のメタンの他に、一酸化炭素のような好ましくない副生物の生成が顕著であるという問題があった。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
このような状況の中で、本発明者らは、上記従来技術に鑑みて、二酸化炭素を水素化し、メタン等を製造する触媒について鋭意研究を行った結果、Ni2+あるいはNi2+およびMg2+を含む3−八面体型スメクタイト様合成多孔体を100〜250℃での水熱処理によって合成し、空気中において100〜1000℃で焼成した合成多孔体を200〜600℃で水素還元処理したものを触媒として用いることにより、二酸化炭素と水素からなる混合ガスから、一酸化炭素の副生を抑制し、メタンを高選択率で製造することが可能な新しい方法を見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
本発明は、二酸化炭素のメタン化反応で二酸化炭素からメタンを生成する活性を有する3−八面体型スメクタイト様合成多孔体からなる触媒を用いて、二酸化炭素からメタンを高選択率で製造する方法を提供することを目的とするものである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するための本発明は、以下の技術的手段から構成される。
(1)一般式(I);
Si4−xAl2+ 8−x/2+y−z/2(OH)・nHO (I)
(式中xは、0≦x≦0.8、yは、2.2≦y≦3.0、zは、2.0≦z4.5、nは、不定比の関係を満たし、M2+は、Ni2+あるいはNi2+およびMg2+のいずれかの2価金属イオンを表す)
で示される含水酸化物に、カチオン性有機化合物を添加し、100〜250℃で水熱処理し、空気中において100〜1000℃で焼成して得られる3−八面体型スメクタイト様合成多孔体であり、かつ比表面積が250〜1000m/gであり、平均細孔径が20〜100Åであり、細孔容積が0.2〜1.5ml/gである3−八面体型スメクタイト様合成多孔体を200〜600℃で水素還元処理したもので、しかも二酸化炭素のメタン化反応活性を有するものを触媒として用いて、二酸化炭素のメタン化反応で二酸化炭素からメタンを製造する方法であって、
当該触媒に、50〜200ml/min/g−触媒の反応物質のガス流速で、実質的に一酸化炭素を含まず、二酸化炭素と水素を含有するガスを接触させ、一酸化炭素の副生を抑制し、メタンを少なくとも95.6%の高選択率で生成させることを特徴とする二酸化炭素からのメタンの製造方法
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に、本発明について更に詳細に説明する。
本発明は、ケイ素、アルミニウムの他に、ニッケルあるいはニッケルおよびマグネシウムを含有した複合沈殿物を水熱合成により調製し、空気中において100〜1000℃の温度で焼成して得られる、3−八面体型スメクタイト様合成多孔体からなる触媒、この3−八面体型スメクタイト様合成多孔体を、更に、水素気流中で200〜600℃の温度で還元処理したものを触媒として用い、当該触媒に、実質的に一酸化炭素を含まず、二酸化炭素と水素を含有するガスを接触させ、メタンを生成させることを特徴とする、二酸化炭素と水素からなる混合ガスからメタンを高効率で製造する方法、である。
【0008】
本発明では、ケイ素、アルミニウムの他に、ニッケルあるいはニッケルおよびマグネシウムが、一般式(I)で示された値を満足するように、ケイ酸ナトリウム溶液とアルミニウム塩水溶液、およびマグネシウム、ニッケルの各金属塩のいずれか1種類以上の水溶液を混合し、混合液のpHを8以上、好ましくは9.5以上に調整し、各成分の複合沈殿物を得る。
アルミニウム、マグネシウム、ニッケル、の各金属は、塩化物、炭酸塩、フッ化物、水酸化物、硝酸塩、硫酸塩、リン酸塩、過塩素酸塩などの形で用いられる。混合液のpHは、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液、水酸化カリウム水溶液、アンモニア水等で調整することができる。
得られた沈殿物を水洗することにより、副生塩を除去した後、水および要すれば水酸化ナトリウム水溶液、水酸化カルシウム水溶液、アンモニウム水などを添加し、更に、カチオン性有機化合物として、例えば、ドデシルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライド等を添加することにより、原料スラリーを調製する。
【0009】
カチオン性有機化合物の配合量は、含水酸化物に対して(x−2y+6)当量(式中、xおよびyは一般式(I)と同じ) である。この値は有効に作用しうる最大量であり、一般的には、水熱処理後の段階でも、含水酸化物は、水酸基を含む程度にとどまるので、更に少量でも良い。
得られた原料スラリーをオートクレーブに移し、水熱反応させる。水熱反応温度は、100〜250℃、好ましくは100〜200℃である。
水熱反応物は、濾過、水洗後、乾燥する。水洗は最終生成物の均質性、特性の再現性に影響を与えるため、50〜90℃の温水を用い、迅速に洗浄するのが好ましいが、洗浄工程を省くこともできる。乾燥は、一般的な乾燥機または真空乾燥機を用い、常温から200℃で脱水乾燥するか、あるいは凍結乾燥する。また、必要により粉砕しても良い。
【0010】
得られた乾燥反応生成物を、電気炉等で100〜1000℃、好ましくは400〜600℃で加熱処理することで、3−八面体型スメクタイト様合成多孔体が生成し、本発明の触媒が得られる。これよりも温度が低いと、多孔体材料に起因する有機物の残留が顕著であり、これによる活性金属種表面の被毒のため活性が低い。一方、これよりも温度が高いと、多孔体構造の一部崩壊により活性金属種の表面積が減少し、活性が低下するため、いずれも好ましくない。加熱時間は2時間程度で十分である。
反応に先立つ水素処理温度は、200〜600℃、好ましくは350〜500℃の温度範囲で、水素ガス流速50〜200ml/min/g−触媒の範囲で行う。
【0011】
本発明に従って製造された3−八面体型スメクタイト様合成多孔体は、高められた温度で、実質的に一酸化炭素を含まず、二酸化炭素と水素を含有するガスを選択的にメタンに転化し、しかも、一酸化炭素の副生の少ない触媒として使用される。反応の形式は、気相固定床である。
【0012】
本発明において、二酸化炭素と水素の混合ガスからメタンを合成する場合、その反応条件として、二酸化炭素と水素のCO/Hモル比は1/10〜1/1、好ましくは1/2〜1/4であり、反応温度は150〜450℃、好ましくは300〜400℃であり、反応圧力は1〜50kg/cmである。反応物質のガス流速は、50〜200ml/min/g−触媒の範囲である。接触の際、反応物質は不活性気体で希釈しても良い。本発明においては、二酸化炭素の水素化により得られる生成物は、主としてメタンであり、副生物として一酸化炭素が得られる。反応温度、反応圧力、ガス流速などの反応条件を変化させることにより、主生成物であるメタンの生成量を高めることができる。
【0013】
【実施例】
次に、実施例に基づいて本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明は当該実施例によって何ら限定されるものではない。
実施例1
(1)触媒の調製
3号水ガラス(SiO2 28%,Na2 O 9%,モル比3.22)26.1gを蒸留水120mlに溶解させ、13規定の硝酸9.6mlを加えた溶液に、蒸留水60mlに塩化アルミニウム六水和物特級試薬3.28gおよび塩化ニッケル六水和物特級試薬24.2gを溶解した溶液を攪拌させながら1分間で加えて混合した。3規定水酸化ナトリウム水溶液100mlに攪拌しながらこの溶液を1分間で加えて混合すると、直ちに反応沈殿物が得られた。更に、3規定水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を滴下し、溶液のpHを11.5とした。反応沈殿物を濾過した後、十分に水洗した。沈殿物を蒸留水500mlに入れスラリー状とし、ドデシルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライド特級試薬3.59gを加え、よく攪拌したのち、オートクレーブに移し、175〜250℃で2時間反応させた。冷却後、反応生成物を取り出し、70℃で一晩乾燥して、Ni含有3−八面体型スメクタイト様合成多孔体12gを得た。窒素吸着測定により、比表面積461m2
/g、細孔容積0.235cm3 /g、平均細孔径27.1Åであった(175℃の場合)。尚、同様にして、NiおよびMg含有3−八面体型スメクタイト様合成多孔体を合成した。
【0014】
(2)二酸化炭素からメタンの製造
この触媒を、粉砕し、10〜28meshに整粒し、反応に使用した。この触媒1gを固定床反応管に充填し、水素気流中(150ml/min/g−触媒) において、450℃で3時間還元処理を行った。アルゴンガス10mol%を含むCO2 /H2 =1/3の組成を有する混合ガスを100ml/min/g−触媒の流速で流し、常圧、350℃の条件で反応を行った。原料ガスに含まれるアルゴンガスを内部標準として、反応管に直結したガスクロマトグラフを用いて反応生成物を分析した。主生成物のメタンの他に、少量の一酸化炭素の副生が認められた。これらの収量およびメタン選択率を表1に示す。尚、NiおよびMg含有3−八面体型スメクタイト様合成多孔体の場合にも同様の結果が得られた。
【0015】
比較例1
塩化ニッケル六水和物特級試薬の代わりに塩化コバルト六水和物を加えて、実施例1と同様の方法でCo含有3−八面体型スメクタイト様合成多孔体を合成した。これを実施例1と同様の条件で反応に使用した。反応結果を表1に示す。
【0016】
比較例2
塩化ニッケル六水和物特級試薬の代わりに塩化鉄(II) 水和物を加えて、実施例1と同様の方法でFe含有3−八面体型スメクタイト様合成多孔体を合成した。これを反応温度が300℃である以外は、実施例1と同様の条件で反応に使用した。反応結果を表1に示す。
【0018】
【表1】

Figure 0004214218
【0019】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、次のような効果が奏される。
(1)3−八面体型スメクタイト様合成多孔体からなる触媒を用いて二酸化炭素のメタン化反応で二酸化炭素からメタンを生成する方法を提供することができる。
(2)二酸化炭素と水素を含有するガスからメタンを高選択率で合成することができる。
(3)一酸化炭素のような好ましくない副生成物の生成が少ない。
(4)反応条件を調整することにより、メタンの生成量を高めることができる。
(5)触媒の調製温度を制御することにより、メタンの生成量を高めることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing methane from carbon dioxide, and more specifically , catalyzing a 3-octahedral smectite-like synthetic porous material having an activity of producing methane from carbon dioxide by methanation of carbon dioxide. The present invention relates to a novel method for efficiently synthesizing methane useful as a fuel or chemical raw material by hydrogenating carbon dioxide using a methanation reaction of carbon dioxide.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, with the rapid consumption of fossil resources such as oil and coal, their depletion has become dangerous, and the increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide that continues to be emitted is a major cause of global warming in recent years. It is believed that. Thus, the energy problem is considered equivalent to the global warming problem. As a method for dealing with these problems, reduction of carbon dioxide emissions by promoting energy saving and development of alternative energy, and physical, biological or chemical immobilization of carbon dioxide are considered. In addition, from the viewpoint that carbon dioxide is an inexhaustible resource that is inexhaustible on the earth, the development of artificial carbon dioxide recycling and recycling technology is expected.
[0003]
One of those technical means is catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide, and a method for efficiently converting carbon dioxide into useful industrial chemical raw materials such as methane or methanol using a high-performance catalyst has been proposed. Many studies have been conducted focusing on catalyst development.
However, the activity of the catalysts proposed for these reactions is not always sufficient, and further performance improvement is required.
[0004]
Generally, the methanation reaction of carbon dioxide is represented by the following formula.
CO 2 + 4H 2 → CH 4 + 2H 2 O
Industrially, a Ni-based catalyst is most often used as an active component of a catalyst having a high selectivity in this reaction. In order to increase the activity of the catalyst, the active component of the catalyst is supported in a highly dispersed manner on a carrier such as silica or alumina having a high specific surface area. As the catalyst loading method, the impregnation method is most used because of the ease of preparation. In the catalyst prepared by the impregnation method, it is easy to arbitrarily control the addition amount of the active metal component and the promoter, but these components are mainly segregated on the catalyst surface, so that they are prior to the reaction. Aggregation is easy under pretreatment and reaction conditions, and it is difficult to keep the particle size minute and uniform. For this reason, the catalyst prepared by the impregnation method not only does not provide a high level of catalytic activity that should be originally expected, but also produces unwanted by-products such as carbon monoxide in addition to the main product methane. There was a problem that is remarkable.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Under such circumstances, in view of the above prior art, the present inventors conducted extensive research on a catalyst for hydrogenating carbon dioxide and producing methane and the like. As a result, Ni 2+ or Ni 2+ and Mg 2+ A catalyst comprising a 3-octahedron-type smectite-like synthetic porous body synthesized by hydrothermal treatment at 100 to 250 ° C., and a synthetic porous body fired at 100 to 1000 ° C. in air at 200 to 600 ° C. As a result, a new method capable of suppressing the by-production of carbon monoxide from a mixed gas composed of carbon dioxide and hydrogen and producing methane with high selectivity was found, and the present invention was completed. .
The present invention uses Do that catalysts 3-octahedral having active integrated smectite-like synthetic porous body to produce methane from carbon dioxide in the methanation reaction of carbon dioxide, produced in high selectivity to methane from the carbon dioxide It is an object to provide a method for doing this.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention for solving the above-described problems comprises the following technical means.
(1) Single general formula (I);
Si 4-x Al x M 2+ y O 8-x / 2 + yz-2 (OH) 2 .nH 2 O (I)
(Wherein x is 0 ≦ x ≦ 0.8, y is 2.2 ≦ y ≦ 3.0, z is 2.0 ≦ z 4.5, n satisfies the non-stoichiometric relationship, M 2+ represents Ni 2+ or any divalent metal ion of Ni 2+ and Mg 2+ )
It is a 3-octahedral smectite-like synthetic porous body obtained by adding a cationic organic compound to the hydrous oxide represented by the following, hydrothermally treating at 100 to 250 ° C., and firing at 100 to 1000 ° C. in the air . A 3-octahedral smectite-like synthetic porous body having a specific surface area of 250 to 1000 m 2 / g, an average pore diameter of 20 to 100 mm, and a pore volume of 0.2 to 1.5 ml / g. A method of producing methane from carbon dioxide by methanation reaction of carbon dioxide, using as a catalyst what has been subjected to hydrogen reduction treatment at 200 to 600 ° C. and having carbon dioxide methanation reaction activity,
The catalyst is brought into contact with a gas containing substantially no carbon monoxide and containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen at a gas flow rate of the reactant of 50 to 200 ml / min / g-catalyst, and carbon monoxide by-product is produced. A process for producing methane from carbon dioxide, characterized in that it produces methane with a high selectivity of at least 95.6% .
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail.
The present invention is obtained by preparing a composite precipitate containing nickel or nickel and magnesium in addition to silicon and aluminum by hydrothermal synthesis, and firing it in air at a temperature of 100 to 1000 ° C. A catalyst composed of a body type smectite-like synthetic porous body, a catalyst obtained by reducing this 3-octahedral type smectite-like synthetic porous body at a temperature of 200 to 600 ° C. in a hydrogen stream, A method for producing methane with high efficiency from a mixed gas composed of carbon dioxide and hydrogen, characterized in that carbon monoxide is not included and a gas containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen is contacted to produce methane. is there.
[0008]
In the present invention, silicon, in addition to aluminum, nickel or nickel and magnesium, so as to satisfy the values represented by the general formula (I), the sodium solution and aqueous aluminum salt solution silicate, and magnesium, each of nickel Any one or more aqueous solutions of metal salts are mixed, and the pH of the mixed solution is adjusted to 8 or more, preferably 9.5 or more to obtain a composite precipitate of each component.
Aluminum, magnesium, nickel, each metal, chlorides, carbonates, fluorides, hydroxides, nitrates, sulfates, phosphates, used in the form such as perchlorate. The pH of the mixed solution can be adjusted with a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, ammonia water or the like.
The resulting precipitate is washed with water to remove by-product salts, and then water and, if necessary, an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, an aqueous calcium hydroxide solution, an aqueous ammonium solution, etc. are added. Further, as a cationic organic compound, for example, The raw material slurry is prepared by adding dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride and the like.
[0009]
The compounding amount of the cationic organic compound is (x-2y + 6) equivalent (wherein x and y are the same as those in the general formula (I)) with respect to the hydrous oxide. This value is the maximum amount that can act effectively. In general, even in the stage after hydrothermal treatment, the hydrated oxide remains only at the level containing a hydroxyl group, so a smaller amount may be used.
The obtained raw material slurry is transferred to an autoclave and subjected to a hydrothermal reaction. The hydrothermal reaction temperature is 100 to 250 ° C, preferably 100 to 200 ° C.
The hydrothermal reaction product is filtered, washed with water, and dried. Washing with water affects the homogeneity of the final product and the reproducibility of the characteristics, so it is preferable to use hot water of 50 to 90 ° C. for quick washing, but the washing step can be omitted. The drying is performed by dehydration drying at ordinary temperature to 200 ° C. using a general dryer or a vacuum dryer, or freeze drying. Moreover, you may grind | pulverize if necessary.
[0010]
The obtained dry reaction product is heat-treated at 100 to 1000 ° C., preferably 400 to 600 ° C. in an electric furnace or the like to produce a 3-octahedral smectite-like synthetic porous material, and the catalyst of the present invention is produced. can get. If the temperature is lower than this, the residue of organic matter due to the porous material is remarkable, and the activity is low due to poisoning of the surface of the active metal species. On the other hand, when the temperature is higher than this, the surface area of the active metal species is reduced due to partial collapse of the porous structure, and the activity is lowered. A heating time of about 2 hours is sufficient.
The hydrogen treatment temperature prior to the reaction is 200 to 600 ° C., preferably 350 to 500 ° C., and the hydrogen gas flow rate is 50 to 200 ml / min / g-catalyst.
[0011]
A 3-octahedral smectite-like synthetic porous body produced according to the present invention selectively converts a gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen to methane, substantially free of carbon monoxide, at an elevated temperature. Moreover, it is used as a catalyst with little carbon monoxide by-product. The type of reaction is a gas phase fixed bed.
[0012]
And have you the present invention, when synthesizing methane from a gas mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen, as the reaction conditions, CO 2 / H 2 molar ratio of carbon dioxide and hydrogen 1 / 10-1 / 1, preferably 1 / The reaction temperature is 150 to 450 ° C., preferably 300 to 400 ° C., and the reaction pressure is 1 to 50 kg / cm 2 . The gas flow rate of the reactants is in the range of 50-200 ml / min / g-catalyst. Upon contact, the reactant may be diluted with an inert gas. In the present invention, the product obtained by hydrogenation of carbon dioxide is mainly methane, and carbon monoxide is obtained as a by-product. By changing reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, reaction pressure, and gas flow rate, the amount of methane that is the main product can be increased.
[0013]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be specifically described based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.
Example 1
(1) Preparation of catalyst A solution prepared by dissolving 26.1 g of No. 3 water glass (SiO 2 28%, Na 2 O 9%, molar ratio 3.22) in 120 ml of distilled water and adding 9.6 ml of 13 N nitric acid A solution prepared by dissolving 3.28 g of aluminum chloride hexahydrate special grade reagent and 24.2 g of nickel chloride hexahydrate special grade reagent in 60 ml of distilled water was added and mixed in 1 minute while stirring. When this solution was added to 100 ml of 3N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution with stirring for 1 minute and mixed, a reaction precipitate was immediately obtained. Further, a 3N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was added dropwise to adjust the pH of the solution to 11.5. The reaction precipitate was filtered and washed thoroughly with water. The precipitate was put into 500 ml of distilled water to form a slurry, added with 3.59 g of dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride special grade reagent, stirred well, transferred to an autoclave, and reacted at 175 to 250 ° C. for 2 hours. After cooling, the reaction product was taken out and dried overnight at 70 ° C. to obtain 12 g of a Ni-containing 3-octahedral smectite-like synthetic porous material. Specific surface area of 461 m 2 by nitrogen adsorption measurement.
/ G, pore volume 0.235 cm 3 / g, and average pore diameter 27.1 mm (in the case of 175 ° C.). In the same manner, a Ni and Mg-containing 3-octahedral smectite-like synthetic porous material was synthesized.
[0014]
(2) Production of methane from carbon dioxide This catalyst was pulverized, sized to 10-28 mesh, and used for the reaction. 1 g of this catalyst was packed in a fixed bed reaction tube and subjected to reduction treatment at 450 ° C. for 3 hours in a hydrogen stream (150 ml / min / g-catalyst). A mixed gas having a composition of CO 2 / H 2 = 1/3 containing 10 mol% of argon gas was flowed at a flow rate of 100 ml / min / g-catalyst, and the reaction was carried out under conditions of normal pressure and 350 ° C. The reaction products were analyzed using a gas chromatograph directly connected to the reaction tube using argon gas contained in the source gas as an internal standard. In addition to the main product methane, a small amount of carbon monoxide by-product was observed. These yields and methane selectivity are shown in Table 1. Similar results were obtained in the case of a Ni- and Mg-containing 3-octahedral smectite-like synthetic porous material.
[0015]
Comparative Example 1
Co-containing 3-octahedral smectite-like synthetic porous material was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1, except that cobalt chloride hexahydrate was added instead of the nickel chloride hexahydrate special grade reagent. This was used for the reaction under the same conditions as in Example 1. The reaction results are shown in Table 1.
[0016]
Comparative Example 2
A Fe-containing 3-octahedral smectite-like synthetic porous material was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1 except that iron chloride (II) hydrate was added in place of the nickel chloride hexahydrate special grade reagent. This was used for the reaction under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the reaction temperature was 300 ° C. The reaction results are shown in Table 1.
[0018]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004214218
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention has the following effects.
(1) It is possible to provide a method for producing methane from carbon dioxide by a methanation reaction of carbon dioxide using a catalyst comprising a 3-octahedral smectite-like synthetic porous material .
(2) Methane can be synthesized with high selectivity from a gas containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
(3) Production of undesirable by-products such as carbon monoxide is low.
(4) The amount of methane produced can be increased by adjusting the reaction conditions.
(5) The amount of methane produced can be increased by controlling the catalyst preparation temperature.

Claims (1)

般式(I);
Si4−xAl2+ 8−x/2+y−z/2(OH)・nHO (I)
(式中xは、0≦x≦0.8、yは、2.2≦y≦3.0、zは、2.0≦z4.5、nは、不定比の関係を満たし、M2+は、Ni2+あるいはNi2+およびMg2+のいずれかの2価金属イオンを表す)
で示される含水酸化物に、カチオン性有機化合物を添加し、100〜250℃で水熱処理し、空気中において100〜1000℃で焼成して得られる3−八面体型スメクタイト様合成多孔体であり、かつ比表面積が250〜1000m/gであり、平均細孔径が20〜100Åであり、細孔容積が0.2〜1.5ml/gである3−八面体型スメクタイト様合成多孔体を200〜600℃で水素還元処理したもので、しかも二酸化炭素のメタン化反応活性を有するものを触媒として用いて、二酸化炭素のメタン化反応で二酸化炭素からメタンを製造する方法であって、
当該触媒に、50〜200ml/min/g−触媒の反応物質のガス流速で、実質的に一酸化炭素を含まず、二酸化炭素と水素を含有するガスを接触させ、一酸化炭素の副生を抑制し、メタンを少なくとも95.6%の高選択率で生成させることを特徴とする二酸化炭素からのメタンの製造方法
One general formula (I);
Si 4-x Al x M 2+ y O 8-x / 2 + yz-2 (OH) 2 .nH 2 O (I)
(Wherein x is 0 ≦ x ≦ 0.8, y is 2.2 ≦ y ≦ 3.0, z is 2.0 ≦ z 4.5, n satisfies the non-stoichiometric relationship, M 2+ represents Ni 2+ or any divalent metal ion of Ni 2+ and Mg 2+ )
It is a 3-octahedral smectite-like synthetic porous body obtained by adding a cationic organic compound to the hydrous oxide represented by the following, hydrothermally treating at 100 to 250 ° C., and firing at 100 to 1000 ° C. in the air . A 3-octahedral smectite-like synthetic porous body having a specific surface area of 250 to 1000 m 2 / g, an average pore diameter of 20 to 100 mm, and a pore volume of 0.2 to 1.5 ml / g. A method of producing methane from carbon dioxide by methanation reaction of carbon dioxide, using as a catalyst what has been subjected to hydrogen reduction treatment at 200 to 600 ° C. and having carbon dioxide methanation reaction activity,
The catalyst is brought into contact with a gas containing substantially no carbon monoxide and containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen at a gas flow rate of the reactant of 50 to 200 ml / min / g-catalyst, and carbon monoxide by-product is produced. A process for producing methane from carbon dioxide, characterized in that it produces methane with a high selectivity of at least 95.6% .
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