JP4236399B2 - Alkaline storage battery - Google Patents
Alkaline storage battery Download PDFInfo
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- JP4236399B2 JP4236399B2 JP2001295780A JP2001295780A JP4236399B2 JP 4236399 B2 JP4236399 B2 JP 4236399B2 JP 2001295780 A JP2001295780 A JP 2001295780A JP 2001295780 A JP2001295780 A JP 2001295780A JP 4236399 B2 JP4236399 B2 JP 4236399B2
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- alkaline
- storage battery
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- alkaline storage
- vanadium
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- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 129
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 111
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 79
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 76
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 62
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 48
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 109
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 11
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910018007 MmNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001122 Mischmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910004337 Ti-Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011209 Ti—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010015915 eye discharge Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、ニッケル−水素蓄電池等の負極に水素吸蔵合金を用いたアルカリ蓄電池に関するものであり、特に、正極と、バナジウム系水素吸蔵合金を用いた負極と、アルカリ電解液とを備えたアルカリ蓄電池において、十分なサイクル特性が得られるようにした点に特徴を有するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、アルカリ蓄電池として、ニッケル−カドミウム蓄電池に比べ、高容量であり、環境安全性にも優れている点から、負極に水素吸蔵合金を用いたニッケル−水素蓄電池等のアルカリ蓄電池が広く利用されるようになった。
【0003】
ここで、このようなアルカリ蓄電池においては、アルカリ電解液として、一般に水酸化カリウムが使用されており、また近年においては、特開平2−304874号公報や特開平4−212269号公報に示されるように、水酸化カリウムに水酸化ナトリウムや水酸化リチウムを少量加えたものも使用することが提案されている。
【0004】
また、従来のアルカリ蓄電池においては、その負極における水素吸蔵合金として、一般に、Mm(Mmは希土類元素の混合物であるミッシュメタル)等を用いた希土類系水素吸蔵合金が使用されている。
【0005】
しかし、上記のような希土類系水素吸蔵合金の場合、水素を吸蔵,放出する反応活性には優れているが、水素を吸蔵できる量が十分ではなく、高い電池容量が得られないという問題があり、特に近年においては、上記のように負極に水素吸蔵合金電極を用いたアルカリ蓄電池を様々なポータブル機器の電源等に使用するために高容量化が要望されるようになった。
【0006】
このため、近年においては、その負極に、水素吸蔵能力の高いバナジウムを主成分として含むV−Ti−Ni系やV−Ti−Cr系等のバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金を使用することが検討されている。
【0007】
しかし、上記のようなバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金は、希土類系水素吸蔵合金に比べて耐食性が悪く、バナジウム系水素吸蔵合金におけるバナジウムが酸化されてアルカリ電解液中に溶出し、容量が低下して、充分なサイクル寿命が得られないという問題があった。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
この発明は、正極と、バナジウム系水素吸蔵合金を用いた負極と、アルカリ電解液とを備えたアルカリ蓄電池における上記のような問題を解決することを課題とするものであり、バナジウム系水素吸蔵合金におけるバナジウムが酸化されてアルカリ電解液中に溶出するのを抑制し、充分なサイクル寿命が得られるようにすることを課題とするものである。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この発明におけるアルカリ蓄電池においては、上記のような課題を解決するため、正極と、バナジウム系水素吸蔵合金を用いた負極と、アルカリ電解液とを備えたアルカリ蓄電池において、上記のアルカリ電解液中に少なくとも水酸化カリウムと水酸化リチウムとを含ませると共に、水酸化リチウムの濃度が1.0規定以上であり、かつこのアルカリ電解液中におけるアルカリ濃度が9.5規定以上であるようにしたのである。
【0010】
そして、この発明におけるアルカリ蓄電池のように、少なくとも水酸化カリウムと水酸化リチウムとを含み、水酸化リチウムの濃度が1.0規定以上であり、かつこのアルカリ電解液中におけるアルカリ濃度が9.5規定以上であるアルカリ電解液を使用すると、このアルカリ電解液中におけるリチウムイオンがバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金におけるバナジウムの表面に吸着して、バナジウム系水素吸蔵合金の表面を保護するようになり、これによりバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金の耐食性が向上して、アルカリ蓄電池のサイクル寿命が向上する。
【0011】
また、上記のアルカリ電解液中におけるアルカリ濃度を10.0規定以上にすると、さらにバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金の耐食性が向上して、アルカリ蓄電池のサイクル寿命がさらに向上する。
【0012】
また、上記のバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金の表面にニッケルメッキを行うと、このニッケルメッキにより、バナジウム系水素吸蔵合金の耐食性がさらに向上して、アルカリ蓄電池のサイクル寿命がさらに向上する。
【0013】
また、この発明におけるアルカリ蓄電池においては、その正極に一般に使用されている水酸化ニッケルを使用することができる。特に、Co,Al,Mn,Y,Ybから選択される少なくとも1種の元素が固溶された水酸化ニッケルを用いた場合には、この正極にリチウムイオンが取り込まれて、アルカリ電解液中におけるリチウムイオンが減少するため、上記のようにアルカリ電解液中における水酸化リチウムの濃度を高くすることにより、アルカリ蓄電池のサイクル寿命が充分に向上されるようになる。
【0014】
【実施例】
以下、この発明に係るアルカリ蓄電池について実施例を挙げて具体的に説明すると共に、この発明の実施例のアルカリ蓄電池において、サイクル寿命が向上することを比較例を挙げて明らかにする。なお、この発明におけるアルカリ蓄電池は、特に、下記の実施例に示したものに限定されるものではなく、その要旨を変更しない範囲において適宜変更して実施できるものである。
【0015】
ここで、以下の実施例及び比較例においては、理論容量が600mAhになった図1に示すような円筒型のアルカリ蓄電池を作製するようにした。
【0016】
そして、上記の円筒型のアルカリ蓄電池を作製するにあたっては、図1に示すように、正極1と負極2との間に上記のセパレータ3を介在させてスパイラル状に巻き取り、これを負極缶4内に収容させた後、負極缶4内に上記のアルカリ電解液を注液して封口し、正極1を正極リード5を介して封口蓋6に接続させると共に、負極2を負極リード7を介して負極缶4に接続させ、負極缶4と封口蓋6とを絶縁パッキン8により電気的に絶縁させると共に、封口蓋6と正極外部端子9との間にコイルスプリング10を設け、電池の内圧が異常に上昇した場合には、このコイルスプリング10が圧縮されて電池内部のガスが大気に放出されるようにした。
【0017】
また、以下の実施例及び比較例のアルカリ蓄電池においては、下記のようにして作製した正極1a〜1g及び負極2a〜2c,xとを使用すると共に、下記のようにして調製したアルカリ電解液A1〜A4,y1〜y6を使用するようにした。
【0018】
(正極1a〜1gの作製)
正極材料として、正極1aにおいては水酸化ニッケルを、正極1bにおいてはコバルトCoが2mol%固溶された水酸化ニッケルを、正極1cにおいてはアルミニウムAlが2mol%固溶された水酸化ニッケルを、正極1dにおいてはマンガンMnが2mol%固溶された水酸化ニッケルを、正極1eにおいてはイットリウムYが2mol%固溶された水酸化ニッケルを、正極1fにおいてはイッテルビウムYbが2mol%固溶された水酸化ニッケルを、正極1gにおいてはコバルトCoとアルミニウムAlとがそれぞれ1mol%固溶された水酸化ニッケルを用いるようにした。
【0019】
そして、これらの正極材料100重量部に対して、それぞれ結着剤のヒドロキシプロピルセルロースを10重量%含む水溶液を1重量部の割合で混合してスラリーを調製し、このスラリーを発泡メタルに充填し、これを乾燥し、圧延させた後、所定の大きさに裁断して正極1a〜1gを作製した。
【0020】
(負極2aの作製)
VとTiとNiとを60:25:15のモル比になるように混合し、これをアーク溶解炉において溶融し、これを冷却させて、V60Ti25Ni15の組成になったバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金の塊を得た後、このバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金の塊に水素を吸蔵,放出させて水素化粉砕し、平均粒径が30μmになったV60Ti25Ni15のバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金粉末を得た。
【0021】
そして、上記のバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金粉末100重量部に対して、結着剤のポリエチレンオキシドを10重量%含む水溶液を1重量部の割合で混合してスラリーを調製し、このスラリーをニッケルメッキしたパンチングメタルからなる集電体に塗布し、これを乾燥、圧延させた後、所定の大きさに裁断して負極2aを作製した。
【0022】
(負極2bの作製)
VとTiとNiとを60:25:15のモル比になるように混合し、これをアーク溶解炉において溶融し、これを冷却させて、V60Ti25Ni15の組成になったバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金の塊を得た後、このバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金の塊に水素を吸蔵,放出させて水素化粉砕し、平均粒径が30μmになったV60Ti25Ni15のバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金粉末を得た。次いで、このバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金粉末にニッケルメッキを行い、バナジウム系水素吸蔵合金粉末に対してニッケルが約7重量%になるように付着させた後、これを水洗し、乾燥させた後、真空中において700℃の温度で1時間熱処理し、ニッケルメッキされたV60Ti25Ni15のバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金粉末を得た。
【0023】
そして、このようにニッケルメッキされたV60Ti25Ni15のバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金粉末を用い、その後は、上記の負極2aの場合と同様にして、負極2bを作製した。
【0024】
(負極2cの作製)
VとTiとCrとを60:25:15のモル比になるように混合し、これをアーク溶解炉において溶融し、これを冷却させて、V60Ti25Cr15の組成になったバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金の塊を得た後、このバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金の塊に水素を吸蔵,放出させて水素化粉砕し、平均粒径が30μmになったV60Ti25Cr15のバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金粉末を得た。次いで、このバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金粉末にニッケルメッキを行い、バナジウム系水素吸蔵合金粉末に対してニッケルが約7重量%になるように付着させた後、これを水洗し、乾燥させた後、真空中において700℃の温度で1時間熱処理し、ニッケルメッキされたV60Ti25Cr15のバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金粉末を得た。
【0025】
そして、このようにニッケルメッキされたV60Ti25Cr15のバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金粉末を用い、その後は、上記の負極2aの場合と同様にして、負極2cを作製した。
【0026】
(負極xの作製)
MmとNiとCoとAlとMnとを1:3.6:0.6:0.3:0.5のモル比になるように混合し、これをアーク溶解炉において溶融し、これを冷却させて、MmNi3.6 Co0.6 Al0.3 Mn0.5 の組成になった希土類系水素吸蔵合金の塊を得た後、この希土類系水素吸蔵合金の塊を機械粉砕して、平均粒径が30μmになったMmNi3.6 Co0.6 Al0.3 Mn0.5 の組成になった希土類系水素吸蔵合金粉末を得た。
【0027】
そして、このMmNi3.6 Co0.6 Al0.3 Mn0.5 の組成になった希土類系水素吸蔵合金粉末を用い、その後は、上記の負極2aの場合と同様にして、負極xを作製した。
【0028】
(アルカリ電解液A1の調製)
アルカリ電解液A1においては、水酸化カリウムの濃度が8.5規定、水酸化リチウムの濃度が1.0規定で、全体のアルカリ濃度が9.5規定になるように調製した。
【0029】
(アルカリ電解液A2の調製)
アルカリ電解液A2においては、水酸化カリウムの濃度が9.0規定、水酸化リチウムの濃度が1.0規定で、全体のアルカリ濃度が10.0規定になるように調製した。
【0030】
(アルカリ電解液A3の調製)
アルカリ電解液A3においては、水酸化カリウムの濃度が8.9規定、水酸化リチウムの濃度が1.1規定で、全体のアルカリ濃度が10.0規定になるように調製した。
【0031】
(アルカリ電解液A4の調製)
アルカリ電解液A2においては、水酸化カリウムの濃度が8.5規定、水酸化リチウムの濃度が1.5規定で、全体のアルカリ濃度が10.0規定になるように調製した。
【0032】
(アルカリ電解液y1の調製)
アルカリ電解液y1においては、水酸化カリウムの濃度が9.0規定、水酸化リチウムの濃度が0.5規定で、全体のアルカリ濃度が9.5規定になるように調製した。
【0033】
(アルカリ電解液y2の調製)
アルカリ電解液y2においては、水酸化カリウムの濃度が9.5規定、水酸化リチウムの濃度が0.5規定で、全体のアルカリ濃度が10.0規定になるように調製した。
【0034】
(アルカリ電解液y3の調製)
アルカリ電解液y3においては、水酸化カリウムの濃度が9.4規定、水酸化リチウムの濃度が0.6規定で、全体のアルカリ濃度が10.0規定になるように調製した。
【0035】
(アルカリ電解液y4の調製)
アルカリ電解液y4においては、水酸化カリウムの濃度が9.3規定、水酸化リチウムの濃度が0.7規定で、全体のアルカリ濃度が10.0規定になるように調製した。
【0036】
(アルカリ電解液y5の調製)
アルカリ電解液y5においては、水酸化カリウムの濃度が9.2規定、水酸化リチウムの濃度が0.8規定で、全体のアルカリ濃度が10.0規定になるように調製した。
【0037】
(アルカリ電解液y6の調製)
アルカリ電解液y6においては、水酸化カリウムの濃度が9.1規定、水酸化リチウムの濃度が0.9規定で、全体のアルカリ濃度が10.0規定になるように調製した。
【0038】
(実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜6)
実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜6においては、下記の表1に示すように、正極材料に水酸化ニッケルを用いた正極1aを使用すると共に、負極材料にV60Ti25Ni15のバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金を用いた負極2aを使用し、アルカリ電解液として、上記のアルカリ電解液A1〜A4,y1〜y6を用い、前記のようにして図1に示す円筒型になった実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜6の各アルカリ蓄電池を作製した。
【0039】
そして、この実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜6の各アルカリ蓄電池を、それぞれ60mAの定電流で16時間充電させた後、120mAの定電流で放電終止電圧が1.00Vになるまで放電させ、これを1サイクルとして5サイクルの充放電を繰り返して行い、各アルカリ蓄電池を活性化させた。
【0040】
次いで、このように活性化させた実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜6の各アルカリ蓄電池を、それぞれ600mAの定電流で満充電させたピークの電圧より電圧が10mV低下するまで充電させて1時間放置した後、600mAの定電流で放電終止電圧が1.00Vになるまで放電させて1時間放置し、これを1サイクルとして、充放電を繰り返して行い、放電容量が活性化後における1サイクル目の放電容量の60%に達するまでのサイクル数を求めた。
【0041】
そして、アルカリ電解液y1を用いた比較例1のアルカリ蓄電池におけるサイクル数を、サイクル寿命の基準値100として、各アルカリ蓄電池におけるサイクル寿命を求め、その結果を下記の表1に示した。
【0042】
【表1】
【0043】
この結果、V60Ti25Ni15のバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金を用いた負極a1を使用した実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜6のアルカリ蓄電池において、水酸化リチウムの濃度が1.0規定になったアルカリ電解液A1〜A4を用いた実施例1〜4のアルカリ蓄電池は、水酸化リチウムの濃度が1.0規定未満になったアルカリ電解液y1〜y6を用いた比較例1〜6のアルカリ蓄電池に比べてサイクル寿命が向上しており、特に、全体のアルカリ濃度が10.0規定になったアルカリ電解液A2〜A4を用いた実施例2〜4のアルカリ蓄電池においては、さらにサイクル寿命が向上していた。
【0044】
(実施例5,6及び比較例7,8)
実施例5,6及び比較例7,8においては、下記の表2に示すように、正極材料にコバルトCoが2mol%固溶された水酸化ニッケルを用いた正極1bを使用すると共に、負極材料にV60Ti25Ni15のバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金を用いた負極2aを使用し、アルカリ電解液として、上記のアルカリ電解液A1,A2,y1,y2を用い、前記のようにして図1に示す円筒型になった実施例5,6及び比較例7,8の各アルカリ蓄電池を作製した。
【0045】
そして、この実施例5,6及び比較例7,8の各アルカリ蓄電池についても、上記の実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜6のアルカリ蓄電池の場合と同様にして、放電容量が活性化後における1サイクル目の放電容量の60%に達するまでのサイクル数を求め、アルカリ電解液y1を用いた比較例7のアルカリ蓄電池におけるサイクル数を、サイクル寿命の基準値100として、各アルカリ蓄電池におけるサイクル寿命を求め、その結果を下記の表2に示した。
【0046】
【表2】
【0047】
この結果、実施例5,6及び比較例7,8のアルカリ蓄電池においても、上記の実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜6のアルカリ蓄電池の場合と同様に、水酸化リチウムの濃度が1.0規定になったアルカリ電解液A1,A2を用いた実施例5,6のアルカリ蓄電池は、水酸化リチウムの濃度が0.5規定になったアルカリ電解液y1,y2を用いた比較例7,8のアルカリ蓄電池に比べてサイクル寿命が向上しており、特に、全体のアルカリ濃度が10.0規定になったアルカリ電解液A2を用いた実施例6のアルカリ蓄電池においては、さらにサイクル寿命が向上していた。
【0048】
また、上記の実施例1,2のアルカリ蓄電池と実施例5,6のアルカリ蓄電池とを比較すると、コバルトCoが2mol%固溶された水酸化ニッケルを用いた正極1bを使用した実施例5,6のアルカリ蓄電池の方が、さらにサイクル寿命の向上が大きくなっていた。
【0049】
(実施例7,8及び比較例9,10)
実施例7,8及び比較例9,10においては、下記の表3に示すように、正極材料に水酸化ニッケルを用いた正極1aを使用すると共に、負極材料にニッケルメッキされたV60Ti25Ni15のバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金を用いた負極2bを使用し、アルカリ電解液として、上記のアルカリ電解液A1,A2,y1,y2を用い、前記のようにして図1に示す円筒型になった実施例7,8及び比較例9,10の各アルカリ蓄電池を作製した。
【0050】
そして、この実施例7,8及び比較例9,10の各アルカリ蓄電池についても、上記の実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜6のアルカリ蓄電池の場合と同様にして、放電容量が活性化後における1サイクル目の放電容量の60%に達するまでのサイクル数を求め、アルカリ電解液y1を用いた比較例9のアルカリ蓄電池におけるサイクル数を、サイクル寿命の基準値100として、各アルカリ蓄電池におけるサイクル寿命を求め、その結果を下記の表3に示した。
【0051】
【表3】
【0052】
この結果、実施例7,8及び比較例9,10のアルカリ蓄電池においても、上記の実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜6のアルカリ蓄電池の場合と同様に、水酸化リチウムの濃度が1.0規定になったアルカリ電解液A1,A2を用いた実施例7,8のアルカリ蓄電池は、水酸化リチウムの濃度が0.5規定になったアルカリ電解液y1,y2を用いた比較例9,10のアルカリ蓄電池に比べてサイクル寿命が向上しており、特に、全体のアルカリ濃度が10.0規定になったアルカリ電解液A2を用いた実施例8のアルカリ蓄電池においては、さらにサイクル寿命が向上していた。
【0053】
また、上記の実施例1,2のアルカリ蓄電池と実施例7,8のアルカリ蓄電池とを比較すると、ニッケルメッキされたV60Ti25Ni15のバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金を用いた負極2bを使用した実施例7,8のアルカリ蓄電池の方が、さらにサイクル寿命の向上が大きくなっていた。
【0054】
(実施例9,10及び比較例11,12)
実施例9,10及び比較例11,12においては、下記の表4に示すように、正極材料にコバルトCoが2mol%固溶された水酸化ニッケルを用いた正極1bを使用すると共に、負極材料にニッケルメッキされたV60Ti25Ni15のバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金を用いた負極2bを使用し、アルカリ電解液として、上記のアルカリ電解液A1,A2,y1,y2を用い、前記のようにして図1に示す円筒型になった実施例9,10及び比較例11,12の各アルカリ蓄電池を作製した。
【0055】
そして、この実施例9,10及び比較例11,12の各アルカリ蓄電池についても、上記の実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜6のアルカリ蓄電池の場合と同様にして、放電容量が活性化後における1サイクル目の放電容量の60%に達するまでのサイクル数を求め、アルカリ電解液y1を用いた比較例11のアルカリ蓄電池におけるサイクル数を、サイクル寿命の基準値100として、各アルカリ蓄電池におけるサイクル寿命を求め、その結果を下記の表4に示した。
【0056】
【表4】
【0057】
この結果、実施例9,10及び比較例11,12のアルカリ蓄電池においても、上記の実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜6のアルカリ蓄電池の場合と同様に、水酸化リチウムの濃度が1.0規定になったアルカリ電解液A1,A2を用いた実施例9,10のアルカリ蓄電池は、水酸化リチウムの濃度が0.5規定になったアルカリ電解液y1,y2を用いた比較例11,12のアルカリ蓄電池に比べてサイクル寿命が向上しており、特に、全体のアルカリ濃度が10.0規定になったアルカリ電解液A2を用いた実施例10のアルカリ蓄電池においては、さらにサイクル寿命が向上していた。
【0058】
また、上記の実施例7,8のアルカリ蓄電池と実施例9,10のアルカリ蓄電池とを比較すると、コバルトCoが2mol%固溶された水酸化ニッケルを用いた正極1bを使用した実施例9,10のアルカリ蓄電池の方が、さらにサイクル寿命の向上が大きくなっていた。
【0059】
(実施例11,12及び比較例13,14)
実施例11,12及び比較例13,14においては、下記の表5に示すように、正極材料に水酸化ニッケルを用いた正極1aを使用すると共に、負極材料にニッケルメッキされたV60Ti25Cr15のバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金を用いた負極2cを使用し、アルカリ電解液として、上記のアルカリ電解液A1,A2,y1,y2を用い、前記のようにして図1に示す円筒型になった実施例11,12及び比較例13,14の各アルカリ蓄電池を作製した。
【0060】
そして、この実施例11,12及び比較例13,14の各アルカリ蓄電池についても、上記の実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜6のアルカリ蓄電池の場合と同様にして、放電容量が活性化後における1サイクル目の放電容量の60%に達するまでのサイクル数を求め、アルカリ電解液y1を用いた比較例13のアルカリ蓄電池におけるサイクル数を、サイクル寿命の基準値100として、各アルカリ蓄電池におけるサイクル寿命を求め、その結果を下記の表5に示した。
【0061】
【表5】
【0062】
この結果、実施例11,12及び比較例13,14のアルカリ蓄電池においても、上記の実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜6のアルカリ蓄電池の場合と同様に、水酸化リチウムの濃度が1.0規定になったアルカリ電解液A1,A2を用いた実施例11,12のアルカリ蓄電池は、水酸化リチウムの濃度が0.5規定になったアルカリ電解液y1,y2を用いた比較例13,14のアルカリ蓄電池に比べてサイクル寿命が向上しており、特に、全体のアルカリ濃度が10.0規定になったアルカリ電解液A2を用いた実施例12のアルカリ蓄電池においては、さらにサイクル寿命が向上していた。
【0063】
また、上記の実施例1,2のアルカリ蓄電池と実施例11,12のアルカリ蓄電池とを比較すると、ニッケルメッキされたV60Ti25Cr15のバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金を用いた負極2cを使用した実施例11,12のアルカリ蓄電池の方が、さらにサイクル寿命の向上が大きくなっていた。
【0064】
(実施例13,14及び比較例15,16)
実施例13,14及び比較例15,16においては、下記の表6に示すように、正極材料にコバルトCoが2mol%固溶された水酸化ニッケルを用いた正極1bを使用すると共に、負極材料にニッケルメッキされたV60Ti25Cr15のバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金を用いた負極2cを使用し、アルカリ電解液として、上記のアルカリ電解液A1,A2,y1,y2を用い、前記のようにして図1に示す円筒型になった実施例13,14及び比較例15,16の各アルカリ蓄電池を作製した。
【0065】
そして、この実施例13,14及び比較例15,16の各アルカリ蓄電池についても、上記の実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜6のアルカリ蓄電池の場合と同様にして、放電容量が活性化後における1サイクル目の放電容量の60%に達するまでのサイクル数を求め、アルカリ電解液y1を用いた比較例15のアルカリ蓄電池におけるサイクル数を、サイクル寿命の基準値100として、各アルカリ蓄電池におけるサイクル寿命を求め、その結果を下記の表6に示した。
【0066】
【表6】
【0067】
この結果、実施例13,14及び比較例15,16のアルカリ蓄電池においても、上記の実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜6のアルカリ蓄電池の場合と同様に、水酸化リチウムの濃度が1.0規定になったアルカリ電解液A1,A2を用いた実施例13,14のアルカリ蓄電池は、水酸化リチウムの濃度が0.5規定になったアルカリ電解液y1,y2を用いた比較例15,16のアルカリ蓄電池に比べてサイクル寿命が向上しており、特に、全体のアルカリ濃度が10.0規定になったアルカリ電解液A2を用いた実施例14のアルカリ蓄電池においては、さらにサイクル寿命が向上していた。
【0068】
また、上記の実施例11,12のアルカリ蓄電池と実施例13,14のアルカリ蓄電池とを比較すると、コバルトCoが2mol%固溶された水酸化ニッケルを用いた正極1bを使用した実施例13,14のアルカリ蓄電池の方が、さらにサイクル寿命の向上が大きくなっていた。
【0069】
(実施例15及び比較例17)
実施例15及び比較例17においては、下記の表7に示すように、正極材料にアルミニウムAlが2mol%固溶された水酸化ニッケルを用いた正極1cを使用すると共に、負極材料にニッケルメッキされたV60Ti25Cr15のバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金を用いた負極2cを使用し、アルカリ電解液として、上記のアルカリ電解液A1,y1を用い、前記のようにして図1に示す円筒型になった実施例15及び比較例17の各アルカリ蓄電池を作製した。
【0070】
そして、この実施例15及び比較例17の各アルカリ蓄電池についても、上記の実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜6のアルカリ蓄電池の場合と同様にして、放電容量が活性化後における1サイクル目の放電容量の60%に達するまでのサイクル数を求め、アルカリ電解液y1を用いた比較例17のアルカリ蓄電池におけるサイクル数を、サイクル寿命の基準値100として、各アルカリ蓄電池におけるサイクル寿命を求め、その結果を下記の表7に示した。
【0071】
【表7】
【0072】
この結果、実施例15及び比較例17のアルカリ蓄電池においても、上記の実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜6のアルカリ蓄電池の場合と同様に、水酸化リチウムの濃度が1.0規定になったアルカリ電解液A1を用いた実施例15のアルカリ蓄電池は、水酸化リチウムの濃度が0.5規定になったアルカリ電解液y1を用いた比較例17のアルカリ蓄電池に比べてサイクル寿命が向上していた。
【0073】
また、この実施例15のアルカリ蓄電池のように、アルミニウムAlが2mol%固溶された水酸化ニッケルを用いた正極1cと、ニッケルメッキされたV60Ti25Cr15のバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金を用いた負極2cとを使用すると、サイクル寿命の向上が大きくなっていた。
【0074】
(実施例16及び比較例18)
実施例16及び比較例18においては、下記の表8に示すように、正極材料にマンガンMnが2mol%固溶された水酸化ニッケルを用いた正極1dを使用すると共に、負極材料にニッケルメッキされたV60Ti25Cr15のバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金を用いた負極2cを使用し、アルカリ電解液として、上記のアルカリ電解液A1,y1を用い、前記のようにして図1に示す円筒型になった実施例16及び比較例18の各アルカリ蓄電池を作製した。
【0075】
そして、この実施例16及び比較例18の各アルカリ蓄電池についても、上記の実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜6のアルカリ蓄電池の場合と同様にして、放電容量が活性化後における1サイクル目の放電容量の60%に達するまでのサイクル数を求め、アルカリ電解液y1を用いた比較例18のアルカリ蓄電池におけるサイクル数を、サイクル寿命の基準値100として、各アルカリ蓄電池におけるサイクル寿命を求め、その結果を下記の表8に示した。
【0076】
【表8】
【0077】
この結果、実施例16及び比較例18のアルカリ蓄電池においても、上記の実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜6のアルカリ蓄電池の場合と同様に、水酸化リチウムの濃度が1.0規定になったアルカリ電解液A1を用いた実施例16のアルカリ蓄電池は、水酸化リチウムの濃度が0.5規定になったアルカリ電解液y1を用いた比較例18のアルカリ蓄電池に比べてサイクル寿命が向上していた。
【0078】
また、この実施例16のアルカリ蓄電池のように、マンガンMnが2mol%固溶された水酸化ニッケルを用いた正極1dと、ニッケルメッキされたV60Ti25Cr15のバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金を用いた負極2cとを使用すると、サイクル寿命の向上が大きくなっていた。
【0079】
(実施例17及び比較例19)
実施例17及び比較例19においては、下記の表9に示すように、正極材料にイットリウムYが2mol%固溶された水酸化ニッケルを用いた正極1eを使用すると共に、負極材料にニッケルメッキされたV60Ti25Cr15のバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金を用いた負極2cを使用し、アルカリ電解液として、上記のアルカリ電解液A1,y1を用い、前記のようにして図1に示す円筒型になった実施例17及び比較例19の各アルカリ蓄電池を作製した。
【0080】
そして、この実施例17及び比較例19の各アルカリ蓄電池についても、上記の実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜6のアルカリ蓄電池の場合と同様にして、放電容量が活性化後における1サイクル目の放電容量の60%に達するまでのサイクル数を求め、アルカリ電解液y1を用いた比較例19のアルカリ蓄電池におけるサイクル数を、サイクル寿命の基準値100として、各アルカリ蓄電池におけるサイクル寿命を求め、その結果を下記の表9に示した。
【0081】
【表9】
【0082】
この結果、実施例17及び比較例19のアルカリ蓄電池においても、上記の実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜6のアルカリ蓄電池の場合と同様に、水酸化リチウムの濃度が1.0規定になったアルカリ電解液A1を用いた実施例17のアルカリ蓄電池は、水酸化リチウムの濃度が0.5規定になったアルカリ電解液y1を用いた比較例19のアルカリ蓄電池に比べてサイクル寿命が向上していた。
【0083】
また、この実施例17のアルカリ蓄電池のように、イットリウムYが2mol%固溶された水酸化ニッケルを用いた正極1eと、ニッケルメッキされたV60Ti25Cr15のバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金を用いた負極2cとを使用すると、サイクル寿命の向上が大きくなっていた。
【0084】
(実施例18及び比較例20)
実施例18及び比較例20においては、下記の表10に示すように、正極材料にイッテルビウムYbが2mol%固溶された水酸化ニッケルを用いた正極1fを使用すると共に、負極材料にニッケルメッキされたV60Ti25Cr15のバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金を用いた負極2cを使用し、アルカリ電解液として、上記のアルカリ電解液A1,y1を用い、前記のようにして図1に示す円筒型になった実施例18及び比較例20の各アルカリ蓄電池を作製した。
【0085】
そして、この実施例18及び比較例20の各アルカリ蓄電池についても、上記の実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜6のアルカリ蓄電池の場合と同様にして、放電容量が活性化後における1サイクル目の放電容量の60%に達するまでのサイクル数を求め、アルカリ電解液y1を用いた比較例20のアルカリ蓄電池におけるサイクル数を、サイクル寿命の基準値100として、各アルカリ蓄電池におけるサイクル寿命を求め、その結果を下記の表10に示した。
【0086】
【表10】
【0087】
この結果、実施例18及び比較例20のアルカリ蓄電池においても、上記の実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜6のアルカリ蓄電池の場合と同様に、水酸化リチウムの濃度が1.0規定になったアルカリ電解液A1を用いた実施例18のアルカリ蓄電池は、水酸化リチウムの濃度が0.5規定になったアルカリ電解液y1を用いた比較例20のアルカリ蓄電池に比べてサイクル寿命が向上していた。
【0088】
また、この実施例18のアルカリ蓄電池のように、イッテルビウムYbが2mol%固溶された水酸化ニッケルを用いた正極1fと、ニッケルメッキされたV60Ti25Cr15のバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金を用いた負極2cとを使用すると、サイクル寿命の向上が大きくなっていた。
【0089】
(実施例19及び比較例21)
実施例19及び比較例21においては、下記の表11に示すように、正極材料にコバルトCoとアルミニウムAlとがそれぞれ1mol%固溶された水酸化ニッケルを用いた正極1gを使用すると共に、負極材料にニッケルメッキされたV60Ti25Cr15のバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金を用いた負極2cを使用し、アルカリ電解液として、上記のアルカリ電解液A1,y1を用い、前記のようにして図1に示す円筒型になった実施例19及び比較例21の各アルカリ蓄電池を作製した。
【0090】
そして、この実施例19及び比較例21の各アルカリ蓄電池についても、上記の実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜6のアルカリ蓄電池の場合と同様にして、放電容量が活性化後における1サイクル目の放電容量の60%に達するまでのサイクル数を求め、アルカリ電解液y1を用いた比較例21のアルカリ蓄電池におけるサイクル数を、サイクル寿命の基準値100として、各アルカリ蓄電池におけるサイクル寿命を求め、その結果を下記の表11に示した。
【0091】
【表11】
【0092】
この結果、実施例19及び比較例21のアルカリ蓄電池においても、上記の実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜6のアルカリ蓄電池の場合と同様に、水酸化リチウムの濃度が1.0規定になったアルカリ電解液A1を用いた実施例19のアルカリ蓄電池は、水酸化リチウムの濃度が0.5規定になったアルカリ電解液y1を用いた比較例21のアルカリ蓄電池に比べてサイクル寿命が向上していた。
【0093】
また、この実施例19のアルカリ蓄電池のように、コバルトCoとアルミニウムAlとがそれぞれ1mol%固溶された水酸化ニッケルを用いた正極1gと、ニッケルメッキされたV60Ti25Cr15のバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金を用いた負極2cとを使用すると、サイクル寿命の向上が大きくなっていた。
【0094】
(比較例x1〜x4)
比較例x1〜x4においては、下記の表12に示すように、正極材料に水酸化ニッケルを用いた正極1aを使用すると共に、負極材料に希土類系水素吸蔵合金粉末を用いた負極xを使用し、アルカリ電解液として、上記のアルカリ電解液A1,A2,y1,y2を用い、前記のようにして図1に示す円筒型になった比較例x1〜x4の各アルカリ蓄電池を作製した。
【0095】
そして、この比較例x1〜x4の各アルカリ蓄電池についても、上記の実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜6のアルカリ蓄電池の場合と同様にして、放電容量が活性化後における1サイクル目の放電容量の60%に達するまでのサイクル数を求め、アルカリ電解液y1を用いた比較例x3のアルカリ蓄電池におけるサイクル数を、サイクル寿命の基準値100として、各アルカリ蓄電池におけるサイクル寿命を求め、その結果を下記の表12に示した。
【0096】
【表12】
【0097】
(比較例x5〜x8)
比較例x5〜x8においては、下記の表13に示すように、正極材料にコバルトCoが2mol%固溶された水酸化ニッケルを用いた正極1bを使用すると共に、負極材料に希土類系水素吸蔵合金粉末を用いた負極xを使用し、アルカリ電解液として、上記のアルカリ電解液A1,A2,y1,y2を用い、前記のようにして図1に示す円筒型になった比較例1〜4の各アルカリ蓄電池を作製した。
【0098】
そして、この比較例x5〜x8の各アルカリ蓄電池についても、上記の実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜6のアルカリ蓄電池の場合と同様にして、放電容量が活性化後における1サイクル目の放電容量の60%に達するまでのサイクル数を求め、アルカリ電解液y1を用いた比較例x7のアルカリ蓄電池におけるサイクル数を、サイクル寿命の基準値100として、各アルカリ蓄電池におけるサイクル寿命を求め、その結果を下記の表13に示した。
【0099】
【表13】
【0100】
ここで、上記の表12及び表13の結果から明らかなように、負極材料に希土類系水素吸蔵合金粉末を用いた負極xを使用した比較例x1〜x8の各アルカリ蓄電池においては、水酸化リチウムの濃度が1.0規定になったアルカリ電解液A1,A2を用いた場合においても、サイクル寿命が向上するということが殆どなかった。
【0101】
【発明の効果】
以上詳述したように、この発明におけるアルカリ蓄電池においては、負極にバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金を用いた場合において、アルカリ電解液として、少なくとも水酸化カリウムと水酸化リチウムとを含み、水酸化リチウムの濃度が1.0規定以上であり、かつこのアルカリ電解液中におけるアルカリ濃度が9.5規定以上であるものを用いるようにしたため、このアルカリ電解液中におけるリチウムイオンがバナジウム系水素吸蔵合金におけるバナジウムの表面に吸着して、バナジウム系水素吸蔵合金の表面が保護されるようになった。
【0102】
この結果、この発明におけるアルカリ蓄電池においては、バナジウム系水素吸蔵合金の耐食性が高められて、サイクル寿命が大きく向上した。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】この発明の実施例及び比較例において使用したアルカリ蓄電池の概略断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 正極
2 負極[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an alkaline storage battery using a hydrogen storage alloy for a negative electrode such as a nickel-hydrogen storage battery, and more particularly, an alkaline storage battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode using a vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy, and an alkaline electrolyte. However, it is characterized in that sufficient cycle characteristics can be obtained.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, alkaline storage batteries such as nickel-hydrogen storage batteries using a hydrogen storage alloy as a negative electrode have been widely used as alkaline storage batteries because of their high capacity and superior environmental safety compared to nickel-cadmium storage batteries. It became so.
[0003]
Here, in such an alkaline storage battery, potassium hydroxide is generally used as the alkaline electrolyte, and in recent years, as disclosed in JP-A-2-304874 and JP-A-4-212269. In addition, it has been proposed to use potassium hydroxide added with a small amount of sodium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide.
[0004]
Further, in a conventional alkaline storage battery, a rare earth-based hydrogen storage alloy using Mm (Mm is a misch metal which is a mixture of rare earth elements) or the like is generally used as a hydrogen storage alloy in the negative electrode.
[0005]
However, the rare-earth hydrogen storage alloy as described above is excellent in the reaction activity of storing and releasing hydrogen, but there is a problem that the amount of hydrogen storage is not sufficient and a high battery capacity cannot be obtained. In particular, in recent years, there has been a demand for higher capacity in order to use an alkaline storage battery using a hydrogen storage alloy electrode as a negative electrode as described above for a power source of various portable devices.
[0006]
For this reason, in recent years, it has been studied to use a vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy such as a V-Ti-Ni-based or V-Ti-Cr-based material containing vanadium having a high hydrogen storage capacity as a main component for the negative electrode. Yes.
[0007]
However, the vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy as described above has poor corrosion resistance compared to the rare earth-based hydrogen storage alloy, and vanadium in the vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy is oxidized and eluted into the alkaline electrolyte, resulting in a decrease in capacity. There was a problem that a sufficient cycle life could not be obtained.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems in an alkaline storage battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode using a vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy, and an alkaline electrolyte, and the vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy It is an object of the present invention to prevent vanadium from being oxidized and eluted into an alkaline electrolyte so as to obtain a sufficient cycle life.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the alkaline storage battery according to the present invention, in order to solve the above-described problems, an alkaline storage battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode using a vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy, and an alkaline electrolyte includes the above alkaline electrolyte. At least potassium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide are included, and the lithium hydroxide concentration is 1.0 N or more. And the alkali concentration in the alkaline electrolyte is 9.5 N or more. I did it.
[0010]
And like the alkaline storage battery in this invention, it contains at least potassium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide, and the concentration of lithium hydroxide is 1.0 N or more. And the alkali concentration in the alkaline electrolyte is 9.5 N or more. When an alkaline electrolyte is used, lithium ions in the alkaline electrolyte are adsorbed on the surface of vanadium in the vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy, thereby protecting the surface of the vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy, thereby protecting the vanadium-based hydrogen storage. The corrosion resistance of the alloy is improved and the cycle life of the alkaline storage battery is improved.
[0011]
Further, when the alkali concentration in the alkaline electrolyte is 10.0 N or more, the corrosion resistance of the vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy is further improved, and the cycle life of the alkaline storage battery is further improved.
[0012]
Further, when nickel plating is performed on the surface of the vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy, the nickel plating further improves the corrosion resistance of the vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy, thereby further improving the cycle life of the alkaline storage battery.
[0013]
Moreover, in the alkaline storage battery in this invention, nickel hydroxide generally used for the positive electrode can be used. In particular, when nickel hydroxide in which at least one element selected from Co, Al, Mn, Y, and Yb is used as a solid solution is used, lithium ions are taken into the positive electrode, and in the alkaline electrolyte. Since lithium ions are decreased, the cycle life of the alkaline storage battery is sufficiently improved by increasing the concentration of lithium hydroxide in the alkaline electrolyte as described above.
[0014]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the alkaline storage battery according to the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples, and in the alkaline storage battery according to the examples of the present invention, it will be clarified with a comparative example that the cycle life is improved. The alkaline storage battery in the present invention is not particularly limited to those shown in the following examples, and can be implemented with appropriate modifications within a range not changing the gist thereof.
[0015]
Here, in the following examples and comparative examples, a cylindrical alkaline storage battery as shown in FIG. 1 having a theoretical capacity of 600 mAh was produced.
[0016]
Then, the above cylindrical alkaline storage battery is manufactured. In In this case, as shown in FIG. 1, the
[0017]
Moreover, in the alkaline storage batteries of the following Examples and Comparative Examples, the positive electrodes 1a to 1g and the negative electrodes 2a to 2c, x produced as described below are used, and the alkaline electrolyte A1 prepared as follows. -A4, y1-y6 were used.
[0018]
(Preparation of positive electrodes 1a to 1g)
As the positive electrode material, nickel hydroxide is used in the positive electrode 1a, nickel hydroxide in which 2 mol% of cobalt Co is dissolved in the positive electrode 1b, and nickel hydroxide in which 2 mol% of aluminum Al is dissolved in the positive electrode 1c. In 1d, nickel hydroxide in which 2 mol% of manganese Mn was dissolved, nickel hydroxide in which 2 mol% of yttrium Y was dissolved in the positive electrode 1e, and hydroxide in which 2 mol% of ytterbium Yb was dissolved in the positive electrode 1f. Nickel hydroxide was used in which 1 mol% of cobalt Co and aluminum Al were dissolved in 1 g of the positive electrode.
[0019]
Then, 100 parts by weight of these positive electrode materials are mixed with an aqueous solution containing 10% by weight of a hydroxypropyl cellulose binder at a ratio of 1 part by weight to prepare a slurry, and this slurry is filled in a foam metal. These were dried and rolled, and then cut into a predetermined size to produce positive electrodes 1a to 1g.
[0020]
(Preparation of negative electrode 2a)
V, Ti, and Ni are mixed at a molar ratio of 60:25:15, melted in an arc melting furnace, cooled, and V 60 Ti twenty five Ni 15 After obtaining a mass of vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy having a composition of V, the hydrogen was pulverized by absorbing and releasing hydrogen into the mass of the vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy, and the average particle size became 30 μm. 60 Ti twenty five Ni 15 Vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy powder was obtained.
[0021]
A slurry was prepared by mixing an aqueous solution containing 10% by weight of polyethylene oxide as a binder with 100 parts by weight of the vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy powder, and the slurry was nickel-plated. It apply | coated to the electrical power collector which consists of punching metals, and after drying and rolling this, it cut | judged to the predetermined magnitude | size and produced the negative electrode 2a.
[0022]
(Preparation of negative electrode 2b)
V, Ti, and Ni are mixed at a molar ratio of 60:25:15, melted in an arc melting furnace, cooled, and V 60 Ti twenty five Ni 15 After obtaining a mass of vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy having a composition of V, the hydrogen was pulverized by absorbing and releasing hydrogen into the mass of the vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy, and the average particle size became 30 μm. 60 Ti twenty five Ni 15 Vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy powder was obtained. Next, nickel plating is applied to the vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy powder, and nickel is attached to the vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy powder so that the amount of nickel is about 7% by weight. The nickel-plated V was heat-treated at 700 ° C. for 1 hour. 60 Ti twenty five Ni 15 Vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy powder was obtained.
[0023]
And this nickel-plated V 60 Ti twenty five Ni 15 Then, a negative electrode 2b was produced in the same manner as in the case of the negative electrode 2a.
[0024]
(Preparation of negative electrode 2c)
V, Ti, and Cr are mixed at a molar ratio of 60:25:15, melted in an arc melting furnace, cooled, and V 60 Ti twenty five Cr 15 After obtaining a mass of vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy having a composition of V, hydrogen was pulverized by absorbing and releasing hydrogen into this mass of vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy, and the average particle size became V = 30 μm. 60 Ti twenty five Cr 15 Vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy powder was obtained. Next, nickel plating is applied to the vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy powder, and nickel is attached to the vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy powder so that the amount thereof is about 7% by weight. The nickel-plated V was heat-treated at 700 ° C. for 1 hour. 60 Ti twenty five Cr 15 Vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy powder was obtained.
[0025]
And this nickel-plated V 60 Ti twenty five Cr 15 Then, a negative electrode 2c was produced in the same manner as in the case of the negative electrode 2a.
[0026]
(Preparation of negative electrode x)
Mm, Ni, Co, Al, and Mn were mixed at a molar ratio of 1: 3.6: 0.6: 0.3: 0.5, and this was melted in an arc melting furnace and cooled. Let MmNi 3.6 Co 0.6 Al 0.3 Mn 0.5 After obtaining a rare earth-based hydrogen storage alloy lump having the composition: MmNi having an average particle size of 30 μm by mechanically grinding this rare-earth hydrogen storage alloy lump. 3.6 Co 0.6 Al 0.3 Mn 0.5 A rare earth hydrogen storage alloy powder having the following composition was obtained.
[0027]
And this MmNi 3.6 Co 0.6 Al 0.3 Mn 0.5 A rare earth hydrogen storage alloy powder having the following composition was used, and thereafter, a negative electrode x was produced in the same manner as in the case of the negative electrode 2a.
[0028]
(Preparation of alkaline electrolyte A1)
The alkaline electrolyte A1 was prepared such that the potassium hydroxide concentration was 8.5 N, the lithium hydroxide concentration was 1.0 N, and the overall alkali concentration was 9.5 N.
[0029]
(Preparation of alkaline electrolyte A2)
The alkaline electrolyte A2 was prepared so that the concentration of potassium hydroxide was 9.0 N, the concentration of lithium hydroxide was 1.0 N, and the total alkali concentration was 10.0 N.
[0030]
(Preparation of alkaline electrolyte A3)
The alkaline electrolyte A3 was prepared so that the potassium hydroxide concentration was 8.9 N, the lithium hydroxide concentration was 1.1 N, and the overall alkali concentration was 10.0 N.
[0031]
(Preparation of alkaline electrolyte A4)
The alkaline electrolyte A2 was prepared so that the concentration of potassium hydroxide was 8.5 N, the concentration of lithium hydroxide was 1.5 N, and the total alkali concentration was 10.0 N.
[0032]
(Preparation of alkaline electrolyte y1)
The alkaline electrolyte y1 was prepared so that the concentration of potassium hydroxide was 9.0 N, the concentration of lithium hydroxide was 0.5 N, and the total alkali concentration was 9.5 N.
[0033]
(Preparation of alkaline electrolyte y2)
The alkaline electrolyte y2 was prepared so that the potassium hydroxide concentration was 9.5 N, the lithium hydroxide concentration was 0.5 N, and the total alkali concentration was 10.0 N.
[0034]
(Preparation of alkaline electrolyte y3)
The alkaline electrolyte y3 was prepared such that the potassium hydroxide concentration was 9.4 N, the lithium hydroxide concentration was 0.6 N, and the total alkali concentration was 10.0 N.
[0035]
(Preparation of alkaline electrolyte y4)
The alkaline electrolyte y4 was prepared so that the concentration of potassium hydroxide was 9.3 N, the concentration of lithium hydroxide was 0.7 N, and the total alkali concentration was 10.0 N.
[0036]
(Preparation of alkaline electrolyte y5)
The alkaline electrolyte y5 was prepared such that the potassium hydroxide concentration was 9.2 N, the lithium hydroxide concentration was 0.8 N, and the total alkali concentration was 10.0 N.
[0037]
(Preparation of alkaline electrolyte y6)
The alkaline electrolyte y6 was prepared so that the concentration of potassium hydroxide was 9.1 N, the concentration of lithium hydroxide was 0.9 N, and the total alkali concentration was 10.0 N.
[0038]
(Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-6)
In Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6, as shown in Table 1 below, the positive electrode 1a using nickel hydroxide was used as the positive electrode material, and V was used as the negative electrode material. 60 Ti twenty five Ni 15 The negative electrode 2a using the vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy is used, and the alkaline electrolytes A1 to A4 and y1 to y6 described above are used as the alkaline electrolyte, and the cylindrical shape shown in FIG. Each alkaline storage battery of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-6 was produced.
[0039]
Each of the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 was charged with a constant current of 60 mA for 16 hours, and then discharged with a constant current of 120 mA until the end-of-discharge voltage reached 1.00 V. Then, charging and discharging for 5 cycles was repeated with this as one cycle, and each alkaline storage battery was activated.
[0040]
Next, each of the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 thus activated was charged until the voltage dropped by 10 mV from the peak voltage fully charged with a constant current of 600 mA. After being allowed to stand for a period of time, it was discharged at a constant current of 600 mA until the end-of-discharge voltage reached 1.00 V and left for 1 hour, and this was taken as one cycle, and charging / discharging was repeated for one cycle after the activation of the discharge capacity. The number of cycles to reach 60% of the eye discharge capacity was determined.
[0041]
And the cycle life in each alkaline storage battery was calculated | required by making the cycle number in the alkaline storage battery of the comparative example 1 using the alkaline electrolyte y1 into the reference value 100 of a cycle life, The result was shown in following Table 1.
[0042]
[Table 1]
[0043]
As a result, V 60 Ti twenty five Ni 15 In alkaline storage batteries of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 using the negative electrode a1 using the vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy, alkaline electrolytes A1 to A4 having a lithium hydroxide concentration of 1.0 N were used. The used alkaline storage batteries of Examples 1 to 4 have improved cycle life compared to the alkaline storage batteries of Comparative Examples 1 to 6 using alkaline electrolytes y1 to y6 in which the concentration of lithium hydroxide is less than 1.0 N. In particular, in the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 2 to 4 using the alkaline electrolytes A2 to A4 having a total alkali concentration of 10.0 N, the cycle life was further improved.
[0044]
(Examples 5 and 6 and Comparative Examples 7 and 8)
In Examples 5 and 6 and Comparative Examples 7 and 8, as shown in Table 2 below, the positive electrode 1b using nickel hydroxide in which 2 mol% of cobalt Co was dissolved in the positive electrode material was used, and the negative electrode material was used. V 60 Ti twenty five Ni 15 The negative electrode 2a using the vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy is used, and the alkaline electrolyte A1, A2, y1, y2 is used as the alkaline electrolyte, and the cylindrical shape shown in FIG. The alkaline storage batteries of Examples 5 and 6 and Comparative Examples 7 and 8 were produced.
[0045]
And also about each alkaline storage battery of this Examples 5, 6 and Comparative Examples 7 and 8, similarly to the case of the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6, the discharge capacity is activated. The number of cycles until the discharge capacity reaches 60% of the first cycle discharge capacity is determined, and the cycle number in the alkaline storage battery of Comparative Example 7 using the alkaline electrolyte y1 is defined as the cycle life reference value 100. The lifetime was determined and the results are shown in Table 2 below.
[0046]
[Table 2]
[0047]
As a result, in the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 5 and 6 and Comparative Examples 7 and 8, as in the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6, the lithium hydroxide concentration was 1. The alkaline storage batteries of Examples 5 and 6 using the alkaline electrolytes A1 and A2 having 0 normality are Comparative Examples 7 and 7 using the alkaline electrolytes y1 and y2 having a lithium hydroxide concentration of 0.5 normalization. The cycle life is improved as compared with the alkaline storage battery of No. 8, especially in the alkaline storage battery of Example 6 using the alkaline electrolyte A2 in which the total alkali concentration becomes 10.0 regulations, the cycle life is further improved. Was.
[0048]
Further, comparing the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 1 and 2 with the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 5 and 6, Example 5 using positive electrode 1b using nickel hydroxide in which 2 mol% of cobalt Co was dissolved. In the case of the alkaline storage battery No. 6, the cycle life was further improved.
[0049]
(Examples 7 and 8 and Comparative Examples 9 and 10)
In Examples 7 and 8 and Comparative Examples 9 and 10, as shown in Table 3 below, the positive electrode 1a using nickel hydroxide as the positive electrode material was used, and the negative electrode material was plated with nickel. 60 Ti twenty five Ni 15 The negative electrode 2b using the vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy is used, and the alkaline electrolyte A1, A2, y1, y2 is used as the alkaline electrolyte, and the cylindrical shape shown in FIG. The alkaline storage batteries of Examples 7 and 8 and Comparative Examples 9 and 10 were produced.
[0050]
And about each alkaline storage battery of this Examples 7 and 8 and Comparative Examples 9 and 10, similarly to the case of the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6, the discharge capacity is activated. The number of cycles required to reach 60% of the discharge capacity of the first cycle in the battery is determined, and the cycle number in the alkaline storage battery of Comparative Example 9 using the alkaline electrolyte y1 is defined as the cycle life reference value 100. The lifetime was determined and the results are shown in Table 3 below.
[0051]
[Table 3]
[0052]
As a result, also in the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 7 and 8 and Comparative Examples 9 and 10, the concentration of lithium hydroxide was 1 as in the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 described above. The alkaline storage batteries of Examples 7 and 8 using the alkaline electrolytes A1 and A2 having 0 normality are comparative examples 9 and 9 using the alkaline electrolytes y1 and y2 having a lithium hydroxide concentration of 0.5 normalization. The cycle life is improved as compared with the alkaline storage battery of No. 10, especially in the alkaline storage battery of Example 8 using the alkaline electrolyte A2 having an overall alkali concentration of 10.0 standards, the cycle life is further improved. Was.
[0053]
Further, when comparing the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 1 and 2 with the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 7 and 8, nickel-plated V 60 Ti twenty five Ni 15 In the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 7 and 8 using the negative electrode 2b using the vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy, the cycle life was further improved.
[0054]
(Examples 9 and 10 and Comparative Examples 11 and 12)
In Examples 9 and 10 and Comparative Examples 11 and 12, as shown in Table 4 below, the positive electrode 1b using nickel hydroxide in which 2 mol% of cobalt Co was dissolved in the positive electrode material was used, and the negative electrode material was used. Nickel-plated V 60 Ti twenty five Ni 15 The negative electrode 2b using the vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy was used, and the alkaline electrolytes A1, A2, y1, and y2 were used as the alkaline electrolyte, and the cylindrical shape shown in FIG. The alkaline storage batteries of Examples 9 and 10 and Comparative Examples 11 and 12 were produced.
[0055]
And about each alkaline storage battery of this Example 9, 10 and Comparative Examples 11 and 12, similarly to the case of the alkaline storage battery of said Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-6, discharge capacity is after activation. The number of cycles required to reach 60% of the discharge capacity at the first cycle in the battery is determined, and the cycle number in the alkaline storage battery of Comparative Example 11 using the alkaline electrolyte y1 is defined as the cycle life reference value 100. The lifetime was determined and the results are shown in Table 4 below.
[0056]
[Table 4]
[0057]
As a result, also in the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 9 and 10 and Comparative Examples 11 and 12, the concentration of lithium hydroxide was 1 as in the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 described above. The alkaline storage batteries of Examples 9 and 10 using the alkaline electrolytes A1 and A2 having 0 normality are comparative examples 11 and 10 using the alkaline electrolytes y1 and y2 having a lithium hydroxide concentration of 0.5 normalization. The cycle life is improved as compared with 12 alkaline storage batteries, and in particular, in the alkaline storage battery of Example 10 using the alkaline electrolyte A2 in which the total alkali concentration is 10.0 regulations, the cycle life is further improved. Was.
[0058]
Further, comparing the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 7 and 8 and the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 9 and 10, Example 9 and Example 9 using the positive electrode 1b using nickel hydroxide in which 2 mol% of cobalt Co was dissolved. In the case of 10 alkaline storage battery, the cycle life was further improved.
[0059]
(Examples 11 and 12 and Comparative Examples 13 and 14)
In Examples 11 and 12 and Comparative Examples 13 and 14, as shown in Table 5 below, the positive electrode 1a using nickel hydroxide as the positive electrode material was used, and the negative electrode material was plated with nickel. 60 Ti twenty five Cr 15 The negative electrode 2c using the vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy is used, and the alkaline electrolyte A1, A2, y1, y2 is used as the alkaline electrolyte, and the cylindrical shape shown in FIG. The alkaline storage batteries of Examples 11 and 12 and Comparative Examples 13 and 14 were produced.
[0060]
And also about each alkaline storage battery of Examples 11 and 12 and Comparative Examples 13 and 14, in the same manner as in the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6, the discharge capacity is activated. The number of cycles required to reach 60% of the discharge capacity at the first cycle in the battery is determined, and the cycle number in the alkaline storage battery of Comparative Example 13 using the alkaline electrolyte y1 is defined as the cycle life reference value 100. The lifetime was determined and the results are shown in Table 5 below.
[0061]
[Table 5]
[0062]
As a result, also in the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 11 and 12 and Comparative Examples 13 and 14, the concentration of lithium hydroxide was 1. as in the case of the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-6. The alkaline storage batteries of Examples 11 and 12 using the alkaline electrolytes A1 and A2 having 0 normality are comparative examples 13 and 12 using the alkaline electrolytes y1 and y2 having a lithium hydroxide concentration of 0.5 normalization. The cycle life is improved as compared with 14 alkaline storage batteries, and in particular, the cycle life is further improved in the alkaline storage battery of Example 12 using the alkaline electrolyte A2 in which the overall alkali concentration is 10.0 regulations. Was.
[0063]
Further, when comparing the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 1 and 2 with the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 11 and 12, the nickel-plated V 60 Ti twenty five Cr 15 In the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 11 and 12 using the negative electrode 2c using the vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy, the cycle life was further improved.
[0064]
(Examples 13 and 14 and Comparative Examples 15 and 16)
In Examples 13 and 14 and Comparative Examples 15 and 16, as shown in Table 6 below, the positive electrode 1b using nickel hydroxide in which 2 mol% of cobalt Co was dissolved in the positive electrode material was used, and the negative electrode material was used. Nickel-plated V 60 Ti twenty five Cr 15 The negative electrode 2c using the vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy is used, and the alkaline electrolyte A1, A2, y1, y2 is used as the alkaline electrolyte, and the cylindrical shape shown in FIG. The alkaline storage batteries of Examples 13 and 14 and Comparative Examples 15 and 16 were produced.
[0065]
And about each alkaline storage battery of Examples 13 and 14 and Comparative Examples 15 and 16, the discharge capacity is activated in the same manner as in the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 above. The number of cycles until the discharge capacity reaches 60% of the first cycle discharge capacity is determined, and the cycle number in the alkaline storage battery of Comparative Example 15 using the alkaline electrolyte y1 is defined as the cycle life reference value 100. The cycle in each alkaline storage battery The lifetime was determined and the results are shown in Table 6 below.
[0066]
[Table 6]
[0067]
As a result, also in the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 13 and 14 and Comparative Examples 15 and 16, the concentration of lithium hydroxide was 1 as in the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 described above. The alkaline storage batteries of Examples 13 and 14 using the alkaline electrolytes A1 and A2 having 0 normality are Comparative Examples 15 and 14 using the alkaline electrolytes y1 and y2 having a lithium hydroxide concentration of 0.5 normalization. The cycle life is improved as compared with 16 alkaline storage batteries, and in particular, in the alkaline storage battery of Example 14 using the alkaline electrolyte A2 having an overall alkali concentration of 10.0 standards, the cycle life is further improved. Was.
[0068]
Further, comparing the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 11 and 12 with the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 13 and 14, Example 13 using the positive electrode 1b using nickel hydroxide in which 2 mol% of cobalt Co was dissolved. In the case of 14 alkaline storage batteries, the cycle life was further improved.
[0069]
(Example 15 and Comparative Example 17)
In Example 15 and Comparative Example 17, as shown in Table 7 below, the positive electrode 1c using nickel hydroxide in which 2 mol% of aluminum Al was dissolved in the positive electrode material was used, and the negative electrode material was nickel plated. V 60 Ti twenty five Cr 15 Example 15 in which the negative electrode 2c using the vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy was used, the alkaline electrolyte A1 and y1 were used as the alkaline electrolyte, and the cylindrical shape shown in FIG. Each alkaline storage battery of Example 17 was produced.
[0070]
And also about each alkaline storage battery of this Example 15 and the comparative example 17, it is the 1st cycle after discharge capacity is activated similarly to the case of the alkaline storage battery of said Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-6. The number of cycles until reaching 60% of the discharge capacity of the alkaline storage battery of Comparative Example 17 using the alkaline electrolyte y1 as the cycle life reference value 100, the cycle life of each alkaline storage battery is determined, The results are shown in Table 7 below.
[0071]
[Table 7]
[0072]
As a result, also in the alkaline storage batteries of Example 15 and Comparative Example 17, the concentration of lithium hydroxide becomes 1.0 regulation as in the case of the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-6. The alkaline storage battery of Example 15 using the alkaline electrolyte A1 has improved cycle life compared to the alkaline storage battery of Comparative Example 17 using the alkaline electrolyte y1 having a lithium hydroxide concentration of 0.5 N. It was.
[0073]
Further, as in the alkaline storage battery of Example 15, a positive electrode 1c using nickel hydroxide in which 2 mol% of aluminum Al was dissolved, and nickel-plated V 60 Ti twenty five Cr 15 When the negative electrode 2c using a vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy was used, the cycle life was greatly improved.
[0074]
(Example 16 and Comparative Example 18)
In Example 16 and Comparative Example 18, as shown in Table 8 below, the positive electrode 1d using nickel hydroxide in which 2 mol% of manganese Mn was dissolved in the positive electrode material was used, and the negative electrode material was nickel plated. V 60 Ti twenty five Cr 15 Example 16 using the negative electrode 2c using the vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy and the above-described alkaline electrolyte A1, y1 as the alkaline electrolyte and the cylindrical shape shown in FIG. Each alkaline storage battery of Example 18 was produced.
[0075]
And also about each alkaline storage battery of this Example 16 and Comparative Example 18, it is the 1st cycle after discharge capacity after activation similarly to the case of the alkaline storage battery of said Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-6. The number of cycles until reaching 60% of the discharge capacity of the alkaline storage battery of Comparative Example 18 using the alkaline electrolyte y1 as the cycle life reference value 100, the cycle life of each alkaline storage battery is determined, The results are shown in Table 8 below.
[0076]
[Table 8]
[0077]
As a result, also in the alkaline storage batteries of Example 16 and Comparative Example 18, the concentration of lithium hydroxide becomes 1.0 regulation as in the case of the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-6. The alkaline storage battery of Example 16 using the alkaline electrolyte A1 has improved cycle life compared to the alkaline storage battery of Comparative Example 18 using the alkaline electrolyte y1 having a lithium hydroxide concentration of 0.5 N. It was.
[0078]
In addition, like the alkaline storage battery of Example 16, a positive electrode 1d using nickel hydroxide in which 2 mol% of manganese Mn was dissolved, and nickel-plated V 60 Ti twenty five Cr 15 When the negative electrode 2c using a vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy was used, the cycle life was greatly improved.
[0079]
(Example 17 and Comparative Example 19)
In Example 17 and Comparative Example 19, as shown in Table 9 below, the positive electrode 1e using nickel hydroxide in which 2 mol% of yttrium Y was dissolved in the positive electrode material was used, and the negative electrode material was nickel-plated. V 60 Ti twenty five Cr 15 Example 17 using the negative electrode 2c using the vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy and the above-described alkaline electrolyte A1, y1 as the alkaline electrolyte and the cylindrical shape shown in FIG. Each alkaline storage battery of Example 19 was produced.
[0080]
And also about each alkaline storage battery of this Example 17 and Comparative Example 19, it is the 1st cycle after discharge capacity after activation similarly to the case of the alkaline storage battery of said Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-6. The number of cycles to reach 60% of the discharge capacity of the battery, and the cycle number in the alkaline storage battery of Comparative Example 19 using the alkaline electrolyte y1 as the cycle life reference value 100, the cycle life in each alkaline storage battery, The results are shown in Table 9 below.
[0081]
[Table 9]
[0082]
As a result, also in the alkaline storage batteries of Example 17 and Comparative Example 19, the concentration of lithium hydroxide becomes 1.0 regulation as in the case of the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-6. The alkaline storage battery of Example 17 using the alkaline electrolyte A1 has improved cycle life compared to the alkaline storage battery of Comparative Example 19 using the alkaline electrolyte y1 having a lithium hydroxide concentration of 0.5 N. It was.
[0083]
Further, like the alkaline storage battery of Example 17, the positive electrode 1e using nickel hydroxide in which 2 mol% of yttrium Y was dissolved, and nickel-plated V 60 Ti twenty five Cr 15 When the negative electrode 2c using the vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy was used, the cycle life was greatly improved.
[0084]
(Example 18 and Comparative Example 20)
In Example 18 and Comparative Example 20, as shown in Table 10 below, the positive electrode 1f using nickel hydroxide in which 2 mol% of ytterbium Yb was dissolved in the positive electrode material was used, and the negative electrode material was nickel-plated. V 60 Ti twenty five Cr 15 Example 18 using the negative electrode 2c using the vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy and the above-described alkaline electrolyte A1, y1 as the alkaline electrolyte and the cylindrical shape shown in FIG. Each alkaline storage battery of Example 20 was produced.
[0085]
And about each alkaline storage battery of this Example 18 and Comparative Example 20, it is the 1st cycle after discharge capacity after activation similarly to the case of the alkaline storage battery of said Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-6. The number of cycles to reach 60% of the discharge capacity of the battery, and the cycle number in the alkaline storage battery of Comparative Example 20 using the alkaline electrolyte y1 as the cycle life reference value 100, the cycle life in each alkaline storage battery is determined, The results are shown in Table 10 below.
[0086]
[Table 10]
[0087]
As a result, also in the alkaline storage batteries of Example 18 and Comparative Example 20, the concentration of lithium hydroxide becomes 1.0 regulation as in the case of the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-6. The alkaline storage battery of Example 18 using the alkaline electrolyte A1 has improved cycle life compared to the alkaline storage battery of Comparative Example 20 using the alkaline electrolyte y1 having a lithium hydroxide concentration of 0.5 N. It was.
[0088]
Further, like the alkaline storage battery of Example 18, a positive electrode 1f using nickel hydroxide in which 2 mol% of ytterbium Yb was dissolved, and nickel-plated V 60 Ti twenty five Cr 15 When the negative electrode 2c using a vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy was used, the cycle life was greatly improved.
[0089]
(Example 19 and Comparative Example 21)
In Example 19 and Comparative Example 21, as shown in Table 11 below, 1 g of a positive electrode using nickel hydroxide in which 1 mol% of cobalt Co and aluminum Al are dissolved in the positive electrode material is used as the negative electrode. V plated with nickel on the material 60 Ti twenty five Cr 15 Example 19 using the negative electrode 2c using the vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy and the above-described alkaline electrolyte A1, y1 as the alkaline electrolyte and the cylindrical shape shown in FIG. Each alkaline storage battery of Example 21 was produced.
[0090]
And about each alkaline storage battery of this Example 19 and Comparative Example 21, it is the 1st cycle after discharge capacity after activation similarly to the case of the alkaline storage battery of said Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-6. The number of cycles until reaching 60% of the discharge capacity of the alkaline storage battery was determined, the cycle number in the alkaline storage battery of Comparative Example 21 using the alkaline electrolyte y1 as the cycle life reference value 100, the cycle life in each alkaline storage battery was determined, The results are shown in Table 11 below.
[0091]
[Table 11]
[0092]
As a result, also in the alkaline storage batteries of Example 19 and Comparative Example 21, the concentration of lithium hydroxide becomes 1.0 regulation as in the case of the alkaline storage batteries of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-6. The alkaline storage battery of Example 19 using the alkaline electrolyte A1 has improved cycle life compared to the alkaline storage battery of Comparative Example 21 using the alkaline electrolyte y1 having a lithium hydroxide concentration of 0.5 N. It was.
[0093]
In addition, as in the alkaline storage battery of Example 19, 1 g of a positive electrode using nickel hydroxide in which 1 mol% of cobalt Co and aluminum Al were dissolved, and nickel-plated V 60 Ti twenty five Cr 15 When the negative electrode 2c using a vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy was used, the cycle life was greatly improved.
[0094]
(Comparative Examples x1 to x4)
In Comparative Examples x1 to x4, as shown in Table 12 below, the positive electrode 1a using nickel hydroxide as the positive electrode material and the negative electrode x using rare earth-based hydrogen storage alloy powder as the negative electrode material were used. As the alkaline electrolyte, the alkaline electrolytes A1, A2, y1, and y2 described above were used, and the alkaline storage batteries of Comparative Examples x1 to x4 having the cylindrical shape shown in FIG.
[0095]
And also about each alkaline storage battery of this comparative example x1-x4, it is the discharge of the 1st cycle after discharge capacity is activated similarly to the case of the alkaline storage battery of said Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-6. The number of cycles to reach 60% of the capacity was determined, the number of cycles in the alkaline storage battery of Comparative Example x3 using the alkaline electrolyte y1 was taken as the cycle life reference value 100, and the cycle life in each alkaline storage battery was determined. Is shown in Table 12 below.
[0096]
[Table 12]
[0097]
(Comparative Examples x5 to x8)
In Comparative Examples x5 to x8, as shown in Table 13 below, the positive electrode 1b using nickel hydroxide in which 2 mol% of cobalt Co was dissolved in the positive electrode material was used, and the rare earth-based hydrogen storage alloy was used as the negative electrode material. Using the negative electrode x using powder and using the above alkaline electrolytes A1, A2, y1, and y2 as alkaline electrolytes, the cylindrical shapes shown in FIG. Each alkaline storage battery was produced.
[0098]
And also about each alkaline storage battery of this comparative example x5-x8, it is the discharge of the 1st cycle after discharge capacity is activated similarly to the case of the alkaline storage battery of said Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-6. The number of cycles to reach 60% of the capacity was determined, the number of cycles in the alkaline storage battery of Comparative Example x7 using the alkaline electrolyte y1 was taken as the cycle life reference value 100, and the cycle life in each alkaline storage battery was determined. Is shown in Table 13 below.
[0099]
[Table 13]
[0100]
Here, as is clear from the results of Table 12 and Table 13 above, in each of the alkaline storage batteries of Comparative Examples x1 to x8 using the negative electrode x using a rare earth-based hydrogen storage alloy powder as the negative electrode material, lithium hydroxide Even when alkaline electrolytes A1 and A2 having a concentration of 1.0 were used, the cycle life was hardly improved.
[0101]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, in the alkaline storage battery according to the present invention, when a vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy is used for the negative electrode, the alkaline electrolyte contains at least potassium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide, and the concentration of lithium hydroxide 1.0 or more And the alkali concentration in the alkaline electrolyte is 9.5 N or more. Since a lithium ion was used, lithium ions in the alkaline electrolyte were adsorbed on the vanadium surface in the vanadium hydrogen storage alloy, and the surface of the vanadium hydrogen storage alloy was protected.
[0102]
As a result, in the alkaline storage battery according to the present invention, the corrosion resistance of the vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy was enhanced, and the cycle life was greatly improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an alkaline storage battery used in Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Positive electrode
2 Negative electrode
Claims (4)
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