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JP4224219B2 - Hot forging method - Google Patents
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JP4224219B2 - Hot forging method - Google Patents

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JP4224219B2
JP4224219B2 JP2001039697A JP2001039697A JP4224219B2 JP 4224219 B2 JP4224219 B2 JP 4224219B2 JP 2001039697 A JP2001039697 A JP 2001039697A JP 2001039697 A JP2001039697 A JP 2001039697A JP 4224219 B2 JP4224219 B2 JP 4224219B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
punch
forging
temperature
lubricant
life
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JP2001039697A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2002239671A (en
Inventor
雅則 森下
昌史 室重
光浩 安藤
裕暉 麻田
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Toyota Motor Corp
Proterial Ltd
Umetoku Co Ltd
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Hitachi Metals Ltd
Toyota Motor Corp
Umetoku Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、自動車部品などを熱間で成形する際の熱間鍛造方法およびそれに使用する鍛造用パンチに関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
熱間鍛造に使用されるパンチとしては、JISに規定されるSKD61,SKT4などの熱間工具鋼、あるいはさらに熱間強度の高いSKD7,SKD8や一層強度の高い高速度鋼またはその改良鋼が用いられている。
【0003】
近年、鍛造部品の高精度化と加工能率の向上の要求から、鍛造成形技術の動向として、ニヤネット鍛造に移行しており、熱間鍛造の加工形状が一層複雑になっている。このため、成形時に被加工材の塑性流動が大きくなり、金型表面の摩擦熱による温度上昇により、前記工具鋼の変態点を越えて工具寿命が大幅に低下するという問題点が生じている。
【0004】
とくに、例えば自動車部品などにおいて、深い孔部など有する部品を鍛造パンチにより押し込み成形する場合には、鍛造パンチの温度が上がりやすいのでパンチの摩耗が多く、その寿命が低下し、かつ鍛造成品の加工精度が低下し易い。
【0005】
このような工具寿命の低下を防止するために、前記工具鋼の表面に表面処理を施して潤滑性と耐摩耗性を増し、パンチ寿命を増すとともに被加工品の加工精度を向上させることが行われている。
【0006】
この表面処理した金型工具としては、例えば特開平10−204610号公報、特開平10−219421〜219423号公報など多くの発明が開示されている。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記表面処理した鍛造パンチであっても、鍛造方法によって工具寿命が異なり、工具寿命をあまり延ばせない場合もある。とくに前述した深孔の部品を熱間押し込み成形する鍛造パンチなどでは、工具寿命は鍛造方法により大きく左右される。
【0008】
そこで本発明は、上記問題点を解決し、熱間鍛造用パンチの寿命を向上し、加工精度を上げる熱間鍛造方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記問題点を解決するために、本発明の鋼材の熱間鍛造方法は、パンチの表層部に酸素を含む硫化鉄粒子と窒化鉄粒子からなる化合物層を有する表面処理を施した鍛造用パンチを用いて、1000〜1200℃の鋼材を鍛造する際に、水溶性高分子系潤滑剤を表面温度が250〜350℃のパンチ表面に噴霧または塗布することにより該パンチ表面に厚さ35μm以上の被膜を付着させ、前記水溶性高分子系潤滑剤を使用してパンチの温度が表面から3mmの位置で250〜350℃になるように冷却・潤滑しながら前方押出しまたは後方押出し鍛造することを特徴とするものである。
【0010】
すなわち、本発明の熱間鍛造方法は、前述の工具表面の潤滑性と耐摩耗性を増した表面処理として、表層部に酸素を含む硫化鉄粒子と窒化鉄粒子からなる化合物層を有する表面処理を施したパンチを使用する。これにより、硫化鉄粒子が潤滑性を与え、窒化鉄粒子が硬さを与えてパンチの寿命を向上させる。水冷の場合、この寿命向上の効果は、金型表面から3mmの位置で熱電対で測定されるパンチの温度が350℃を超えると低下するので、このパンチの温度を350℃以下になるように水冷しながら鍛造することが望ましい。
【0012】
すなわち、前記の表面処理を施したパンチを使用した場合に、水溶性高分子系潤滑剤を使用することにより一層の工具寿命の向上を図ることができる。この場合金型表面から3mmの位置で熱電対で測定されるパンチの温度を、水溶性高分子系潤滑剤の潤滑効果が最も発揮される250〜350℃になるようにして冷却しながら鍛造を行うことにより、パンチの表面処理の効果を一層発揮させ、鍛造加工精度を上げパンチの寿命を向上させることができる。
【0013】
また、前記水溶性高分子系潤滑剤を、表面温度が250〜350℃のパンチ表面に噴霧または塗布することにより、該パンチ表面に被膜厚さ35μm以上付着させて鍛造することが、潤滑効果をあげてパンチ寿命を向上するために望ましい。
【0014】
ここでパンチ表面温度を250〜350℃とするのは、250℃以下とすると水溶性高分子系潤滑剤が乾燥被膜として堆積せず、洗い流されてしまうためにパンチ表面の付着が不十分になり、潤滑剤の吹付量を多くしても被膜厚さが薄くなり潤滑効果が発揮できないからである。また、350℃以上では水溶性高分子系潤滑剤の被膜が炭化及び酸化してしまうために、有効な形成されないためである。このようにパンチ表面温度を250〜350℃に維持して、高分子系潤滑剤をパンチ表面に噴霧または塗布すれば、該潤滑剤の被膜厚さを35μm以上にすることが容易で、これにより工具寿命と加工精度の向上が図れる。
【0015】
前記熱間鍛造は、押込み形状比(押込み長さ/孔径)が0.3〜2.0である前方押出しまたは後方押出し鍛造に最も適する。ここで押込み形状比とは、図4に示すパンチ形状の場合の押込み長さLと孔径Dの比、L/Dをいうものである。すなわち、押込み形状比が0.3以下の浅い孔の押し込みでは、工具の摩耗が少ないので本発明の効果が少く、また、押込み形状比2.0以上の深い孔では、パンチ温度の上昇が大きく、工具本体の強度が十分でないための損傷が多くなり、本発明の効果はあっても十分にその効果が発揮できないからである。
【0016】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の熱間鍛造方法の実施形態について具体的に説明する。
【0017】
鍛造パンチとしては、表1に示す成分の工具鋼を図1に示す形状に加工した後、48HRCの硬さに調質し、下記する条件で浸硫窒化処理を行った。
【0018】
【表1】

Figure 0004224219
【0019】
浸硫窒化処理は表2に示す条件で次のようにして行った。まずガス発生容器内に無色硫化アンモニウム溶液と黄色硫化アンモニウム溶液を6:1ないし1:1の割合で供給し、発生する液面上ガスとアルゴンまたは窒素ガスからなる搬送用ガスとの混合ガス中の硫化水素ガス濃度を100〜600ppm、アンモニアガス濃度を0.1〜1.0%に調整して、熱間鍛造用パンチを装入し600℃に加熱された反応炉に導入するとともに、別容器から供給するアルゴンまたは窒素ガスとアンモニアガスにより前記反応炉内のアンモニア濃度を20〜70%に調整し、600℃保持後の冷却速度を100℃/hにして徐冷してガス浸硫窒化処理を行った。
【0020】
【表2】
Figure 0004224219
【0021】
この浸硫窒化処理したパンチの表層部の構造は、(混合物層+中間層+白層+窒素拡散層)からなり、混合物層のS/Nは6.0、混合物層中のS%は28.4であった。
【0022】
[実施例1] 潤滑剤の付着試験
上記のパンチを使用して、実施例1として鍛造時に使用する潤滑剤の付着試験を行った。潤滑剤としては、20%に調整した水溶性高分子系潤滑剤溶液を使用した。このパンチを150〜500℃の範囲で温度を変えて加熱し、その表面に前記潤滑剤を噴霧により塗布し、付着する潤滑剤の膜厚を測定した。
【0023】
その結果を図2に示す。図から、パンチ温度が180℃では膜厚は25μmであるが、約350℃までは温度の上昇とともに付着する膜厚が厚くなり、280℃近辺で約35μmを超える厚さになる。350℃を超えると急激に膜厚が減少して約20μmに低下する。これは、潤滑剤が温度上昇により炭化、酸化するためである。
【0024】
上記結果から、高分子系白色潤滑剤をパンチ温度を250〜350℃で塗布することにより、35μm以上の膜厚がえられることが分かった、この温度は望ましくは250〜330℃である。
【0025】
[実施例2] パンチ温度とパンチ寿命
次に、上記の潤滑剤に対する知見に基づいて、パンチに潤滑剤を噴霧して冷却しながらパンチの温度範囲を変えて鍛造試験を行った。パンチの温度は表面から3mmの深さに穿孔した孔に熱電対を挿入して測定した。鍛造パンチとしては、前記の浸硫窒化処理を行った図1のパンチを使用して深さ70mmの押し込みを行った。押し込み形状比L/Dは約0.67である。
Figure 0004224219
【0026】
この試験結果におけるパンチ温度と工具寿命との関係を表3および図3に示す。なお、パンチの温度は、パンチ表面から3mmの点まで孔を開けて、この孔に熱電対を装入して温度を測定した。表3および図3中、記号Sはパンチ表面に生じたえぐれなどのシビアーな摩耗を示し、Mはすじ、コーナー摩耗などのマイルドな摩耗を示す。
【0027】
【表3】
Figure 0004224219
【0028】
表3および図3から、パンチ温度が290℃および325℃の試料No.1−3および1−4は、パンチ寿命が9000ショット以上であり、パンチ温度が260℃の試料No.1−2は5200ショットであった。とくに試料No.1−4は摩耗もマイルドなコーナー摩耗のみであった。一方、パンチ温度が低い225℃の試料No.1−1では2200ショットにしか達しなかった。また、パンチ温度が高い365℃の試料No.1−5は3400ショット、パンチ温度が380℃の試料No.1−6では4300ショット、パンチ温度が385℃の試料No.1−7では1100ショットにしか達しなかった。ただしパンチ温度が365℃の試料No.1−5は、摩耗はマイルドなコーナー摩耗のみであった。
【0029】
このように、パンチ温度が250℃未満または350℃を超えるとパンチ寿命が大幅に低下することが分かった。そこで本発明のパンチ温度範囲は250〜350℃としたものである。
【0030】
[実施例3] 押し込み形状比L/Dとパンチ寿命
実施例2により、パンチの温度と潤滑剤の使用に関する知見を得たので、実施例3ではパンチ温度と潤滑剤を同一条件にして、1100℃の熱間鍛造における表面処理の効果と押し込み形状比L/Dの影響を調査した。パンチは、前記表1に示す鋼種の工具鋼を48HRCの硬さに調質し、図4の形状に加工したものを使用した。パンチの寸法は表4に示す。
【0031】
【表4】
Figure 0004224219
【0032】
このパンチについて、表面処理の効果を見るため、表面処理を行わない試料No.2−1とイオン窒化処理を行った試料No.2−2、および本浸硫窒化処理を行ったNo.2−3〜2−5を作製し鍛造試験を行った。本浸硫窒化処理は実施例1と同条件で行った。
【0033】
このパンチを用いて、1100℃の熱間鍛造試験を行った。前記実施例2の知見に基づき、実施例2の水溶性高分子系潤滑剤を用い、潤滑剤を噴霧してパンチ温度が300℃になるように冷却しながら行った。その鍛造試験結果を併せて表4に示す。
【0034】
表4から、同じ押し込み形状比の、L/D=0.4の試料No.2−1〜2−3について比較すると、表面処理をしない試料No.2−1は500ショットであったが、イオン窒化に試料No.2−2では4000ショットに伸びた。本浸硫窒化処理試料No.2−3では、さらに10000ショットまで寿命が延び、本浸硫窒化処理の効果が認められた。
【0035】
また、押し込み形状比L/Dが異なる試料No.2−3〜2−5について見ると、L/D=0.4の試料No.2−3の10000ショットに対し、当然L/Dが大きくなると寿命が落ち、L/D=1.8の試料No.2−4では6000ショットになったが、なお本発明鍛造方法の効果が認められる。しかし、L/D=3.0の試料No.2−5では1300ショットになり、本発明の鍛造方法によっても、なおあまり寿命の向上は図かれなかった。
【0036】
また、実験はしなかったが、L/Dの非常に小さい浅い押し込みでは、表面処理しないでも相当の寿命が得られることが認められているので、以上の結果から本発明の鍛造方法の効果の範囲をL/D=0.3〜2.0とした。
【0037】
[実施例4] 水冷の場合のパンチ寿命
実施例4は、潤滑剤を用いず冷却水によりパンチ温度を金型表面から3mmの位置で350℃以下に外冷しながら熱間鍛造を行った事例を示す。単純形状の部品を鍛造する場合は、通常は高速多段式熱間鍛造機が使用される。そこで、本発明の表面処理パンチを使用して80ショット/毎分のサイクルで高速鍛造したパンチ寿命の結果を表5に示す。
【0038】
【表5】
Figure 0004224219
【0039】
表中のL/D=0.44の場合で比較すると、本発明の表面処理パンチは無処理及びイオン窒化処理のパンチに比してパンチ寿命が著しく向上している。一方、本発明の表面処理パンチで見ると、L/Dが増加するとパンチ寿命が低下し、L/D=3.0では800ショットに低下する。これらから、本発明の表面処理パンチにおいてもL/Dは2.0以下が望ましいことが分かった。
【0040】
以上説明したように、本発明の前方押出しまたは後方押出しの熱間鍛造方法は、パンチの表層部に酸素を含む硫化鉄粒子と窒化鉄粒子からなる化合物層を有する表面処理を施した鍛造用パンチを用いて、1000〜1200℃の被鍛造材を、水冷または水溶性高分子系潤滑剤を使用してパンチの温度が金型表面から3mmの位置で250〜350℃になるように冷却・潤滑しながら鍛造するので、パンチ表面の硫化鉄粒子が潤滑性を与え、窒化鉄粒子が硬さを与えてパンチの寿命を向上させる。また、鍛造パンチの温度を250〜350℃になるように水溶性高分子系潤滑剤を用いて、その被膜厚さ35μm以上を付着させて、冷却しながら鍛造を行うので水溶性高分子系潤滑剤の潤滑効果が最も発揮され、表面処理の効果とあいまってパンチの寿命が向上し、鍛造の加工精度が向上する。
【0041】
本発明の前記熱間鍛造は、押込み形状比(押込み長さ/孔径)が0.3〜2.0である前方押出しまたは後方押出し鍛造に最も適する。押込み形状比が0.3以下の浅い孔の押し込みでは、工具の摩耗が少ないので本発明の効果が少く、また、押込み形状比2.0以上の深い孔では、パンチ温度の上昇が大きく、工具本体の強度が十分でないための損傷が多くなり、本発明の効果はあっても十分にその効果が発揮できないからである。
【0042】
【発明の効果】
上述したように、本発明の熱間鍛造方法によれば、前方押出しまたは後方押出し鍛造において、鍛造パンチの摩耗が減少してその寿命が増すとともに、パンチの変形が減少するので、深い孔の押し込み鍛造などにおいても、加工精度の高い鍛造部品が得られる。これにより、工具コストが低減でき、鍛造部品の原価低減に貢献できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明実施例1、2の鍛造パンチの形状を示す図である。
【図2】 本発明実施例1のパンチ温度と潤滑剤の付着量を示す図である。
【図3】 本発明実施例2のパンチ温度とパンチ寿命の関係を示す図である。
【図4】 本発明実施例3に使用した鍛造パンチの形状を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
L 押込み長さ、D 孔径[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a hot forging method for forming automobile parts and the like hot and a forging punch used therefor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As punches used for hot forging, hot tool steels such as SKD61 and SKT4 as defined by JIS, SKD7 and SKD8 with higher hot strength, high-speed steel with higher strength, or improved steels thereof are used. It has been.
[0003]
In recent years, due to demands for higher precision of forged parts and improvement of processing efficiency, the trend of forging molding technology has shifted to near net forging, and the hot forging processing shape has become more complex. For this reason, the plastic flow of a workpiece becomes large at the time of forming, and the temperature rise due to frictional heat on the mold surface causes a problem that the tool life is greatly reduced beyond the transformation point of the tool steel.
[0004]
In particular, when a part having a deep hole or the like is pressed by a forging punch, for example, in an automobile part, the temperature of the forging punch is likely to rise, so that the wear of the punch is increased, the life of the punch is reduced, and the forging product is processed. The accuracy tends to decrease.
[0005]
In order to prevent such a decrease in tool life, the surface of the tool steel is subjected to surface treatment to increase lubricity and wear resistance, increase the punch life and improve the processing accuracy of the workpiece. It has been broken.
[0006]
As this surface-treated mold tool, for example, many inventions such as JP-A-10-204610 and JP-A-10-219421-219423 are disclosed.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, even with the surface-treated forging punch, the tool life varies depending on the forging method, and the tool life may not be extended much. In particular, the tool life is greatly affected by the forging method in the forging punch or the like in which the above-described deep hole parts are hot-pressed.
[0008]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a hot forging method that solves the above-described problems, improves the life of a hot forging punch, and increases processing accuracy.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, a hot forging method for a steel material according to the present invention comprises a forging punch that has been subjected to a surface treatment having a compound layer comprising iron sulfide particles containing oxygen and iron nitride particles on the surface layer of the punch. When a steel material of 1000 to 1200 ° C. is forged, a coating having a thickness of 35 μm or more is formed on the punch surface by spraying or applying a water-soluble polymer lubricant to the punch surface having a surface temperature of 250 to 350 ° C. And using the water-soluble polymer lubricant, forging forward extrusion or backward extrusion forging while cooling and lubricating so that the temperature of the punch is 250 to 350 ° C. at a position 3 mm from the surface. To do.
[0010]
That is, the hot forging method of the present invention is a surface treatment having a compound layer composed of iron sulfide particles containing oxygen and iron nitride particles in the surface layer as a surface treatment with increased lubricity and wear resistance on the tool surface described above. Use a punch with a mark. Thereby, iron sulfide particles give lubricity, and iron nitride particles give hardness and improve the life of the punch. In the case of water cooling, the effect of improving the service life is lowered when the temperature of the punch measured with a thermocouple at a position 3 mm from the mold surface exceeds 350 ° C., so that the temperature of the punch is 350 ° C. or less. It is desirable to forge while cooling with water.
[0012]
In other words, when the surface-treated punch is used, the tool life can be further improved by using the water-soluble polymeric lubricant. In this case, forging is performed while cooling the punch temperature measured by a thermocouple at a position 3 mm from the mold surface to 250 to 350 ° C. at which the lubricating effect of the water-soluble polymer lubricant is maximized. By doing so, the effect of the surface treatment of the punch can be further exhibited, the forging accuracy can be increased, and the life of the punch can be improved.
[0013]
In addition, by spraying or applying the water-soluble polymer lubricant to the punch surface having a surface temperature of 250 to 350 ° C., forging with a film thickness of 35 μm or more adhered to the punch surface, the lubricating effect can be obtained. It is desirable to improve the punch life.
[0014]
Here, the punch surface temperature is set to 250 to 350 ° C. When the temperature is 250 ° C. or less, the water-soluble polymer lubricant does not accumulate as a dry film and is washed away, so that the punch surface is not sufficiently adhered. This is because even if the amount of lubricant sprayed is increased, the film thickness becomes thin and the lubricating effect cannot be exhibited. Further, when the temperature is 350 ° C. or higher, the water-soluble polymer-based lubricant film is carbonized and oxidized, so that it cannot be effectively formed. In this way, if the punch surface temperature is maintained at 250 to 350 ° C. and the polymer lubricant is sprayed or applied to the punch surface, the film thickness of the lubricant can be easily increased to 35 μm or more. The tool life and machining accuracy can be improved.
[0015]
The hot forging is most suitable for forward extrusion or backward extrusion forging in which the indentation shape ratio (indentation length / hole diameter) is 0.3 to 2.0. Here, the indentation shape ratio refers to the ratio L / D of the indentation length L and the hole diameter D in the case of the punch shape shown in FIG. That is, indentation of shallow holes with an indentation shape ratio of 0.3 or less reduces the wear of the tool, so the effect of the present invention is small. In addition, in deep holes with an indentation shape ratio of 2.0 or more, the punch temperature rises greatly. This is because damage due to insufficient strength of the tool body increases, and even if the effect of the present invention is obtained, the effect cannot be sufficiently exhibited.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the hot forging method of the present invention will be specifically described.
[0017]
As the forging punch, the tool steel having the components shown in Table 1 was processed into the shape shown in FIG. 1, then tempered to a hardness of 48HRC and subjected to nitrosulphurizing treatment under the following conditions.
[0018]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004224219
[0019]
The nitronitriding treatment was performed under the conditions shown in Table 2 as follows. First, a colorless ammonium sulfide solution and a yellow ammonium sulfide solution are supplied into the gas generating container in a ratio of 6: 1 to 1: 1, and in a mixed gas of the generated liquid surface gas and a carrier gas composed of argon or nitrogen gas The hydrogen sulfide gas concentration was adjusted to 100-600 ppm and the ammonia gas concentration was adjusted to 0.1-1.0%, a hot forging punch was charged and introduced into a reactor heated to 600 ° C. Adjusting the ammonia concentration in the reactor to 20 to 70% with argon or nitrogen gas and ammonia gas supplied from the vessel, gradually cooling to a cooling rate of 100 ° C./h after holding at 600 ° C., and gas nitrosulphurizing Processed.
[0020]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004224219
[0021]
The structure of the surface layer portion of the nitronitrided punch was composed of (mixture layer + intermediate layer + white layer + nitrogen diffusion layer), S / N of the mixture layer was 6.0, and S% in the mixture layer was 28%. .4.
[0022]
Example 1 Lubricant Adhesion Test Using the above punch, an adhesion test of a lubricant used during forging as Example 1 was performed. As the lubricant, a water-soluble polymer lubricant solution adjusted to 20% was used. The punch was heated at a temperature in the range of 150 to 500 ° C., the lubricant was applied to the surface by spraying, and the film thickness of the adhered lubricant was measured.
[0023]
The result is shown in FIG. From the figure, the film thickness is 25 μm when the punch temperature is 180 ° C., but the film thickness increases with increasing temperature up to about 350 ° C., and the thickness exceeds about 35 μm near 280 ° C. When the temperature exceeds 350 ° C., the film thickness rapidly decreases to about 20 μm. This is because the lubricant is carbonized and oxidized as the temperature rises.
[0024]
From the above results, it was found that a film thickness of 35 μm or more can be obtained by applying a polymeric white lubricant at a punch temperature of 250 to 350 ° C. This temperature is desirably 250 to 330 ° C.
[0025]
Example 2 Punch Temperature and Punch Life Based on the knowledge of the above lubricant, a forging test was performed by changing the temperature range of the punch while spraying and cooling the punch with the lubricant. The temperature of the punch was measured by inserting a thermocouple into a hole drilled to a depth of 3 mm from the surface. As the forging punch, the punch of FIG. 1 subjected to the above nitronitriding treatment was used to push in at a depth of 70 mm. The indentation shape ratio L / D is about 0.67.
Figure 0004224219
[0026]
The relationship between punch temperature and tool life in this test result is shown in Table 3 and FIG. The punch temperature was measured by opening a hole 3 mm from the punch surface and inserting a thermocouple into the hole. In Table 3 and FIG. 3, the symbol S indicates severe wear such as punching generated on the punch surface, and M indicates mild wear such as streak and corner wear.
[0027]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004224219
[0028]
From Table 3 and FIG. 3, sample Nos. With punch temperatures of 290 ° C. and 325 ° C. Samples Nos. 1-3 and 1-4 have a punch life of 9000 shots or more and a sample temperature of 260 ° C. 1-2 was 5200 shots. In particular, sample no. 1-4 had only mild corner wear. On the other hand, Sample No. 225 ° C. with a low punch temperature. In 1-1, only 2200 shots were reached. Sample No. 365 at 365 ° C. with a high punch temperature. Sample No. 1-5 was 3400 shots and the punch temperature was 380 ° C. In No. 1-6, sample No. 1 with 4300 shots and a punch temperature of 385 ° C. In 1-7, it reached only 1100 shots. However, sample No. with a punch temperature of 365 ° C. In No. 1-5, the wear was only mild corner wear.
[0029]
Thus, it was found that when the punch temperature is less than 250 ° C. or exceeds 350 ° C., the punch life is significantly reduced. Therefore, the punch temperature range of the present invention is set to 250 to 350 ° C.
[0030]
[Example 3] The indentation shape ratio L / D and the punch life were obtained from Example 2 because knowledge about the punch temperature and the use of the lubricant was obtained. In Example 3, the punch temperature and the lubricant were set to the same conditions. The effect of surface treatment in hot forging at 0 ° C. and the influence of the indentation shape ratio L / D were investigated. As the punch, a tool steel of the steel type shown in Table 1 was tempered to a hardness of 48 HRC and processed into the shape shown in FIG. Table 4 shows the punch dimensions.
[0031]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004224219
[0032]
For this punch, in order to see the effect of the surface treatment, Sample No. Sample No. 2 subjected to ion nitriding with 2-1. No. 2-2 and No. 2 subjected to the present nitronitriding treatment. 2-3 to 2-5 were produced and a forging test was performed. This nitronitriding treatment was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1.
[0033]
A hot forging test at 1100 ° C. was performed using this punch. Based on the knowledge of Example 2, the water-soluble polymer lubricant of Example 2 was used while spraying the lubricant and cooling the punch temperature to 300 ° C. The forging test results are also shown in Table 4.
[0034]
From Table 4, sample Nos. L / D = 0.4 having the same indentation shape ratio were obtained. When comparing 2-1 to 2-3, Sample No. 2-1 was 500 shots. In 2-2, it increased to 4000 shots. This nitronitriding sample No. In 2-3, the life was further extended to 10,000 shots, and the effect of the present nitronitriding treatment was recognized.
[0035]
Sample Nos. With different indentation shape ratios L / D. When looking at 2-3 to 2-5, sample No. L / D = 0.4. As a matter of course, when the L / D is increased with respect to 10,000 shots of 2-3, the life is shortened. In 2-4, 6000 shots were obtained, but the effect of the forging method of the present invention is still recognized. However, sample No. L / D = 3.0. In 2-5, 1300 shots were obtained, and the life was not improved much even by the forging method of the present invention.
[0036]
Moreover, although it did not experiment, since it has been recognized that a shallow indentation with a very small L / D can provide a considerable life without surface treatment, the above results show the effect of the forging method of the present invention. The range was L / D = 0.3 to 2.0.
[0037]
[Example 4] Punch life in the case of water cooling Example 4 is an example in which hot forging was performed while externally cooling the punch temperature to 350 ° C. or less at a position 3 mm from the mold surface with cooling water without using a lubricant. Indicates. When forging a simple-shaped part, a high-speed multistage hot forging machine is usually used. Therefore, Table 5 shows the results of the punch life of high-speed forging at a cycle of 80 shots / minute using the surface treatment punch of the present invention.
[0038]
[Table 5]
Figure 0004224219
[0039]
Compared with the case of L / D = 0.44 in the table, the punch life of the surface-treated punch of the present invention is remarkably improved as compared with the non-treated and ion nitrided punches. On the other hand, when viewed with the surface-treated punch of the present invention, when L / D increases, the punch life decreases, and when L / D = 3.0, it decreases to 800 shots. From these, it was found that L / D is preferably 2.0 or less in the surface treatment punch of the present invention.
[0040]
As described above, the forward forging or backward extruding hot forging method according to the present invention is a forging punch having a surface treatment having a compound layer made of iron sulfide particles containing oxygen and iron nitride particles in the surface layer portion of the punch. Cool and lubricate the forged material at 1000-1200 ° C using water-cooled or water-soluble polymeric lubricant so that the punch temperature is 250-350 ° C at a position 3 mm from the mold surface. Since forging is performed, the iron sulfide particles on the punch surface give lubricity, and the iron nitride particles give hardness to improve the punch life. In addition, using a water-soluble polymer lubricant so that the temperature of the forging punch is 250 to 350 ° C., a film thickness of 35 μm or more is adhered, and forging is performed while cooling, so water-soluble polymer lubrication The lubrication effect of the agent is exhibited most, combined with the effect of the surface treatment, the life of the punch is improved, and the forging processing accuracy is improved.
[0041]
The hot forging of the present invention is most suitable for forward extrusion or backward extrusion forging in which the indentation shape ratio (indentation length / hole diameter) is 0.3 to 2.0. Indentation of shallow holes with an indentation shape ratio of 0.3 or less reduces the wear of the tool, so the effect of the present invention is small. In deep holes with an indentation shape ratio of 2.0 or more, the punch temperature rises greatly, This is because damage due to insufficient strength of the main body is increased, and even if the effect of the present invention is provided, the effect cannot be sufficiently exhibited.
[0042]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the hot forging method of the present invention, in forward extrusion or backward extrusion forging, wear of the forging punch is reduced and its life is increased, and the deformation of the punch is reduced. Also in forging, forged parts with high processing accuracy can be obtained. Thereby, tool cost can be reduced and it can contribute to the cost reduction of a forged part.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a view showing the shape of a forging punch according to Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a punch temperature and a lubricant adhesion amount in Example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between punch temperature and punch life in Example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a view showing the shape of a forging punch used in Example 3 of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
L Indentation length, D Hole diameter

Claims (2)

パンチの表層部に酸素を含む硫化鉄粒子と窒化鉄粒子からなる化合物層を有する表面処理を施した鍛造用パンチを用いて、1000〜1200℃の鋼材を鍛造する際に、水溶性高分子系潤滑剤を表面温度が250〜350℃のパンチ表面に噴霧または塗布することにより該パンチ表面に厚さ35μm以上の被膜を付着させ、前記水溶性高分子系潤滑剤を使用してパンチの温度が表面から3mmの位置で250〜350℃になるように冷却・潤滑しながら前方押出しまたは後方押出し鍛造することを特徴とする鋼材の熱間鍛造方法。A water-soluble polymer system is used for forging a steel material at 1000 to 1200 ° C. using a forging punch having a surface treatment having a compound layer composed of iron sulfide particles containing oxygen and iron nitride particles in the surface layer portion of the punch. By spraying or applying a lubricant onto the punch surface having a surface temperature of 250 to 350 ° C., a film having a thickness of 35 μm or more is adhered to the punch surface, and the temperature of the punch is adjusted using the water-soluble polymer lubricant. A hot forging method for steel, characterized by performing forward extrusion or backward extrusion forging while cooling and lubricating at a position 3 mm from the surface so as to be 250 to 350 ° C. 前記熱間鍛造は、押込み形状比(最大押込み長さ/孔径)が0.3〜2.0である前方押出しまたは後方押出し鍛造であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の鋼材の熱間鍛造方法。2. The hot forging of a steel material according to claim 1 , wherein the hot forging is forward extrusion or backward extrusion forging in which an indentation shape ratio (maximum indentation length / hole diameter) is 0.3 to 2.0. Forging method.
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