JP4255404B2 - Non-woven - Google Patents

Description

The present invention for various purposes in various industrial fields, to nonwoven fabric produced by using a resolver Indah been utilized in applications.

  Fibers obtained from plants are used in large quantities in paper / pulp and clothing applications, but most of the fibers are derived from long and thin fiber cells with cell walls consisting of strong secondary walls. . On the other hand, parenchymal cells in which secondary walls are not developed cannot be used for the same applications as conventional fiber cells because the cell walls are weak and there are many square cells.

  The soft tissue in which soft cells have gathered is abundant in fruit and stalks, and is abundant in juice squeezed sucrose, sugar cane, and sugar cane squeezed sucrose. However, many of these squeezes are often disposed of as agricultural or industrial waste, and there are few cases where they are effectively used.

  Several methods have been proposed for effectively using plant pomace that is used as industrial waste, and a method of using wine pomace after fermentation for a certain period, drying and crushing it, and using it as livestock feed (for example, Patent Document 1). And a method of burning and carbonizing okara which is a squeezed rice cake of soybean and using it as a filtering agent or a filter aid as powder or granules (see, for example, Patent Document 2) Examples include a method of using the dried product as an additive for food (for example, see Patent Document 3).

However, when it is used as an additive for feed or food, since the raw material is limited in terms of ingredients, there is a problem that it can be applied only to specific things such as squeezed grapes and okara. In that respect, carbonized filter agents and filter aids have few restrictions on raw materials, but on the contrary, there are many things that can be used as raw materials, and it is inefficient to intentionally carbonize materials with high water content such as squeezed rice cake, It is considered inappropriate as a raw material.
JP-A-2002-171916 (pages 1 and 2) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-076813 (pages 1 and 2) JP-A-5-068503 (pages 1 to 6)

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and is intended to effectively utilize the squeezed culm of a plant, which often becomes industrial waste, taking advantage of the characteristics of the fiber obtained from the parenchyma present in the plant. is there.

  As a result of studies to solve the above problems, fibers obtained by pulping cell walls of parenchymal cells are thin and short compared to fibers obtained from wood, etc., so they are used as conventional papermaking raw materials and fiber materials. Although it is difficult to do so, it has been found that it can be used as a binder in the production of nonwoven fabrics by taking advantage of the size of the specific surface area due to the fine fibers and the hydrogen bonds between the fibers formed during drying.

  In addition, when a nonwoven fabric is produced using fibers obtained from parenchyma as a binder, the formation of the sheet is promoted and the sheet strength is increased, and further, the fiber obtained from parenchyma is subjected to a refinement treatment. And found that the effect is even higher.

  The fiber obtained from plant parenchymal cells in the present invention is mainly composed of cellulose obtained by treating a portion mainly composed of parenchymal cells present in plant stems, leaves, fruits, etc. with alkali, and water. Insoluble fiber.

  The binder in the present invention is added in the range of 0.1 to 99.9% (w / w) of the whole raw material in order to connect the main fibers when producing a nonwoven fabric by a wet method. It is. It is assumed that the fiber obtained from the soft tissue in the present invention exhibits a binder effect by adhering to the contact between the main fibers or by cross-linking the main fibers. Therefore, it can be said that the fiber used as the binder has a larger specific surface area and has a stronger bonding force, and the effect is higher. However, the fine fiber of the present invention having the ability to form hydrogen bonds with cellulose is suitable as the binder. It can be said that there is.

  The nonwoven fabric in the present invention is a sheet produced by a wet method in which various fibers suspended in a liquid such as water are dispersed on a net or the like, and the fibers are laminated while being dehydrated.

  The fiber suspension stability in the present invention is 50% or more when the fiber suspension having a concentration of 0.1% (w / w) in the present invention is allowed to stand for 24 hours. The volume of the lower suspension is 50% or more of the total volume. This suspension stability can also be interpreted as dispersibility, and it can be said that the higher the dispersibility of the fibers and the more uniform the suspension, the higher the suspension stability. This suspension stability is related to the size of the fiber. The finer the fiber, the higher the stability of the suspension.

  According to the present invention, fibers obtained from plant parenchyma cells can be used as a binder in the production of nonwoven fabrics. Since the plant parenchyma cells are abundantly contained in industrial wastes such as squeezed rice cake, these wastes can be used effectively.

  In the present invention, in order to obtain plant parenchymal cells, the internal parenchyma of the stem, leaf mesophyll, fruits, etc. may be crushed, but industrially discharged from food processing factories, sugar factories, etc. It is most suitable to use juice squeezed squeezed from fruit and squeezed squeezed from sugar cane, sugar beet, etc. In particular, when using sugar cane juice lees, for example, a cane separator manufactured by Amcaine Co., Ltd. is used to separate and squeeze only the portion containing a lot of parenchyma cells from the sugar cane stalk in advance. It is possible to obtain a soot containing, which is efficient.

  In the present invention, in order to obtain fibers from parenchymal cells, it is preferable to apply a pulping treatment when producing pulp from wood. For example, a kraft pulping method or a soda pulping method in which lignin is decomposed and removed by mixing and heating with an alkali such as caustic soda can be used. Detailed pulping conditions may be appropriately determined in view of the properties of the raw materials, the properties of the target fiber, the yield, and the like. After washing the alkali, bleaching is performed as necessary. Hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide, sodium hypochlorite, oxygen, ozone, etc. can be used as the bleaching agent. After bleaching, it can be washed to obtain a fiber suspension.

  Although the fiber obtained by the pulping treatment can be used as a binder as it is, the binder effect can be further enhanced by setting the suspension stability to 50% or more by the refinement treatment. For the miniaturization process, a rotary blade homogenizer that applies shear force with a high-speed rotary blade, or a double-cylinder high-speed generator that generates shear force between a cylindrical inner blade that rotates at high speed and a fixed outer blade. Homogenizer, ultrasonic crusher that is refined by impact by ultrasonic waves, fiber suspension by applying a pressure difference of at least 3000 psi and passing through a small-diameter orifice to increase the speed, and colliding with this to rapidly decelerate the fiber A high-pressure homogenizer or the like that is refined by applying a shearing force or a cutting force can be used.

  Suspension stability was evaluated by adjusting the obtained fiber suspension to a concentration of 0.1% (w / w) and placing it in a graduated cylinder, etc., from the settled surface of the suspended fiber after standing for 24 hours. The lower volume may be read to calculate the ratio to the total suspension.

  The nonwoven fabric in the present invention is produced by a wet papermaking method. In preparation of the raw material slurry, in addition to the main fibers and binder, a dispersant, a thickener and the like are appropriately added as necessary to adjust the solid content concentration to about 1% to 0.001%. This raw material slurry is further diluted to a predetermined concentration and sent to a paper machine for wet papermaking. As the paper machine, a circular paper machine, a long paper machine, a short paper machine, an inclined paper machine, a combination paper machine in which the same or different types of paper machines are combined, and the like are used.

  The fibers used for the production of the nonwoven fabric in the present invention include rayon, cellulose, polyolefin, polyester, acrylic, polyamide, polyethersulfone (PES), wholly aromatic polyamide, wholly aromatic polyester, wholly aromatic polyester amide, wholly aromatic. Group polyether, wholly aromatic polycarbonate, wholly aromatic polyazomethine, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), poly-p-phenylenebenzobisthiazole (PBZT), poly-p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole (PBO), polybenzimidazole (PBI) ), Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyamideimide (PAI), polyimide, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene- (acetic acid) vinyl Alcohol copolymers, carbon, graphite, include single fibers or composite fibers made of phenol resin, may be on these alone, or in combination of two or more. PBZT may be either a transformer type or a cis type. It is also possible to use fibers made of glass, micro glass, rock wool, alumina, alumina / silica, zirconia, tyranno, silicon carbide, potassium titanate, alumina whisker, aluminum borate whisker, stainless steel, copper, and other metals. it can.

  The nonwoven fabric produced according to the present invention can be used in a wide range of applications.

(Examples 1-8)
The stems of Okinawa sugarcane that had been defoliated and trimmed to a length of about 50 cm were treated with a cane separator (Amcaine). The inside of the obtained flaky stem was squeezed with a screw press and then charged into a 10 L autoclave. Caustic soda was mixed so that the liquid ratio was 4 and the effective alkali addition rate was 11 to 14%, and the mixture was treated under the conditions of a holding temperature of 120 ° C. and a holding time of 30 minutes. After washing by filtration, sodium hypochlorite was added and stirred so that the sample concentration was 8% and the effective chlorine concentration was 2%, bleached at room temperature for 8 hours, and then washed by filtration. Thereby, a fiber suspension derived from sugarcane parenchyma cells was obtained.

  The raw material slurry for manufacturing the nonwoven fabric was prepared using a pulper according to the raw material, binder and content shown in Table 1. In Table 1, “R1” is a rayon fiber (Daiwabo Corona SB) having a fineness of 0.88 dtex and a fiber length of 7 mm, and “PP1” is a polypropylene fiber having a fineness of 0.77 dtex and a fiber length of 5 mm (Pz made by Daiwabo) , “PP2” is a core-sheath composite fiber having a fineness of 0.77 dtex and a fiber length of 5 mm (NBF-H manufactured by Daiwabo, core: polypropylene, sheath: polyethylene), and “PET1” has a fineness of 0.1 dtex, fiber length 3 mm polyethylene terephthalate fiber (manufactured by Teijin), "PET2" is a core-sheath composite fiber (TJ04CN, Teijin TJ04CN, core: polyethylene terephthalate, sheath: polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene isophthalate having a fineness of 1.7 dtex and a fiber length of 5 mm. Polymer), “A1” is an acrylic fiber (both made by Mitsubishi Rayon) having a fineness of 0.1 dtex and a fiber length of 3 mm. Nel), “PA1” is a nylon 6 fiber with a fineness of 0.66 dtex and a fiber length of 5 mm (manufactured by Unitika), and “PA2” is a para-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber with a fineness of 2.7 dtex and a fiber length of 6 mm (Toray Deyupon) Kevlar 1T638), “PA3” is a para-type wholly aromatic polyamide pulp (Teijin Twaron Pulp 1094), and “PET3” is a wholly aromatic polyester fiber having a fineness of 1.7 dtex and a fiber length of 5 mm (Kuraray Vectran NT). Means. “P1” means sugarcane parenchyma fiber.

Slurries 1-8 were wet-paper-made using a circular paper machine to prepare nonwoven fabrics 1-8 having a basis weight of 30 g / m ² and a thickness of 90 μm.

(Comparative Examples 1-3)
Slurries 9 to 11 were subjected to wet paper making using a circular net paper machine to prepare nonwoven fabrics 9 to 11 having a basis weight of 30 g / m ² and a thickness of 90 μm.

  Non-woven fabrics 1 to 11 were cut into 5 or more strips having a width of 50 mm and a length of 200 mm. The sample load of the desktop material testing machine (Orientec Co., Ltd., STA-1150) is clamped at 100 mm intervals on both ends of the sample, and the upper end is pulled up until it is cut at a constant speed of 100 mm / min. The average value was taken as the tensile strength and shown in Table 2.

  As shown in Table 2, when Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are compared, the tensile strength of Example 1 that contains sugarcane soft cells is clearly stronger than that of Comparative Example 1 that does not contain sugarcane soft cell fibers. The binder effect of cell fibers is obvious. Comparing Example 2 with Comparative Example 2 and Example 3 with Comparative Example 3, Examples 2 and 3 using sugarcane parenchyma fiber as a binder have a smaller binder amount than the comparative example, and have a higher tensile strength. It is clear that the binder ability of sugarcane parenchyma fibers is high. The nonwoven fabrics produced in Examples 4 to 8 also have high strength because they use sugarcane soft cell fibers as a binder.

Example 9
The sugarcane parenchyma fiber used in Examples 1 to 8 is made into a 1% (w / w) suspension, and 1 L of the suspension is 15700 rpm using a rotary blade homogenizer (Osterizer, manufactured by Osterizer). For 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 minutes (Sample 1). Further, using a high-pressure homogenizer (manufactured by Niro Soabi), 1 L of the suspension was circulated for 0, 0.5, 1, ² , and 4 minutes at a pressure of 500 kg / cm ² (Sample 2). Samples 1 and 2 were each 0.1% (w / w), placed in a 100 mL graduated cylinder and allowed to stand, and the sedimentation volume of fine cellulose fibers after 24 hours was measured. The suspension stability, which is the ratio of the sediment volume of fine cellulose fibers to the entire suspension, was calculated. The results are shown in Table 3.

  From Table 3, it was clear that the suspension stability increased as the treatment time increased for both Samples 1 and 2, and the fiber was further refined.

  Using each of Samples 1 and 2 as a binder, according to Example 1, a nonwoven fabric was made with the formulation of slurry 1 and the tensile strength was measured. The results are shown in Table 4.

  The higher the suspension stability of Samples 1 and 2, the stronger the nonwoven fabric was. However, when the suspension stability exceeded 50%, the strength was not significantly increased. When the suspension stability exceeds 50%, the strength is almost saturated. Therefore, it was found that the binder effect is constant when the suspension stability is 50% or more.

(Example 10)
After facing the sugar beet skin from Hokkaido, it was crushed with a crusher mill to obtain a cocoon after squeezing. According to Example 1, the nonwoven fabric was paper-made with the mixing | blending of the slurry 1 which used sugar beet parenchyma cell fiber as the binder similarly to sugar cane parenchyma cell fiber, and the tensile strength was measured. As a result, it was 34.2 N / 50 mm, and it was revealed that the strength was higher than those of Comparative Examples 1 to 3, and the binder effect was obtained.

  According to the present invention, fibers obtained from plant parenchyma cells can be used as a binder for non-woven fabrics, and it has become possible to effectively use fruit, stem and leaf squeezed straw that are industrial waste.

Claims (3)

Rayon, cellulose, polyolefin, polyester, acrylic, polyamide, polyethersulfone, wholly aromatic polyamide, wholly aromatic polyester, wholly aromatic polyester amide, wholly aromatic polyether, wholly aromatic polycarbonate, wholly aromatic polyazomethine, polyphenylene Sulfide, poly-p-phenylenebenzobisthiazole, poly-p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole, polybenzimidazole, polyetheretherketone, polyamideimide, polyimide, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene- (acetic acid ) Vinyl alcohol copolymer, carbon, graphite, phenolic resin, glass, micro glass, rock wool, alumina, alumina / silica, zirconia, tyranno, carbonized Element, obtained by applying potassium titanate, alumina whisker, aluminum borate whisker, at least one pulping process by main fibers and kraft pulping process from parenchyma cells of plant or soda pulping method consisting selected from metal A nonwoven fabric comprising a binder for producing a nonwoven fabric made of woven fibers. Nonwoven fabric of claim 1 parenchyma cell is derived from sugar cane. Nonwoven fabric of claim 1 suspension stability of the fiber obtained from parenchyma cells is 50% or more.