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JP4231990B2 - Rare earth oxide spray particles and method for producing the same, thermal spray member and corrosion resistant member - Google Patents
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JP4231990B2 - Rare earth oxide spray particles and method for producing the same, thermal spray member and corrosion resistant member - Google Patents

Rare earth oxide spray particles and method for producing the same, thermal spray member and corrosion resistant member Download PDF

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JP4231990B2
JP4231990B2 JP2002078211A JP2002078211A JP4231990B2 JP 4231990 B2 JP4231990 B2 JP 4231990B2 JP 2002078211 A JP2002078211 A JP 2002078211A JP 2002078211 A JP2002078211 A JP 2002078211A JP 4231990 B2 JP4231990 B2 JP 4231990B2
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rare earth
particles
spraying
earth oxide
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JP2002348653A (en
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康 高井
孝雄 前田
敏彦 塚谷
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Shin Etsu Chemical Co Ltd
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Shin Etsu Chemical Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、金属、セラミックス等の基材表面にプラズマ溶射等を用いて希土類酸化物溶射被膜を形成した際に、密着性が高く、しかも平滑で高純度の溶射被膜を形成できる希土類酸化物溶射用粒子、その製造方法、およびこの溶射用粒子からなる被膜を有する溶射部材、ならびにこの溶射部材を用いてなる耐食性部材に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術および発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来から、金属、セラミックス等に金属酸化物を溶射することにより被膜を形成し、耐熱性、耐磨耗性、耐食性を付与することが行なわれている。
このような溶射被膜を形成するための溶射用粒子の製造方法として、(1)原料を電気炉で溶融し、冷却凝固後、粉砕機で微粉化し、その後分級することにより粒度調整を行って溶融粉砕粉を得る方法、(2)原料を焼結後、粉砕機で微粉化し、その後分級することにより粒度調整を行って焼結粉砕粉を得る方法、(3)原料粉末を有機バインダーに加えてスラリー化し、噴霧乾燥型造粒機を用いて造粒後、焼成し、場合によっては分級することにより粒度調整を行って造粒粉を得る方法、等が挙げられる。
【0003】
また、上記溶射用粒子に求められる特性として、▲1▼溶射時のプラズマ炎またはフレーム炎まで材料が安定、かつ、定量的に供給できること、▲2▼供給時および溶射時に(プラズマ炎またはフレーム炎中で)粒子形状が崩れないこと、▲3▼溶射時に(プラズマ炎またはフレーム炎中で)粒子が完全に溶融すること、が要求され、これら各特性は、十数項目からなる粉体物性値で定量的に表現される。
【0004】
ところで、上記溶射用粒子の供給は搬送チューブ等の細い流路を介して溶射ガンまで供給されることから、安定的かつ定量的に供給を行えるか否かは、溶射用粒子の粉体物性中、流動性にかなり影響されることとなる。
しかしながら、上記(1)、(2)の方法で得られる溶融粉砕粉や、焼結粉砕粉は、形状が不定形であるうえ、粒度分布が広いため、搬送中の粒子同士の摩擦により微粒子が発生するとともに、安息角が大きく流動性が悪いので、搬送チューブや溶射ガン内で閉塞等が生じ、連続的に溶射できない等の問題があった。
【0005】
これら各粉砕粉の問題点を解決するものとして、上記(3)の方法で得られる造粒粉、すなわち、球形または球に近い形状であるため流動性が良いという特徴を有する造粒粉、が開発されてきている。
この造粒粉の粉体強度は、原料とする粒子の粒度分布と、焼結工程の条件とによって決まるものであるため、粉体強度にばらつきが生じやすく、強度が低いものは、供給時および溶射時に(フレーム炎またはプラズマ炎中で)崩れ易いという問題があった。
【0006】
一方、金属酸化物からなる溶射用粒子を溶射する場合、密着強度に優れた溶射被膜を形成するためには、溶射時にフレーム炎またはプラズマ炎中で溶射用粒子を完全に溶融させる必要がある。特に、希土類酸化物を用いる場合には、融点が高いので、完全に溶融させるためには平均粒径の小さい溶射用粒子を用いる必要がある。
しかしながら、噴霧乾燥型造粒機を用いた造粒粉の場合、平均粒径20μm以下にするのは難しく、一方、溶融粉砕粉や焼結粉砕粉の場合、粉砕することで平均粒径が小さい溶射材料が得られるものの、粉砕機等からの汚染があるため、通常の粒子では数十ppm程度の不純物の混入を避けることができなかった。
【0007】
このように、上述した溶融粉砕粉、焼結粉砕粉、造粒粉には、それぞれ長所、短所があるため、希土類酸化物の溶射材料として必ずしも最適なものとはいえなかった。しかも、3種類の粉体全てにおいて、粉砕工程、造粒工程、分級工程からの汚染があるため、高純度化という点でも問題となっていた。
すなわち、上記各工程を経て得られる溶融粉砕粉、焼結粉砕粉、造粒粉では、鉄族元素、アルカリ金属元素、アルカリ土類金属元素等の不純物が、通常、20ppm以上混入しているため、当該溶射用粒子を溶射してなる被膜を有する溶射部材が不純物部分から腐食を起こしやすく、十分な耐久性が得られないという問題もあった。
【0008】
本発明は、このような事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、高融点の希土類酸化物を用いても密着性の高い溶射被膜を形成できるとともに、純度の高い希土類酸化物溶射用粒子、その製造方法、および当該溶射用粒子を基材表面に溶射してなる溶射部材、ならびに当該溶射部材を用いた耐食性部材を提供することを目的とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段および発明の実施の形態】
本発明者らは、上記目的を達成するために鋭意検討を行った結果、希土類酸化物溶射用粉末において、平均粒径、分散指数、およびアスペクト比を所定の値にすること、さらに必要に応じて比表面積、嵩密度、結晶子、ならびに鉄族、アルカリ金属およびアルカリ土類金属元素の総量を所定範囲に制御することで、流動性がよく、緻密かつ高強度であり、溶射時に崩壊せずに完全に溶解する可能性があることを見いだすとともに、当該溶射用粒子を溶射してなる被膜が、従来の溶射被膜に比べて平滑で高純度になり、密着性および耐食性に優れることを見いだし、本発明を完成した。
【0010】
すなわち、本発明は、以下の発明を提供する。
平均粒径が3〜20μm、分散指数が0.4以下、アスペクト比が2以下で、嵩密度が真密度の30〜50%であることを特徴とする希土類酸化物溶射用粒子。
比表面積が0.3〜1.0m2/gであることを特徴とする)記載の希土類酸化物溶射用粒子。
(3)結晶子が25nm以上であることを特徴とする)または(2)記載の希土類酸化物溶射用粒子。
(4)鉄族元素、アルカリ金属元素、およびアルカリ土類金属元素の総量が20ppm以下であることを特徴とする乃至(3)のいずれかに記載の希土類酸化物溶射用粒子。
(5)基材と、この基材表面に乃至(4)のいずれかに記載の希土類酸化物溶射用粒子を溶射してなる被膜と、を備えることを特徴とする溶射部材。
(6)(5)に記載の溶射部材を用いることを特徴とする耐食性部材。
(7)希土類水溶液と蓚酸水溶液とを、蓚酸イオンの量として希土類総量に対して1.5〜2.0モルで混合し、−5〜20℃で晶析して、平均粒径3〜20μmの希土類蓚酸塩を製造し、これを−20〜80℃で乾燥した後、大気中で800〜1,700℃で1〜6時間焼成して、平均粒径が3〜20μm、分散指数が0.4以下、アスペクト比が2以下で、嵩密度が真密度の30〜50%である希土類酸化物溶射用粒子を得ることを特徴とする希土類酸化物溶射用粒子の製造方法。
【0011】
以下、本発明について更に詳しく説明する。
本発明における希土類酸化物としては、イットリウム(Y)を含む3A族の希土類元素のうちから1種以上を用いることができる。
なお、上記希土類酸化物とAl、Si、Zr、In等から選ばれる1種以上の金属との複合酸化物を用いてもよい。
また、希土類酸化物溶射用粒子の平均粒径は3〜20μmであり、特に7〜16μmが好ましい。平均粒径が3μm未満では、溶射時のプラズマ炎等の中で蒸発、飛散してしまい、その分だけロスが生じるという問題がある。一方、平均粒径が20μmを超えると、溶射時のプラズマ炎等の中で完全に溶融されずに溶け残り、それが未融着粉となって、密着強度の低下を招くこととなる。
なお、上記平均粒径とは、レーザー回折法で測定した粒度分布のD50の値である。
【0012】
本発明の希土類酸化物溶融粒子は、球または球に近い形状を有するとともに、粒度分布の狭いものである。
具体的には、分散指数が0.4以下、アスペクト比が2以下の粒子である。
ここで、分散指数が0.4を超えると、粒度分布がブロードになり、流動性が悪化し、粉体供給時にノズル内で閉塞等を生じることとなる。より好ましい分散指数は0.3以下である。
なお、分散指数とは、下記式で定義されるものである。
分散指数 = (D90−D10)/(D90+D10)
上式において、D10は10重量%での粒径を、D90は90重量%での粒径を示し、ともにレーザー回折法での測定値である。
【0013】
また、上記アスペクト比は、粒子の長径と短径との比、すなわち、長径/短径で表され、形状が球に近いか否かを表す指標となるものである。
ここで、アスペクト比が2を超えると、形状が球からかけ離れたものとなり、流動性が悪化することとなる。この場合、アスペクト比の下限値は、特に限定されないが、1により近いものが好ましい。
【0014】
以上において、希土類酸化物溶射用粒子の比表面積が0.3〜1.0m2/gであることが好ましく、より好ましくは、0.3〜0.8m2/gである。
ここで、比表面積が1.0m2/gを超える場合、表面平滑性が悪化し、流動性が低下する虞がある。
また、嵩密度が真密度の30〜50%であることが好ましい。嵩密度が真密度の30%未満では、粒子が緻密ではないために強度が弱くなりがちであり、溶射時に崩壊する虞がある。なお、粒子がどんなに緻密な場合でも、嵩密度が真密度の50%を超えるものは、ほとんど見られない。
【0015】
ところで、単結晶粒子は最も緻密であり、多結晶粒子でも粒子を構成する単結晶粒子の粒径が大きいほど緻密であると考えられる。このような粒子を構成する単結晶粒子の粒径を結晶子といい、上記希土類酸化物溶射用粒子において、当該結晶子が25nm以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは、50nm以上である。結晶子が25nm未満の場合、単結晶粒子の粒径が小さい多結晶粒子であるため、緻密とはいえない場合が多いと考えられる。
なお、結晶子はX線回折のwilson法から求めた値であり、このwilson法では、単結晶粒子の粒径が最大でも100nm以下になる。
【0016】
また、上記希土類酸化物溶射用粒子は、当該溶射用粒子を溶射してなる被膜を有する溶射部材に十分な耐食性を付与することを考慮すると、鉄族元素(Fe,Ni,Co等)、アルカリ金属元素(Na,K等)、およびアルカリ土類金属元素(Mg,Ca等)の総量が20ppm以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは、15ppm以下、特に5ppm以下であることが好ましい。これらの各金属元素の総量は、少なければ少ないほど好ましいものであるが、通常、その下限値は0.1ppm程度である。
なお、鉄族元素、アルカリ金属元素、アルカリ土類金属元素の測定は、上記希土類酸化物溶射用粒子を酸分解した後、ICP分光分析(誘導結合高周波プラズマ分光分析)で測定したものである。
【0017】
上記希土類酸化物溶射用粒子の製造方法は、以下のような方法を用いることが好ましい。
まず、希土類水溶液(塩化物、硝酸塩、硫酸塩等の水溶性塩の水溶液)と蓚酸水溶液とを、蓚酸イオンの量として希土類総量に対して1.5〜2.0モルで混合し、−5〜20℃の低温で晶析することで、形状が球に近い平均粒径3〜20μmの希土類蓚酸塩を製造する。続いて、得られた希土類蓚酸塩を凍結乾燥機等で−20〜80℃で乾燥した後、大気中で800〜1,700℃、より好ましくは1,200〜1,600℃、1〜6時間、より好ましくは2〜4時間で焼成することにより希土類酸化物溶射用粒子を得る。
【0018】
ここで、希土類総量が多過ぎる(蓚酸イオン量が1.5モル未満)場合、希土類が完全に沈殿しないため収率が悪くなる。一方、希土類総量が少なすぎる(蓚酸イオン量が2.0モルを超える)場合、蓚酸が多すぎて経済的ではない。すなわち、希土類総量に対して蓚酸イオン量を上記範囲にすることで、良好な球状粒子を収率よく得ることができる。
上記製造方法は、造粒工程および/または粉砕工程を必要としないため、副材料や機器からの汚染物質の混入が少なく、その結果、鉄族元素(Fe,Ni,Co等)、アルカリ金属元素(Na,K等)、アルカリ土類金属元素(Mg,Ca等)が20ppm以下の高純度な溶射用球状粒子を得やすいという特徴を有する。
【0019】
以上説明したように、本発明に係る溶射用球状粒子は、流動性がよく、搬送チューブ内等で詰まることがないため、安定的かつ連続的に供給でき、しかも、緻密で強度が高いため、溶射時のプラズマ炎中で崩れることがないという特徴を有する。さらに、平均粒径が小さいので、溶射時のプラズマ炎中で完全に溶融する可能性があるとともに、高純度かつほぼ球状であるので、当該溶射用粒子からなる被膜の密着強度が高くすることができ、しかも、被膜の表面粗さを細かく(60μm以下)制御することができる。
【0020】
本発明に係る溶射部材は、基材と、この基材表面に上述の希土類酸化物溶射用粒子を溶射してなる被膜と、を備えることを特徴とする。
ここで、基材としては、特に限定はなく、Al、Fe、Si、Cr、Zn、ZrもしくはNiを主成分とする金属、合金、セラミックス(金属窒化物、金属炭化物、金属酸化物(例えば、アルミナ、窒化アルミニウム、窒化珪素、炭化珪素等))、ガラス(石英ガラス等)等を用いることができるが、セラミックス、ガラスを基材に用いた場合、被膜の密着力が弱くなるため、Si、Al、FeもしくはNiを主成分とする金属、または合金を基材とすることが好ましい。
【0021】
上記基材表面の被膜の厚さは50〜500μmが好ましく、より好ましくは、150〜300μmである。被膜の厚さが50μm未満であると、当該被膜を有する溶射部材を耐食性部材として使用する場合、わずかの腐食で交換する必要が生じる虞がある。一方、被膜の厚さが500μmを超えると、厚すぎて被膜内部での剥離が生じやすくなる虞がある。
また、被膜の表面粗さが60μm以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは20μm以下である。表面粗さが60μmを超えると、プラズマ接触面積が大きくなるため、耐食性が悪くなる虞があり、腐食の進行によりパーティクルが発生する虞がある。
すなわち、被膜の表面粗さを60μm以下とすることで、良好な耐食性が得られる。したがって、腐食性ガス(ハロゲン系ガスプラズマ等)雰囲気下においても腐食が起こりにくく、当該溶射部材を耐食性部材として好適に使用することができる。
【0022】
本発明の溶射部材は、基材表面に、上述の希土類酸化物溶射用粒子をプラズマ溶射または減圧プラズマ溶射等にて被膜を形成することで得ることができる。ここで、プラズマガスとしては、特に限定されるものではなく、窒素/水素、アルゴン/水素、アルゴン/ヘリウム、アルゴン/窒素等を用いることができる。
なお、溶射条件等については、特に限定はなく、基材、希土類酸化物溶射用粒子等の具体的材質、得られる溶射部材の用途等に応じて適宜設定すればよい。
【0023】
本発明の溶射部材においても、被膜中の鉄族元素、アルカリ金属元素、アルカリ土類金属元素の総量が20ppm以下であることが好ましいが、これは上述した各金属元素の総量が20ppm以下の希土類酸化物溶射用粒子を用いて被膜を形成することで達成できる。
すなわち、鉄族元素、アルカリ金属元素、アルカリ土類金属元素が20ppm以上混入している溶射用粒子を用いて被膜を形成した場合、被膜には溶射用粒子に混入しているだけの鉄族元素、アルカリ金属元素、アルカリ土類金属元素がそのまま混入することになるが、上記希土類酸化物溶射用粒子を用いることで、このような問題は生じないこととなる。
【0024】
また、被膜中における上記各金属元素の総量が20ppm以下であれば、汚染が少ないため、当該溶射部材を高純度であることが要求される装置にも問題なく使用することができる。具体的には、液晶製造装置用部材および半導体製造装置用部材等として好適に使用することができる。
【0025】
【実施例】
以下、実施例および比較例を挙げて、本発明をより具体的に説明するが、本発明は、下記の実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0026】
[実施例1]
3℃に冷却した硝酸イットリウム溶液(0.3mol/L)30Lを200rpmの回転数で攪拌しながら、この中に蓚酸溶液(0.5mol/L)30Lを、約5分かけて添加して反応させた。この溶液を3℃に保ったまま10分熟成した後、生成した蓚酸イットリウムをろ取、水洗後、−10℃で6時間凍結し、その後20℃で24時間真空乾燥した。続いて、凍結乾燥した蓚酸イットリウムを大気中1,500℃で、2時間焼成し、酸化イットリウム990gを得た。得られた酸化イットリウムの粒径、結晶子等の各物性値について測定した結果を表1に示す。なお、酸化イットリウムの真密度として、5.03g/cm3を使用した。
この酸化イットリウム粒子をアルゴン/水素でプラズマ溶射し、基材であるアルミニウム合金基板(JIS H4000に記載のNo.6061)上に膜厚210μmの被膜を形成した。形成した被膜の物性値について測定した結果を表2に示す。
なお、表2において、表面粗さRaはJIS B0601に準拠した方法により測定した。また、耐食性は、部材をRIE(反応性イオンエッチング)装置を用いて、CF4プラズマ中で24時間の暴露試験を行うことにより測定し、試験前の部材重量に対する試験後の部材重量の百分率として算出した。
【0027】
[実施例2]
硝酸イットリウムの代わりに硝酸エルビウムを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、酸化エルビウム1,680gを得た。得られた酸化エルビウムの粒径、結晶子等の各物性値について測定した結果を表1に示す。なお、酸化エルビウムの真密度として8.64g/cm3を使用した。
この酸化エルビウム粒子をアルゴン/水素でプラズマ溶射し、基材であるシリコン基板上に膜厚250μmの被膜を形成した。形成した被膜の物性値および耐食性について測定した結果を表2に示す。
【0028】
[比較例1]
PVA(ポリビニルアルコール)15gを溶かした純水15リットルに、平均粒子径1.2μmの酸化イットリウム5kgを分散させてスラリーを作製し、流体ノズル噴霧型造粒機でこのスラリーを噴霧乾燥させて造粒粉を作製した。さらに、この造粒粉を1,600℃で2時間焼成して溶射用粒子とした。
上記、造粒工程によって得られた酸化イットリウムの粒径、結晶子等の各物性値について測定した結果を表1に示す。
さらに、この酸化イットリウム溶射用粒子をアルゴン/水素でプラズマ溶射し、基材であるアルミニウム合金基板上に膜厚250μmになるように被膜を形成した。形成した被膜の物性値および耐食性について測定した結果を表2に示す。
【0029】
【表1】

Figure 0004231990
【0030】
【表2】
Figure 0004231990
【0031】
表1に示されるように、実施例1、2で得られた希土類酸化物溶射用粒子は、平均粒径が20μm以下で、かつ、分散指数が0.3以下と小さく、CaO、Fe23、Na2O等の不純物が少なく高純度であり、嵩密度が高く緻密であることがわかる。これに対して、比較例1で得られた希土類酸化物溶射用粒子は、分散指数が0.5と大きく、Fe23、Na2O等の不純物があり、嵩密度も小さいことがわかる。
【0032】
また、表2に示されるように、実施例1、2の希土類酸化物溶射用粒子からなる被膜は、CaO、Fe23、Na2O等の不純物が少なく、高純度が必要とされる用途、例えば、液晶製造装置用部材および半導体製造装置用部材に適していることがわかる。しかも、表面粗さが細かく、腐食性ガス雰囲気(例えばハロゲン系ガスプラズマ)に対する耐食性部材として適していることもわかる。
これに対して、比較例1の溶射用粒子からなる被膜は、溶射用粒子に混入している量の鉄族元素、アルカリ金属元素、アルカリ土類金属元素がそのまま混入しており、しかも、表面粗さも73μmと粗いことがわかる。
【0033】
【発明の効果】
以上に述べたように、本発明の希土類酸化物溶射用球状粒子は、平均粒径が3〜20μm、分散指数が0.4以下、アスペクト比が2以下であるため、安定的かつ連続的に供給でき、しかも、溶射時のプラズマ炎中で完全に溶融する可能性があるので、当該溶射用粒子からなる被膜と被溶射材との密着強度を高くすることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a rare earth oxide sprayed coating that can form a smooth, high-purity sprayed coating with high adhesion when a rare earth oxide sprayed coating is formed on the surface of a substrate such as metal or ceramic using plasma spraying or the like. The present invention relates to a thermal spray particle, a manufacturing method thereof , a thermal spray member having a coating composed of the thermal spray particles, and a corrosion-resistant member using the thermal spray member.
[0002]
[Background Art and Problems to be Solved by the Invention]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a coating is formed by spraying a metal oxide on metal, ceramics or the like to impart heat resistance, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance.
As a manufacturing method of the particles for thermal spraying for forming such a thermal spray coating, (1) The raw material is melted in an electric furnace, cooled and solidified, and then pulverized by a pulverizer, and then classified to adjust the particle size. A method of obtaining pulverized powder, (2) A method of obtaining a sintered pulverized powder by adjusting the particle size by pulverizing with a pulverizer after the raw material is sintered, and then classifying, (3) Adding the raw material powder to an organic binder Examples thereof include a method of obtaining a granulated powder by adjusting the particle size by slurrying, granulating using a spray-drying type granulator, firing, and optionally classifying.
[0003]
Further, the characteristics required for the above-mentioned particles for thermal spraying are as follows: (1) the material can be stably and quantitatively supplied up to the plasma flame or flame flame at the time of thermal spraying; (2) at the time of supply and thermal spraying (plasma flame or flame flame) (3) It is required that the particle shape does not collapse, and (3) the particles must be completely melted during spraying (in plasma flame or flame flame). Is expressed quantitatively.
[0004]
By the way, since the supply of the above-mentioned spraying particles is supplied to the spraying gun through a thin flow path such as a transfer tube, whether or not the spraying can be stably and quantitatively supplied depends on the powder physical properties of the spraying particles. It will be significantly affected by liquidity.
However, the melt pulverized powder and sintered pulverized powder obtained by the above methods (1) and (2) have an irregular shape and a wide particle size distribution, so that fine particles are generated by friction between particles being conveyed. In addition to being generated, the angle of repose is large and the fluidity is poor. Therefore, there are problems such as blockage in the transfer tube and spray gun, and continuous spraying.
[0005]
As a solution to the problems of each of these pulverized powders, there is a granulated powder obtained by the method of (3) above, that is, a granulated powder having a characteristic of good fluidity because it has a spherical shape or a shape close to a sphere. It has been developed.
The powder strength of this granulated powder is determined by the particle size distribution of the raw material particles and the conditions of the sintering process. Therefore, the powder strength is likely to vary. There was a problem that it was easy to collapse during spraying (in flame flame or plasma flame).
[0006]
On the other hand, when thermal spraying particles made of a metal oxide are sprayed, it is necessary to completely melt the thermal spraying particles in a flame flame or plasma flame at the time of thermal spraying in order to form a thermal spray coating having excellent adhesion strength. In particular, when a rare earth oxide is used, since the melting point is high, it is necessary to use thermal spraying particles having a small average particle diameter in order to completely melt the rare earth oxide.
However, in the case of granulated powder using a spray-drying type granulator, it is difficult to reduce the average particle size to 20 μm or less. On the other hand, in the case of melt pulverized powder or sintered pulverized powder, the average particle size is small by pulverization. Although a thermal spray material can be obtained, contamination from a pulverizer or the like has caused contamination of normal particles with an impurity of about several tens of ppm.
[0007]
Thus, since the above-mentioned melt pulverized powder, sintered pulverized powder, and granulated powder have advantages and disadvantages, respectively, they are not necessarily optimal as a spraying material for rare earth oxides. In addition, since all three types of powders are contaminated from the pulverization process, granulation process, and classification process, there has been a problem in terms of high purity.
That is, in molten pulverized powder, sintered pulverized powder, and granulated powder obtained through the above steps, impurities such as iron group elements, alkali metal elements, and alkaline earth metal elements are usually mixed in at least 20 ppm. Further, there has been a problem that the thermal spray member having a coating formed by spraying the thermal spraying particles easily corrodes from the impurity portion, and sufficient durability cannot be obtained.
[0008]
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and can form a sprayed coating having high adhesion even when a rare earth oxide having a high melting point is used, and also has high purity particles for spraying rare earth oxide, and production thereof. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method, a thermal spray member obtained by spraying the thermal spray particles on the surface of a base material, and a corrosion-resistant member using the thermal spray member.
[0009]
Means for Solving the Problem and Embodiment of the Invention
As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have determined that the average particle diameter, dispersion index, and aspect ratio are set to predetermined values in the rare earth oxide thermal spraying powder, and further, if necessary. By controlling the total amount of specific surface area, bulk density, crystallites, and iron group, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal elements within a predetermined range, it has good fluidity, is dense and has high strength, and does not collapse during thermal spraying. And the coating formed by spraying the particles for thermal spraying is found to be smoother and higher in purity than the conventional thermal spray coating, and excellent in adhesion and corrosion resistance. The present invention has been completed.
[0010]
That is, the present invention provides the following inventions.
( 1 ) Rare earth oxide spraying particles characterized by having an average particle size of 3 to 20 μm, a dispersion index of 0.4 or less, an aspect ratio of 2 or less , and a bulk density of 30 to 50% of the true density .
(2) specific surface area, characterized in that a 0.3~1.0m 2 / g (1) rare earth oxide particles for thermal spraying according.
(3) The particles for spraying rare earth oxide according to ( 1 ) or (2 ), wherein the crystallite is 25 nm or more.
(4) The particles for thermal spraying of rare earth oxides according to any one of ( 1 ) to (3) , wherein the total amount of iron group element, alkali metal element, and alkaline earth metal element is 20 ppm or less.
(5) A thermal spray member comprising: a base material; and a coating formed by spraying the rare earth oxide thermal spray particles according to any one of ( 1 ) to (4) on the surface of the base material.
(6) A corrosion resistant member using the thermal spray member according to (5) .
(7) A rare earth aqueous solution and an oxalic acid aqueous solution are mixed in an amount of oxalate ions in an amount of 1.5 to 2.0 mol based on the total amount of rare earth, and crystallized at -5 to 20 ° C to obtain an average particle size of 3 to 20 µm. The rare earth oxalate was prepared and dried at −20 to 80 ° C. and then calcined at 800 to 1,700 ° C. for 1 to 6 hours in the air. The average particle size was 3 to 20 μm and the dispersion index was 0. A method for producing particles for thermal spraying of rare earth oxides, characterized in that particles for thermal spraying of rare earth oxides having an aspect ratio of 2 or less and a bulk density of 30 to 50% of the true density are obtained.
[0011]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
As the rare earth oxide in the present invention, one or more of 3A group rare earth elements including yttrium (Y) can be used.
Note that a composite oxide of the rare earth oxide and one or more metals selected from Al, Si, Zr, In, and the like may be used.
The average particle diameter of the rare earth oxide spray particles is 3 to 20 μm, and particularly preferably 7 to 16 μm. If the average particle diameter is less than 3 μm, there is a problem that the liquid is evaporated and scattered in a plasma flame during spraying, and a loss is generated accordingly. On the other hand, if the average particle size exceeds 20 μm, the melt is not completely melted in a plasma flame or the like at the time of thermal spraying and remains unfused, which becomes unfused powder and causes a decrease in adhesion strength.
In addition, the said average particle diameter is the value of D50 of the particle size distribution measured by the laser diffraction method.
[0012]
The rare earth oxide molten particles of the present invention have a sphere or a shape close to a sphere and a narrow particle size distribution.
Specifically, the particles have a dispersion index of 0.4 or less and an aspect ratio of 2 or less.
Here, when the dispersion index exceeds 0.4, the particle size distribution becomes broad, the fluidity deteriorates, and clogging or the like occurs in the nozzle when the powder is supplied. A more preferable dispersion index is 0.3 or less.
The dispersion index is defined by the following formula.
Dispersion index = (D90−D10) / (D90 + D10)
In the above formula, D10 represents the particle size at 10% by weight and D90 represents the particle size at 90% by weight, both of which are measured values by the laser diffraction method.
[0013]
The aspect ratio is represented by the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the particles, that is, the major axis / minor axis, and serves as an index indicating whether the shape is close to a sphere.
Here, when the aspect ratio exceeds 2, the shape is far from the sphere, and the fluidity is deteriorated. In this case, the lower limit of the aspect ratio is not particularly limited, but is preferably closer to 1.
[0014]
In the above, it is preferable that the specific surface area of the rare earth oxide particles for thermal spraying is 0.3~1.0m 2 / g, more preferably 0.3~0.8m 2 / g.
Here, when the specific surface area exceeds 1.0 m 2 / g, the surface smoothness is deteriorated and the fluidity may be lowered.
The bulk density is preferably 30 to 50% of the true density. If the bulk density is less than 30% of the true density, the particles tend to be weak because the particles are not dense, and there is a possibility that the particles will collapse during thermal spraying. In addition, no matter how dense the particles are, those having a bulk density exceeding 50% of the true density are hardly seen.
[0015]
By the way, the single crystal particles are the most dense, and even the polycrystalline particles are considered to be denser as the particle diameter of the single crystal particles constituting the particles is larger. The particle diameter of the single crystal particles constituting such particles is called a crystallite. In the rare earth oxide spray particles, the crystallite is preferably 25 nm or more, more preferably 50 nm or more. When the crystallite is less than 25 nm, it is considered that the crystallite is often not dense because it is a polycrystalline particle having a small particle size.
Note that the crystallite is a value obtained from the Wilson method of X-ray diffraction, and in this Wilson method, the particle size of the single crystal particles is 100 nm or less at the maximum.
[0016]
In addition, the rare earth oxide spray particles are considered to give sufficient corrosion resistance to a sprayed member having a coating formed by spraying the spray particles, such as iron group elements (Fe, Ni, Co, etc.), alkali The total amount of metal elements (Na, K, etc.) and alkaline earth metal elements (Mg, Ca, etc.) is preferably 20 ppm or less, more preferably 15 ppm or less, and particularly preferably 5 ppm or less. The smaller the total amount of each metal element, the better. However, the lower limit is usually about 0.1 ppm.
The iron group element, alkali metal element, and alkaline earth metal element were measured by ICP spectroscopic analysis (inductively coupled high frequency plasma spectroscopic analysis) after acid decomposition of the rare earth oxide spray particles.
[0017]
The following method is preferably used as the method for producing the rare earth oxide spray particles.
First, a rare earth aqueous solution (aqueous solution of a water-soluble salt such as chloride, nitrate, sulfate, etc.) and an oxalic acid aqueous solution are mixed in an amount of oxalate ions in an amount of 1.5 to 2.0 mol based on the total amount of rare earth, and −5 By crystallization at a low temperature of -20 ° C., a rare earth oxalate having an average particle size of 3-20 μm whose shape is close to a sphere is produced. Subsequently, after the obtained rare earth succinate is dried at −20 to 80 ° C. by a freeze dryer or the like, it is 800 to 1,700 ° C., more preferably 1,200 to 1,600 ° C., 1 to 6 in the air. The rare earth oxide spray particles are obtained by firing for 2 hours, more preferably 2 to 4 hours.
[0018]
Here, when the total amount of rare earths is too large (the amount of oxalate ions is less than 1.5 mol), the yield is poor because the rare earths are not completely precipitated. On the other hand, when the total amount of rare earth is too small (the amount of oxalate ions exceeds 2.0 mol), the amount of oxalic acid is too large, which is not economical. That is, by making the amount of oxalate ions within the above range with respect to the total amount of rare earth, good spherical particles can be obtained with good yield.
Since the above production method does not require a granulation step and / or a pulverization step, there is little contamination of contaminants from secondary materials and equipment. As a result, iron group elements (Fe, Ni, Co, etc.), alkali metal elements (Na, K, etc.) and alkaline earth metal elements (Mg, Ca, etc.) have a feature that it is easy to obtain high-purity spherical particles for thermal spraying of 20 ppm or less.
[0019]
As described above, since the spherical particles for thermal spraying according to the present invention have good fluidity and do not clog in the transfer tube or the like, they can be supplied stably and continuously, and because they are dense and high in strength, It has the feature that it does not collapse in the plasma flame during thermal spraying. Furthermore, since the average particle size is small, it may be completely melted in the plasma flame during spraying, and since it is highly pure and almost spherical, the adhesion strength of the coating composed of the particles for spraying may be increased. Moreover, the surface roughness of the coating can be finely controlled (60 μm or less).
[0020]
The thermal spray member according to the present invention includes a base material and a coating formed by spraying the above-mentioned rare earth oxide thermal spray particles on the surface of the base material.
Here, the substrate is not particularly limited, and metals, alloys, ceramics (metal nitrides, metal carbides, metal oxides (eg, metal oxides) mainly composed of Al, Fe, Si, Cr, Zn, Zr, or Ni (for example, Alumina, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, etc.)), glass (quartz glass, etc.), etc. can be used. It is preferable to use a metal or alloy mainly composed of Al, Fe or Ni as a base material.
[0021]
The thickness of the coating on the substrate surface is preferably 50 to 500 μm, more preferably 150 to 300 μm. When the thickness of the coating is less than 50 μm, when a thermal spray member having the coating is used as a corrosion-resistant member, it may be necessary to replace it with a slight corrosion. On the other hand, when the thickness of the coating exceeds 500 μm, there is a possibility that peeling inside the coating tends to occur because it is too thick.
Moreover, it is preferable that the surface roughness of a film is 60 micrometers or less, More preferably, it is 20 micrometers or less. When the surface roughness exceeds 60 μm, the plasma contact area increases, so that the corrosion resistance may be deteriorated, and particles may be generated due to the progress of corrosion.
That is, good corrosion resistance is obtained by setting the surface roughness of the coating to 60 μm or less. Accordingly, corrosion hardly occurs even in a corrosive gas (halogen gas plasma or the like) atmosphere, and the thermal spray member can be suitably used as a corrosion-resistant member.
[0022]
The thermal spray member of the present invention can be obtained by forming a coating on the surface of the base material by plasma spraying or low pressure plasma spraying of the above-mentioned rare earth oxide spraying particles. Here, the plasma gas is not particularly limited, and nitrogen / hydrogen, argon / hydrogen, argon / helium, argon / nitrogen, or the like can be used.
The thermal spraying conditions and the like are not particularly limited, and may be set as appropriate according to the specific material such as the base material, rare earth oxide thermal spraying particles, the use of the obtained thermal spray member, and the like.
[0023]
Also in the thermal spray member of the present invention, the total amount of iron group elements, alkali metal elements, and alkaline earth metal elements in the coating is preferably 20 ppm or less, but this is a rare earth in which the total amount of each metal element described above is 20 ppm or less. This can be achieved by forming a film using oxide spray particles.
That is, when a coating is formed using thermal spray particles in which an iron group element, an alkali metal element, or an alkaline earth metal element is mixed in an amount of 20 ppm or more, the iron group element is only mixed in the thermal spray particles in the coating. Alkaline metal elements and alkaline earth metal elements are mixed as they are, but such problems do not occur when the rare earth oxide spray particles are used.
[0024]
Further, if the total amount of each of the above metal elements in the coating is 20 ppm or less, there is little contamination, so that the thermal spray member can be used without problems in an apparatus that is required to have high purity. Specifically, it can be suitably used as a member for a liquid crystal manufacturing apparatus and a member for a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus.
[0025]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example and a comparative example are given and this invention is demonstrated more concretely, this invention is not limited to the following Example.
[0026]
[Example 1]
While stirring 30 L of yttrium nitrate solution (0.3 mol / L) cooled to 3 ° C. at a rotation speed of 200 rpm, 30 L of oxalic acid solution (0.5 mol / L) was added thereto over about 5 minutes to react. I let you. The solution was aged for 10 minutes while maintaining the temperature at 3 ° C., and the produced yttrium oxalate was collected by filtration, washed with water, frozen at −10 ° C. for 6 hours, and then vacuum dried at 20 ° C. for 24 hours. Subsequently, the freeze-dried yttrium oxalate was baked at 1,500 ° C. for 2 hours in the air to obtain 990 g of yttrium oxide. Table 1 shows the measurement results of the physical properties of the obtained yttrium oxide such as particle size and crystallites. Note that 5.03 g / cm 3 was used as the true density of yttrium oxide.
The yttrium oxide particles were plasma sprayed with argon / hydrogen to form a 210 μm-thick film on an aluminum alloy substrate (No. 6061 described in JIS H4000) as a base material. Table 2 shows the measurement results of the physical properties of the formed film.
In Table 2, the surface roughness Ra was measured by a method based on JIS B0601. Corrosion resistance is measured by performing an exposure test for 24 hours in CF 4 plasma using a RIE (reactive ion etching) apparatus, and as a percentage of the weight of the member after the test with respect to the weight of the member before the test. Calculated.
[0027]
[Example 2]
Erbium oxide 1,680 g was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that erbium nitrate was used instead of yttrium nitrate. Table 1 shows the measurement results of the physical properties of the obtained erbium oxide such as the particle diameter and crystallites. In addition, 8.64 g / cm 3 was used as the true density of erbium oxide.
The erbium oxide particles were plasma sprayed with argon / hydrogen to form a film having a thickness of 250 μm on the silicon substrate as the base material. Table 2 shows the measurement results of the physical properties and corrosion resistance of the formed film.
[0028]
[Comparative Example 1]
A slurry is prepared by dispersing 5 kg of yttrium oxide having an average particle diameter of 1.2 μm in 15 liters of pure water in which 15 g of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) is dissolved, and this slurry is spray-dried with a fluid nozzle spray type granulator. Granules were prepared. Further, this granulated powder was fired at 1,600 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain particles for thermal spraying.
Table 1 shows the measurement results of the physical property values such as the particle diameter and crystallite of yttrium oxide obtained by the granulation step.
Further, the particles for thermal spraying yttrium oxide were plasma sprayed with argon / hydrogen to form a coating on the aluminum alloy substrate as a base material so as to have a film thickness of 250 μm. Table 2 shows the measurement results of the physical properties and corrosion resistance of the formed film.
[0029]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004231990
[0030]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004231990
[0031]
As shown in Table 1, the rare earth oxide thermal spray particles obtained in Examples 1 and 2 have an average particle size of 20 μm or less and a dispersion index as small as 0.3 or less, CaO, Fe 2 O 3 It can be seen that the impurities such as Na 2 O are few and highly pure, and the bulk density is high and dense. In contrast, the rare earth oxide spray particles obtained in Comparative Example 1 have a large dispersion index of 0.5, have impurities such as Fe 2 O 3 and Na 2 O, and have a low bulk density. .
[0032]
Further, as shown in Table 2, the coating film made of the rare earth oxide spray particles of Examples 1 and 2 has few impurities such as CaO, Fe 2 O 3 , Na 2 O, etc., and requires high purity. It turns out that it is suitable for a use, for example, the member for liquid crystal manufacturing apparatuses, and the member for semiconductor manufacturing apparatuses. Moreover, it can be seen that the surface roughness is fine and suitable as a corrosion-resistant member against corrosive gas atmosphere (for example, halogen-based gas plasma).
On the other hand, the coating composed of the thermal spraying particles of Comparative Example 1 contains the amount of iron group element, alkali metal element, alkaline earth metal element mixed in the thermal spraying particle as it is, and the surface. It can be seen that the roughness is 73 μm.
[0033]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, since the spherical particles for spraying rare earth oxides of the present invention have an average particle diameter of 3 to 20 μm, a dispersion index of 0.4 or less, and an aspect ratio of 2 or less, they can be stably and continuously. In addition, since there is a possibility of complete melting in the plasma flame during thermal spraying, the adhesion strength between the coating composed of the particles for thermal spraying and the material to be sprayed can be increased.

Claims (7)

平均粒径が3〜20μm、分散指数が0.4以下、アスペクト比が2以下で、嵩密度が真密度の30〜50%であることを特徴とする希土類酸化物溶射用粒子。A rare earth oxide spraying particle having an average particle size of 3 to 20 μm, a dispersion index of 0.4 or less, an aspect ratio of 2 or less , and a bulk density of 30 to 50% of a true density . 比表面積が0.3〜1.0m2/gであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の希土類酸化物溶射用粒子。 2. The rare earth oxide spray particles according to claim 1, wherein the specific surface area is 0.3 to 1.0 m < 2 > / g. 結晶子が25nm以上であることを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の希土類酸化物溶射用粒子。 3. The rare earth oxide spray particle according to claim 1, wherein the crystallite is 25 nm or more. 鉄族元素、アルカリ金属元素、およびアルカリ土類金属元素の総量が20ppm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至のいずれか1項に記載の希土類酸化物溶射用粒子。The rare earth oxide spray particle according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the total amount of the iron group element, the alkali metal element, and the alkaline earth metal element is 20 ppm or less. 基材と、この基材表面に請求項1乃至のいずれか1項に記載の希土類酸化物溶射用粒子を溶射してなる被膜と、を備えることを特徴とする溶射部材。A thermal spray member comprising: a base material; and a coating formed by spraying the rare earth oxide spray particles according to any one of claims 1 to 4 on a surface of the base material. 請求項に記載の溶射部材を用いることを特徴とする耐食性部材。A corrosion resistant member using the thermal spray member according to claim 5 . 希土類水溶液と蓚酸水溶液とを、蓚酸イオンの量として希土類総量に対して1.5〜2.0モルで混合し、−5〜20℃で晶析して、平均粒径3〜20μmの希土類蓚酸塩を製造し、これを−20〜80℃で乾燥した後、大気中で800〜1,700℃で1〜6時間焼成して、平均粒径が3〜20μm、分散指数が0.4以下、アスペクト比が2以下で、嵩密度が真密度の30〜50%である希土類酸化物溶射用粒子を得ることを特徴とする希土類酸化物溶射用粒子の製造方法。  A rare earth aqueous solution and an aqueous oxalic acid solution are mixed in an amount of oxalic acid ions of 1.5 to 2.0 moles with respect to the total amount of rare earths, and crystallized at -5 to 20 ° C. A salt was produced, dried at -20 to 80 ° C, and then fired in the air at 800 to 1,700 ° C for 1 to 6 hours. The average particle size was 3 to 20 µm, and the dispersion index was 0.4 or less. A method for producing particles for spraying rare earth oxides, comprising obtaining particles for spraying rare earth oxides having an aspect ratio of 2 or less and a bulk density of 30 to 50% of the true density.
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