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JP4256111B2 - Nonwoven sheet for civil engineering - Google Patents
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JP4256111B2 - Nonwoven sheet for civil engineering - Google Patents

Nonwoven sheet for civil engineering Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4256111B2
JP4256111B2 JP2002144598A JP2002144598A JP4256111B2 JP 4256111 B2 JP4256111 B2 JP 4256111B2 JP 2002144598 A JP2002144598 A JP 2002144598A JP 2002144598 A JP2002144598 A JP 2002144598A JP 4256111 B2 JP4256111 B2 JP 4256111B2
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Prior art keywords
sheet
civil engineering
resin
nonwoven fabric
layer
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JP2003336172A (en
JP2003336172A5 (en
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岩崎  博文
康正 推井
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Asahi Kasei Corp
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Asahi Kasei Fibers Corp
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  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は土木用不織シートに関し、さらに詳しくは廃棄物処分場などに設置される遮水シートの保護層などに特に好適な土木用不織シートに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より、都市ごみや焼却ごみなどを地面に埋めて最終的に処分する方法が行われている。これらの埋立て処理に際しては、環境汚染防止の観点から、地面に掘られた巨大な貯留穴の表面に防水層を敷設して廃棄物からでる汚水や有害物質が地中に浸入するのが防止されている。該防水層には、通常、ゴム製シート、樹脂製シートなどが用いられ、また該防止層の下層や上層にはこれを保護するための不織布や発泡樹脂等からなる保護材やクッション材が敷設されている。
例えば、特開平8−197658号公報には、高吸水性樹脂を不織布間に分散配置させた土木用遮水シートが提案されている。この遮水シートは、防止層の下層に敷設され、防止層に傷が生じて該傷から水が漏れ出た場合、該水で高吸水性樹脂を膨潤させ、その膨潤圧で漏れ出た水が地下にしみ込むのを防止する。しかし、施工時などに高吸水性樹脂の粉が漏れるのを防ぐための種々の工夫が必要であり、製造工程が煩雑となり、また地面からの水分などで高吸水性樹脂が膨潤するのを防止するために水不透過性シートをさらにその下層に敷設する必要があるなどコストや作業性の面で問題があった。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は、上記従来技術の問題点を解決し、低コストで製造することができ、敷設作業性に優れ、かつ屋外耐久性、強度、耐圧縮性および外観品位に優れた防水層の保護層に特に好適に用いることができる土木用不織シートを提供することにある。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を達成するために本願で請求される発明は以下のとおりである。
(1)平均繊維径が10〜50μm、厚さが2mm以上および目付が200〜1000g/m2 であるニードルパンチ処理されたポリエステル長繊維不織布の少なくとも片面に、顔料が練り込まれた樹脂を5〜50重量%塗布したシートであって、該ポリエステル長繊維不織布が2層構造を有し、前記樹脂の塗布される側の層が、平均繊維径10〜30μm、平均みかけ密度0.2〜0.4g/cm 3 および目付100〜500g/m 2 である緻密構造を有し、それに続く層が、平均繊維径20〜50μm、平均みかけ密度0.05〜0.25g/cm 3 および目付100〜700g/m 2 である粗構造を有し、該シートの貫通抵抗が300N以上、厚み変化率が60%以下および柔軟性が20〜150mmであることを特徴とする土木用不織シート。
) カーボンフエード照射500時間後の引張強度保持率が60%以上であることを特徴とする()に記載の土木用不織シート。
3)前記シートが廃棄物処分場の遮水シートであることを特徴とする(1)または(2)に記載の土木用不織シート。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の土木用不織シートには、平均繊維径10〜50μm、厚さ2mm以上および目付200〜1000g/m2 であるニードルパンチ処理されたポリエステル長繊維不織布が用いられる。
上記ポリエステル長繊維不織布には、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリプロピレンテレフタレート、これらの共重合ポリエステルなどからなるポリエステル繊維が用いられ、その平均繊維径は10〜50μm、好ましくは15〜30μmである。平均繊維径が10μm未満では繊維フィラメントが細すぎて強度が不足し、後述する機械交絡で切断し易くなり、また繊維密度が高くなる。一方、40μmを超えると繊維フイラメントが太く、機械交絡し難くなり、また繊維密度が低くなり、強度などが低下する。
【0006】
またポリエステル長繊維不織布の厚みは2mm以上、好ましくは3〜10mmである。不織布の厚みが2mm未満では、不織布の強度が不足し、防水層が鋭利な突起物により切断されたり、防水層に穴があくのを防止することができず、保護層として役割が果たせない。
さらにポリエステル長繊維不織布の目付は200〜1000g/m2 、好ましは250〜900g/m2 、より好ましくは300〜800g/m2 である。目付が200g/m2 未満では、繊維量が不足し、保護層としての強度などが得られず、また目付が1000g/m2 を超えるとニードルパンチ加工の交絡性が不足し、重く、嵩高となり、取扱性、生産性が低下する。
【0007】
ポリエステル長繊維不織布は、公知のスパンボンド法の溶融紡糸により連続フイラメントのウエブとした後、一対のエンボスロールと平滑ロールで部分熱圧着し、ニードルパンチ加工で交絡されて得られる。このニードルパンチ処理は、不織布を構成する繊維を三次元交絡させ、衝撃や高荷重を吸収する高クッション性等を得るために必要である。上記ウエブは、部分熱圧着により取り扱いできる程度に接合されていればよく、この接合はニードルパンチ加工で解かれることが好ましい。接合が十分に行われるとニードルパンチ加工で繊維切断が生じ、穴があき、繊維の三次元交絡を十分に行うことができなくなる。従って、長繊維ウエブは、その繊維融点よりも30〜100℃程度低い温度に加熱した熱ロールで部分的に加圧接合し、その後のニードルパンチ加工でその接合を解き、ニードル針で構成繊維を十分に三次元交絡させるのが好ましい。ニードルパンチ加工は、例えば、30〜40番のニードル針を用い、パンチ密度60〜300回/cm2 、好ましくは80〜250回/cm2 で上片側または両側から行うことができる。
【0008】
本発明に用いられるポリエステル長繊維不織布は、緻密な層とこれよりも粗い層からなる二層構造であることが好ましい。この場合の緻密な層は、平均繊維径が10〜30μm、好ましくは15〜25μm、平均みかけ密度が0.2〜0.4g/cm3 、好ましくは0.25〜0.4g/cm3 および目付が100〜500g/m2 、好ましくは150〜400g/m2 であるのが好ましい。緻密な層の表面に後述する樹脂を塗布することにより、凹凸の少ない平坦な構造の外観品位に優れた土木用不織シートを得ることができる。また緻密な層に続く粗い層は、平均繊維径が20〜50μm、好ましくは25〜45μm、平均みかけ密度が0.05〜0.25g/cm3 、好ましくは0.07〜0.2g/cm3 および目付が100〜700g/m2 、好ましくは150〜600g/m2 であるのが好ましい。この粗い層は、衝撃などを吸収するクッション作用を有する。
【0009】
本発明の土木用不織シートは、上記ポリエステル長繊維不織布の少なくとも片面に、顔料が練り込まれた樹脂を5〜50重量%、好ましくは10〜30重量%塗布することにより得られる。樹脂の塗布量が5重量%未満では、目的とするシートの耐久性、強度補強などの特性が得られず、50重量%を超えると、耐久性、強度補強などの特性は得られるが、柔軟性が不足し、ロール形状に巻き取ることができなくなり、運搬性が低下し、重量も増大し、施工作業性が低下し、さらにコスト高となる。
樹脂の種類には特に制限はないが、例えばアクリル系樹脂、ポリエステル系樹脂、エポキシ系樹脂、ウレタン系樹脂などの水系エマルジョン系樹脂、溶剤系樹脂などを用いることができる。
【0010】
また樹脂に練り込む顔料にも特に制限はないく黒、緑、青など公知の顔料が用いられるが、自然環境に優しい緑系色、茶系色などの顔料が好ましい。さらに酸化チタン、耐光剤、紫外線吸収剤、酸化防止剤、架橋剤などを混合して耐久性、強度保持性、外観品位を向上させることもできる。顔料の練り込み量、加工性に問題の生じない範囲、例えば0.01〜5重量%の範囲で粘度を調節しながら適宜選定される。
ポリエステル長繊維不織布への樹脂の塗布は、例えば、樹脂にカルボキシセルロースなどの増粘剤を添加して1万〜10万cps(mPa・s)の粘度に調整した後、コンマコーテング、ナイフコーテングなどの塗布方法で行われ、塗布後にクリップテンター、ピンテンターなどで加熱乾燥、架橋処理などが行われる。塗布量の調節はコーテング機械の隙間調節、樹脂の粘度調節などで行われる。
【0011】
ポリエステル長繊維不織布の少なくとも方面に樹脂を塗布することにより、不織布表面を構成する繊維が樹脂と一体化されて剛性、強度が強化される。不織布に塗布される樹脂量は多いほど不織布表面の保護性能は向上するが、樹脂板のようになり、シートをロール状に巻くことができず、重量が重くなり、運搬時や施工時の作業性、取扱性が低下する。このため、樹脂層の厚みはシート全体の厚みに対して10〜50%程度とするのが好ましい。
【0012】
さらに本発明における土木用不織シートは、貫通抵抗が300N以上、好ましくは350N以上、より好ましくは400N以上であり、厚み変化率が60%以下、好ましくは10〜50%であり、柔軟性が20〜150mm、好ましくは30〜120mmであることが必要である。
ここで、貫通抵抗とはASTMD−4833に準じて測定された値をいい、突起物や鋭利な廃棄物などで突き刺したときに抵抗する強度を示す。この貫通抵抗が300N未満では突起物や鋭利な廃棄物などで突き刺したときに土木用不織シートに傷や穴があき易く、遮水シートの保護層としての強度が不足する。
【0013】
また厚み変化率は2kPa荷重時の厚みをT1 、100kPa荷重時の厚みをT2 としたときに式{(T 1 −T 2 )/T 1 ×100で算出される値をいう。土木用不織シートの厚み変化率が60%を超えると、該シート上に土、砂、石、廃棄物などの重量物を載置した場合にシートが厚み方向に薄くへたり易いため、保護層としてのクッション性を維持することができない。
また本発明において、柔軟性は、後述するように幅20mm×長さ400mmの土木用不織シートを水平台から250mmスライドさせたときの該シートの先端から水平台延長線までの鉛直距離で示し、この値が小さいほど柔軟性に乏しいことを示す。この柔軟性が20mm未満では風合いが硬く、土木用不織シートをロール状に巻き取ることができなくなり運搬作業性、取扱性に劣り、また150mm超えると風合いは柔らかくなるが、保護層としての強度などが不足する。
【0014】
さらに本発明における土木用不織シートは、産業廃棄物処分場などの屋外に施工して使用されるため、耐候性に優れていることが好ましい。耐候性は、通常、促進試験機(カーボンフエード照射機械)で500時間照射させ、照射前後の引張強度保持率で評価される。本発明において、引張強度保持率は60%以上であるのが好ましく、より好ましくは70%以上、特に好ましくは80%以上である。引張強度保持率が60%未満では屋外に施工して放置した際に強度が劣化し易く、経時的な耐久性が不足し、保護層としての強度が得られない場合がある。
【0015】
また土木用不織シートの引張強度は500N/5cm以上が好ましく、600〜5000N/5cmがより好ましい。さらに該引張強度の縦/横の比は0.8〜2.0であるのが好ましい。縦/横の比が2.0を超えると一方向の強度が弱くなり、貫通抵抗、破裂強度等の強度が低くなり、作業現場で破れが生じ易くなる。
また土木用不織シートの通気性は1〜100cc/cm2 /secであるのが好ましく、より好ましくは5〜70cc/cm2 /sec、特に好ましくは10〜50cc/cm2 /secである。通気性が1cc/cm2 /sec未満では、防水性は良くなるが、雨水等を吸水した不織布中の水分の気散が悪くなる。一方、100cc/cm2 /secを超えると、シートの防水性が低下し、不織布中に雨水等が吸収され易くなる。
【0016】
本発明の土木用不織シートは、低コストで得ることができ、またロール状に巻くことができるため敷設作業性、取扱性に優れ、さらに屋外耐久性、強度、耐圧縮性および外観品位に優れるため、廃棄物処理場などに敷設される遮水シートの保護層として好適に使用される。さらに、公園、山の法面、鉄塔の下などの人による雑草作業が難しい場所に敷設して雑草の成長を防止する防草シートや、海岸、湖岸、河岸などの防波堤や岸壁に敷設して埋め立て土砂の吸い出しを防止する防砂シートとしても使用することもできる。
【0017】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例により具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。なお、例中の特性は下記の方法にて測定した。
(1)目付:JIS−L−1906に準じ、縦20cm×横25cmの試験片を取り、その重量を測定し、単位面積あたりの質量に換算し、平均して求める。
(2)平均繊維径:500倍の拡大写真をとり、10本の平均で求める。
(3)厚み:JIS−L−1906に準じ、2kPa荷重の厚みを測定する。
(4)平均みかけ密度:目付を10kPa荷重の厚みで除して容積あたりの重量で求める。
(5)樹脂塗布率:樹脂塗布前のシートの目付(W0 )および樹脂塗布後のシートの目付(W1 )を測定し、下記式より求める。
樹脂塗布率(%)=〔(W1 −W0 )/W0 )×100
(6)貫通抵抗:ASTMD−4833に準じて測定する。
(7)厚み変化率:2kPa荷重時の厚み 1 、100kPa荷重時の厚みT2 を測定し、下記式により求める。
厚み変化率(%)={(T 1 −T 2 )/T 1 ×100
【0018】
(8)柔軟性:試料幅20mm×長さ400mmを切りとり、水平台上に載置し、試料を長さ方向に水平台上を250mmスライドさせたとき、該試料先端部から水平台の延長線までの鉛直距離を測定する。
(9)引張強度保持率(耐候性):試料にカーボンフエード照射を500時間行い、照射前後の引張強度を測定し、下記式で求める。
強度保持率(%)=(処理後強度/処理前強度)×100
(10)引張強度:島津製作所社製オートグラフAGS−5G型を用い、幅5cm×長さ30cmの試験片をとり、つかみ間隔20cm、引張速度10cm/minで測定し、切断時の強度を求める。
(11)通気性:JIS−L−1906に準じ、フラジュール試験機を用いて測定する。
(12)破裂強度:JIS−L−1906、ミューレン形法に準じて測定する。
【0019】
実施例1〜4、比較例1〜3
公知のスパンボンド方法で、固有粘度0.75のポリエチレンテレフタレートを溶融紡糸装置で紡出し、表1に示す目付および平均繊維径を有するポリエステル長繊維ウエブを得た。得られた各ウエブを、一対のエンボスロールと平滑ロールの間を通過させて温度180℃で加熱、加圧して部分熱圧着率25%で仮接合し、その後、ニードルパンチ加工で三次元交絡させた。次いでニードル針36番レギラータイプ(オルガン社製)を用い、上下からパンチ密度150回/cm2 でニードルパンチを行い、表1に示す厚み、平均みかけ密度を有するニードルパンチ交絡処理された不織布を得た。
次に水系アクリル樹脂エマルジョン(大日本インキ化学工業社製:ボンコートAN−205)に水系緑系顔料を0.5重量%添加し、さらにカルボキシセルロースを添加して増粘させ、粘度を80Pas(8万cps)に調整し、ナイフコーテング方式でこの樹脂液を表1に示す樹脂塗布率で上記各不織布の片面に塗布し、次いで温度140〜180℃のピンテンターで熱処理して土木用不織シートを得た。
【0020】
得られた土木用不織シートの特性を表1に示した。
表1から、実施例1〜4で得られた土木用不織シートは、強度、柔軟性、耐久性、通気性など優れた物性を有し、該シートはロール状に巻くことができ、施工性、取扱性に優れたものであった。また該シートを幅方向にその端部を熱風温度500℃で接合させた。該接合部の引張強度は350N/5cmであり、現場施工後に施工面を人が歩いても問題のないことがわかった。
一方、比較例1で得られた土木用不織シートは、樹脂が塗布されていないため、柔軟性は良好であるが、貫通抵抗、強度、耐久性などに劣るものであった。また比較例2では不織布の目付が大きく、ニードルバンチ加工性が悪く、また重量が大きく、柔軟性に劣り、ロール状に巻くことができず、作業性、取扱性などに劣ることがわかった。
【0021】
【表1】

Figure 0004256111
【0022】
実施例5
平均繊維径が16μm、平均みかけ密度が0.25g/cm3 および目付が200g/m2 の緻密構成の不織布と、平均繊維径が30μm、平均みかけ密度が0.17g/cm3 および目付が300g/m2 の祖な不織布を積層し、ニードルパンチ加工で三次元交絡させた。次いでニードル針36番レギラータイプ(オルガン社製)、上下からパンチ密度120回/cm2 でニードルパンチ処理を行った。
さらに緻密な不織布表面に樹脂を塗布させた。該樹脂の塗布は、水系アクリル樹脂エマルジョンに黒茶系顔料を練り込んで着色させ、増粘剤などで粘度を調整し、樹脂の塗布量が25重量%るように条件設定してコーテング加工し、熱処理を温度180℃のピンテンターで行って本発明の土木用不織シートを得た。この土木用不織シートの樹脂塗布面は平坦で、凹凸が少なく、均等に表面が着色されていた。また該土木用不織シートの特性を表1に示したが、貫通抵抗、柔軟性、耐久性などの特性に優れ、遮水シートの保護層として好適であることがわかった。
【0023】
【発明の効果】
請求項1〜3記載の土木用不織シートは、特定のポリエステル長繊維不織布の表面に樹脂が塗布され、樹脂により不織布表面の繊維が一体化され、さらに特定の貫通抵抗、厚み変化率および柔軟性を有し、強度、屋外耐久性、耐圧縮性および外観品位に優れ、雨水の浸透を少なくでき、さらにガラスの破片、金属断面などの鋭利な突起物などにより傷や穴があくのを防止できるため、廃棄物処理場に敷設される遮水シートの保護層として、または防草シートや防砂シートとして好適に用いることができる。また本発明の土木用織布シートは、低コストで製造することができ、さらにロール状に巻き取って取扱ことができるため、施工時の取扱性、作業性を向上させることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a non-woven sheet for civil engineering, and more particularly to a non-woven sheet for civil engineering that is particularly suitable for a protective layer of a water shielding sheet installed in a waste disposal site or the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, there is a method in which municipal waste or incinerated waste is buried in the ground and finally disposed. In these landfill treatments, from the viewpoint of preventing environmental pollution, a waterproof layer is laid on the surface of a huge storage hole dug in the ground to prevent wastewater and harmful substances from the waste from entering the ground. Has been. The waterproof layer is usually a rubber sheet, a resin sheet or the like, and a protective material or a cushion material made of a nonwoven fabric or a foamed resin for protecting the lower layer and the upper layer of the prevention layer is laid. Has been.
For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-197658 proposes a water-impervious sheet for civil engineering in which a superabsorbent resin is dispersed and arranged between nonwoven fabrics. This water shielding sheet is laid under the prevention layer, and when the prevention layer is scratched and water leaks from the wound, the water absorbent resin swells with the water, and the water leaked with the swelling pressure Prevents from seeping into the basement. However, various measures are required to prevent leakage of superabsorbent resin powder during construction, etc., making the manufacturing process complicated and preventing the superabsorbent resin from swelling due to moisture from the ground. In order to do this, there is a problem in terms of cost and workability, such as the necessity of laying a water-impermeable sheet in the lower layer.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and to produce a waterproof layer that can be manufactured at low cost, has excellent laying workability, and has excellent outdoor durability, strength, compression resistance, and appearance quality. It is providing the nonwoven sheet for civil engineering which can be used especially suitably for a protective layer.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention claimed in the present application in order to achieve the above object is as follows.
(1) A resin in which a pigment is kneaded on at least one side of a polyester punched fiber nonwoven fabric having an average fiber diameter of 10 to 50 μm, a thickness of 2 mm or more, and a basis weight of 200 to 1000 g / m 2. A sheet coated with ˜50% by weight, wherein the polyester long fiber nonwoven fabric has a two-layer structure, and the layer on which the resin is coated has an average fiber diameter of 10 to 30 μm and an average apparent density of 0.2 to 0 .4 g / cm 3 and basis weight 100 to 500 g / m 2 And a subsequent layer having an average fiber diameter of 20 to 50 μm, an average apparent density of 0.05 to 0.25 g / cm 3, and a basis weight of 100 to 700 g / m 2. A non-woven sheet for civil engineering, characterized in that the sheet has a penetration resistance of 300 N or more, a thickness change rate of 60% or less, and a flexibility of 20 to 150 mm.
( 2 ) The nonwoven sheet for civil engineering as set forth in ( 1 ), wherein the tensile strength retention after 500 hours of carbon fade irradiation is 60% or more.
( 3) The nonwoven sheet for civil engineering according to (1) or (2), wherein the sheet is a water shielding sheet for a waste disposal site.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the nonwoven fabric for civil engineering of the present invention, a polyester punched fiber nonwoven fabric subjected to needle punching having an average fiber diameter of 10 to 50 μm, a thickness of 2 mm or more and a basis weight of 200 to 1000 g / m 2 is used.
Polyester fibers made of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, copolymerized polyester thereof, or the like are used for the polyester long-fiber nonwoven fabric, and the average fiber diameter is 10 to 50 μm, preferably 15 to 30 μm. If the average fiber diameter is less than 10 μm, the fiber filaments are too thin and the strength is insufficient, it becomes easy to cut by mechanical entanglement described later, and the fiber density is increased. On the other hand, when the thickness exceeds 40 μm, the fiber filament is thick and difficult to be mechanically entangled, the fiber density is lowered, and the strength is lowered.
[0006]
The thickness of the polyester long fiber nonwoven fabric is 2 mm or more, preferably 3 to 10 mm. If the thickness of the nonwoven fabric is less than 2 mm, the strength of the nonwoven fabric is insufficient, the waterproof layer cannot be cut by sharp protrusions, or the waterproof layer cannot be perforated, and cannot serve as a protective layer.
Furthermore basis weight of polyester long fiber nonwoven fabric 200 to 1000 g / m 2, preferably the 250~900g / m 2, more preferably from 300 to 800 g / m 2. If the basis weight is less than 200 g / m 2 , the amount of fibers is insufficient and the strength as a protective layer cannot be obtained. If the basis weight exceeds 1000 g / m 2 , the confounding property of needle punching is insufficient, resulting in heavy and bulky. , Handling and productivity are reduced.
[0007]
The polyester long fiber nonwoven fabric is obtained by forming a continuous filament web by melt spinning using a known spunbond method, then partially thermocompression bonding with a pair of embossing rolls and a smooth roll, and entangled by needle punching. This needle punching process is necessary to obtain a high cushioning property that absorbs impact and high load by three-dimensionally interlacing the fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric. The web need only be joined to the extent that it can be handled by partial thermocompression bonding, and this joining is preferably released by needle punching. If the joining is sufficiently performed, the fiber is cut by needle punching, a hole is formed, and the three-dimensional entanglement of the fibers cannot be sufficiently performed. Therefore, the long fiber web is partially press-bonded with a hot roll heated to a temperature lower by about 30 to 100 ° C. than its fiber melting point, and then unbonded by needle punching, and the constituent fibers are formed by the needle needle. It is preferable to sufficiently entangle three dimensions. Needle punching, for example, using a 30-40 No. needle needle punch density 60 to 300 times / cm 2, preferably can be carried out from above one or both sides with 80 to 250 times / cm 2.
[0008]
The polyester long fiber nonwoven fabric used in the present invention preferably has a two-layer structure consisting of a dense layer and a coarser layer. The dense layer in this case has an average fiber diameter of 10 to 30 μm, preferably 15 to 25 μm, an average apparent density of 0.2 to 0.4 g / cm 3 , preferably 0.25 to 0.4 g / cm 3 and It is preferable that the basis weight is 100 to 500 g / m 2 , preferably 150 to 400 g / m 2 . By applying a resin, which will be described later, to the surface of the dense layer, it is possible to obtain a non-woven sheet for civil engineering having a flat structure with few irregularities and excellent in appearance quality. The coarse layer following the dense layer has an average fiber diameter of 20 to 50 μm, preferably 25 to 45 μm, and an average apparent density of 0.05 to 0.25 g / cm 3 , preferably 0.07 to 0.2 g / cm. 3 and a basis weight are 100 to 700 g / m 2 , preferably 150 to 600 g / m 2 . This rough layer has a cushioning action to absorb impact and the like.
[0009]
The nonwoven sheet for civil engineering of the present invention is obtained by applying 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 10 to 30% by weight, of a resin kneaded with a pigment on at least one side of the polyester long fiber nonwoven fabric. If the amount of resin applied is less than 5% by weight, the durability and strength of the target sheet cannot be obtained. If it exceeds 50% by weight, properties such as durability and strength can be obtained. Insufficiency, it becomes impossible to wind up into a roll shape, transportability is reduced, weight is increased, construction workability is lowered, and cost is increased.
Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the kind of resin, For example, acrylic resin, polyester-type resin, epoxy-type resin, water-system emulsion resin, such as a urethane-type resin, solvent-type resin etc. can be used.
[0010]
The pigment kneaded into the resin is not particularly limited, and known pigments such as black, green, and blue are used. Pigments such as green and brown colors that are friendly to the natural environment are preferable. Furthermore, durability, strength retention, and appearance quality can be improved by mixing titanium oxide, a light-resistant agent, an ultraviolet absorber, an antioxidant, a crosslinking agent, and the like. The amount is appropriately selected while adjusting the viscosity within a range where no problem occurs in the amount of kneading of the pigment and processability, for example, in the range of 0.01 to 5% by weight.
Application of the resin to the polyester long fiber nonwoven fabric is performed, for example, by adding a thickener such as carboxycellulose to the resin to adjust the viscosity to 10,000 to 100,000 cps (mPa · s), followed by comma coating, knife coating, etc. The coating method is performed, and after the coating, heat drying, cross-linking treatment or the like is performed with a clip tenter or pin tenter. The coating amount is adjusted by adjusting the gap of the coating machine, adjusting the viscosity of the resin, and the like.
[0011]
By applying the resin to at least the surface of the polyester long fiber nonwoven fabric, the fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric surface are integrated with the resin, and the rigidity and strength are enhanced. The greater the amount of resin applied to the nonwoven fabric, the better the protection performance of the nonwoven fabric surface, but it becomes like a resin plate, the sheet cannot be wound into a roll, the weight increases, and work during transportation and construction And handling are reduced. For this reason, the thickness of the resin layer is preferably about 10 to 50% with respect to the thickness of the entire sheet.
[0012]
Furthermore, the nonwoven sheet for civil engineering in the present invention has a penetration resistance of 300 N or more, preferably 350 N or more, more preferably 400 N or more, a thickness change rate of 60% or less, preferably 10 to 50%, and has flexibility. It is necessary to be 20 to 150 mm, preferably 30 to 120 mm.
Here, the penetration resistance is a value measured according to ASTM D-4833, and indicates the strength of resistance when pierced with a protrusion or sharp waste. If the penetration resistance is less than 300 N, the nonwoven fabric sheet for civil engineering tends to have scratches or holes when pierced with protrusions or sharp waste, and the strength as a protective layer of the water shielding sheet is insufficient.
[0013]
Further, the rate of change in thickness is expressed by the equation {(T 1 when the thickness at 2 kPa load is T 1 and the thickness at 100 kPa load is T 2. -T 2 ) / T 1 } A value calculated by × 100. If the thickness change rate of the non-woven sheet for civil engineering exceeds 60%, it is easy to thin the sheet in the thickness direction when heavy objects such as soil, sand, stone, and waste are placed on the sheet. The cushioning property as a layer cannot be maintained.
In the present invention, the flexibility is indicated by the vertical distance from the leading end of the sheet to the horizontal platform extension line when a civil engineering nonwoven sheet having a width of 20 mm and a length of 400 mm is slid 250 mm from the horizontal platform, as will be described later. The smaller this value is, the less flexible it is. If the flexibility is less than 20 mm, the texture is hard, and the nonwoven fabric sheet for civil engineering cannot be wound up in a roll shape, resulting in inferior workability and handling, and if it exceeds 150 mm, the texture becomes soft, but the strength as a protective layer And so on.
[0014]
Furthermore, since the non-woven sheet for civil engineering in the present invention is used after being constructed outdoors such as an industrial waste disposal site, it is preferable that it is excellent in weather resistance. The weather resistance is usually evaluated by the tensile strength retention before and after irradiation after irradiation with an accelerated tester (carbon fade irradiation machine) for 500 hours. In the present invention, the tensile strength retention is preferably 60% or more, more preferably 70% or more, and particularly preferably 80% or more. If the tensile strength retention is less than 60%, the strength tends to deteriorate when left outdoors after construction, the durability over time may be insufficient, and the strength as a protective layer may not be obtained.
[0015]
Moreover, the tensile strength of the nonwoven sheet for civil engineering is preferably 500 N / 5 cm or more, more preferably 600 to 5000 N / 5 cm. Further, the longitudinal / lateral ratio of the tensile strength is preferably 0.8 to 2.0. When the ratio of length / width exceeds 2.0, the strength in one direction becomes weak, the strength such as penetration resistance and burst strength becomes low, and tearing is likely to occur at the work site.
The breathable civil engineering nonwoven sheet is preferably from 1~100cc / cm 2 / sec, more preferably 5~70cc / cm 2 / sec, particularly preferably 10~50cc / cm 2 / sec. When the air permeability is less than 1 cc / cm 2 / sec, the waterproof property is improved, but the moisture diffusing in the nonwoven fabric that has absorbed rainwater or the like is deteriorated. On the other hand, when it exceeds 100 cc / cm 2 / sec, the waterproofness of the sheet is lowered, and rainwater and the like are easily absorbed into the nonwoven fabric.
[0016]
The non-woven sheet for civil engineering of the present invention can be obtained at a low cost and can be wound in a roll shape, so that it is excellent in laying workability and handling property, and further in outdoor durability, strength, compression resistance and appearance quality. Since it is excellent, it is suitably used as a protective layer for a water shielding sheet laid in a waste disposal site or the like. In addition, we lay it in places where it is difficult for people to weed, such as in parks, mountain slopes, and under steel towers, and on shores, lakes, riverbanks, and other breakwaters and quays. It can also be used as a sandproof sheet to prevent the dumping of landfill.
[0017]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The characteristics in the examples were measured by the following methods.
(1) Weight per unit: According to JIS-L-1906, a test piece measuring 20 cm in length and 25 cm in width is taken, its weight is measured, converted into mass per unit area, and obtained by averaging.
(2) Average fiber diameter: Take an enlarged photograph of 500 times and obtain an average of 10 fibers.
(3) Thickness: According to JIS-L-1906, the thickness of a 2 kPa load is measured.
(4) Average apparent density: The weight per unit volume is obtained by dividing the basis weight by the thickness of 10 kPa load.
(5) Resin application rate: The basis weight (W 0 ) of the sheet before resin application and the basis weight (W 1 ) of the sheet after resin application are measured and determined from the following formula.
Resin application rate (%) = [(W 1 −W 0 ) / W 0 ) × 100
(6) Penetration resistance: measured according to ASTM D-4833.
(7) Thickness change rate: Thickness T 1 at a load of 2 kPa, thickness T 2 at a load of 100 kPa are measured, and determined by the following formula.
Thickness change rate (%) = {(T 1 -T 2) / T 1 } × 100
[0018]
(8) Flexibility: When the sample width 20 mm × length 400 mm is cut and placed on a horizontal table, and the sample is slid 250 mm on the horizontal table in the length direction, the extension line of the horizontal table from the tip of the sample Measure the vertical distance to.
(9) Tensile strength retention rate (weather resistance): The sample was irradiated with carbon fade for 500 hours, the tensile strength before and after irradiation was measured, and the following formula was obtained.
Strength retention (%) = (strength after treatment / strength before treatment) × 100
(10) Tensile strength: Using an autograph AGS-5G manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, take a test piece with a width of 5 cm and a length of 30 cm and measure it with a grip interval of 20 cm and a tensile speed of 10 cm / min to obtain the strength at the time of cutting. .
(11) Breathability: Measured according to JIS-L-1906 using a fragile tester.
(12) Burst strength: Measured according to JIS-L-1906, Murren method.
[0019]
Examples 1-4, Comparative Examples 1-3
Polyethylene terephthalate having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.75 was spun with a melt spinning apparatus by a known spunbonding method to obtain a polyester long fiber web having a basis weight and an average fiber diameter shown in Table 1. Each obtained web is passed between a pair of embossing rolls and smooth rolls, heated and pressurized at a temperature of 180 ° C., temporarily joined at a partial thermocompression ratio of 25%, and then three-dimensionally entangled by needle punching. It was. Next, needle punching is performed from the top and bottom at a punch density of 150 times / cm 2 using a needle needle No. 36 regular type (manufactured by Organ), and a needle punch entangled nonwoven fabric having the thickness and average apparent density shown in Table 1 is obtained. It was.
Next, 0.5% by weight of an aqueous green pigment is added to an aqueous acrylic resin emulsion (Dai Nippon Ink Chemical Co., Ltd .: Boncoat AN-205), and carboxycellulose is further added to increase the viscosity. The non-woven sheet for civil engineering is prepared by applying this resin solution to one side of each non-woven fabric by the knife coating method at the resin application rate shown in Table 1, and then heat-treating with a pin tenter at a temperature of 140 to 180 ° C. Obtained.
[0020]
The properties of the obtained non-woven sheet for civil engineering are shown in Table 1.
From Table 1, the non-woven sheet for civil engineering obtained in Examples 1 to 4 has excellent physical properties such as strength, flexibility, durability, and air permeability, and the sheet can be wound into a roll. Excellent in handling and handling. Further, the sheet was bonded in the width direction at an end portion at a hot air temperature of 500 ° C. The joint had a tensile strength of 350 N / 5 cm, and it was found that there was no problem even if a person walked on the construction surface after the site construction.
On the other hand, the non-woven sheet for civil engineering obtained in Comparative Example 1 has good flexibility but is inferior in penetration resistance, strength, durability and the like because no resin is applied. In Comparative Example 2, it was found that the nonwoven fabric has a large basis weight, the needle bunch processability is poor, the weight is large, the flexibility is inferior, the roll cannot be wound, and the workability and the handleability are inferior.
[0021]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004256111
[0022]
Example 5
A densely structured nonwoven fabric having an average fiber diameter of 16 μm, an average apparent density of 0.25 g / cm 3 and a basis weight of 200 g / m 2 , an average fiber diameter of 30 μm, an average apparent density of 0.17 g / cm 3 and a basis weight of 300 g A non-woven fabric of / m 2 was laminated and tangled three-dimensionally by needle punching. Next, needle punching was performed from the top and bottom at a punch density of 120 times / cm 2 using a needle needle No. 36 Regular type (manufactured by Organ).
Further, a resin was applied to the surface of the dense nonwoven fabric. The resin is coated by coating a black acrylic pigment into a water-based acrylic resin emulsion, coloring it, adjusting the viscosity with a thickener, etc., and setting the conditions so that the amount of resin applied is 25% by weight. The non-woven sheet for civil engineering of the present invention was obtained by performing heat treatment with a pin tenter having a temperature of 180 ° C. The resin-coated surface of this civil engineering nonwoven sheet was flat, had little unevenness, and was evenly colored. Moreover, although the characteristic of this nonwoven fabric sheet for civil engineering was shown in Table 1, it turned out that it is excellent in characteristics, such as penetration resistance, a softness | flexibility, and durability, and is suitable as a protective layer of a water shielding sheet.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
The nonwoven sheet for civil engineering according to claims 1 to 3, wherein a resin is applied to the surface of a specific polyester long fiber nonwoven fabric, the fibers on the nonwoven fabric surface are integrated by the resin, and further, a specific penetration resistance, thickness change rate and flexibility It has excellent strength, outdoor durability, compression resistance and appearance quality, can reduce the penetration of rainwater, and prevents scratches and holes from being caused by sharp protrusions such as broken glass and metal cross sections. Therefore, it can be suitably used as a protective layer for a water shielding sheet laid in a waste disposal site, or as a grassproof sheet or a sandproof sheet. Moreover, since the woven fabric sheet for civil engineering of this invention can be manufactured at low cost and can be wound up and handled in roll shape, the handleability at the time of construction and workability | operativity can be improved.

Claims (3)

平均繊維径が10〜50μm、厚さが2mm以上および目付が200〜1000g/m2 であるニードルパンチ処理されたポリエステル長繊維不織布の少なくとも片面に、顔料が練り込まれた樹脂を5〜50重量%塗布したシートであって、該ポリエステル長繊維不織布が2層構造を有し、前記樹脂の塗布される側の層が、平均繊維径10〜30μm、平均みかけ密度0.2〜0.4g/cm 3 および目付100〜500g/m 2 である緻密構造を有し、それに続く層が、平均繊維径20〜50μm、平均みかけ密度0.05〜0.25g/cm 3 および目付100〜700g/m 2 である粗構造を有し、該シートの貫通抵抗が300N以上、厚み変化率が60%以下および柔軟性が20〜150mmであることを特徴とする土木用不織シート。5 to 50 weight percent of resin in which a pigment is kneaded on at least one side of a needle-punched polyester long-fiber nonwoven fabric having an average fiber diameter of 10 to 50 μm, a thickness of 2 mm or more, and a basis weight of 200 to 1000 g / m 2 %, The polyester long fiber nonwoven fabric has a two-layer structure, and the layer on which the resin is applied has an average fiber diameter of 10 to 30 μm and an average apparent density of 0.2 to 0.4 g / cm 3 and basis weight 100 to 500 g / m 2 And the subsequent layer has an average fiber diameter of 20 to 50 μm, an average apparent density of 0.05 to 0.25 g / cm 3 and a basis weight of 100 to 700 g / m 2. A non-woven sheet for civil engineering, characterized in that the sheet has a penetration resistance of 300 N or more, a thickness change rate of 60% or less, and a flexibility of 20 to 150 mm. カーボンフエード照射500時間後の引張強度保持率が60%以上であることを特徴とする請求項に記載の土木用不織シート。The non-woven sheet for civil engineering according to claim 1 , wherein a tensile strength retention after 500 hours of irradiation with carbon fade is 60% or more. 前記シートが廃棄物処分場の遮水シートであることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の土木用不織シート。The nonwoven sheet for civil engineering according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sheet is a water shielding sheet for a waste disposal site.
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