JP4240367B2 - Nickel material - Google Patents
Nickel material Download PDFInfo
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- JP4240367B2 JP4240367B2 JP2003070314A JP2003070314A JP4240367B2 JP 4240367 B2 JP4240367 B2 JP 4240367B2 JP 2003070314 A JP2003070314 A JP 2003070314A JP 2003070314 A JP2003070314 A JP 2003070314A JP 4240367 B2 JP4240367 B2 JP 4240367B2
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- nickel material
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- solderability
- nickel
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Links
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 105
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 55
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 50
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004451 qualitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012491 analyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001420 photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005211 surface analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、実質的にニッケルでなるニッケル材料に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
例えば、モバイルパソコンや携帯電話に代表される携帯可能な電子機器には充電式の二次電池が使用されてきているが、機器の高機能化による消費電力の増大と長時間使用の要求から電池にはエネルギー密度の増大と長寿命化が求められている。
特に近年では携帯電話の爆発的な普及により、その待ち受け時間の長時間要求から充電式二次電池としては特にエネルギー密度が高いLiイオン二次電池の採用が増加しており、このLiイオン二次電池は反応活物質を鉄またはAl製の缶の中に封入し、この缶の周囲に電気の流れる道となる板状のリードと呼ばれるニッケル材料でなる部品を配置している。
【0003】
このリードにニッケル材料が使用されているのは、電池で発生した電気を流すため低抵抗が要求されることに加え、リードは缶にはんだ付けがなされるため、ニッケル材料にはハンダ付け性が要求されている。つまり、低電気抵抗でハンダ付け性に優れたニッケル材料が求められている。
このニッケル材料に関しては特開平11−61302号(特許文献1参照)に、冷間での型打鍛造による成形が容易なニッケル材料として、重量で、C:0.010%以下、かつN:0.010%以下であり、残部が実質上Niからなる冷間成形性のすぐれたニッケル材料が提案されている。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特開平11−61302号公報
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上述した特許文献1に示されたニッケル材料は、冷間での型打鍛造による成形が容易なニッケル材料を実現することを目的とするもので、上述のハンダ付け性に関しては何ら考慮されるものではない。そればかりか、特にLiイオン二次電池のリードのようにハンダ付け性、プレス性が求められるような用途に最適なニッケル材料については、特に検討がなされていないのが現状である。
本発明の目的は、Liイオン二次電池のリードにも適用可能なニッケル材料を提供することである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は、Liイオン二次電池のリードにも適用可能とするために、添加する元素の作用効果、表面解析等の種々の手法を試みた結果、最表面近傍の残存するO量がハンダ付け性を大きく左右することを知見した。そして、更に特定の化学組成を適正量にすると、低電気抵抗、優れたプレス性及び曲げ加工性を満足できることを知見し、本発明に到達した。
【0007】
即ち本発明は、質量%でC:0.008〜0.03%、Si:0.01%以下、Mn:0.04%以下、残部が99%以上のNi及び不可避的不純物でなり、焼鈍後に最終の仕上として冷間圧延を行なった板形状の冷間圧延されたニッケル材料であって、該ニッケル材料は、最表面からSiO2基準で1nmの深さを光電子分光分析装置で測定した時、原子%でO:10%以下に制限し、Ni:80%以上であり、かつ、最表面を光電子分光分析装置で測定した時、原子%でO:40%以下、C:45%以下であるニッケル材料である。
また本発明は、リード用途に好適となるニッケル材料である。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の重要な特徴は、特に優れたハンダ付け性を実現するために、ニッケル材料最表面に最表面近傍の残存するO量を特定量以下に制限させたことにある。
なお、本発明で言うニッケル材料は質量%でC:0.008〜0.03%、Si:0.01%以下、Mn:0.04%以下、を含有し、残部が99%以上のNi及び不可避的不純物でなる材料を言い、本発明で規定した限定理由を以下に説明する。
【0009】
本発明で、最表面からSiO2基準で1nmの深さを光電子分光分析装置(以下、ESCAと記す)で測定した時、原子%でO:10%以下に制限した理由は、前述の深さにおいて、O量が10at%を超える場合、ニッケル材料表面に残存するか、或いは形成された酸化層の厚みが厚いことになる。
酸化層が過度に形成されると、ハンダ付け性を大きく阻害し、ニッケル材料表面にハンダ付け性を確保するために、改めて表面処理を行うことが必要となる。そのため、本発明では最表面からSiO2基準で1nmの深さをESCAで測定した時、原子%でO:10%以下と規定した。
本発明の範囲内であれば、特別な表面処理を施す必要なく、直接ニッケル材料表面にハンダ付けが可能となる。
【0010】
ところで、上述のESCAを用いて被分析物を分析する場合、実際のスパッタによってどの程度の深さをドライエッチングされているのか不明であるという欠点がある。そのため、一般的にはSiO2の標準試料を用いて、1分のスパッタによって、例えば1nmがドライエッチングされるように調整を行い、この条件下で被分析物に対して、1分のスパッタで1nmがドライエッチングされたものと看做して深さ方向の定性、定量及び結合状態分析を行うのが一般的である。
【0011】
これに従い、本発明者等もSiO2の標準試料を用いて、1分のスパッタによって、1nmがドライエッチングされるように調整したESCAにて、最表面から1分のスパッタを行った深さを1nmの深さとした。また、最表面とは上述のドライエッチングを行わないで、ESCAで測定する面を最表面と言う。
なお、もし、最表面に過度に汚染物質が付着している場合は、ESCAで測定できるように清浄化をおこなうこともできる。
このESCAでの測定の場合には、誤差の少ない高精度の情報を得るには信号量を多く取り込むと良く、そのため、なるべく広い分析領域を分析できるように調整するのが好ましい。具体的には2mm×10mm程度の分析領域であれば良い。
【0012】
次に、本発明では最表面からSiO2基準で1nmの深さを光電子分光分析装置で測定した時、原子%でNi:80%以上であると規定した。
これはSiO2基準で1nmの深さでNiが80at%以上であれば、より確実にハンダ付け性を向上できるためである。
ESCAを用いて分析する場合、一般には定性分析を行い、検出された元素の全てを定量分析する。この時、Oや汚染物質であるCやCl、Na、Kなどが検出される場合がある。これから過度に検出される場合、当然のことながらNi量が低くなる。そのため、本発明ではハンダ性付け性を阻害する元素を除いても、Niが80at%以上検出されれば、ハンダ付け性を阻害する元素が少ないという理由で、最表面からSiO2基準で1nmの深さを光電子分光分析装置で測定した時、原子%でNi:80%以上と規定した。
【0013】
次に、最表面のO及びC量の規定理由を述べる。
最表面が過度に汚染されている場合には、当然のことながらハンダ付け性を劣化させ、上述の最表面からSiO2基準で1nmの深さでのO量やNi量に調整することが困難である。この最表面に存在するOやCは吸着によるものや、残存する汚染物質の代表的な元素である。
そのため、本発明では最表面のOとCに着目した。
【0014】
本発明で規定する、最表面を光電子分光分析装置で測定した時、原子%でO:40%以下、C:45%以下とした場合には、優れたハンダ付け性の実現がより確実に可能となるが、Oが40at%を超えると、過剰に酸化物が形成/残存していたり、Cが45at%を超えると、表面の汚染が著しい状態となっていたり、CとOとで化合物が生成されていたりして、優れたハンダ付け性の確保が困難となる。
そのため、本発明では最表面を光電子分光分析装置で測定した時、原子%でO:40%以下、C:45%以下とした。好ましくは、O:35%以下、C:40%以下である。
【0015】
次に、本発明ではハンダ付け性と共に、優れたプレス性の付与のために、素材の化学組成を望ましい範囲として規定した。
その理由を以下に述べる。
C:0.008〜0.03%
Cは溶解工程において不可避的に混入される元素であるが、この元素には脱酸元素としての特徴がある。すなわち、Cはある程度の量が入っているとCOやCo2ガスとして溶湯中の酸素量を低減させる働きがある。
更に、溶湯中の酸素量を低減させる働きを持つ元素としてAl、Si、Mn、Cr、Ti、Mg、Ca等が知られているが、Cをある程度入れておくことでこれら脱酸元素の使用量を抑える効果もあり、結果としてニッケル材料を高純度に保てる。
また、従来から知られているC量では0.01mass%以下としているものが殆どであるが、Cをむしろ若干高目にしてでもSi、Mn等の添加を抑える方が、ニッケル材料製のリードとした時の材料表面の酸化膜厚さを一定量以下に抑えることが可能となり、最表面近傍のO量の調整が行い易い。そこで本発明ではCは若干高めとすることが最適であることを確認し、敢えてC量は0.008〜0.03mass%の管理とした。望ましくは0.008〜0.020mass%の範囲である。
【0016】
Si:0.01%以下
Siはニッケルの溶解の際にも脱酸元素として重要な働きをしている。しかしながら、Siの含有量が増えるとニッケル材料の表面に硬いSiO2の酸化膜が形成され易く、ハンダ付け性を阻害し易くなるだけでなく、プレス加工性や、曲げ加工性が劣化し易くなる。そこでSiは0.01mass%以下で管理することとした。
Mn:0.04%以下
Mnは同じく溶湯中の酸素を低減する脱酸剤として使用されるが、Mnの添加量が多くなるとSiと同様にニッケル材料の表面にMnの酸化膜を厚く形成され易く、ハンダ付け性を阻害し易くなるだけでなく、プレス打ち抜き性に悪影響を及ぼしたり、プレス金型を傷つけたりして、結果的に金型の寿命を低下させるという問題を生じ易くなる。このためMn量は0.04mass%以下とした。
【0017】
なお、本発明のニッケル材料において、以下の元素はハンダ付け性を阻害しない範囲で含有しても良い。質量%として示す。
P:0.003%以下、S:0.003%以下、Cr:0.005%以下、Mo:0.05%以下、Cu:0.05%以下、Al:0.05%以下、Ti:0.05%以下、Fe:0.05%以下、Mg:0.002%以下、Ca:0.002%以下、H:5ppm以下、N:20ppm以下、O:30ppm以下
なお、本発明ではニッケルが質量%で99%以上としており、十分に低電気抵抗となっているが、さらに低電気抵抗とするには、質量%で99.9%以上がニッケルであるのが好ましく、前述の各元素と上述したC,Si,Mnとの総和を0.1%未満とするのが良い。
【0018】
次に、本発明では特に規定していないが、結晶粒径を微細にすることで曲げ加工を伴うような用途に好適となる。
例えばリチウムイオン二次電池に組み込まれる際には高精度で曲げ加工を施される。しかもこのリード用途には板厚が例えば0.25mm以下の非常に薄い材料が使用されるため少しの材料内部欠陥でも存在すると材料が破断すると言った不具合が発生し易い。
このため少しでも材料の靭性を上げるための結晶粒径度として、JIS G0551で示される結晶粒度番号が5より細粒が好ましい。この範囲の結晶粒であれば内部クラックの進展を妨害することができ、極端な割れの発生を防止できる。
【0019】
本発明では上述したニッケル材料を板状とすることで、特にリードとして用いる用途に好適となる。
板状とする方法は種々の方法があるが、圧延で板材とするのが良い。これは、例えばLiイオン二次電池のリードとして用いようとすると、ハンドリングのし易さや、溶接方法によって材料の硬さをHv80〜190の範囲で変化させるため、硬さ調整が比較的容易であるためである。
特に、非酸化性の雰囲気で焼鈍と冷間圧延とで板材の硬さを調整し易いことに加えて、表面近傍のOやC量の調整も行い易いと言った利点もある。
【0020】
ところで、本発明で規定する再表面近傍のOやC量に調整するに、より確実な方法としては、材料を冷間圧延可能な厚みに調整し、その後、非酸化性の雰囲気での焼鈍を行った後、仕上げの冷間圧延を行い板材とする方が、ハンダ付け性の確保のためには良いことが分かった。
これは、仕上げ圧延後に非酸化性雰囲気で焼鈍を行うと、表面には僅かながら酸化膜が形成される場合があるためである。形成された酸化膜は、その後、特別な酸化膜除去処理を施すか、或いは、新たなハンダ付けを良好にする層を形成しなければならない場合が生じる。
一方で、非酸化性の雰囲気での焼鈍を行った後、仕上げの冷間圧延を行うと、硬質な酸化層が圧延により破壊され、一部に新生面が露出する。この新生面を露出させることがハンダ付け性に良好な結果を及ぼすものと推測している。
【0021】
この非酸化性の雰囲気での焼鈍と、その後に行う仕上げの冷間圧延の条件であるが、非酸化性の雰囲気とは、例えば還元性ガス雰囲気或いは真空雰囲気等、種々の雰囲気中での焼鈍とすることができるが、帯材を連続で焼鈍できる還元性ガス雰囲気の何れかで行うのが良い。
中でもH2ガスやH2とN2との混合ガス(通称AXガス)雰囲気での焼鈍は過度の酸化層形成を最小限に抑制でき、帯材表面の還元も行えて表面の清浄化の効果もあり、更に上述のように帯材を連続で焼鈍できることから特に望ましい。
【0022】
また、焼鈍の温度範囲は500℃〜900℃とすれば良い。保持時間は、前述の焼鈍温度によって若干異なるが、Liイオン二次電池用の帯材であれば30秒〜5分であれば良い。
また、仕上げの冷間圧延は、余りにも圧下率が少ないと焼鈍時に表面に形成された酸化膜を破壊することが困難となる場合があるので、下限を2%とすれば良く、過度に圧下しすぎると例えばリードに好適なHv80〜190の範囲を超えて硬化するため、仕上げ圧延の上限を30%とすれば良い。
【0023】
【実施例】
電解ニッケルを真空誘導炉で溶解し、インゴットに鋳造した。
このインゴットを熱間圧延により加工して厚さ50mmの直方体形状のスラブにし、更に熱間圧延後、冷間圧延と焼鈍とを繰返した。そして本発明例用として仕上げ圧延前に、非酸化性雰囲気中(AXガス(H2:N2=3:1))で800℃、1分の連続炉での焼鈍を行い、最後に10%の圧下率で仕上げの冷間圧延を行って板厚0.15mmリチウムイオン二次電池用リード用の帯材に圧延成形した。
比較例用として、仕上げ冷間圧延と、焼鈍とを反対(仕上げ圧延後に焼鈍を行った)として、比較材とした。
なお、化学組成を表1に示すが、本発明例ニッケル材料と比較例用ニッケル材料の化学組成は同一である。
【0024】
【表1】
【0025】
本発明例ニッケル材料と比較例用ニッケル材料からESCA用試験片を採取し、有機溶剤で表面脱脂、乾燥し、光電子分光分析装置にて最表面の定性分析、定量分析を行った。なお、用いたESCAはSiO2の標準試料を用いて、1分のスパッタによって、例えば1nmがドライエッチングされるように調整したものであり、分析領域を2mm×10mmとした。
次に、アルゴンで試験片を1分間のスパッタ(ドライエッチ)し、定性分析と定量分析を行った。定性分析ではArピークが認められたが、Arについては定量分析の対象外とし、C,O,N,Si,Mn,Niを定量分析した。
2分のスパッタまでの分析結果を表2に示す。
【0026】
【表2】
【0027】
表2の結果から、本発明のニッケル材料は、最表面近傍のO,C量が低く、1nmの深さでNi量が高いことが分かる。
一方で比較例は、Oと共に本発明では検出されないSi,Mnが検出されている。これは、ニッケル材料表面にSi,Mnの酸化層が比較的厚い厚みで形成されているか、或いは表面全体を覆うように形成されていると考えられる。
【0028】
次に上記の本発明のニッケル材料と比較例のニッケル材料とをハンダ付け性テストを行った。
テストは長さ20mm×幅5mmの試験片を5枚作製し、フラックスにはFN101Cを用いて、温度235℃のハンダ曹に浸漬し、引き上げる試験とした。
ハンダ曹に浸漬した面積のうち、面積率で90%を超える面積にハンダが付いたものに○印を、80〜90%のものは△印、80%未満のものは×印を付して示す。試験結果を表3に示す。
【0029】
【表3】
【0030】
表3に示すように、本発明のニッケル材料はハンダ付け性も試験した5枚全ての試験片で良好な結果が得られた。一方、比較例は全てハンダ濡れの面積率が80%程度の値となった。
また、本発明のニッケル材料のJIS G0551で示される結晶粒度番号も5より細粒の6番となっており、良好な曲げ加工性も兼備し、更にビッカース硬さでHv150となっていることも確認した。
このことから、本発明のニッケル材料は例えばLiイオン二次電池のリード用として最適であることが分かる。
【0031】
【発明の効果】
本発明に従えば、表面近傍のC,O量が低減されており、良好なハンダ付け性が得られ、更に曲げ加工性も改善されることから、金型寿命の延長につながり、例えば、ニッケル材料の一用途であるリチウムイオン二次電池用のリード材として好適な技術となり得る。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a nickel material consisting essentially of nickel.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For example, rechargeable secondary batteries have been used for portable electronic devices such as mobile personal computers and mobile phones. Is required to increase the energy density and extend the life.
In particular, due to the explosive spread of mobile phones in recent years, the adoption of Li-ion secondary batteries with particularly high energy density is increasing as rechargeable secondary batteries due to the long request for standby time. In a battery, a reaction active material is enclosed in a can made of iron or Al, and a part made of a nickel material called a plate-like lead serving as a path for electricity to flow is disposed around the can.
[0003]
Nickel material is used for this lead. In addition to requiring low resistance to flow the electricity generated by the battery, the lead is soldered to the can, so the nickel material has solderability. It is requested. That is, there is a need for a nickel material with low electrical resistance and excellent solderability.
Regarding this nickel material, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-61302 (see Patent Document 1) describes a nickel material that can be easily formed by cold stamping and forging. C: 0.010% or less by weight and N: 0 A nickel material having an excellent cold formability of 0.010% or less and the balance being substantially Ni is proposed.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-61302
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The nickel material disclosed in Patent Document 1 described above is intended to realize a nickel material that can be easily formed by cold stamping forging, and the above-described solderability should be considered at all. is not. In addition, the nickel material that is most suitable for applications requiring solderability and pressability, such as the lead of a Li-ion secondary battery, has not been particularly studied.
An object of the present invention is to provide a nickel material that can also be applied to the lead of a Li-ion secondary battery.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to make the present invention applicable to a lead of a Li ion secondary battery, the inventors have tried various methods such as the effect of the element to be added and surface analysis. As a result, the amount of O remaining in the vicinity of the outermost surface is reduced. It was found that the solderability greatly affects. And when the specific chemical composition was further adjusted to an appropriate amount, it was found that low electrical resistance, excellent pressability and bending workability could be satisfied, and the present invention was reached .
[0007]
That is, the present invention comprises, in mass%, C: 0.008 to 0.03%, Si: 0.01% or less, Mn: 0.04% or less, the balance being 99% or more of Ni and inevitable impurities, and annealing. A plate-shaped cold-rolled nickel material that was later cold-rolled as a final finish, the nickel material being measured with a photoelectron spectrometer at a depth of 1 nm on the basis of SiO 2 from the outermost surface , O in atomic%: and limited to 10% or less, Ni: at least 80%, and, when measuring the top surface photoelectron spectroscopic analyzer, in atomic% O: 40% or less, C: 45% or less under It is a nickel material.
The present invention is also a nickel material that is suitable for lead applications.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An important feature of the present invention is that the amount of O remaining in the vicinity of the outermost surface of the nickel material is limited to a specific amount or less in order to realize particularly excellent solderability.
The nickel material referred to in the present invention contains, in mass%, C: 0.008 to 0.03%, Si: 0.01% or less, Mn: 0.04% or less, and the balance being 99% or more of Ni. And the material which consists of an unavoidable impurity is mentioned, The reason for limitation prescribed | regulated by this invention is demonstrated below.
[0009]
In the present invention, when the depth of 1 nm from the outermost surface on the basis of SiO 2 is measured with a photoelectron spectrometer (hereinafter referred to as ESCA), the reason why the oxygen percentage is limited to 10% or less in terms of atomic% is the aforementioned depth. When the amount of O exceeds 10 at%, it remains on the nickel material surface or the thickness of the formed oxide layer is thick.
If the oxide layer is excessively formed, it is necessary to re-treat the surface of the nickel material in order to significantly inhibit the solderability and to ensure the solderability on the surface of the nickel material. Therefore, in the present invention, when the depth of 1 nm from the outermost surface on the basis of SiO 2 is measured by ESCA, it is defined as O: 10% or less in atomic%.
Within the scope of the present invention, it is possible to solder directly on the surface of the nickel material without the need for special surface treatment.
[0010]
By the way, when analyzing an analyte using the above-mentioned ESCA, there is a drawback that it is unclear how much depth is dry-etched by actual sputtering. Therefore, in general, a standard sample of SiO 2 is used, and adjustment is performed so that, for example, 1 nm is dry-etched by sputtering for 1 minute. In general, it is assumed that 1 nm is dry-etched, and qualitative, quantitative, and binding state analysis in the depth direction is performed.
[0011]
In accordance with this, the depth of the sputtering performed for 1 minute from the outermost surface by the ESCA adjusted so that 1 nm is dry-etched by sputtering for 1 minute using the standard sample of SiO 2 was also achieved by the present inventors. The depth was 1 nm. Further, the outermost surface refers to a surface measured by ESCA without performing the dry etching described above.
In addition, if the contaminant is excessively attached to the outermost surface, it can be cleaned so that it can be measured by ESCA.
In the case of measurement using this ESCA, it is preferable to acquire a large amount of signal in order to obtain highly accurate information with few errors. For this reason, it is preferable to adjust so that the analysis area as large as possible can be analyzed. Specifically, the analysis area may be about 2 mm × 10 mm.
[0012]
Next, in the present invention, when a depth of 1 nm on the basis of SiO 2 from the outermost surface was measured with a photoelectron spectrometer, it was defined that Ni: 80% or more in atomic%.
This is because if Ni is 80 at% or more at a depth of 1 nm on the basis of SiO 2 , solderability can be improved more reliably.
When analyzing using ESCA, qualitative analysis is generally performed, and all detected elements are quantitatively analyzed. At this time, O and contaminants such as C, Cl, Na, and K may be detected. If it is detected excessively from now on, the amount of Ni is naturally reduced. Therefore, even in the present invention except for the elements that inhibit solderability with resistance, Ni is if it is detected above 80at%, on the grounds that an element which inhibits the solderability is small, from the outermost surface of 1nm with SiO 2 basis When the depth was measured with a photoelectron spectrometer, Ni: 80% or more was specified in atomic%.
[0013]
Next , the reasons for defining the O and C amounts on the outermost surface will be described.
When the outermost surface is excessively contaminated, it is a matter of course that solderability is deteriorated, and it is difficult to adjust the amount of O and Ni at a depth of 1 nm on the basis of SiO 2 from the above-mentioned outermost surface. It is. O and C present on the outermost surface are representative elements of adsorption and remaining contaminants.
Therefore, in the present invention, attention is paid to O and C on the outermost surface.
[0014]
When the outermost surface defined by the present invention is measured with a photoelectron spectrometer, when it is O: 40% or less and C: 45% or less in atomic%, excellent solderability can be realized more reliably. However, if O exceeds 40 at%, an excessive amount of oxide is formed / remains, and if C exceeds 45 at%, surface contamination is remarkable, or the compound of C and O As a result, it is difficult to ensure excellent solderability.
Therefore, in this invention, when the outermost surface was measured with the photoelectron spectroscopy analyzer, it was set as O: 40% or less and C: 45% or less in atomic%. Preferably, O: 35% or less, C: 40% or less.
[0015]
Next, in the present invention, the chemical composition of the material is defined as a desirable range for imparting excellent pressability as well as solderability.
The reason is described below.
C: 0.008 to 0.03%
C is an element inevitably mixed in the melting process, and this element has a feature as a deoxidizing element. That is, when a certain amount of C is contained, it functions to reduce the amount of oxygen in the molten metal as CO or Co 2 gas.
Furthermore, Al, Si, Mn, Cr, Ti, Mg, Ca, etc. are known as elements that have the function of reducing the amount of oxygen in the molten metal. There is also an effect of reducing the amount, and as a result, the nickel material can be kept in high purity.
In addition, most of the conventionally known C amounts are 0.01 mass% or less, but even if C is made slightly higher, it is better to suppress the addition of Si, Mn, etc. It is possible to suppress the oxide film thickness on the material surface to a certain amount or less, and the amount of O in the vicinity of the outermost surface can be easily adjusted. Therefore, in the present invention, it has been confirmed that it is optimal to slightly increase C, and the amount of C is intentionally controlled to 0.008 to 0.03 mass % . Desirably, it is the range of 0.008-0.020 mass%.
[0016]
Si: 0.01% or less Si also plays an important role as a deoxidizing element when nickel is dissolved. However, if the Si content increases, a hard SiO 2 oxide film is likely to be formed on the surface of the nickel material, which not only hinders solderability but also tends to deteriorate press workability and bending workability. . Therefore, Si was managed at 0.01 mass% or less.
Mn: 0.04% or less Mn is also used as a deoxidizer for reducing oxygen in the molten metal. However, as the amount of Mn added increases, a Mn oxide film is formed thickly on the surface of the nickel material as with Si. In addition to easily hindering the solderability, there is a tendency to adversely affect the press punchability or damage the press die, resulting in a problem of reducing the life of the die. For this reason, the amount of Mn was made into 0.04 mass% or less.
[0017]
In the nickel material of the present invention, the following elements may be contained within a range that does not impair solderability. It is shown as mass%.
P: 0.003% or less, S: 0.003% or less, Cr: 0.005% or less, Mo: 0.05% or less, Cu: 0.05% or less, Al: 0.05% or less, Ti: 0.05% or less, Fe: 0.05% or less, Mg: 0.002% or less, Ca: 0.002% or less, H: 5 ppm or less, N: 20 ppm or less, O: 30 ppm or less In the present invention, nickel Is 99% or more by mass% and has a sufficiently low electric resistance. However, in order to further reduce the electric resistance, it is preferable that 99.9% or more by mass% is nickel. And the sum of C, Si, and Mn described above should be less than 0.1%.
[0018]
Next, although not particularly defined in the present invention, it is suitable for applications involving bending by making the crystal grain size fine.
For example, when incorporated in a lithium ion secondary battery, bending is performed with high accuracy. In addition, a very thin material having a plate thickness of, for example, 0.25 mm or less is used for this lead application, so that a problem that the material breaks easily occurs even if there is a slight internal defect.
For this reason, the crystal grain size number shown in JIS G0551 is preferably finer than 5 as the crystal grain size for increasing the toughness of the material. If the crystal grains are within this range, the progress of internal cracks can be prevented, and the occurrence of extreme cracks can be prevented.
[0019]
In the present invention, the above-described nickel material is formed into a plate shape, which is particularly suitable for use as a lead.
There are various methods for forming a plate, but it is preferable to form a plate by rolling. For example, when it is intended to be used as a lead of a Li-ion secondary battery, the hardness is relatively easy to handle because the hardness of the material is changed in the range of Hv80 to 190 by the ease of handling and the welding method. Because.
In particular, there is an advantage that it is easy to adjust the amount of O and C in the vicinity of the surface in addition to easy adjustment of the hardness of the plate material by annealing and cold rolling in a non-oxidizing atmosphere.
[0020]
By the way, in order to adjust the amount of O and C in the vicinity of the resurface specified in the present invention, as a more reliable method, the material is adjusted to a thickness that can be cold-rolled, and then annealed in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. It was found that, after carrying out, it is better to secure the solderability by performing cold rolling for finishing to make a plate material.
This is because, if annealing is performed in a non-oxidizing atmosphere after finish rolling, a slight oxide film may be formed on the surface. The formed oxide film may be subjected to a special oxide film removing process or a new soldering layer may be formed after that.
On the other hand, if the finish cold rolling is performed after annealing in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, the hard oxide layer is destroyed by rolling, and a new surface is exposed in part. It is speculated that exposing this new surface has good results on solderability.
[0021]
The annealing in the non-oxidizing atmosphere and the subsequent cold rolling conditions are performed. The non-oxidizing atmosphere is, for example, annealing in various atmospheres such as a reducing gas atmosphere or a vacuum atmosphere. However, it is preferable to carry out in any reducing gas atmosphere in which the strip can be annealed continuously.
Above all, annealing in an atmosphere of H 2 gas or a mixed gas of H 2 and N 2 (commonly called AX gas) can suppress excessive oxidation layer formation to a minimum, and can reduce the surface of the strip material, thereby effecting surface cleaning. Furthermore, it is particularly desirable because the strip can be annealed continuously as described above.
[0022]
Moreover, the temperature range of annealing should just be 500 to 900 degreeC. The holding time slightly varies depending on the annealing temperature described above, but it may be 30 seconds to 5 minutes in the case of a strip for a Li ion secondary battery.
Further, in the cold rolling of finishing, if the rolling reduction is too small, it may be difficult to break the oxide film formed on the surface during annealing. Therefore, the lower limit may be set to 2% and excessive rolling is performed. If it is too much, for example, it will cure beyond the range of Hv 80 to 190 suitable for leads, so the upper limit of finish rolling may be 30%.
[0023]
【Example】
Electrolytic nickel was melted in a vacuum induction furnace and cast into an ingot.
The ingot was processed by hot rolling to form a rectangular parallelepiped slab having a thickness of 50 mm, and after hot rolling, cold rolling and annealing were repeated. Then, before finish rolling for the present invention example, annealing was performed in a continuous furnace at 800 ° C. for 1 minute in a non-oxidizing atmosphere (AX gas (H 2 : N 2 = 3: 1)), and finally 10% Cold rolling was performed at a reduction ratio of 0.15 mm to form a strip for a lead for a lithium ion secondary battery having a thickness of 0.15 mm.
For the comparative example, the finish cold rolling and the annealing were reversed (the annealing was performed after the finishing rolling) to obtain a comparative material.
In addition, although chemical composition is shown in Table 1, the chemical composition of this invention nickel material and the nickel material for a comparative example are the same.
[0024]
[Table 1]
[0025]
Samples for ESCA were collected from the nickel material of the present invention and the nickel material for comparative example, surface degreased and dried with an organic solvent, and qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of the outermost surface were performed with a photoelectron spectrometer. The ESCA used was adjusted so that, for example, 1 nm was dry-etched by sputtering for 1 minute using a standard sample of SiO 2 , and the analysis area was 2 mm × 10 mm.
Next, the specimen was sputtered (dry etched) for 1 minute with argon, and qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis were performed. In the qualitative analysis, an Ar peak was observed, but Ar was excluded from quantitative analysis, and C, O, N, Si, Mn, and Ni were quantitatively analyzed.
Table 2 shows the analysis results up to 2 minutes of sputtering.
[0026]
[Table 2]
[0027]
From the results in Table 2, it can be seen that the nickel material of the present invention has a low amount of O and C near the outermost surface and a high amount of Ni at a depth of 1 nm.
On the other hand, in the comparative example, Si and Mn that are not detected in the present invention are detected together with O. This is considered that the Si and Mn oxide layer is formed with a relatively thick thickness on the surface of the nickel material, or is formed so as to cover the entire surface.
[0028]
Next, a solderability test was performed on the nickel material of the present invention and the nickel material of the comparative example.
In the test, five test pieces each having a length of 20 mm and a width of 5 mm were prepared, and FN101C was used as a flux. The test was immersed in soldering soda at 235 ° C. and pulled up.
Of the areas immersed in soldering soda, those with solder on areas exceeding 90% in area ratio are marked with ○, those with 80-90% are marked with △, and those with less than 80% are marked with ×. Show. The test results are shown in Table 3.
[0029]
[Table 3]
[0030]
As shown in Table 3, the nickel material of the present invention gave good results for all five test pieces that were also tested for solderability. On the other hand, in all of the comparative examples, the solder wet area ratio was about 80%.
In addition, the grain size number indicated by JIS G0551 of the nickel material of the present invention is No. 6 which is finer than 5, which also has good bending workability, and also has a Vickers hardness of Hv150. confirmed.
From this, it can be seen that the nickel material of the present invention is optimal for use as a lead of, for example, a Li ion secondary battery.
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, the amount of C and O in the vicinity of the surface is reduced, good solderability is obtained, and further bending workability is improved. This can be a technique suitable as a lead material for a lithium ion secondary battery, which is one application of the material.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
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|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003070314A JP4240367B2 (en) | 2003-03-14 | 2003-03-14 | Nickel material |
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| JP2003070314A JP4240367B2 (en) | 2003-03-14 | 2003-03-14 | Nickel material |
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| JP4240367B2 true JP4240367B2 (en) | 2009-03-18 |
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| DE102010010536B4 (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2017-01-05 | Theodor Stuth | Process for the production of nickel strip |
| CN111394604A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-07-10 | 南京环达新材料有限公司 | Application of composite reinforcement body with annular structure in nickel-based composite material |
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