JP4246926B2 - Nasal disease treatment - Google Patents
Nasal disease treatment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4246926B2 JP4246926B2 JP2001153321A JP2001153321A JP4246926B2 JP 4246926 B2 JP4246926 B2 JP 4246926B2 JP 2001153321 A JP2001153321 A JP 2001153321A JP 2001153321 A JP2001153321 A JP 2001153321A JP 4246926 B2 JP4246926 B2 JP 4246926B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- vasoconstrictor
- nasal
- epinephrine
- side effects
- rhinitis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 208000030880 Nose disease Diseases 0.000 title description 14
- 208000026344 Nasal disease Diseases 0.000 title description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000005526 vasoconstrictor agent Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N (R)-adrenaline Chemical compound CNC[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229930182837 (R)-adrenaline Natural products 0.000 claims description 24
- 229960005139 epinephrine Drugs 0.000 claims description 24
- 206010039101 Rhinorrhoea Diseases 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- GYDJEQRTZSCIOI-LJGSYFOKSA-N tranexamic acid Chemical compound NC[C@H]1CC[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1 GYDJEQRTZSCIOI-LJGSYFOKSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229960000401 tranexamic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 17
- 208000036071 Rhinorrhea Diseases 0.000 claims description 16
- 206010041232 sneezing Diseases 0.000 claims description 15
- BYJAVTDNIXVSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetryzoline Chemical compound N1CCN=C1C1C2=CC=CC=C2CCC1 BYJAVTDNIXVSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 206010039083 rhinitis Diseases 0.000 claims description 14
- CNIIGCLFLJGOGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1-naphthalenylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole Chemical compound C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1CC1=NCCN1 CNIIGCLFLJGOGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- WYWIFABBXFUGLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxymetazoline Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C)=C1CC1=NCCN1 WYWIFABBXFUGLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229960005016 naphazoline Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960000337 tetryzoline Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000010753 nasal discharge Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960001802 phenylephrine Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- SONNWYBIRXJNDC-VIFPVBQESA-N phenylephrine Chemical compound CNC[C@H](O)C1=CC=CC(O)=C1 SONNWYBIRXJNDC-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960001262 tramazoline Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960001528 oxymetazoline Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- QQJLHRRUATVHED-UHFFFAOYSA-N tramazoline Chemical compound N1CCN=C1NC1=CC=CC2=C1CCCC2 QQJLHRRUATVHED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000069 prophylactic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229940126585 therapeutic drug Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 16
- OSASVXMJTNOKOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl OSASVXMJTNOKOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 11
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 208000027744 congestion Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000002850 nasal mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- DJDFFEBSKJCGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphazoline Chemical compound Cl.C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1CC1=NCCN1 DJDFFEBSKJCGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229960004926 chlorobutanol Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 210000003928 nasal cavity Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 210000001331 nose Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- HYKGUEIYMKVUSR-NPULLEENSA-N 2-(diethylamino)-n-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide;4-[(1r)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol Chemical compound CNC[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1.CCN(CC)CC(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C HYKGUEIYMKVUSR-NPULLEENSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lidocaine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960004194 lidocaine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000002345 respiratory system Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 206010015150 Erythema Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010020565 Hyperaemia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010028735 Nasal congestion Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000957 no side effect Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- -1 organic acid salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002504 physiological saline solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010039085 Rhinitis allergic Diseases 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 201000010105 allergic rhinitis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 201000009151 chronic rhinitis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000003979 eosinophil Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000003630 histaminocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000001969 hypertrophic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003589 local anesthetic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 201000009240 nasopharyngitis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000001319 vasomotor rhinitis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- PTKSEFOSCHHMPD-SNVBAGLBSA-N 2-amino-n-[(2s)-2-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]acetamide Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(OC)C([C@H](O)CNC(=O)CN)=C1 PTKSEFOSCHHMPD-SNVBAGLBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WJAJPNHVVFWKKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(OC)C(C(O)C(C)N)=C1 WJAJPNHVVFWKKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZOXEODOFNEZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tramazoline hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].N1CCN=C1[NH2+]C1=CC=CC2=C1CCCC2 RZOXEODOFNEZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYDJEQRTZSCIOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tranexamic acid Chemical compound NCC1CCC(C(O)=O)CC1 GYDJEQRTZSCIOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000026935 allergic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000172 allergic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007815 allergy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000010668 atopic eczema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002380 cytological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004704 dihydroergotamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HESHRHUZIWVEAJ-JGRZULCMSA-N dihydroergotamine Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2[C@]2(O)O[C@@](C(N21)=O)(C)NC(=O)[C@H]1CN([C@H]2[C@@H](C3=CC=CC4=NC=C([C]34)C2)C1)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 HESHRHUZIWVEAJ-JGRZULCMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007884 disintegrant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004393 lidocaine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YECIFGHRMFEPJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lidocaine hydrochloride monohydrate Chemical compound O.[Cl-].CC[NH+](CC)CC(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C YECIFGHRMFEPJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005015 local anesthetics Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960005192 methoxamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001094 midodrine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000004877 mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960004186 naphazoline nitrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007923 nasal drop Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940100662 nasal drops Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007922 nasal spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940097496 nasal spray Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002674 ointment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005162 oxymetazoline hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BEEDODBODQVSIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxymetazoline hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C)=C1CC1=NCCN1 BEEDODBODQVSIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940021790 tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BJORNXNYWNIWEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.N1CCN=C1C1C2=CC=CC=C2CCC1 BJORNXNYWNIWEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002627 tracheal intubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は血管収縮剤投与による副作用の抑制された鼻疾患の予防および/または治療薬に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
急性鼻炎、慢性鼻炎、肥厚性鼻炎、血管運動性鼻炎、アレルギー性鼻炎、薬物性鼻炎等の鼻炎における鼻粘膜(上気道)の充血やうっ血の改善、また診断や治療に際する鼻腔からの内視鏡等の挿管を容易にする目的で、エピネフリン等の血管収縮剤、さらにリドカイン等の局所麻酔剤が鼻腔内へ投与されている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
これらの薬物を鼻腔内に投与すると、鼻漏、くしゃみ等の副作用が高頻度で生じることが知られている。ところが、鼻腔内投与製剤中には、血管収縮剤や局所麻酔剤だけでなく保存剤等の製剤添加物が含まれており、これらの副作用の原因については不明であり、通常は連用または頻回使用に伴う局所粘膜の二次充血によるものと信じられていた。
【0004】
従って、本発明の目的は、これら鼻腔内投与製剤の使用による副作用の原因を解明し、かかる副作用のない鼻疾患用薬を提供することにある。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで本発明者は、鼻腔内投与製剤の副作用の原因について検討したところ、血管収縮剤がその原因成分であり、当該副作用はトラネキサム酸またはその塩の投与により顕著に改善され、血管収縮剤とトラネキサム酸またはその塩とを同時または、連続して投与できるようにすれば副作用が少ない鼻疾患の予防または治療薬となり得ることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0006】
すなわち、本発明は、トラネキサム酸またはその塩、並びにエピネフリン、ナファゾリン、テトラヒドロゾリン、オキシメタゾリン、トラマゾリン、フェニレフリンおよびこれらの塩から選ばれる血管収縮剤を含有する鼻炎の予防および/または治療薬を提供するものである。また、本発明は、トラネキサム酸またはその塩を有効成分とする、エピネフリン、ナファゾリン、テトラヒドロゾリン、オキシメタゾリン、トラマゾリン、フェニレフリンおよびこれらの塩から選ばれる血管収縮剤の副作用である鼻漏および/またはくしゃみの抑制剤を提供するものである。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
従来、上気道の充血、うっ血を改善するための鼻腔内投与製剤の副作用が血管収縮剤によるものであることは知られていなかった。本発明者は後記実施例に示すように、血管収縮剤の代表例であるエピネフリンと、保存剤であるクロロブタノール(化学名:1,1,1−トリクロロ−2−メチル−2−プロパノール)および亜硫酸ナトリウムを含有する市販品による副作用の発生状況とこれら各成分のみを含有する鼻腔内投与製剤による副作用の発生状況とを対比した結果、鼻漏およびくしゃみの副作用は血管収縮剤投与群のみに観察された。従って、これらの副作用が血管収縮剤投与によるものであることが今回初めて明らかになった。そしてさらに、血管収縮剤投与によって生じるこれらの副作用は、トラネキサム酸またはその塩の投与により、顕著に抑制されることが判明した。
【0008】
本発明に用いられるトラネキサム酸は、化学名がトランス−4−アミノメチルシクロヘキサンカルボン酸であり、従来より抗プラスミン剤として用いられている成分であり、血管収縮剤と併用できることはもちろん、鼻疾患用薬としての使用、血管収縮剤による副作用を抑制できることは知られていない。
【0009】
トラネキサム酸の塩としては、塩酸塩、硝酸塩、硫酸塩等の鉱酸塩、メタンスルホン酸塩等の有機酸塩、ナトリウム塩、カリウム塩、カルシウム塩、マグネシウム塩等のアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属塩等を挙げることができる。トラネキサム酸またはその塩としては、トラネキサム酸が好ましい。
【0010】
本発明の鼻疾患用薬中のトラネキサム酸またはその塩の含有量は、血管収縮剤による副作用を軽減できる量であればよく0.001〜30重量%、特に0.01〜20重量%が好ましい。
【0011】
また、血管収縮剤としては、例えばエピネフリン、ナファゾリン、テトラヒドロゾリン、オキシメタゾリン、トラマゾリン、フェニレフリン、ミドドリン、メトキサミン、ジヒドロエルゴタミンおよびこれらの塩が挙げられる。ここで塩としては、塩酸塩、硝酸塩、硫酸塩等の鉱酸塩、メタンスルホン酸塩等の有機酸塩が挙げられる。このうち、エピネフリン、ナファゾリン、テトラヒドロゾリン、オキシメタゾリン、トラマゾリンが好ましく、エピネフリン、硝酸ナファゾリン、塩酸テトラヒドロゾリン、硝酸テトラヒドロゾリン、塩酸オキシメタゾリン、塩酸トラマゾリンがより好ましい。
【0012】
本発明の鼻疾患用薬中の血管収縮剤の含有量は、薬物によって異なるが0.001〜5重量%、特に0.01〜1.5重量%が好ましい。
【0013】
本発明の鼻疾患用薬の剤形としては、鼻腔内に局所的に投与できる形態である鼻腔内投与製剤(点鼻薬)であることが好ましい。具体的には、液剤、噴霧剤、塗布剤、点鼻剤、軟膏剤等を挙げることができる。
【0014】
本発明の鼻疾患用薬は、血管収縮剤の効果を発揮、すなわち上気道における諸疾患の充血および/またはうっ血を除去することができればよく、上気道における諸疾患としては急性鼻炎、慢性鼻炎、肥厚性鼻炎、血管運動性鼻炎、アレルギー性鼻炎、薬物性鼻炎等の鼻炎が挙げられる。
【0015】
本発明の鼻疾患用薬においては、血管収縮剤は上記の充血やうっ血を除去する作用をし、一方トラネキサム酸またはその塩は血管収縮剤の副作用を抑制する作用をするので、これらの両者が一の製剤中に配合されていてもよいが、これらのそれぞれを含有する製剤を別個に供給し、同時または連続して使用してもよい。ここで、当該2つの製剤を別個に供給した場合には、いずれを先に使用してもよい。
【0016】
本発明の鼻疾患用薬の製剤化は、公知の製剤技術より行うことができ、製剤中には、本発明の効果を妨げない程度の範囲内で適当な製剤添加物を加えることができる。製剤添加物としては、賦形剤、結合剤、崩壊剤、流動化剤、乳化剤、安定化剤、保存剤等が挙げられる。本発明の鼻疾患の予防および/または治療剤、血管収縮剤の副作用抑制剤の患者への投与量は、患者の性別、年齢、症状、投与回数等により適宜検討を行い、適当な投与量を決めればよい。
【0017】
【実施例】
次に実施例を挙げて本発明を更に詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例に何ら限定されるものではない。
【0018】
実施例
(1)患者
血管収縮剤であるエピネフリン含有局所用製剤を鼻粘膜に噴霧後に、大量の水様鼻漏およびくしゃみの副作用を訴える外来患者を対象とした。
(2)質問事項
(a)鼻粘膜にエピネフリンを噴霧後、水様鼻漏およびくしゃみの症状発生までの時間
(b)症状の継続時間
(c)症状のタイプ
(d)症状の生じた鼻腔の部位
(e)鼻をかんだ回数
(3)使用薬剤
(a)エピネフリン溶液市販品〔エピネフリン(1mg/mL)、クロロブタノール(3mg/mL)および亜硫酸ナトリウム(0.5mg/mL)含有(第一製薬)〕この製剤はエピネフリンとして0.2mg/mLとなるように生理食塩水で5倍希釈し、各鼻孔に0.3mL噴霧して使用した。
(b)クロロブタノール0.6mg/mLまたは亜硫酸ナトリウム0.1mg/mL含有各生理食塩水溶液。各鼻孔にそれぞれ0.3mLを噴霧して使用した。
(c)塩酸リドカイン(5mg/mL)生理食塩水溶液0.3mLを各鼻孔に噴霧して使用した。
(d)トラネキサム酸水溶液(1g/10mL)0.3mLを各鼻孔に噴霧して使用した。
(4)検討手段
以前にエピネフリンおよびリドカイン噴霧後に大量の水様鼻漏とくしゃみの発生を訴えており、再度来院した患者に、前記の質問をした。
前患者をリドカイン投与群(42名)、クロロブタノールおよび亜硫酸ナトリウム投与群(20名)、エピネフリン投与群に分けて副作用を評価した。
トラネキサム酸10%水溶液は、エピネフリンを投与した患者24名に、エピネフリン投与後すぐに鼻粘膜に噴霧した。
鼻粘膜にエピネフリンおよびリドカインを噴霧した後、副作用を訴えた患者10名の鼻分泌液をハンセル氏染色して顕微鏡観察し、好酸球および肥満細胞の細胞学的観察を行った。鼻粘膜の発赤または蒼白などの色調の変化および腫脹の程度は鼻鏡検査により観察した。
(5)結果
(a)表1に示すように、薬剤を鼻腔内に投与してから水様鼻漏およびくしゃみの症状が発生するまでの時間はほとんどの患者で約30〜60分であった。
【0019】
【表1】
【0020】
表2に示すように、副作用の症状はほとんど2日間続いたが、2〜3時間または3日間続く例も数例あった。
【0021】
【表2】
【0022】
(b)表3に示すように、ほとんどの患者がおびただしい水様鼻汁の流出とくしゃみによる副作用に苦しんだ。数人の患者はくしゃみはないが水様鼻漏を訴えた。また何人かは鼻による呼吸する際にひりひりする痛みを訴えた。鼻閉を訴えた患者はなかった。
【0023】
【表3】
【0024】
多くの患者で、症状は鼻腔の両側に生じたが、少数例では片側の鼻腔のみで発生した(表4)。
【0025】
【表4】
【0026】
大量の鼻漏の発生のために、ほとんどの患者は数えきれないほど鼻をかんだ。
【0027】
【表5】
【0028】
鼻をかんだ後でも鼻の中には鼻漏の充満感が残った。鼻漏は水のように流出し、患者は水様鼻漏を除くためにハンカチやティッシュペーパーを持ち歩かなければならなかった。鼻漏は粘性が低く、水様であった。ほとんどの患者は1回目のエピネフリン投与後で大量の鼻漏発生症状があったが、数例は数回投与後に症状が生じた。
【0029】
(b)数名の患者はハウスダストまたは花粉による鼻アレルギー症を有していた。副作用発生前後でアレルギー症状に変化はみられなかった。また、鼻分泌液中に、好酸球も肥満細胞も見られなかった。
【0030】
(c)鼻粘膜局所観察ではうっ血および発赤が見られたが、蒼白な色調、鼻閉をおこす肥厚および鼻づまりは見られなかった。
【0031】
(d)エピネフリンとリドカインの局所投与により大量の水様鼻漏とくしゃみを訴えた患者についてエピネフリンのみを再度投与したところ、それらの症状が再度生じた。しかし、リドカインのみを投与した患者では副作用は生じなかった。
【0032】
(e)エピネフリンとリドカイン投与により、水様鼻漏とくしゃみを訴えた患者に対し、クロロブタノールおよび亜硫酸ナトリウム投与したところ、副作用を生じなかった。
【0033】
(f)エピネフリン投与により副作用の生じた24名に対し、エピネフリン投与後すぐにトラネキサム酸10%水溶液を投与したところ、24名中22名で異常な鼻漏およびくしゃみの副作用は生じなかった(有効率92%)。
【0034】
上記の(a)〜(e)の結果から、鼻疾患用薬の投与で発生する鼻漏およびくしゃみ等の副作用は、リドカインや保存剤が原因でもなく、また単に長期連用により生じるものでもなく、明らかに血管収縮剤であるエピネフリンが原因である。
【0035】
そして、当該血管収縮剤に起因する鼻漏やくしゃみ等の頻度の極めて高い副作用は、トラネキサム酸の投与により、92%という高い有効率で抑制できることがわかる。
【0036】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、鼻疾患用薬適用後の鼻漏およびくしゃみの発生の原因が血管収縮剤であることが明らかとなり、当該副作用がトラネキサム酸またはその塩により顕著に防止できる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a preventive and / or therapeutic agent for nasal diseases in which side effects caused by administration of a vasoconstrictor are suppressed.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Improvement of nasal mucosal (upper respiratory tract) hyperemia and congestion in rhinitis such as acute rhinitis, chronic rhinitis, hypertrophic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, drug-induced rhinitis, and intranasal passage for diagnosis and treatment For the purpose of facilitating intubation of an endoscope or the like, a vasoconstrictor such as epinephrine and a local anesthetic such as lidocaine are administered into the nasal cavity.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
It is known that side effects such as nasal discharge and sneezing occur frequently when these drugs are administered intranasally. However, intranasal preparations contain formulation additives such as preservatives as well as vasoconstrictors and local anesthetics, and the cause of these side effects is unclear, and is usually used continuously or frequently. It was believed to be due to secondary redness of the local mucosa with use.
[0004]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to elucidate the cause of side effects caused by the use of these intranasal preparations and to provide a drug for nasal diseases without such side effects.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Therefore, the present inventor examined the cause of the side effect of the intranasal preparation, and the vasoconstrictor was the causative component. The side effect was remarkably improved by the administration of tranexamic acid or a salt thereof. It has been found that if an acid or a salt thereof can be administered simultaneously or successively, it can be a preventive or therapeutic agent for nasal diseases with few side effects, and the present invention has been completed.
[0006]
That is, the present invention provides a preventive and / or therapeutic agent for rhinitis containing tranexamic acid or a salt thereof , and a vasoconstrictor selected from epinephrine, naphazoline, tetrahydrozoline, oxymetazoline, tramazoline, phenylephrine and salts thereof. Is. The present invention also relates to rhinorrhea and / or sneezing, which is a side effect of a vasoconstrictor selected from epinephrine, naphazoline, tetrahydrozoline, oxymetazoline, tramazoline, phenylephrine and salts thereof containing tranexamic acid or a salt thereof as an active ingredient. there is provided a inhibitor.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Conventionally, it has not been known that the side effects of intranasal preparations for improving the congestion and congestion of the upper respiratory tract are due to vasoconstrictors. As shown in Examples below, the present inventor, epinephrine, which is a typical example of a vasoconstrictor, and chlorobutanol (chemical name: 1,1,1-trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol) which is a preservative and As a result of comparing the occurrence of side effects with commercial products containing sodium sulfite and the occurrence of side effects with intranasal preparations containing only these components, the side effects of nasal discharge and sneezing were observed only in the vasoconstrictor administration group It was done. Therefore, it became clear for the first time that these side effects were caused by administration of a vasoconstrictor. Furthermore, it has been found that these side effects caused by vasoconstrictor administration are markedly suppressed by administration of tranexamic acid or a salt thereof.
[0008]
Tranexamic acid used in the present invention has a chemical name of trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid and is a component conventionally used as an antiplasmin agent and can be used in combination with a vasoconstrictor as well as for nasal diseases. It is not known that side effects caused by use as a drug or vasoconstrictor can be suppressed.
[0009]
As salts of tranexamic acid, mineral salts such as hydrochloride, nitrate and sulfate, organic acid salts such as methanesulfonate, alkali metals such as sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium salts, alkaline earth metals A salt etc. can be mentioned. As tranexamic acid or a salt thereof, tranexamic acid is preferable.
[0010]
The content of tranexamic acid or a salt thereof in the drug for nasal disease of the present invention may be an amount that can reduce the side effects caused by the vasoconstrictor, and is preferably 0.001 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably 0.01 to 20% by weight. .
[0011]
Examples of the vasoconstrictor include epinephrine, naphazoline, tetrahydrozoline, oxymetazoline, tramazoline, phenylephrine, midodrine, methoxamine, dihydroergotamine, and salts thereof. Here, examples of the salt include mineral acid salts such as hydrochloride, nitrate and sulfate, and organic acid salts such as methanesulfonate. Among these, epinephrine, naphazoline, tetrahydrozoline, oxymetazoline, and tramazoline are preferable, and epinephrine, naphazoline nitrate, tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride, tetrahydrozoline nitrate, oxymetazoline hydrochloride, and tramazoline hydrochloride are more preferable.
[0012]
The content of the vasoconstrictor in the nasal disease drug of the present invention varies depending on the drug, but is preferably 0.001 to 5% by weight, particularly preferably 0.01 to 1.5% by weight.
[0013]
The dosage form of the drug for nasal diseases of the present invention is preferably an intranasal preparation (nasal spray) that can be locally administered into the nasal cavity. Specific examples include liquids, sprays, coating agents, nasal drops, ointments and the like.
[0014]
The drug for nasal diseases of the present invention only needs to exert the effect of a vasoconstrictor, that is, to remove the hyperemia and / or congestion of the diseases in the upper respiratory tract, and the diseases in the upper respiratory tract include acute rhinitis, chronic rhinitis, Examples include rhinitis such as hypertrophic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, and drug-induced rhinitis.
[0015]
In the drug for nasal diseases of the present invention, the vasoconstrictor acts to remove the above-mentioned hyperemia and congestion, while tranexamic acid or a salt thereof acts to suppress the side effects of the vasoconstrictor. Although it may be blended in one preparation, preparations containing each of these may be supplied separately and used simultaneously or sequentially. Here, when the two preparations are supplied separately, any of them may be used first.
[0016]
Formulation of the nasal disease drug of the present invention can be carried out by a known formulation technique, and appropriate formulation additives can be added to the formulation within a range that does not interfere with the effects of the present invention. Examples of formulation additives include excipients, binders, disintegrants, fluidizers, emulsifiers, stabilizers, preservatives and the like. The dose of the preventive and / or therapeutic agent for nasal diseases and the side effect inhibitor of vasoconstrictor of the present invention to the patient is appropriately determined according to the patient's sex, age, symptom, frequency of administration, etc. Just decide.
[0017]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Next, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated still in detail, this invention is not limited to these Examples at all.
[0018]
Example (1) After spraying a topical preparation containing epinephrine, which is a patient vasoconstrictor, on the nasal mucosa, it was targeted for outpatients who complained of side effects of massive water-like rhinorrhea and sneezing.
(2) Question (a) Time from the onset of epinephrine on the nasal mucosa to the onset of symptoms of watery rhinorrhea and sneezing (b) Duration of symptoms (c) Type of symptoms (d) Symptoms of nasal cavity where symptoms occurred Site (e) Number of times of nose biting (3) Drug used (a) Epinephrine solution commercially available [Epinephrine (1 mg / mL), chlorobutanol (3 mg / mL) and sodium sulfite (0.5 mg / mL) included (Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) )] This preparation was diluted 5-fold with physiological saline so as to be 0.2 mg / mL as epinephrine, and 0.3 mL was sprayed to each nostril for use.
(B) Each physiological saline solution containing chlorobutanol 0.6 mg / mL or sodium sulfite 0.1 mg / mL. Each nostril was used by spraying 0.3 mL.
(C) Lidocaine hydrochloride (5 mg / mL) physiological saline solution 0.3 mL was sprayed on each nostril and used.
(D) 0.3 mL of tranexamic acid aqueous solution (1 g / 10 mL) was sprayed on each nostril and used.
(4) Prior to the investigation, the patient was complaining of a large amount of watery rhinorrhea and sneezing after spraying epinephrine and lidocaine, and the above question was asked to a patient who visited the hospital again.
Side effects were evaluated by dividing the previous patient into a lidocaine administration group (42 patients), a chlorobutanol and sodium sulfite administration group (20 patients), and an epinephrine administration group.
The tranexamic acid 10% aqueous solution was sprayed on the nasal mucosa immediately after epinephrine administration in 24 patients who received epinephrine.
After epinephrine and lidocaine were sprayed on the nasal mucosa, the nasal secretions of 10 patients who complained of side effects were stained by Hansel and microscopically observed for cytological observation of eosinophils and mast cells. Changes in color tone such as redness or paleness of the nasal mucosa and the degree of swelling were observed by nasal examination.
(5) Results (a) As shown in Table 1, the time from administration of the drug intranasally to the onset of watery rhinorrhea and sneezing was about 30-60 minutes in most patients. .
[0019]
[Table 1]
[0020]
As shown in Table 2, the symptoms of side effects lasted almost 2 days, but there were some cases lasting 2-3 hours or 3 days.
[0021]
[Table 2]
[0022]
(B) As shown in Table 3, most patients suffered from side effects due to copious watery nasal discharge and sneezing. Several patients complained of watery rhinorrhea, although they did not sneeze. Some also complained of tingling pain when breathing through the nose. No patient complained of nasal congestion.
[0023]
[Table 3]
[0024]
In many patients, symptoms occurred on both sides of the nasal cavity, but in a few cases only in one nasal cavity (Table 4).
[0025]
[Table 4]
[0026]
Due to the large amount of rhinorrhea, most patients bitten their nose.
[0027]
[Table 5]
[0028]
Even after I bit my nose, my nose remained full of rhinorrhea. The rhinorrhea spilled like water, and the patient had to carry a handkerchief or tissue paper to remove the watery rhinorrhea. The rhinorrhea was low in viscosity and watery. Most patients had massive symptoms of rhinorrhea after the first dose of epinephrine, but some had symptoms after several doses.
[0029]
(B) Several patients had nasal allergy due to house dust or pollen. There was no change in allergic symptoms before and after the occurrence of side effects. In addition, neither eosinophils nor mast cells were found in the nasal secretion.
[0030]
(C) Congestion and redness were observed in local observation of the nasal mucosa, but no pale color, thickening causing nasal congestion and nasal congestion were observed.
[0031]
(D) Re-administration of epinephrine alone in a patient who complained of massive watery rhinorrhea and sneezing due to local administration of epinephrine and lidocaine caused their symptoms again. However, there were no side effects in patients who received lidocaine alone.
[0032]
(E) When chlorobutanol and sodium sulfite were administered to patients who complained of watery rhinorrhea and sneeze by epinephrine and lidocaine administration, no side effects occurred.
[0033]
(F) When 24 patients with side effects caused by epinephrine administration were given a 10% aqueous solution of tranexamic acid immediately after epinephrine administration, no side effects of abnormal rhinorrhea and sneezing occurred in 22 of 24 patients. Efficiency 92%).
[0034]
From the results of the above (a) to (e), side effects such as nasal discharge and sneezing caused by administration of nasal disease drugs are not caused by lidocaine or preservatives, nor are they simply caused by long-term continuous use, Apparently due to epinephrine, a vasoconstrictor.
[0035]
Then, it can be seen that side effects such as nasal discharge and sneezing caused by the vasoconstrictor can be suppressed at a high effective rate of 92% by administration of tranexamic acid.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it becomes clear that the cause of nasal discharge and sneezing after application of a nasal disease drug is a vasoconstrictor, and this side effect can be significantly prevented by tranexamic acid or a salt thereof.
Claims (5)
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| JP2001153321A JP4246926B2 (en) | 2001-05-23 | 2001-05-23 | Nasal disease treatment |
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| JP2001153321A JP4246926B2 (en) | 2001-05-23 | 2001-05-23 | Nasal disease treatment |
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