JP4227282B2 - Cheese and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Cheese and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP4227282B2 JP4227282B2 JP2000095785A JP2000095785A JP4227282B2 JP 4227282 B2 JP4227282 B2 JP 4227282B2 JP 2000095785 A JP2000095785 A JP 2000095785A JP 2000095785 A JP2000095785 A JP 2000095785A JP 4227282 B2 JP4227282 B2 JP 4227282B2
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- 235000013351 cheese Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 228
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- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000005862 Whey Substances 0.000 claims description 23
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- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229940108461 rennet Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 108010058314 rennet Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 4
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- UZUODNWWWUQRIR-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;3-aminonaphthalene-1,5-disulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C2=CC(N)=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C21 UZUODNWWWUQRIR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、崩れて鱗片状チーズとなるブロック状チーズおよびこのブロック状チーズの製造方法に関する。また、本発明は、鱗片状チーズに関する。
本発明のブロック状チーズは、細断機を使わずとも、手でクラッシュすることにより容易に鱗片状チーズを得ることができるものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、食生活の欧風化に伴い、ナチュラルチーズの需要が伸びている。ナチュラルチーズは、そのまま食べたり、グラタン、ドリア、ピザ等のトッピング材等として用いられている。ナチュラルチーズをグラタン、ドリア、ピザ等のトッピング材として用いる場合には、ブロック状のナチュラルチーズを適当な形状、大きさに細断する必要があるが、最近では様々な形態のシュレッドチーズが市販されており、使用目的に合わせて入手することができる。
【0003】
シュレッドチーズの形状は、使用目的によって若干異なるものの、一般的には薄く細長い短冊状である。市販のシュレッドチーズは、ゴーダチーズ、チェダーチーズ等のブロック状の半硬質チーズを大まかな直方体に切り分けてシュレッダーに投入し、細断することにより得られるが、チーズを細断する際にシュレッダーにチーズが付着したり、自動計量後、容器に充填する際にチーズがブロッキング(チーズ同士が結着し、ブロック状の塊になること)するため、機械適性が悪い。また、保存中にチーズがブロッキングするため、使用する際に手でほぐさなくてはならなかった。そこで、チーズのブロッキングを防止するために、シュレッドチーズの表面に乾燥した食物繊維の粉末を散布することも行われている(特公平 7-95921号公報)。
【0004】
また、パルメザンチーズ等の超硬質チーズは、ゴーダチーズ、チェダーチーズ等の半硬質チーズに比べ、組織が硬く脆いため、工業的に短冊状にシュレッドすことは困難である。なお、家庭では、これらのチーズをチーズリナーやチーズおろし等の用具を用いて粒状として使用している。
【0005】
そこで、シュレッダー等の細断機を用いずに、小片チーズを製造する方法として、例えば、▲1▼原料乳に乳酸菌および凝乳酵素を添加し、チーズカードを生成させた後、得られたチーズカードを40〜60℃で加温し、次いで凍結、解凍した後、撹拌してチーズカード粒を得、次いで、得られたチーズカード粒を熟成させることにより得られる小片チーズ(特開平10-52223号公報)や▲2▼原料乳からチーズカードを生成させ、切断し、pHが 5.3〜5.8 となるまで保温した後、冷却してホエーを排除し、次いで型詰および圧搾することなく熟成させることにより得られる小片ナチュラルチーズ(特開平9-107881号公報)に関する技術が開示されている。
▲1▼の技術は、未熟成のチーズ(チーズカード)を凍結、解凍して得られた粒状チーズを熟成させるものであり、▲2▼の技術は、細断した小片チーズカードを乾燥させて、型詰および圧搾することなく熟成させて小片チーズを得るものである。
このように常法によって調製された熟成チーズでは、シュレッダー等の細断機を用いて小片にシュレッドしなくてはならず、また熟成した小片チーズを製造するには、未熟成のチーズカードを凍結、解凍した後、熟成させる必要があった。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、シュレッダー等の細断機を用いずに、手でほぐすか又は機械で軽く圧力をかけることにより、容易に鱗片状の小片とすることのできるブロック状チーズを提供することを課題とする。
【0007】
以下、本発明においてクラッシュとは、ブロック状チーズを手でほぐすか又は機械で軽く圧力をかけることにより、チーズをボロボロに崩して鱗片状チーズにすることをいう。
また、本発明において鱗片状チーズとは、チーズの一片が 0.005〜1.5g程度の重量を有し、長さ5〜30mm、幅 0.5〜20mm、厚さ 0.5〜2mm 程度の大きさを有する小片チーズのことをいう。この鱗片状チーズの形状は、鱗のような形状、すなわち扁平な円形、楕円形等のような特異な形状をいう。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上述した課題に鑑み、特定の水分含量および熟度となるように調整した熟成ブロック状チーズを一旦凍結させた後、解凍することにより、ブロック状チーズの組織が脆くなり、例えば、手でほぐすことにより容易に鱗片状とすることができることを見出し、本発明を完成させるに至った。
すなわち、本発明は、チーズカードをカッティングし、ホエーを排除して熟成させたブロック状チーズを凍結および解凍して得られる、崩れて鱗片状チーズとなるブロック状チーズに関する。
なお、鱗片状チーズの水分は38〜48重量%に、また熟度は30%以上となるように調整することが好ましい。
本発明のブロック状チーズは、1辺 3cmの立方体として、応力測定装置 (レオナー、ヤマデン社製) を用い、平板プランジャーで0.5cm/秒の一定速度、3kg/cm2 の応力でもとの高さの70%の高さに圧縮することにより、崩れて鱗片状チーズとなることを特徴とする。
また、本発明は、原料乳に乳酸菌スターターを添加し、乳酸発酵してチーズカードとし、このチーズカードをカッティングしてホエーを排除し、水分38〜48重量%に調整し、熟成を行って熟度30%以上に熟成させ、これを凍結および解凍する上記ブロック状チーズの製造方法に関する。
さらに、本発明は、このようにして得られるブロック状チーズをクラッシュして得ることのできる鱗片状チーズに関する。
【0009】
ナチュラルチーズは、乳より調製されるチーズカードをカッティングし、得られるチーズカード粒をひとつひとつ圧着させることでひとつのブロック状チーズカードとし、これを熟成させることにより得ることができる。通常、チーズカード中の水分の大部分は、カゼインに水和した結合水として存在しており、この結合水はチーズカードを凍結させても大きな氷結晶とはならないため、ブロック状チーズカードの組織に影響を与えることはないが、チーズカードを熟成させることによりタンパク質の分解が進むと、カゼインに水和した結合水は自由水となってチーズの間にしみ出し、自由水によるクラスターができる。この状態でチーズを凍結させると、自由水が大きな氷結晶となり体積が膨張するため、チーズの組織に亀裂が生じ、チーズの組織が解離しやすい状態となる。そして、解凍したチーズを手でほぐすか又は機械で軽く圧力をかけることにより、チーズはボロボロと崩れて小片となり、鱗片状チーズが得られる。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明のブロック状チーズの製造方法を以下に示し、本発明について詳しく説明する。
常法に従い、乳脂肪率を1〜4重量%程度に調整した後、63℃で30分間程度の条件や75℃で15秒間程度の条件で加熱殺菌し、その後、約30℃に冷却し静置する。このように処理した原料乳に、乳酸菌を約0.01〜0.05重量%および凝乳酵素を約0.001 〜0.01重量%添加し、29〜34℃に約30分間保持することにより、乳を凝固させてチーズカードを調製する。
【0011】
原料乳としては、チーズ製造に通常用いられる乳であればいずれでもよく、例えば、全乳、脂肪調整乳、還元乳、濃縮乳、バターミルク、クリーム又はこれらの混合物を挙げることができる。
また、乳酸菌としては、チーズ製造に通常スターターとして用いられる乳酸菌であればいずれでもよく、例えば、ストレプトコッカス・ラクチス(Streptococcus lactis) 、ストレプトコッカス・サーモフィラス(Streptococcus thermophilus)、ストレプトコッカス・クレモリス(Streptococcus cremoris)、ラクトバチルス・ブルガリカス(Lactobacillus bulgaricus)、ラクトバチルス・カゼイ(Lactobacillus casei)、ラクトバチルス・ヘルベチカス(Lactobacillus helveticus)等を挙げることができる。特に、ラクトバチルス・ヘルベチカス(Lactobacillus helveticus) はタンパク質分解活性が高く、チーズ中のタンパク質分解を促進するため、チーズ中のカゼインに水和した結合水は自由水となりやすく好ましい。
また、凝乳酵素としては、チーズ製造に通常用いられる凝乳酵素であればいずれでもよく、例えば、子牛レンネット、微生物又は植物から得られる代用レンネット、それらの遺伝子組み替え品等を挙げることができる。
【0012】
次いで、得られたチーズカードを、例えば、1辺約10〜40mmの立方体になるようにカッティングし、おだやかに撹拌しながら、チーズカードのシネリシス(凝縮)を促進させる。この時のチーズカードの大きさを調整することにより、最終的に得られる鱗片状チーズの大きさを調整することができる。すなわち、大きめの粒の鱗片状チーズにしたい場合は、チーズカードの大きさを大きくすればよく、小さめの粒の鱗片状チーズにしたい場合は、チーズカードの大きさを小さくすればよい。
【0013】
次いで、チーズカードのカッティング時に生じたホエーの一部を排除し、さらに撹拌を続けながらチーズカードを37〜39℃に加温し、加温開始から約90分が経過したら、ホエーの全量を排除する。加温温度が高いと、チーズカードのシネリシスが過度に進み、チーズ中の水分含量が低くなり過ぎるため、好ましくない。
次いで、カッティングしたチーズカード(pH5.2〜6.2)に対して、1〜2重量%となるように、食塩や食塩水を用いて加塩し、約35℃で10〜30分間保温したまま放置した後、成形し、加圧型、自重型、真空型等のプレス機を用いて圧搾し、一旦5℃程度まで冷却し、5〜15℃でチーズの熟度が30%以上になるまで6ヵ月〜1年間熟成させる。
【0014】
さらに、このようにして得られた水分38〜48重量%、熟度30%以上のチーズを凍結させた後、解凍することにより、チーズの組織が脆くなり、例えば、手でほぐすことにより容易にクラッシュすることができるブロック状チーズを得ることができる。なお、凍結は、緩慢凍結又は急速凍結のいずれで行ってもよく、−5℃以下で行うことが好ましく、−5℃より高い温度では、チーズが完全に凍結しないため好ましくない。また、解凍は、0〜20℃で行うことが好ましく、20℃より高い温度ではオイルオフを生じるため好ましくない。
本発明のブロック状チーズから鱗片状チーズを得るには、手でほぐしてもよいが、例えば、2軸異方向回転型ニーダー等の混練機を用い、鱗片状チーズが破壊されないようにスクリューの回転数を10〜100rpm程度として穏やかに撹拌し、圧力をかけることにより、鱗片状チーズとしてもよい。
本発明のブロック状チーズを図1に、これをクラッシュした状態を図2に示す。さらにクラッシュして得られる鱗片状チーズを図3に示す。
【0015】
前述のように、本発明の鱗片状チーズが得られるのは、ブロック状チーズの水分と熟度に起因する。従って、チーズの水分および熟度は、重要な因子であり、本発明においては、凍結前のチーズの水分が38〜48重量%および熟度が30%以上であることが好ましい。水分が38重量%未満では、凍結による水分の膨張が不十分となり、鱗片状の小片が得られないので好ましくない。また熟度が30%未満では、カゼインが十分な保水力を持つため、チーズ中に自由水のクラスターが生ぜず、凍結、解凍処理しても、手でほぐすことにより容易に鱗片状に崩れるブロック状チーズとならないため好ましくない。
【0016】
本発明における熟度の測定は以下のようにして行うことができる。
チーズ10g を秤量し、0.5Mクエン酸ナトリウム溶液を40ml加え、さらに60℃の温湯を40ml加える。このチーズ溶液に水を加えて全量で200ml とし、サンプル溶液とする。このサンプル溶液の窒素含量をケルダール法で測定しチーズ中の全窒素量とする。一方、サンプル溶液を一定量とり、1N塩酸でpH 4.4に調整する。沈殿を濾別し、濾過液中の窒素量をケルダール法で測定しこれを可溶性画分中の窒素量とする。これらの測定値をもとに以下の式で熟度を算出した。
熟度(%)=〔可溶性画分中の窒素量/チーズ中の全窒素量〕×100
【0017】
また、上記のようにして製造されるブロック状チーズは、ガスバリアー性のあるフィルムに充填し、窒素、炭酸ガス等の不活性ガスでガス置換包装して保存してもよい。ガスバリアー性のあるフィルムとしては、特に限定されないがアルミ箔、アルミ蒸着フィルム、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、エチレンビニルアルコール共重合体、またこれらとポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ナイロン、ポリカーボネート、ポリ塩化ビニルまたはポリスチレン等とを積層した複合包装材を挙げることができる。これらの中でもポリ塩化ビニリデンをコートしたナイロンフィルムが好ましい。
また、ブロック状チーズをクラッシュして得られる鱗片状チーズは、そのまま食べてもよく、またグラタン、ドリア、ピザ、パスタ等のトッピング材等として用いてもよく、さらにすりおろすか、すりつぶす等して細かくし、粉チーズとして用いることもできる。
【0018】
【実施例】
以下、実施例を示し、本発明を説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
【実施例1】
75℃で15秒間加熱殺菌した脂肪調整乳(脂肪含有率 3.0重量%)1,500kg を30℃に加温し、乳酸菌スターター(CHR.HANSEN社製:BD-CH-Normal-01 型)(ラクトコッカス・ラクチス・サブスピーシーズ・クレモリス、ラクトコッカス・ラクチス・サブスピーシーズ・ジアセチラクチス、ロイコノストック・メセントロイデス・サブスピーシーズ・クレモリスの混合物) 0.02重量%およびレンネット(CHR.HANSEN社製:70,000units/g) 0.003重量%を添加して穏やかに撹拌し、30℃で30分間静置してチーズカードを得た。得られたチーズカードを刃幅15mmのカードナイフでカッテイングして20分間穏やかに撹拌し、生じたホエーの1/3 を排除した。その後直ちに、チーズカードとホエーの混合物を均等に5つの小バットに移した。
チーズカードとホエーの各混合物をホエー排除から10分後に、最終到達温度がそれぞれ36℃、38℃、40℃、42℃、45℃となるように2分毎に1℃の割合で昇温するように調整しながら加温した。これをそれぞれの温度水準に維持しながら撹拌を続け、加温開始から90分経過した時点でホエーを全量排除し、食塩をチーズカードに対して1.7 重量%添加して混合した。その後、チーズカードを直方形のモールドに移し、約0.3kg/cm2 の圧力下でプレス機を用いて2時間圧搾し、最終的に約15kgのチーズカードを得た。
各チーズカードをビニール製フィルムに入れて真空包装し、10℃で8ヶ月間熟成させ、熟度が30%以上となっていることを確認し、ブロック状チーズを得た。このブロック状チーズを−30℃で凍結し、3日間保存した。3日後に10℃で解凍して、凍結解凍したブロック状チーズを得た。得られたブロック状チーズを2軸異方向回転型ニーダーを用い、20rpm で穏やかに混練し、クラッシュして鱗片状チーズを得た。そして、得られた鱗片状チーズの水分値、熟度およびpHを測定した。
【0019】
また、各チーズのクラッシュ時の強度および生成する鱗片状チーズの割合を確認するために、各ブロック状チーズを1辺が3cm の立方体とし、−20℃で凍結し、10℃で解凍した。解凍後のチーズを 応力測定装置(レオナー、ヤマデン社製)を用い、平板プランジャーで0.5cm/秒の一定速度で、もとのチーズの高さの約70%の高さまで圧縮し、圧縮により崩壊したチーズ片のうち、長さ5〜30mm、幅5〜20mm、厚さ 0.5〜2mm の大きさを有する鱗片状チーズを選別し、その重量を測定して、全体の重量に対する鱗片状チーズの割合 (重量%) を求めた。測定は5回実施し、その平均値を求めた。
【0020】
さらに、糸曳き性の評価と、風味についての官能評価を行った。
糸曳き性の評価は、鱗片状のチーズ 15gをシャーレに入れ、電子レンジ(1300W、シャープ社製) で25秒間加熱し、加熱後のチーズを糸曳試験機 (富士機械社製) を用い、9 cm/秒で引き上げた時の糸曳きの長さを測定した。測定は5回実施し、その平均値(少数点以下第2位を四捨五入)を算出した。
なお、同様にして従来品のシュレッドチーズの糸曳き性を測定したところ、30.3cmであった。
官能評価は、5×5×1cmの食パン上に鱗片状チーズ 10gを載せ、オーブントースター(620W 、東芝社製) で3分間焼成し、これを10名の熟練パネラーに食してもらい、同様にして従来品のシュレッドチーズを載せて焼成したものとチーズ風味について比べた。評価基準は、チーズ風味が従来品のシュレッドチーズよりも良好:5点、やや良好:4点、ほぼ同様:3点、やや劣る:2点、劣る:1点とした。
【0021】
以上の結果を表1に示す。
【表1】
水分38%以上のチーズではクラッシュ後の鱗片状チーズの割合が60%以上であった。
また、得られた鱗片状チーズは、風味、糸曳き性においても、従来のシュレッドチーズと変わらなかった。
【0022】
【実施例2】
75℃で15秒間加熱殺菌した脂肪調整乳(脂肪含有率 3.0重量%)1, 500kgを30℃に加温し、乳酸菌スターター(CHR.HANSEN社製:BD-CH-Normal-01 型)(実施例1と同じ乳酸菌混合物)0.02重量%およびレンネット(CHR.HANSEN社製:70,000units/g) 0.003重量%を添加して穏やかに撹拌し、30℃で30分間静置してチーズカードを得た。次いで、得られたチーズカードを刃幅15mmのカードナイフでカッテイングして20分間穏やかに撹拌し、生じたホエーの1/3 を排除した。その後直ちに、チーズカードとホエーの混合物を均等に5つの小バットに移した。
チーズカードとホエーの各混合物をホエー排除から10分後に、最終到達温度が38℃となるように2分毎に1℃の割合で昇温するように調整しながら加温した。38℃の温度水準を維持しながら撹拌を続け、加温開始から90分経過した時点でホエーを全量排除し、食塩をチーズカードに対して1.7 重量%添加、混合した。その後、チーズカードを直方形のモールドに移し、約0.3kg/cm2 の圧力下でプレス機を用いて2時間圧搾し、最終的に約15kgのチーズカードを得た。
各チーズカードをビニール製フィルムに入れて真空包装し、10℃で 6、8 、10、12、15ヶ月熟成させてブロック状チーズを得た。これを−30℃で凍結し、3日間保存した。3日後に10℃で解凍して、凍結・解凍したブロック状チーズを得た。得られたブロック状チーズを2軸異方向回転型ニーダーを用い、20rpm で穏やかに混練し、クラシュして鱗片状チーズを得た。そして、得られた鱗片状チーズの水分値、熟度およびpHを実施例1と同様の方法で測定した。
また、各チーズの鱗片状チーズの割合、および糸曳き性と風味の評価を実施例1と同様の方法で確認した。
【0023】
以上の結果を表2に示す。
【表2】
熟度30%以上ではクラッシュ後の鱗片状チーズの割合は60%以上であった。
また、得られた鱗片状チーズは、風味、糸曳き性においても、従来のシュレッドチーズと変わらなかった。
【0024】
【実施例3】
115 ℃で15分間加熱殺菌した脱脂乳にラクトバチルス・ヘルベティカス(Lactobacillus helveticus) SBT-2171株 (FERM P-14381) を1%接種し、37℃で16時間培養し、乳酸菌スターターを培養した。
75 ℃で15秒間加熱殺菌した脂肪調整乳 (脂肪含有率 3.0重量%)1,500kgを80℃に加温し、乳酸菌スターター(CHR. HANSEN社製 :BD-CH-Normal-01 型)(実施例1と同じ乳酸菌混合物)0.02重量%、先に培養した乳酸菌スターター 1.0重量%およびレンネット(CHR. HANSEN社製 :70,000units/g) 0.003重量%を添加して緩やかに撹拌し、30℃で30分間静置してチーズカードを得た。得られたチーズカードを刃幅15mmのカードナイフでカッティングして20分間緩やかに撹拌し、生じたホエーの1/3 を排除した。その後直ちに、チーズカードとホエーの混合物を均等に5つのバットに移した。
チーズカードとホエーの各混合物をホエー排除から10分後に、最終到達温度が38℃となるように2分毎に1℃の割合で昇温するように調整しながら加温した。38℃の温度水準を維持しながら撹拌を続け、加温開始から90分経過した時点でホエーを全量排除し、チーズカードに対して食塩を1.7 重量%添加し、混合した。その後、チーズカードを直方形のモールドに移し、約 0.3kg/cm2の圧力下でプレス機を用いて2時間圧搾し、最終的に約15kgのチーズカードを得た。
各チーズカードを10℃で4、6、8、10、12ヶ月熟成させてブロック状チーズを得た。このブロック状チーズを−30℃で凍結し、3日間保存した。3日後に10℃で解凍して、凍結・解凍したブロック状チーズを得た。得られたブロック状チーズ2軸異方向回転型ニーダーを用い、20rpm で緩やかに混練し、クラッシュして鱗片状チーズを得た。そして、得られた鱗片状チーズの水分値および熟度を実施例1と同様の方法で測定した。
また、各チーズの鱗片状チーズの割合、および糸曳き性と風味の評価を実施例1と同様の方法で確認した。
【0025】
以上の結果を表3に示す。
【表3】
ラクトバチルス・ヘルベティカスはタンパク質分解活性が高いため、熟成の進行が早く、熟成期間が6ヶ月でも鱗片状チーズの割合が60%以上となり、風味も良好であった。
【0026】
【比較例1】
特開平10-52223号公報に記載の方法に基づき、加温温度45℃で未熟成チーズを調製した。この未熟成チーズを凍結・解凍後、実施例1と同様の方法で鱗片状チーズの割合を求めた。その結果、鱗片状チーズの割合は38%であり、本発明のチーズの基準である60%には及ばず、本発明のようなきめ細かい鱗片状チーズは得られなかった。
【0027】
【発明の効果】
本発明によると、一定の水分および熟度に調整したブロック状チーズを凍結・解凍することにより、クラッシュすることによって容易に鱗片状チーズとなるブロック状チーズを提供できる。このブロック状チーズは、細断機を用いず、手でほぐすなどで容易に鱗片状チーズとすることができる。
また、得られた鱗片状チーズは、特異的な形状を有し、風味、糸曳き性においては、従来のシュレッドチーズと何ら変らず、グラタン、ドリア、ピザ等のトッピング材として用いることができる。またブロック状チーズを自らほぐして食べるという面白さもある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明のブロック状チーズを示した模式図。
【図2】本発明のブロック状チーズをクラッシュした状態を示す模式図。
【図3】本発明のブロック状チーズをクラッシュして得られる鱗片状チーズを示す模式図。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a block cheese that becomes a scaly cheese and a method for producing the block cheese. The present invention also relates to scaly cheese.
The block-shaped cheese of the present invention can easily obtain scaly cheese by crashing by hand without using a shredder.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, the demand for natural cheese has increased with the westernization of eating habits. Natural cheese is eaten as it is or used as a topping material for gratin, doria, pizza, or the like. When natural cheese is used as a topping material for gratin, doria, pizza, etc., it is necessary to shred the block-shaped natural cheese into an appropriate shape and size. Recently, various forms of shred cheese are commercially available. It can be obtained according to the purpose of use.
[0003]
Although the shape of shred cheese is slightly different depending on the purpose of use, it is generally a thin and elongated strip. Commercially available shred cheese is obtained by cutting block-shaped semi-hard cheese such as Gouda cheese and Cheddar cheese into rough rectangular parallelepipeds, putting them into shredders, and shredding, but shredding cheese when shredding cheese Since the cheese is blocked when the container is filled or after automatic weighing, the cheese is blocked (the cheeses are bound together to form a block-like lump), so the mechanical suitability is poor. Moreover, since cheese blocked during storage, it had to be loosened by hand when used. Then, in order to prevent blocking of cheese, the powder of the dried dietary fiber is sprayed on the surface of shred cheese (Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-95921).
[0004]
Moreover, since super-hard cheeses such as Parmesan cheese are harder and more brittle than semi-hard cheeses such as Gouda cheese and Cheddar cheese, it is difficult to industrially shred them into strips. In addition, at home, these cheeses are used as granules using tools such as cheese liner and cheese grated.
[0005]
Therefore, as a method for producing small piece cheese without using a shredder or other shredder, for example, (1) lactic acid bacteria and milk coagulase are added to raw milk to produce cheese curd, and then the cheese obtained The curd is heated at 40 to 60 ° C., then frozen and thawed, and stirred to obtain a cheese curd grain, and then the cheese cheese grain obtained by ripening is obtained (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-52223). No.) and (2) cheese curd from raw milk, cut, kept warm until pH is 5.3 to 5.8, cooled to eliminate whey, and then aged without mold filling and pressing Discloses a technique relating to small piece natural cheese (JP 9-107881 A).
The technique of (1) is to mature granular cheese obtained by freezing and thawing unripened cheese (cheese curd), and the technique of (2) is to dry shredded cheese curd A small piece cheese is obtained by aging without mold filling and pressing.
In matured cheese prepared in this way, shredders or other shredders must be used to shred into small pieces, and to produce mature pieces, freeze the unripened cheese curd. After thawing, it was necessary to age.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
It is an object of the present invention to provide a block cheese that can be easily made into a scaly small piece by loosening it by hand or applying light pressure with a machine without using a shredder or the like shredder. To do.
[0007]
Hereinafter, in the present invention, the crush refers to breaking the cheese into pieces by breaking the block-shaped cheese by hand or applying a light pressure with a machine to make a scaly cheese.
In the present invention, the flaky cheese is a piece of cheese having a weight of about 0.005 to 1.5 g, a length of 5 to 30 mm, a width of 0.5 to 20 mm, and a thickness of about 0.5 to 2 mm. I mean. The shape of the scaly cheese refers to a scale-like shape, that is, a unique shape such as a flat circle, an ellipse or the like.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In light of the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors once frozen aged block cheese adjusted to have a specific moisture content and maturity, and then thawed to make the block cheese structure brittle. For example, it has been found that a scaly shape can be easily obtained by loosening by hand, and the present invention has been completed.
That is, the present invention relates to a block-shaped cheese that is obtained by freezing and thawing block cheese that has been aged by cutting cheese curd and excluding whey, and becomes a flaky cheese.
In addition, it is preferable to adjust so that the water | moisture content of scaly cheese may be 38 to 48 weight%, and a ripeness may be 30% or more.
Blocky cheese of the present invention, as one side 3cm cube, stress measurement device (Reona, manufactured by Yamaden Co., Ltd.) using a constant rate of 0.5 cm / sec with a flat plate plunger, under high at stress of 3 kg / cm 2 Compressed to a height of 70% of the height, it collapses into a flaky cheese.
In addition, the present invention adds a lactic acid bacteria starter to raw material milk, lactic acid ferments to make a cheese curd, cuts this cheese curd to eliminate whey, adjusts the moisture to 38 to 48% by weight, ripens and matures It is related with the manufacturing method of the said block cheese which age | cure | ripens to 30% or more, and freezes and thaws this.
Furthermore, this invention relates to the scale-like cheese which can be obtained by crushing the block-shaped cheese obtained in this way.
[0009]
Natural cheese can be obtained by cutting a cheese curd prepared from milk and pressing the resulting cheese curd grains one by one to form one block cheese curd, which is then aged. Normally, most of the moisture in cheese curd is present as bound water hydrated to casein, and this bound water does not turn into large ice crystals even when the cheese curd is frozen. However, when protein degradation proceeds by aging the cheese curd, the bound water hydrated to casein becomes free water and oozes out between the cheeses to form a cluster of free water. When the cheese is frozen in this state, free water becomes large ice crystals and the volume expands, so that the cheese structure is cracked and the cheese structure is easily dissociated. Then, by loosening the thawed cheese by hand or applying a light pressure with a machine, the cheese collapses into pieces and becomes small pieces, and scaly cheese is obtained.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The manufacturing method of the block cheese of this invention is shown below, and this invention is demonstrated in detail.
After adjusting the milk fat ratio to about 1 to 4% by weight according to a conventional method, heat pasteurization is performed at 63 ° C for about 30 minutes or 75 ° C for about 15 seconds, and then cooled to about 30 ° C and allowed to stand still. Put. By adding about 0.01 to 0.05% by weight of lactic acid bacteria and about 0.001 to 0.01% by weight of milk-clotting enzyme to the raw material milk treated in this way, and keeping it at 29 to 34 ° C. for about 30 minutes, the milk is coagulated and cheese Prepare the card.
[0011]
The raw material milk may be any milk as long as it is usually used in cheese production, and examples thereof include whole milk, fat-adjusted milk, reduced milk, concentrated milk, butter milk, cream or a mixture thereof.
As the lactic acid bacteria may be any lactic acid bacteria used as a normal starter cheese manufacture, for example, Streptococcus lactis (Streptococcus lactis), Streptococcus thermophilus (Streptococcus thermophilus), Streptococcus cremoris (Streptococcus cremoris), Lactobacillus -Bulgaricus (Lactobacillus bulgaricus ), Lactobacillus casei (Lactobacillus casei) , Lactobacillus helveticus (Lactobacillus helveticus ) etc. can be mentioned. In particular, Lactobacillus helveticus has a high proteolytic activity and promotes proteolysis in cheese. Therefore, bound water hydrated to casein in cheese is preferably free water.
The curdling enzyme may be any curding enzyme commonly used in cheese production, and examples include calf rennet, substitute rennet obtained from microorganisms or plants, and genetically modified products thereof. Can do.
[0012]
Next, the obtained cheese curd is cut so as to be a cube having a side of about 10 to 40 mm, for example, and the cheese curd synthesis (condensation) is promoted while gently stirring. By adjusting the size of the cheese curd at this time, the size of the scaly cheese finally obtained can be adjusted. That is, the size of the cheese curd may be increased when it is desired to make a larger piece of scaly cheese, and the size of the cheese curd may be reduced when it is desired to obtain a smaller piece of scaly cheese.
[0013]
Next, part of the whey produced during cheese curd cutting was eliminated, and the cheese curd was heated to 37-39 ° C while continuing to stir. When about 90 minutes had passed since the start of heating, the entire amount of whey was eliminated. To do. When the heating temperature is high, the syneresis of the cheese curd proceeds excessively and the moisture content in the cheese becomes too low, which is not preferable.
Next, the cheese curd (pH 5.2-6.2) was salted with salt or saline so that it would be 1 to 2% by weight, and left for about 10-30 minutes at 35 ° C. After molding, press using a pressing machine such as a pressure mold, self-weight mold, vacuum mold, etc., once cooled to about 5 ° C, and until 6-15 months until the ripeness of cheese reaches 30% or more at 5-15 ° C Aged for one year.
[0014]
Furthermore, after freezing the cheese having a water content of 38 to 48% by weight and a maturity of 30% or more, the cheese structure becomes brittle by freezing, for example, by loosening it by hand. Blocked cheese that can crash can be obtained. In addition, freezing may be performed by either slow freezing or quick freezing, and is preferably performed at −5 ° C. or lower. A temperature higher than −5 ° C. is not preferable because cheese is not completely frozen. Further, thawing is preferably performed at 0 to 20 ° C., and an oil-off occurs at a temperature higher than 20 ° C., which is not preferable.
In order to obtain the flaky cheese from the block cheese of the present invention, it may be loosened by hand, for example, using a kneading machine such as a biaxially different rotating kneader and rotating the screw so that the flaky cheese is not destroyed. It is good also as a flaky cheese by gently stirring as the number is about 10 to 100 rpm and applying pressure.
The block cheese of this invention is shown in FIG. 1, and the state which crashed this is shown in FIG. Furthermore, the flaky cheese obtained by crashing is shown in FIG.
[0015]
As described above, the scaly cheese of the present invention is obtained due to the moisture and ripeness of the block cheese. Therefore, the moisture and ripeness of cheese are important factors. In the present invention, it is preferable that the moisture of cheese before freezing is 38 to 48% by weight and the ripeness is 30% or more. If the water content is less than 38% by weight, the expansion of water due to freezing becomes insufficient, and scaly small pieces cannot be obtained, which is not preferable. If the maturity is less than 30%, the casein has sufficient water-retaining ability, so free water clusters do not form in the cheese, and even if it is frozen and thawed, it can be easily broken into scales by hand. It is not preferable because it does not become a cheese.
[0016]
The measurement of the maturity in the present invention can be performed as follows.
Weigh 10 g of cheese, add 40 ml of 0.5 M sodium citrate solution, and then add 40 ml of 60 ° C hot water. Add water to the cheese solution to make a total volume of 200 ml. The nitrogen content of this sample solution is measured by the Kjeldahl method to obtain the total nitrogen content in the cheese. On the other hand, a certain amount of sample solution is taken and adjusted to pH 4.4 with 1N hydrochloric acid. The precipitate is separated by filtration, and the amount of nitrogen in the filtrate is measured by the Kjeldahl method, which is used as the amount of nitrogen in the soluble fraction. The maturity was calculated by the following formula based on these measured values.
Ripeness (%) = [nitrogen content in soluble fraction / total nitrogen content in cheese] × 100
[0017]
Moreover, the block cheese manufactured as mentioned above may be filled in a gas barrier film, gas-packed with an inert gas such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide, and stored. The gas barrier film is not particularly limited, but aluminum foil, aluminum vapor-deposited film, polyvinylidene chloride, ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer, and polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride or polystyrene. And the like. Among these, a nylon film coated with polyvinylidene chloride is preferable.
In addition, scaly cheese obtained by crushing block cheese may be eaten as it is, or may be used as a topping material such as gratin, doria, pizza, pasta, etc., and further grated or ground It can be made fine and used as powdered cheese.
[0018]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example is shown and this invention is demonstrated, this invention is not limited to these.
[Example 1]
1,500 kg of fat-adjusted milk (fat content 3.0% by weight) sterilized by heating at 75 ° C for 15 seconds is heated to 30 ° C, and lactic acid bacteria starter (CHR.HANSEN: BD-CH-Normal-01 type) (Lactococcus)・ Lactis subspecies Cremolis, Lactococcus lactis subspecies diaceticulactis, Leuconostok ・ Mecentroides subspecies cremolith 0.02% by weight and Rennet (CHR.HANSEN: 70,000units / g ) 0.003% by weight was added and stirred gently, and allowed to stand at 30 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a cheese curd. The resulting cheese curd was cut with a curd knife with a blade width of 15 mm and gently stirred for 20 minutes to eliminate 1/3 of the resulting whey. Immediately thereafter, the cheese curd and whey mixture was evenly transferred to five batts.
Each mixture of cheese curd and whey is heated at a rate of 1 ° C. every 2 minutes so that the final reached temperatures are 36 ° C., 38 ° C., 40 ° C., 42 ° C. and 45 ° C., respectively, 10 minutes after whey elimination It was heated while adjusting. Stirring was continued while maintaining this at each temperature level, and when 90 minutes had elapsed since the start of heating, the entire amount of whey was eliminated, and 1.7% by weight of salt was added to the cheese curd and mixed. Thereafter, the cheese curd was transferred to a rectangular mold and was pressed for 2 hours using a press machine under a pressure of about 0.3 kg / cm 2 to finally obtain about 15 kg of cheese curd.
Each cheese curd was put in a vinyl film, vacuum packaged, and aged at 10 ° C. for 8 months. It was confirmed that the maturity was 30% or more, and block cheese was obtained. This block cheese was frozen at −30 ° C. and stored for 3 days. Three days later, it was thawed at 10 ° C. to obtain freeze-thawed block cheese. The resulting block cheese was gently kneaded at 20 rpm using a biaxially rotating kneader, and crashed to obtain scaly cheese. And the moisture value, ripeness, and pH of the obtained scaly cheese were measured.
[0019]
Moreover, in order to confirm the strength at the time of crash of each cheese and the ratio of the scale-like cheese to produce | generate, each block-shaped cheese was made into the cube whose one side is 3 cm, frozen at -20 degreeC, and thawed at 10 degreeC. Using a stress measuring device (Leoner, manufactured by Yamaden), the thawed cheese is compressed with a flat plunger at a constant speed of 0.5 cm / sec to a height of about 70% of the original cheese height. Of the pieces of cheese that have collapsed, select a flaky cheese having a length of 5 to 30 mm, a width of 5 to 20 mm, and a thickness of 0.5 to 2 mm, measure its weight, and The ratio (% by weight) was determined. The measurement was performed 5 times, and the average value was obtained.
[0020]
Furthermore, evaluation of stringing property and sensory evaluation of flavor were performed.
For evaluation of stringiness, put 15 g of flaky cheese in a petri dish, heat in a microwave oven (1300 W, manufactured by Sharp Corporation) for 25 seconds, and use the stringer testing machine (manufactured by Fuji Machine Co., Ltd.) The length of stringing was measured when it was pulled up at 9 cm / second. The measurement was performed 5 times, and the average value (rounded to the second decimal place) was calculated.
Similarly, the stringing property of the conventional shred cheese was measured and found to be 30.3 cm.
For sensory evaluation, 10g of flaky cheese was placed on a 5x5x1cm bread, baked for 3 minutes in an oven toaster (620W, manufactured by Toshiba), and this was eaten by 10 skilled panelists. The cheese flavor was compared with that obtained by placing and baking the conventional shred cheese. Evaluation criteria were as follows: cheese flavor is better than conventional shred cheese: 5 points, slightly better: 4 points, almost the same: 3 points, slightly inferior: 2 points, inferior: 1 point.
[0021]
The results are shown in Table 1.
[Table 1]
For cheese with a moisture content of 38% or more, the percentage of scaly cheese after a crash was 60% or more.
Moreover, the obtained scaly cheese was not different from the conventional shred cheese in flavor and stringiness.
[0022]
[Example 2]
1,500 kg of fat-adjusted milk (fat content 3.0% by weight) sterilized at 75 ° C for 15 seconds, heated to 30 ° C, and lactic acid bacteria starter (CHR.HANSEN: BD-CH-Normal-01 type) The same mixture of lactic acid bacteria as in Example 1) 0.02% by weight and Rennet (CHR.HANSEN: 70,000 units / g) 0.003% by weight were added and stirred gently, and left at 30 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a cheese curd. It was. The resulting cheese curd was then cut with a curd knife with a blade width of 15 mm and gently stirred for 20 minutes to eliminate 1/3 of the resulting whey. Immediately thereafter, the cheese curd and whey mixture was evenly transferred to five batts.
Each mixture of cheese curd and whey was heated while adjusting so that the temperature reached 1 ° C. every 2 minutes so that the final temperature reached 38 ° C. 10 minutes after the whey was removed. Stirring was continued while maintaining a temperature level of 38 ° C., and when 90 minutes had elapsed since the start of heating, the entire amount of whey was eliminated, and 1.7% by weight of sodium chloride was added to the cheese curd and mixed. Thereafter, the cheese curd was transferred to a rectangular mold and was pressed for 2 hours using a press machine under a pressure of about 0.3 kg / cm 2 to finally obtain about 15 kg of cheese curd.
Each cheese curd was put in a vinyl film, vacuum-packed, and aged for 6, 8, 10, 12, and 15 months at 10 ° C. to obtain block cheese. This was frozen at −30 ° C. and stored for 3 days. Three days later, thawed at 10 ° C. to obtain frozen and thawed block cheese. The obtained block-shaped cheese was gently kneaded at 20 rpm using a biaxially opposite-direction rotating kneader, and crushed to obtain scaly cheese. And the moisture value, ripeness, and pH of the obtained flaky cheese were measured by the same method as Example 1.
Moreover, the ratio of each scaly cheese of each cheese, and evaluation of stringing property and flavor were confirmed by the same method as in Example 1.
[0023]
The results are shown in Table 2.
[Table 2]
When the maturity was 30% or more, the ratio of the flaky cheese after the crash was 60% or more.
Moreover, the obtained scaly cheese was not different from the conventional shred cheese in flavor and stringiness.
[0024]
[Example 3]
1% of Lactobacillus helveticus SBT-2171 strain (FERM P-14381) was inoculated into skim milk pasteurized by heating at 115 ° C. for 15 minutes, and cultured at 37 ° C. for 16 hours to culture a lactic acid bacteria starter.
1,500 kg of fat-adjusted milk (fat content 3.0% by weight) sterilized by heating at 75 ° C for 15 seconds, heated to 80 ° C, and lactic acid bacteria starter (CHR. HANSEN: BD-CH-Normal-01 type) (Example) The same mixture of lactic acid bacteria as in 1) 0.02% by weight, 1.0% by weight of the previously cultured lactic acid bacteria starter and rennet (CHR. HANSEN: 70,000units / g) 0.003% by weight, and gently agitate at 30 ° C for 30 The cheese curd was obtained after standing for a minute. The obtained cheese curd was cut with a card knife with a blade width of 15 mm and gently stirred for 20 minutes to eliminate 1/3 of the generated whey. Immediately thereafter, the cheese curd and whey mixture was evenly transferred to five bats.
Each mixture of cheese curd and whey was heated while adjusting so that the temperature reached 1 ° C. every 2 minutes so that the final temperature reached 38 ° C. 10 minutes after the whey was removed. Stirring was continued while maintaining a temperature level of 38 ° C., and 90 minutes after the start of heating, the whole amount of whey was removed, and 1.7% by weight of sodium chloride was added to the cheese curd and mixed. Thereafter, the cheese curd was transferred to a rectangular mold and was pressed for 2 hours using a press machine under a pressure of about 0.3 kg / cm 2 to finally obtain about 15 kg of cheese curd.
Each cheese curd was aged for 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 months at 10 ° C. to obtain block cheese. This block cheese was frozen at −30 ° C. and stored for 3 days. Three days later, thawed at 10 ° C. to obtain frozen and thawed block cheese. Using the obtained block-shaped cheese biaxial opposite direction rotation type kneader, it kneaded gently at 20 rpm, and crashed to obtain a flaky cheese. And the moisture value and ripeness of the obtained scaly cheese were measured by the same method as Example 1.
Moreover, the ratio of each scaly cheese of each cheese, and evaluation of stringing property and flavor were confirmed by the same method as in Example 1.
[0025]
The results are shown in Table 3.
[Table 3]
Since Lactobacillus helveticus has high proteolytic activity, the ripening progressed quickly, and even when the ripening period was 6 months, the ratio of the flaky cheese was 60% or more, and the flavor was also good.
[0026]
[Comparative Example 1]
Based on the method described in JP-A-10-52223, unripe cheese was prepared at a heating temperature of 45 ° C. After this immature cheese was frozen and thawed, the ratio of scaly cheese was determined in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the ratio of the flaky cheese was 38%, which was less than 60% which is the standard of the cheese of the present invention, and the fine flaky cheese as in the present invention was not obtained.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, by freezing and thawing the block-shaped cheese adjusted to a certain moisture and ripeness, it is possible to provide a block-shaped cheese that easily becomes scaly cheese by crashing. This block cheese can be easily made into scaly cheese by loosening it by hand without using a shredder.
Moreover, the obtained scaly cheese has a specific shape, and it can be used as a topping material for gratin, doria, pizza, etc., with no difference in flavor and stringiness from conventional shred cheese. There is also the fun of loosening and eating block cheese.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a block cheese of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a state in which the block cheese according to the present invention is crashed.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing scaly cheese obtained by crushing the block cheese of the present invention.
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2000095785A JP4227282B2 (en) | 2000-03-30 | 2000-03-30 | Cheese and method for producing the same |
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| JP2000095785A JP4227282B2 (en) | 2000-03-30 | 2000-03-30 | Cheese and method for producing the same |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| JP2001275563A JP2001275563A (en) | 2001-10-09 |
| JP4227282B2 true JP4227282B2 (en) | 2009-02-18 |
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| JP5283909B2 (en) * | 2008-01-09 | 2013-09-04 | 雪印メグミルク株式会社 | Cheese-like food and method for producing the same |
| JP2009296972A (en) * | 2008-06-16 | 2009-12-24 | Snow Brand Milk Prod Co Ltd | Enzyme modified cheese, and method for producing the same |
| WO2010008056A1 (en) * | 2008-07-17 | 2010-01-21 | 明治乳業株式会社 | Cheese and method for producing the same |
| CN102695423B (en) * | 2010-01-15 | 2015-06-03 | 株式会社明治 | Cheese and method for producing same |
| FI126372B (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2016-10-31 | Valio Oy | Cheese and process for making it |
| JP7663334B2 (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2025-04-16 | 雪印メグミルク株式会社 | Processed cheese and its manufacturing method |
| JP2023057700A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2023-04-24 | 雪印メグミルク株式会社 | Processed cheese and method for producing the same |
| CN115039815A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-09-13 | 上海妙可蓝多生物技术研发有限公司 | Frozen processed cheese product and its preparation method and device |
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