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JP4239133B2 - Electrophotographic photoreceptor and method for producing the same - Google Patents
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JP4239133B2 - Electrophotographic photoreceptor and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Electrophotographic photoreceptor and method for producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4239133B2
JP4239133B2 JP2001105892A JP2001105892A JP4239133B2 JP 4239133 B2 JP4239133 B2 JP 4239133B2 JP 2001105892 A JP2001105892 A JP 2001105892A JP 2001105892 A JP2001105892 A JP 2001105892A JP 4239133 B2 JP4239133 B2 JP 4239133B2
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electrophotographic photoreceptor
photoreceptor
phosphate
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JP2002303996A (en
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洋一 中村
宏一 会沢
輝夫 佐々木
健一 原
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Fuji Electric Co Ltd
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Fuji Electric Device Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to KR1020020017257A priority patent/KR100562626B1/en
Priority to CNB02107674XA priority patent/CN100422857C/en
Priority to DE10214443A priority patent/DE10214443A1/en
Priority to US10/114,312 priority patent/US6720121B2/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03GELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00Recording-members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat or to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/04Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
    • G03G5/06Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03GELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00Recording-members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat or to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/04Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
    • G03G5/05Organic bonding materials; Methods for coating a substrate with a photoconductive layer; Inert supplements for use in photoconductive layers
    • G03G5/0503Inert supplements
    • G03G5/051Organic non-macromolecular compounds
    • G03G5/0517Organic non-macromolecular compounds comprising one or more cyclic groups consisting of carbon-atoms only
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03GELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00Recording-members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat or to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/04Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S430/00Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
    • Y10S430/001Electric or magnetic imagery, e.g., xerography, electrography, magnetography, etc. Process, composition, or product
    • Y10S430/103Radiation sensitive composition or product containing specified antioxidant

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は電子写真方式のプリンター、複写機、ファクシミリなどに用いられる電子写真用感光体(以下、単に「感光体」とも称する)およびその製造方法に関し、詳しくは、感光体の感光層およびその形成用塗布液における添加剤の改良により、優れた残留電位特性および繰返し電位特性を有する電子写真用感光体およびその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般に、電子写真用感光体には、暗所で表面電荷を保持する機能と、光を受容して電荷を発生する機能と、同じく光を受容して発生した電荷を輸送する機能とが要求され、一つの層でこれらの機能を併せ持ったいわゆる単層型感光体と、主として電荷発生に寄与する層と暗所での表面電荷の保持および光受容時の電荷輸送に寄与する層とに機能分離した2つの層を積層したいわゆる積層型感光体とがある。
【0003】
これらの電子写真用感光体を用いた電子写真法による画像形成には、例えば、カールソン法が適用される。この方式での画像形成は、暗所での感光体へのコロナ放電による帯電と、帯電された感光体表面上への原稿の文字や絵などの静電画像の形成と、形成された静電画像のトナーによる現像と、現像されたトナー像の紙などの支持体への転写定着とにより行われ、トナー像転写後の感光体は、除電、残留トナーの除去、光除電などを行った後、再使用に供される。
【0004】
従来より、上述の電子写真用感光体の感光材料としては、セレン、セレン合金、酸化亜鉛あるいは硫化カドミウムなどの無機光導電性物質を樹脂結着材中に分散させたものの他に、ポリ−N−ビニルカルバゾール、9,10−アントラセンジオールポリエステル、ヒドラゾン、スチルベン、ブタジエン、ベンジジン、フタロシアニンまたはビスアゾ化合物などの有機光導電性物質を樹脂結着材中に溶解・分散させたもの、または真空蒸着若しくは昇華させたものなどが利用されている。
【0005】
従来より、かかる感光体の性能向上や欠陥・不良の防止等の目的で、感光材料についての検討が様々に重ねられてきており、感光体やその製造方法の改良技術が種々提案されている。また、感光体の感光層中に種々の添加剤を含有させることにより感光体性能の改良を図ることも一般的に行われている。
【0006】
電子写真の分野において、かかる添加剤としてリン酸エステル化合物を用いることは公知であり、特にリン酸トリフェニルを用いる例としては、特開昭53−59429号、特開平8−314240号および米国特許5759727号等において、可撓性や柔軟性を得るための可塑剤または透明化剤としてのリン酸トリフェニルの使用が記載されている。また、特開平8−297373号においては、高温高湿環境下においても繰り返し使用による残留電位の蓄積が少なく、耐久性に優れた電子写真感光体を得るために、リン酸トリフェニルが使用されている。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上述のように、電子写真用感光体およびその製造方法については、これまでに種々検討されてきているが、必ずしも十分な要求性能を満足するものが得られているとは言えず、特に、残留電位特性および繰返し電位特性において、さらなる改良が求められていた。
【0008】
そこで本発明の目的は、電子写真用感光体に関し添加剤としてこれまで用いられていなかった化合物を使用することにより、特に残留電位特性および繰返し電位特性に優れた電子写真用感光体およびその製造方法を提供することにある。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決すべく鋭意検討した結果、電子写真用感光体の感光層中に添加剤としてのリン酸トリ(4−ニトロフェニル)を含有させることにより、残留電位および繰返し電位がともに大幅に低下することを見出して、本発明を完成するに至った。上述したように、添加剤としてリン酸トリフェニル等のリン酸エステル化合物を使用した技術は知られているが、これらの公知技術ではリン酸トリ(4−ニトロフェニル)については全く触れられていない。即ち、リン酸トリ(4−ニトロフェニル)が電子写真用感光体の特性に与える影響はこれまで明確ではなかった。本発明においては、添加剤としてのかかるリン酸トリ(4−ニトロフェニル)に着目し、これと感光体特性との関係を明確にしたことにより、要求性能を満足し得る電子写真用感光体およびその製造方法が実現されたものである。
【0010】
即ち、本発明の電子写真用感光体は、導電性基体上に感光層を有する電子写真用感光体において、該感光層が、リン酸トリ(4−ニトロフェニル)を含有することを特徴とするものである。
【0011】
また、本発明の電子写真用感光体の製造方法は、導電性基体上に電子写真用感光体材料を含有する塗布液を塗布して感光層を形成する工程を包含する電子写真用感光体の製造方法において、該塗布液にリン酸トリ(4−ニトロフェニル)を含有させることを特徴とするものである。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の感光体の具体的構成を図面に基づいて説明する。
上述したように、電子写真用感光体は、積層型(機能分離型)感光体、いわゆる負帯電積層型感光体および正帯電積層型感光体と、主として正帯電型の単層型感光体とに大別される。図1はかかる感光体の代表的な構成を示す模式的断面図であり、(イ)は負帯電型の積層型電子写真用感光体、(ロ)は正帯電単層型電子写真用感光体を示している。図示するように、負帯電積層型感光体においては、導電性基体1の上に、下引層2と、電荷発生機能を備えた電荷発生層3および電荷輸送機能を備えた電荷輸送層4からなる感光層5とが、順次積層されている。一方、正帯電単層型感光体においては、導電性基体1の上に、下引層2と、電荷発生および電荷輸送の両機能を併せ持つ単一の感光層5とが、順次積層されている。尚、いずれのタイプの感光体においても、下引層2は必要に応じ設ければよく、図示はしないが、感光層5の上に更に表面保護層を設けてもよい。
【0013】
以下に、図1(イ)に示す負帯電積層型感光体を例にとり、本発明の感光体を具体的に説明するが、リン酸トリ(4−ニトロフェニル)に関する以外の感光体の形成または製造等のための物質・方法等は、公知の物質・方法等からも適宜好適なものを選択することができる。
【0014】
導電性基体1は、感光体の電極としての役目と同時に他の各層の支持体としての役目も持っており、円筒状、板状、フィルム状のいずれでもよく、材質的にはアルミニウム、ステンレス鋼、ニッケルなどの金属、あるいはガラス、樹脂などの上に導電処理を施したものでもよい。
【0015】
下引層2は、導電性基体から感光層への電荷の注入性の制御、基体表面の欠陥被覆、感光層の接着性の向上等の目的で設けるものであり、その材料としては、アルコール可溶ポリアミド、溶剤可溶芳香族ポリアミド、熱硬化型ウレタン樹脂などを用いることができる。アルコール可溶ポリアミドとしては、ナイロン6、ナイロン8、ナイロン12、ナイロン66、ナイロン610、ナイロン612などの共重合化合物や、N−アルキル変性またはN−アルコキシアルキル変性ナイロンなどが好ましい。これらの具体的な化合物としては、アミランCM8000(東レ(株)製、6/66/610/12共重合ナイロン)、エルバマイド9061(デュポン・ジャパン(株)製、6/66/612共重合ナイロン)、ダイアミドT−170(ダイセル・ヒュルス(株)製、ナイロン12主体共重合ナイロン)などを挙げることができる。また、下引層2には、TiO2、アルミナ、炭酸カルシウム、シリカ等の無機微粉末を添加することができる。
【0016】
電荷発生層3は、電荷発生物質をそのまま真空蒸着等するか、または、電荷発生物質の粒子を樹脂結着材とともに溶剤に溶解して分散させた塗布液を塗布して形成され、光を受容して電荷を発生する。電荷発生層3は、その電荷発生効率が高いことと同時に発生した電荷の電荷輸送層4への注入性が重要であり、電場依存性が少なく低電場でも注入の良いことが望ましい。
【0017】
電荷発生物質としては、各種フタロシアニン、アゾ、キノン、インジゴ、シアニン、スクアリリウム、アズレニウム化合物などの顔料や染料などを挙げることができる。また、電荷発生層用の樹脂結着材としては、ポリカーボネート、ポリエステル、ポリアミド、ポリウレタン、エポキシ、ポリビニルブチラール、フェノキシ、シリコーン、メタクリル酸エステル、塩化ビニル、ケタール、酢酸ビニルなどの重合体および共重合体等を適宜組み合わせて使用することが可能である。
【0018】
電荷発生物質の使用量は、かかる樹脂結着材100重量部に対し、10〜5000重量部、好ましくは50〜1000重量部である。また、電荷発生層3は、電荷発生物質を主体として、これに電荷輸送物質などを添加して使用することも可能である。
【0019】
電荷発生層3上には電荷輸送層4が積層されるため、その膜厚は電荷発生物質の光吸収係数により決まり、一般的には5μm以下であり、好適には1μm以下である。
【0020】
電荷輸送層4は、樹脂結着材中に電荷輸送物質を溶解させた材料からなる塗布膜であり、上述のように、暗所では絶縁体層として感光体の電荷を保持し、光受容時には電荷発生層から注入される電荷を輸送する機能を有する。電荷輸送物質としては、例えば、各種ヒドラゾン系化合物、スチリル系化合物、アミン系化合物およびこれらの誘導体を挙げることができ、これらを単独でまたは適宜組み合わせて用いることができる。電荷輸送層用の樹脂結着材としては、ポリカーボネート、ポリエステル、ポリスチレン、メタクリル酸エステルの重合体および共重合体などが用いられるが、機械的、化学的および電気的安定性、密着性などのほかに電荷輸送物質との相溶性が重要である。
【0021】
電荷輸送物質の使用量は、樹脂結着材100重量部に対し、20〜500重量部、好ましくは30〜300重量部である。また、電荷輸送層の膜厚は、実用的に有効な表面電荷を保持するためには3〜50μmの範囲が好ましく、より好適には15〜40μmである。
【0022】
本発明においては、感光層5が、リン酸トリ(4−ニトロフェニル)を含有することが必要である。この感光層5は、単層型および積層型の双方を含むものであり、いずれかに限定されるものではないが、特に、感光層5が電荷発生層3と電荷輸送層4とからなる積層型の場合には、リン酸トリ(4−ニトロフェニル)を電荷輸送層4に含有させる。リン酸トリ(4−ニトロフェニル)は、例えば、以下に示す文献の記載に従い合成することができる。
・Jack Hensel,et al.,米国特許3463838号
・J.F.Cajaiba Da Silva,et al.,
Phosphorus,Sulfur Silicon Relat.Elem.131,71(1997)
【0023】
リン酸トリ(4−ニトロフェニル)の含有量は、要求される電子写真特性により適宜調節することができる。例えば、積層型感光体の場合には、電荷輸送層の総重量に対し0.001〜10重量%、特には0.01〜5重量%の範囲内とすることが好適である。
【0024】
感光層中にリン酸トリ(4−ニトロフェニル)を含有させることにより残留電位が大幅に低下し、かつ、繰返し電位の上昇が大幅に抑制される作用は必ずしも明確ではないが、次のように考えることもできる。即ち、リン酸トリ(4−ニトロフェニル)が感光層中で電荷を捕獲するために感光層中における電荷の蓄積が妨げられ、これにより残留電位および繰返し使用時の電位の双方を大幅に低下することができるのである。
【0025】
また、本発明の電子写真用感光体の製造方法は、導電性基体1上に、所望に応じ下引層2を介して、電子写真用感光体材料を含有する塗布液を塗布して感光層5を形成する工程を含み、この塗布液中にリン酸トリ(4−ニトロフェニル)を含有させて感光層5を形成するものであればよく、他の工程や製造条件等は特に限定されない。かかる電子写真用感光体材料としては、例えば、上述した電荷発生物質、電荷輸送物質、樹脂結着材等を適宜用いればよく、これらとともにリン酸トリ(4−ニトロフェニル)を用いて塗布液を作製し、感光層5を、特には電荷輸送層4を塗布形成する。
【0026】
尚、本発明の製造方法における上記塗布液は、浸漬塗布法または噴霧塗布法等の種々の塗布方法に適用することが可能であり、いずれかの塗布方法に限定されるものではない。
【0027】
【実施例】
以下に、具体的な実施例により本発明を詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
[実施例1]
ポリアミド樹脂(東レ(株)製、アミランCM8000)70重量部と、メタノール(和光純薬工業(株)製)930重量部とを混合して、下引層塗布液を作成した。この下引層塗布液を、アルミニウム基体上に浸漬塗布法により塗布して、乾燥後の膜厚が0.5μmの下引層を形成した。
【0028】
チタニルオキシフタロシアニン(富士電機(株)製)20重量部と、ジクロロメタン(和光純薬工業(株)製)676重量部と、1,2−ジクロロエタン(和光純薬工業(株)製)294重量部と、塩化ビニル系樹脂(日本ゼオン(株)製、MR−110)10重量部とを混合し、超音波分散して電荷発生層塗布液を作製した。この電荷発生層塗布液を上記下引層上に浸漬塗布法により塗布し、乾燥後の膜厚が0.2μmの電荷発生層を形成した。
【0029】
下記式(1)、

Figure 0004239133
で示される電荷輸送物質(富士電機(株)製)100重量部、ポリカーボネート樹脂(帝人化成(株)製、パンライトK−1300)100重量部、トコフェロール(和光純薬工業(株)製)1重量部、2,4−ジ−tert−ブチルフェノキシジフェニルホスフィン(富士電機(株)製)1重量部、リン酸トリ(4−ニトロフェニル)(富士電機(株)製)2重量部、シランカップリング剤(信越化学工業(株)製、KP−340)1重量部、および、ジクロロメタン800重量部を混合して、電荷輸送層塗布液を作製した。この電荷輸送層塗布液を上記の電荷発生層上に浸漬塗布法により塗布して乾燥後の膜厚が20μmの電荷輸送層を形成し、電子写真用感光体を製造した。
【0030】
[実施例2]
実施例1の電荷輸送物質を下記式(2)、
Figure 0004239133
で示される電荷輸送物質(富士電機(株)製)に代えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして電子写真用感光体を製造した。
【0031】
[比較例1]
リン酸トリ(4−ニトロフェニル)を添加しない以外は、実施例1と同様にして電子写真用感光体を製造した。
【0032】
[比較例2]
実施例1のリン酸トリ(4−ニトロフェニル)をリン酸トリフェニル(和光純薬工業(株)製)に代えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして電子写真用感光体を製造した。
【0033】
[比較例3]
リン酸トリ(4−ニトロフェニル)を添加しない以外は、実施例2と同様にして電子写真用感光体を製造した。
【0034】
[比較例4]
実施例2のリン酸トリ(4−ニトロフェニル)をリン酸トリフェニル(和光純薬工業(株)製)に代えた以外は、実施例2と同様にして電子写真用感光体を製造した。
【0035】
以上のようにして得られた実施例1、2および比較例1〜4の電子写真用感光体の電気特性(残留電位および繰返し電位))を、静電記録紙試験装置((株)川口電機製作所製、EPA−8200)を用いて測定した。最初に、各感光体に暗所で−5kVのコロナ放電を10秒間行ってその表面を負に帯電させ、続いて波長780nmのレーザー光を5μJ/cm2照射した後の表面電位を測定して、これを残留電位とした。更に、繰返し電位として、この残留電位測定のサイクルを1000回繰返した後の表面電位を測定した。得られた結果を下記の表1に示す。
【0036】
【表1】
Figure 0004239133
【0037】
上記表1から明らかなように、感光層中にリン酸トリ(4−ニトロフェニル)を含有する実施例の感光体はいずれも残留電位が低く、かつ、繰返し電位の上昇もなく良好であるが、比較例の感光体はいずれもかなり高い値を示している。
【0038】
【発明の効果】
以上説明してきたように、本発明によれば、導電性基体上に感光層を有する電子写真用感光体において、感光層中にリン酸トリ(4−ニトロフェニル)を含有させたことにより、残留電位特性および繰返し電位特性の双方に優れた電子写真用感光体を得ることができる。
【0039】
また、本発明によれば、導電性基体上に塗布液を塗布して感光層を形成する工程を包含する電子写真用感光体の製造方法において、この塗布液にリン酸トリ(4−ニトロフェニル)を含有させることにより、残留電位特性および繰返し電位特性に優れた電子写真用感光体の製造方法を得ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】(イ)本発明の一例の負帯電積層型電子写真用感光体を示す模式的断面図である。
(ロ)本発明の他の例の正帯電単層型電子写真用感光体を示す模式的断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 導電性基体
2 下引層
3 電荷発生層
4 電荷輸送層
5 感光層[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member (hereinafter also simply referred to as “photosensitive member”) used in electrophotographic printers, copiers, facsimiles, and the like, and more specifically, a photosensitive layer of the photosensitive member and formation thereof. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor having excellent residual potential characteristics and repetitive potential characteristics by improving additives in a coating liquid for use, and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, an electrophotographic photoreceptor is required to have a function of holding a surface charge in a dark place, a function of receiving a light to generate a charge, and a function of receiving a light and transporting the generated charge. Functional separation into a so-called single-layer type photoreceptor that combines these functions in one layer, and a layer that mainly contributes to charge generation and a layer that contributes to charge retention during photoreception and surface charge retention in the dark There is a so-called multilayer photoreceptor in which the two layers are laminated.
[0003]
For example, the Carlson method is applied to image formation by electrophotography using these electrophotographic photoreceptors. In this method, the image is formed by charging the photoconductor in a dark place by corona discharge, forming an electrostatic image such as text or a picture of an original on the charged photoconductor surface, and forming the electrostatic image formed. The image is developed with toner and the developed toner image is transferred and fixed to a support such as paper. After the toner image is transferred, the photoconductor is subjected to charge removal, residual toner removal, light charge removal, and the like. Used for reuse.
[0004]
Conventionally, as the photosensitive material of the above-described electrophotographic photoreceptor, in addition to those in which an inorganic photoconductive substance such as selenium, selenium alloy, zinc oxide or cadmium sulfide is dispersed in a resin binder, poly-N -Organic photoconductive substances such as vinylcarbazole, 9,10-anthracenediol polyester, hydrazone, stilbene, butadiene, benzidine, phthalocyanine or bisazo compounds dissolved or dispersed in resin binder, or vacuum deposition or sublimation Something that you let me use is used.
[0005]
Conventionally, various studies have been made on photosensitive materials for the purpose of improving the performance of the photosensitive member and preventing defects and defects, and various techniques for improving the photosensitive member and its manufacturing method have been proposed. Further, improvement of the photoreceptor performance is generally performed by incorporating various additives into the photoreceptor layer of the photoreceptor.
[0006]
In the field of electrophotography, it is known to use a phosphate ester compound as such an additive. Examples of using triphenyl phosphate are JP-A-53-59429, JP-A-8-314240, and US patents. US Pat. No. 5,759,727 describes the use of triphenyl phosphate as a plasticizer or clarifier for obtaining flexibility and softness. In JP-A-8-297373, triphenyl phosphate is used in order to obtain an electrophotographic photoreceptor excellent in durability with little residual potential accumulation due to repeated use even in a high temperature and high humidity environment. Yes.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, various studies have been made so far on electrophotographic photoreceptors and methods for producing the same, but it cannot always be said that those satisfying sufficient required performance have been obtained. There has been a need for further improvements in potential characteristics and repeated potential characteristics.
[0008]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor excellent in residual potential characteristics and repetitive potential characteristics by using a compound that has not been used as an additive for an electrophotographic photoreceptor, and a method for producing the same. Is to provide.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have incorporated residual tri- (4-nitrophenyl) phosphate as an additive into the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, thereby allowing residual potential and repetition. The inventors have found that both potentials are greatly reduced, and have completed the present invention. As described above, techniques using a phosphate ester compound such as triphenyl phosphate as an additive are known, but these known techniques do not mention tri (4-nitrophenyl) phosphate at all. . That is, the influence of tri (4-nitrophenyl) phosphate on the characteristics of electrophotographic photoreceptors has not been clear so far. In the present invention, by paying attention to such tri (4-nitrophenyl) phosphate as an additive, and clarifying the relationship between this and the photoreceptor characteristics, an electrophotographic photoreceptor capable of satisfying the required performance and The manufacturing method has been realized.
[0010]
That is, the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention is an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer on a conductive substrate, wherein the photosensitive layer contains tri (4-nitrophenyl) phosphate. Is.
[0011]
The method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention includes an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a step of forming a photosensitive layer by applying a coating solution containing an electrophotographic photoreceptor material on a conductive substrate. In the production method, the coating liquid contains tri (4-nitrophenyl) phosphate.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the specific structure of the photoreceptor of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As described above, the electrophotographic photoreceptor is divided into a multilayer (functional separation type) photoreceptor, a so-called negatively charged laminated photoreceptor and a positively charged laminated photoreceptor, and a positively charged single layer photoreceptor. Broadly divided. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a typical structure of such a photoreceptor, in which (a) is a negatively charged laminated electrophotographic photoreceptor, and (b) is a positively charged single layer type electrophotographic photoreceptor. Is shown. As shown in the drawing, in the negatively charged laminated type photoreceptor, an undercoat layer 2, a charge generation layer 3 having a charge generation function, and a charge transport layer 4 having a charge transport function are formed on a conductive substrate 1. The photosensitive layers 5 are sequentially laminated. On the other hand, in a positively charged single layer type photoreceptor, an undercoat layer 2 and a single photosensitive layer 5 having both functions of charge generation and charge transport are sequentially laminated on a conductive substrate 1. . In any type of photoreceptor, the undercoat layer 2 may be provided as necessary. Although not shown, a surface protective layer may be further provided on the photosensitive layer 5.
[0013]
In the following, the negatively charged layered photoreceptor shown in FIG. 1 (a) is taken as an example to specifically describe the photoreceptor of the present invention, but formation of a photoreceptor other than that relating to tri (4-nitrophenyl) phosphate or Substances / methods for production and the like can be appropriately selected from known substances / methods.
[0014]
The conductive substrate 1 serves not only as an electrode of the photoreceptor but also as a support for other layers, and may be any of a cylindrical shape, a plate shape, and a film shape. In addition, a metal such as nickel, or a material obtained by conducting a conductive treatment on glass or resin may be used.
[0015]
The undercoat layer 2 is provided for the purpose of controlling the charge injection property from the conductive substrate to the photosensitive layer, covering defects on the surface of the substrate, and improving the adhesion of the photosensitive layer. Soluble polyamide, solvent-soluble aromatic polyamide, thermosetting urethane resin, and the like can be used. As the alcohol-soluble polyamide, copolymer compounds such as nylon 6, nylon 8, nylon 12, nylon 66, nylon 610, and nylon 612, N-alkyl-modified or N-alkoxyalkyl-modified nylon, and the like are preferable. Specific examples of these compounds include Amilan CM8000 (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., 6/66/610/12 copolymer nylon), and Elbamide 9061 (manufactured by DuPont Japan Co., Ltd., 6/66/612 copolymer nylon). , And Daiamide T-170 (manufactured by Daicel Huls Co., Ltd., nylon 12-based copolymer nylon). In addition, inorganic fine powders such as TiO 2 , alumina, calcium carbonate, and silica can be added to the undercoat layer 2.
[0016]
The charge generation layer 3 is formed by directly depositing the charge generation material by vacuum evaporation or the like, or by applying a coating solution in which particles of the charge generation material are dissolved and dispersed in a solvent together with a resin binder, and receives light. And generate charge. The charge generation layer 3 has a high charge generation efficiency, and at the same time, it is important to inject the generated charge into the charge transport layer 4 and has a low electric field dependency.
[0017]
Examples of the charge generating substance include pigments and dyes such as various phthalocyanines, azo, quinone, indigo, cyanine, squarylium, and azurenium compounds. In addition, resin binders for the charge generation layer include polymers and copolymers such as polycarbonate, polyester, polyamide, polyurethane, epoxy, polyvinyl butyral, phenoxy, silicone, methacrylic ester, vinyl chloride, ketal, and vinyl acetate. Etc. can be used in appropriate combinations.
[0018]
The amount of the charge generation material used is 10 to 5000 parts by weight, preferably 50 to 1000 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin binder. The charge generation layer 3 can also be used by mainly using a charge generation material and adding a charge transport material or the like thereto.
[0019]
Since the charge transport layer 4 is laminated on the charge generation layer 3, the film thickness is determined by the light absorption coefficient of the charge generation material, and is generally 5 μm or less, and preferably 1 μm or less.
[0020]
The charge transport layer 4 is a coating film made of a material in which a charge transport material is dissolved in a resin binder. As described above, the charge transport layer 4 retains the charge of the photoreceptor as an insulator layer in a dark place, and receives light when receiving light. It has a function of transporting charges injected from the charge generation layer. Examples of the charge transport material include various hydrazone compounds, styryl compounds, amine compounds, and derivatives thereof, and these can be used alone or in appropriate combination. Polycarbonate, polyester, polystyrene, methacrylic ester polymers and copolymers are used as the resin binder for the charge transport layer, but in addition to mechanical, chemical and electrical stability, adhesion, etc. In addition, compatibility with the charge transport material is important.
[0021]
The amount of the charge transport material used is 20 to 500 parts by weight, preferably 30 to 300 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin binder. The film thickness of the charge transport layer is preferably in the range of 3 to 50 μm, more preferably 15 to 40 μm, in order to maintain a practically effective surface charge.
[0022]
In the present invention, the photosensitive layer 5 needs to contain tri (4-nitrophenyl) phosphate. The photosensitive layer 5 includes both a single layer type and a multilayer type, and is not limited to any one of them. In particular, the photosensitive layer 5 is a laminate in which the charge generation layer 3 and the charge transport layer 4 are formed. In the case of the type, tri (4-nitrophenyl) phosphate is contained in the charge transport layer 4. Tri (4-nitrophenyl) phosphate can be synthesized, for example, according to the description in the literature shown below.
-Jack Hensel, et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,463,838; F. Cajaiba Da Silva, et al. ,
Phosphorus, Sulfur Silicon Relat. Elem. 131, 71 (1997)
[0023]
The content of tri (4-nitrophenyl) phosphate can be appropriately adjusted according to the required electrophotographic characteristics. For example, in the case of a laminated type photoreceptor, it is preferable that the content be in the range of 0.001 to 10% by weight, particularly 0.01 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the charge transport layer.
[0024]
Although the residual potential is greatly reduced by containing tri (4-nitrophenyl) phosphate in the photosensitive layer and the increase in repeated potential is greatly suppressed, it is not always clear, but as follows You can also think about it. That is, since tri (4-nitrophenyl) phosphate captures charges in the photosensitive layer, accumulation of charges in the photosensitive layer is hindered, thereby greatly reducing both residual potential and potential during repeated use. It can be done.
[0025]
In the method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, a coating solution containing an electrophotographic photoreceptor material is applied onto a conductive substrate 1 through an undercoat layer 2 as desired. 5 may be used as long as the photosensitive layer 5 is formed by adding tri (4-nitrophenyl) phosphate to the coating solution, and other steps, production conditions, and the like are not particularly limited. As such an electrophotographic photosensitive material, for example, the above-described charge generating substance, charge transporting substance, resin binder and the like may be used as appropriate, and a coating solution is prepared using tri (4-nitrophenyl) phosphate together with these. The photosensitive layer 5, particularly the charge transport layer 4 is applied and formed.
[0026]
In addition, the said coating liquid in the manufacturing method of this invention can be applied to various coating methods, such as a dip coating method or a spray coating method, and is not limited to any coating method.
[0027]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by way of specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[Example 1]
70 parts by weight of a polyamide resin (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., Amilan CM8000) and 930 parts by weight of methanol (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) were mixed to prepare an undercoat layer coating solution. This undercoat layer coating solution was applied onto an aluminum substrate by a dip coating method to form an undercoat layer having a thickness of 0.5 μm after drying.
[0028]
20 parts by weight of titanyloxyphthalocyanine (manufactured by Fuji Electric Co., Ltd.), 676 parts by weight of dichloromethane (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), and 294 parts by weight of 1,2-dichloroethane (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) And 10 parts by weight of vinyl chloride resin (manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd., MR-110) were mixed and ultrasonically dispersed to prepare a charge generation layer coating solution. This charge generation layer coating solution was applied onto the undercoat layer by a dip coating method to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.2 μm after drying.
[0029]
The following formula (1),
Figure 0004239133
100 parts by weight of a charge transport material (manufactured by Fuji Electric Co., Ltd.), 100 parts by weight of a polycarbonate resin (manufactured by Teijin Chemicals Ltd., Panlite K-1300), tocopherol (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 1 Parts by weight, 1 part by weight of 2,4-di-tert-butylphenoxydiphenylphosphine (manufactured by Fuji Electric Co., Ltd.), 2 parts by weight of tri (4-nitrophenyl) phosphate (manufactured by Fuji Electric Co., Ltd.), silane cup A charge transport layer coating solution was prepared by mixing 1 part by weight of a ring agent (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., KP-340) and 800 parts by weight of dichloromethane. This charge transport layer coating solution was applied onto the charge generation layer by a dip coating method to form a charge transport layer having a thickness of 20 μm after drying to produce an electrophotographic photoreceptor.
[0030]
[Example 2]
The charge transport material of Example 1 is represented by the following formula (2),
Figure 0004239133
A photoconductor for electrophotography was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the charge transport material represented by the formula (Fuji Electric Co., Ltd.) was used.
[0031]
[Comparative Example 1]
An electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that tri (4-nitrophenyl) phosphate was not added.
[0032]
[Comparative Example 2]
A photoconductor for electrophotography was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that tri (4-nitrophenyl) phosphate in Example 1 was replaced with triphenyl phosphate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.).
[0033]
[Comparative Example 3]
An electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that tri (4-nitrophenyl) phosphate was not added.
[0034]
[Comparative Example 4]
An electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that tri (4-nitrophenyl) phosphate in Example 2 was replaced with triphenyl phosphate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.).
[0035]
The electrical characteristics (residual potential and repetitive potential) of the electrophotographic photoreceptors of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 obtained as described above were measured using an electrostatic recording paper test apparatus (Kawaguchi Electric Co., Ltd.). Measurement was performed using Seisakusho, EPA-8200). First, each photoconductor was subjected to a corona discharge of -5 kV for 10 seconds in the dark to negatively charge the surface, and then the surface potential after irradiating the laser beam with a wavelength of 780 nm at 5 μJ / cm 2 was measured. This was taken as the residual potential. Further, the surface potential was measured after repeating this residual potential measurement cycle 1000 times as a repeated potential. The obtained results are shown in Table 1 below.
[0036]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004239133
[0037]
As is clear from Table 1 above, all of the photoreceptors of Examples containing tri (4-nitrophenyl) phosphate in the photosensitive layer have a low residual potential and are good without repeated potential increase. The photoconductors of the comparative examples all show a considerably high value.
[0038]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, in the electrophotographic photoreceptor having the photosensitive layer on the conductive substrate, the residual by adding tri (4-nitrophenyl) phosphate in the photosensitive layer. An electrophotographic photoreceptor excellent in both potential characteristics and repetitive potential characteristics can be obtained.
[0039]
According to the present invention, in the method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a step of forming a photosensitive layer by applying a coating solution on a conductive substrate, tri (4-nitrophenyl phosphate) is added to the coating solution. ), A method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor excellent in residual potential characteristics and repetitive potential characteristics can be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a negatively charged laminated electrophotographic photoreceptor of an example of the present invention.
(B) A schematic cross-sectional view showing a positively charged single layer type electrophotographic photoreceptor of another example of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Conductive substrate 2 Undercoat layer 3 Charge generation layer 4 Charge transport layer 5 Photosensitive layer

Claims (2)

導電性基体上に感光層を有する電子写真用感光体において、該感光層が、リン酸トリ(4−ニトロフェニル)を含有することを特徴とする電子写真用感光体。An electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer on a conductive substrate, wherein the photosensitive layer contains tri (4-nitrophenyl) phosphate. 導電性基体上に電子写真用感光体材料を含有する塗布液を塗布して感光層を形成する工程を包含する電子写真用感光体の製造方法において、該塗布液にリン酸トリ(4−ニトロフェニル)を含有させることを特徴とする電子写真用感光体の製造方法。In a method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a step of applying a coating solution containing an electrophotographic photoreceptor material on a conductive substrate to form a photosensitive layer, tri (4-nitrophosphate) is added to the coating solution. (Phenyl) is contained, and a method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor.
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DE10214443A DE10214443A1 (en) 2001-04-04 2002-03-30 Photoconductor useful in electrophotographic devices comprises a photosensitive layer containing tri(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate on a conductive substrate
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