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JP4256576B2 - Semiconductor single crystal manufacturing equipment - Google Patents
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JP4256576B2 - Semiconductor single crystal manufacturing equipment - Google Patents

Semiconductor single crystal manufacturing equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4256576B2
JP4256576B2 JP2000262406A JP2000262406A JP4256576B2 JP 4256576 B2 JP4256576 B2 JP 4256576B2 JP 2000262406 A JP2000262406 A JP 2000262406A JP 2000262406 A JP2000262406 A JP 2000262406A JP 4256576 B2 JP4256576 B2 JP 4256576B2
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Prior art keywords
melt
raw material
graphite
furnace
single crystal
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JP2002068886A (en
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友彦 太田
淳 岩崎
志信 竹安
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Shin Etsu Handotai Co Ltd
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Shin Etsu Handotai Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明が属する技術分野】
本発明は、半導体単結晶を製造するための半導体単結晶の製造装置に関し、より詳しくは単結晶製造装置炉内のルツボに収容された原料融液に結晶を浸漬し引上げることによって種結晶の下方に単結晶を成長するチョクラルスキー法(Czochralski Method、以下CZ法と称す。)を用いた半導体単結晶の製造装置を構成する黒鉛部品に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より半導体単結晶の製造方法の一つとして、半導体製造装置のルツボ内で半導体単結晶原料を融解し、種結晶を該融液面に接融させて半導体単結晶を育成するCZ法が広く知られている。CZ法を用いた半導体単結晶の育成技術は、シリコンやGaAs等の半導体単結晶を得るために幅広く利用されているものであるが、以下ではシリコン半導体単結晶の育成をその一例として本発明の従来例を説明する。
【0003】
CZ法によりシリコン単結晶を育成する方法は、原料となる多結晶シリコンを製造装置炉内に備えられた外側が黒鉛製で内側が石英製で構成されたルツボに充填し、製造装置炉内をアルゴン(以下、Arとも称す。)等の不活性ガスで満たした後に、ルツボの外側周囲に配設された加熱ヒータにより1400℃以上の高温に加熱して原料を融解する。そして、この加熱溶融されたシリコン融液に上方から種結晶を降ろしシリコン融液面に先端を接融させ、種結晶とシリコン融液の温度が安定したら種結晶を静かに回転させながら上方に引上げることによって、種結晶の下方にシリコンの半導体単結晶を形成するものである。
【0004】
このような半導体単結晶の育成において、単結晶の成長を行っている間は、その原料である溶融液を半導体単結晶の育成が可能な高温の状態にルツボ内で保持し続ける必要がある。この間、地震やその他の不慮の事故によりルツボ内から高温の融液が製造装置炉内に漏れ出した場合には大きな災害を誘発する可能性も十分考えられるため、万が一、ルツボから高温の融液が製造装置炉内に流出したとしても速やかにルツボ内の融液流出を検出し、ルツボから流出した原料融液も製造装置の外で漏れ出さないような対策が施されている。
【0005】
例えば、特開平11−180794号公報には、ルツボから原料融液が流出した際にルツボ内での異常な融液面の低下を速やかに検出し、ルツボ内から融液が漏れていることを作業者に知らせる装置が開示されている。そして、ルツボから流出した原料融液に関し特開平2−225393号公報には、製造装置炉壁の保護や炉内の保温等のために配置された黒鉛部材や断熱材の構成や形状を工夫することにより、ルツボから流出した原料融液を製造装置炉内に保持し製造装置の外側に漏れ出したり、あるいは金属でできた製造装置炉壁を冷却するために炉壁を二重構造とし炉壁間に冷却水を還流する等した単結晶製造装置の炉壁を高温の原料融液が侵食するのを防止して、水蒸気爆発等による事故を未然に防ぐための機能を備えた単結晶製造装置が示されてしいる。
【0006】
これらの対策を取ることによって、ルツボから流出した原料融液が製造装置炉外へ漏れて作業者を危険にさらしたり、火災の発生や製造装置を損傷させる等して単結晶の生産が不可能となる事態を回避している。中でも炉内の高温雰囲気から金属製の製造装置炉壁を守るために炉壁に冷却水を還流した単結晶製造装置では、わずかでも高温の融液により炉壁が侵食されると水蒸気爆発等の大きな災害を引き起こす可能性もあり、ルツボから漏れた高温の原料融液は上記のような装置や方法により製造装置炉内に配置された黒鉛部材等で確実に受け止めることが肝要である。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、単結晶製造装置の炉内部を構成する黒鉛製のルツボや加熱ヒータあるいは高温の輻射熱から炉壁を保護している黒鉛部材の形状や構造を適切なものとし、原料融液がルツボから漏れた場合でもそれを速やかに察知して単結晶製造装置を停止したとしても、製造装置炉内の温度が低下して安全な温度に達すまでには3〜5時間にもおよぶ放冷時間が必要であり、その間、漏れた原料融液を製造装置炉外へ流出させたり炉壁に触れさせることなく、確実に製造装置炉内の黒鉛製の部材や断熱材により保持して置かなければならない。
【0008】
特に最近のシリコン半導体単結晶の製造においては、大直径の半導体単結晶を育成するために100kg以上もの大容量のシリコン融液が収容可能な大型の単結晶製造装置の導入も進み、このような大型の単結晶製造装置では装置そのものの熱容量も大きく、加熱ヒータへの電力供給を停止して装置内部の温度が下がり安全に開放できるようになるまでには更に長い時間放冷を行う必要がある。当然のことながら、このような状況下でルツボから原料融液が流出した場合であっても、製造装置炉内温度が安全な温度に到達するまでは炉内部を構成する黒鉛部材や黒鉛製断熱材により流出した融液を外部へ漏らすことなく確実に保持しておく必要があり、漏れた融液を確実に保持する為にはより信頼性の高い材料を選択し流出融液と接する部材を作ることが重要となる。
【0009】
また、半導体単結晶の育成にあたっては、単結晶品質の維持と製造装置炉内を構成する部品の保護のために製造装置炉内を反応性の低いAr等の不活性ガスで満たして操業を行っているが、ヒータにより高温に加熱された原料融液からは侵食作用のあるSiO(シリコンの酸化物)等の物質が常に蒸発しており、これら蒸発物によって製造装置炉内に配置された黒鉛部材や黒鉛製断熱材は侵食を受け、各部材を形成する黒鉛材料の種類によっては強度や保温機能を操業中の侵食により失う可能性がある。ルツボからの流出融液が接する製造装置炉内の黒鉛部材には、原料融液から蒸発した蒸発物に長時間さらされた場合においてもその機能を損なうことなく安定した機能を発揮することも求められる。
【0010】
本発明はこのような問題に鑑みて成されたものであり、CZ法による半導体単結晶製造装置において、不慮の原因により単結晶製造装置炉内部に置かれたルツボから高温の原料融液が流出した場合に、流出原料を炉内に確実に止め製造装置の外へ流出させることなく、更には半導体単結晶製造装置の炉壁も高温の原料融液により浸食されず安全に原料融液を保持する機能を有する製造装置炉内に配置される黒鉛部材を備えた半導体単結晶の製造装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の課題を解決するために、本発明の半導体単結晶製造装置は、製造装置の炉内にルツボに収容された原料融液と原料融液を加熱溶融するための加熱ヒータと製造装置炉壁の保護と炉内の保温等のために配置された黒鉛部材とを有するチョクラルスキー法により単結晶を育成する半導体単結晶の製造装置において、少なくとも原料融液を収容したルツボから溶融原料が流出した際に流出した原料融液と接する可能性のある製造装置炉内に配置された黒鉛部材、及び流出した原料融液を保持し製造装置炉壁に接触するのを防ぐために製造装置炉内に配置された黒鉛部材の材料として、かさ密度が1.70〜1.90g/cm及び灰分が20ppm以下であり、溶融したシリコン融液に10分以上20分以内浸漬しその後のシリコン融液に浸漬した部分の寸法変化率が5%以下である等方性黒鉛材を用いることを特徴とする。
【0012】
このように、ルツボから原料融液が漏れた場合に流出融液と接する位置にある黒鉛部材を、原料融液の侵食を受け難い材料を選択して配置しておくことが望ましく、この条件を満たす黒鉛部材の材料として冷間静水圧成形(Cold Isostatic Press、以下CIPと称する。)を用いて成形製造された、かさ密度が1.70〜1.90g/cm3の特性を持つ等方性黒鉛を使用するのが最も好ましい。
【0013】
かさ密度が1.70g/cm3以下の黒鉛材を用いて原料融液と接する黒鉛部材を作成した場合には、原料融液が黒鉛部材内部に急速に浸透し急激な体積膨張が生ずるため構造体としての機能を保つことが不可能となり、原料融液を炉内に止めることができず製造装置炉壁等の金属部を侵食させたり、装置炉外へと漏れた融液を流出させる可能性がある。また、例えかさ密度が1.70g/cm3以上であったとしても等方性黒鉛以外の押し出し成形(Extruding Press)や型押し成形(Molding Press)等を用いて作られた異方性黒鉛では、単結晶育成時に原料融液から出る蒸発物の侵食を受けやすく耐久性や信頼性の面で問題がある。従って、ルツボから原料融液が漏れた場合に流出原料と接する可能性のある黒鉛部品には、かさ密度が1.70g/cm3以上の等方性黒鉛を使用するのが適している。しかし、この一方でかさ密度の値が必要以上に高い等方性黒鉛材は製造コストもかさみ非常に高価なものとなるので、かさ密度の上限は1.90g/cm3程度に止めておくのが適当である。
【0014】
そして、少なくとも半導体単結晶の炉内に配置された黒鉛部材の中で、ルツボから原料融液が流出したさいに流出融液と接する可能性がある黒鉛ルツボ、ルツボ台、ルツボ支持軸、黒鉛保護電極部、加熱ヒータ、排ガス管及び湯漏れ受け皿を、上記の特性を有するかさ密度が1.70〜1.90g/cm3の等方性黒鉛で作れば、ルツボから原料融液が漏れて製造装置炉内の黒鉛部材に接したとしても、部材に変形やヒビ割れを生じないので、これら黒鉛部材で確実に流出した原料融液を保持することができるものである。
【0015】
また、シリコン半導体の単結晶製造装置においては、かさ密度が1.70〜1.90g/cm3の等方性黒鉛で炉内黒鉛部材を作り配置すれば、単結晶育成時に原料融液から蒸発するSiO(シリコンの酸化物)が徐々に黒鉛部材内部に浸透しSiC化することによって生じるヒビ割れや部材の膨張あるいは強度の低下を抑制することができる。これにより黒鉛部材の耐久性が向上し長時間の使用に耐えることができるようになるとともに、黒鉛部品そのものの信頼性も高まりより確実な融液漏れの対策を講じることが可能となる。
【0016】
少なくとも原料融液を収容したルツボから溶融原料が流出した際に流出した原料融液と接する可能性のある製造装置炉内に配置された黒鉛部材あるいは流出した原料融液を保持し製造装置炉壁に接触するのを防ぐために製造装置炉内に配置された黒鉛部材の材料として、溶融したシリコン融液に10分以上20分以内浸漬しその後のシリコン融液に浸漬した部分の寸法変化率が5%以下である黒鉛材を使用する。
【0017】
単結晶製造装置の炉内に配置されたルツボから漏れた高温の原料融液と接する可能性のある黒鉛部材の材料としては、育成する単結晶と同じ原料融液中に黒鉛材を沈めた時に、その浸漬部分の寸法の変化率が5%以下の黒鉛材料を用いる。
【0018】
原料融液に黒鉛材を一定時間浸漬させた際の寸法変化率が5%以内の黒鉛材を用いて高温の流出融液と接する可能性のある黒鉛部材を作れば、原料融液と接したときに大きな変形やヒビ割れ、膨張、あるいは強度低下等を起こすことなく黒鉛部材としての特性を維持することができる。また、単結晶育成時に発生するSiO等の原料融液からの蒸発物にも侵食され難いので、部材の耐久性が高く機能を損なうことなく長時間にわたる使用にも十分耐えることができ、このような材料を用いた黒鉛部材を使用して単結晶製造装置を作れば、不慮の原因によりルツボから原料融液が漏れた場合でも被害を最小限に抑えることが可能な信頼性の高い製造装置とすることができる。
【0019】
そして、黒鉛材を浸漬する融液がシリコンである場合は、融液にテスト部材を浸漬する時間は10分以上とすべきである。シリコン融液に浸漬する時間が10分以下では、シリコン融液が十分に材料内部に浸透しないので材料の正しい特性を知ることができないし、また、必要以上に長く浸漬しても得られる結果に大きな違いは見られなくたるため、テスト部材を融液に浸漬しておく時間は長くとも20分程度以下に止めておくのが効率的である。
【0020】
そして、少なくとも半導体単結晶の炉内に配置された黒鉛部材の中で、ルツボから原料融液が流出したさいに流出融液と接する可能性がある黒鉛ルツボ、ルツボ台、ルツボ支持軸、黒鉛保護電極部、加熱ヒータ、排ガス管及び湯漏れ受け皿を、上記の特性を有する溶融したシリコン融液に10分以上20分以内浸漬しその後のシリコン融液に浸漬した部分の寸法変化率が5%以下である黒鉛材で作れば、ルツボから原料融液が漏れて製造装置炉内の黒鉛部材に接したとしても、部材に変形やヒビ割れを生じないので、これら黒鉛部材で確実に流出した原料融液を保持することができるものである。
【0021】
また、半導体単結晶の製造装置に用いられる黒鉛部材の純度は、育成結晶品質への不純物の影響を考慮すれば高純度であることが望ましく、流出融液と接する可能性のあるこれら黒鉛部材も「JIS規格 R 7223」で測定した時の灰分が20ppm以下である黒鉛材を用いて構成すればより半導体単結晶製造に適した装置とすることができる。
【0022】
単結晶製造装置用黒鉛材の特性を知るための半導体単結晶製造装置用黒鉛材の評価方法としては、加熱溶融して得た半導体単結晶の原料融液に黒鉛材を浸漬し、原料融液に浸漬した黒鉛材料部分の寸法あるいは体積変化から該黒鉛材の特性を評価することができる。
【0023】
半導体単結晶の製造装置内部を構成する黒鉛部材の特性を評価するにあたり、炉内部材として使用する黒鉛材からテスト試料を切り出して製造装置内で溶融された単結晶の原料融液にテスト試料を浸漬し、テスト試料の浸漬部分の形状や体積が浸漬前後でどのように変化したか寸法あるいは体積を比較すれば、製造装置炉内を構成する部材として適切なものであるか、また、製造装置炉内のどの部分の部材として使用可能であるかを適切に評価することがきる。特に、原料融液と接する可能性のある黒鉛材料の特性を評価する場合には的確に原料付着時の侵食度合いを知ることができるので、より適切に求める特性を有する黒鉛材料を選択することが可能となる。
【0024】
また、これら黒鉛材から切り出したテスト試料を浸漬する融液には、多結晶シリコンあるいはシリコン単結晶を溶融してできた融液を用いてもよい。黒鉛は溶融されたシリコン融液に侵食されやすいので反応が速く進み、黒鉛のテスト試料をシリコン融液に浸漬してその特性を評価すれば、比較的短い時間で評価結果を得ることができる。
【0025】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明の実施の形態を添付図面を参照しながら、CZ法を用いたシリコン単結晶の育成例を挙げて説明するが、本発明はこれらにのみ限定されるものではない。例えば、本発明の半導体単結晶の製造装置やその装置に用いる黒鉛部材の評価方法は、原料融液に磁場を印加しながら半導体単結晶を育成するMCZ法を用いた半導体単結晶の製造装置でも利用することは当然可能であり、更には化合物半導体等の他のCZ法を利用した半導体単結晶の製造装置に用いることも勿論可能である。
【0026】
図1は、本発明の単結晶製造装置の一つの実施の形態を示す概略断面図である。
図1に示す単結晶製造装置10の製造装置炉12は、石英製ルツボ14aに収容された原料融液Mを溶融する加熱ヒータ16等からの高温の輻射熱による温度上昇を抑制し、常時一定温度とするため製造装置炉壁12aを二重構造とし二重の壁の間に冷却媒体を還流して製造装置炉壁12aが高温とならないよう保護されている。本発明の製造装置10では冷却媒体として水を還流し使用している。
【0027】
また、製造装置炉12の内部中央には原料融液Mを収容した石英製ルツボ14aが配置されており、この石英製ルツボ14aは石英製であることから衝撃に弱く、さらには1400℃以上もの高温に加熱された場合には石英製ルツボ自体も軟化することから、それを保護し支えるために外側に黒鉛から作られた黒鉛製ルツボ14bを配している。そして、この黒鉛製ルツボ14bはルツボ台18を介してルツボ支持軸20によって支持されており、ルツボ支持軸20の下端に取付けられたルツボ回転駆動機構21によって回転自在及び上下動自在とされている。
【0028】
ルツボ台18とルツボ支持軸20も黒鉛材で作られており、石英製ルツボ12aを保護するための黒鉛製ルツボ12bも併せて、石英製ルツボ12aから高温の原料融液Mが流出した場合には原料融液Mと接する可能性が一番高いと考えられるため、かさ密度1.70〜1.90g/cm3の等方性黒鉛材を使用している。
【0029】
また、ルツボ台18の下側面外周には石英製ルツボ14aから漏れた原料融液Mがルツボ支持軸20に回り込むのを防止するため、下に向かって凸となる突条18aが設けられている。石英製ルツボ14aから原料融液Mが漏れ出してルツボ台18に達した時に、この突条18aによって漏洩融液がルツボ支持軸20に回り込むのを可能な限り防ぎ、ルツボ支持軸20を伝って炉外へ漏れ出すことを防止している。
【0030】
一方、黒鉛ルツボ14bの直ぐ外側には原料融液Mを加熱溶融するための黒鉛製の加熱ヒータ16が置かれており、この加熱ヒータ16はヒータを加熱する電流を供給する金属製の電極部22によって支えられている。金属製電極部22は、製造装置炉12内の高温雰囲気から保護することと、石英製ルツボ12aからの原料融液Mの流出があった場合に漏洩融液による侵食を受けないように黒鉛保護電極部24を介して加熱ヒータ16と接合され、加熱ヒータ16への電力供給を行っている。
【0031】
なお、金属製電極部22も必要以上に加熱するのを防止するため、製造装置炉壁と同様に冷却水が還流されている。また、黒鉛保護電極部24の周縁部下面にも原料融液Mがルツボ14aから漏洩した場合に電極等を伝って炉外へ漏れることのないよう、下方に向かって凸となる突条24aが廻らされており、この突条24aによって上方から下流してきた原料融液Mを適切に製造装置炉12の下部に設置された湯漏れ受け皿26に誘導することができる。そして、加熱ヒータ16、黒鉛保護電極部24も石英製ルツボ14aから原料融液Mが漏れた場合には融液が着液する可能性が非常に高いため、かさ密度1.70〜1.90g/cm3の等方性黒鉛材を使用している。
【0032】
更に、加熱ヒータ16の外周には黒鉛製の断熱材28を装備し、製造装置炉12内の保温とヒータ16等からの輻射熱が直接炉壁12aにあたらないように保護している。
【0033】
そして、これら製造装置炉12内を構成する炉内部材の下方、製造装置炉12の一番下側には湯漏れ受け皿26が配置され製造装置炉12の壁底12bを保護するとともに、不慮の原因によりルツボ14aから原料融液が流出した場合には、この湯漏れ受け皿26に流出融液Mを集め受け止めることで高温の原料融液Mが金属製の炉壁12aを侵食したり製造装置炉12外へ漏れ出すのを防ぎ、炉内の温度が安全温度まで下がるまでの間、原料融液を保持する役目を担っている。このような理由から、本発明の装置でも湯漏れ受け皿26の材料として、かさ密度1.70〜1.90g/cm3の等方性黒鉛材を用いている。
【0034】
この湯漏れ受け皿26は製造装置炉12の底壁12bを保護する他に、底壁12bに設けられた炉内部材、例えば金属製電極22、黒鉛製電極部24、ルツボ支持軸20及び排ガス管30を保護する必要があり、それら部材と当接する湯漏れ受け皿26の部分はそれらの部分を包囲するように環状の立上り部分26aとなっている。
【0035】
また、半導体単結晶の育成においては製造装置炉12内を不活性ガスで満たして操業を行うため、製造装置10には不活性ガスを炉内に導入するガス導入管28と、そのガスを排気するために製造装置炉12内の下部には湯漏れ受け皿26を貫通するように排ガス管30も設けられている。本発明の装置では、操業時は製造装置炉の上方にあるガス導入管28からArガスを導入し原料融液に向けて下流するようにガスを炉内に流し、製造装置炉下部に設けられた排ガス管30から炉内のガスを外に排出する構造とした。
【0036】
この排ガス管30も原料融液Mが漏れた場合には流出融液と接する可能性があるため上記の炉内黒鉛部材と同様に、かさ密度1.70〜1.90g/cm3の等方性黒鉛材で作るか、排ガス管30が金属である場合は金属部を保護するようにこれらを黒鉛材で保護するのがよい。本発明の単結晶製造装置10では排ガス管30を上記特性の等方性黒鉛材で作り、漏れた原料融液Mが湯漏れ受け皿26まで達した時に排ガス管30の排ガス入口31から流出しないよう排ガス管30を湯漏れ受け皿26の底部から立設させて排ガス入口31を上方に位置させ、更には排ガス管30の上方から落ちてくる原料融液Mを受けるために排ガス管30の上端には上端壁33が形成されている。この上端壁33の周縁部下面には排ガス入口31から漏洩融液が外に漏れることのないように、下方に向って凸となる突条33aが突設されており、上端壁33に落下した融液はこの突条33aを伝わって、湯漏れ受け皿26に集められる。
【0037】
なお、本発明において黒鉛材のかさ密度とは、黒鉛材の単位体積当たりの質量(g/cm3)のことをいう。そして、これら黒鉛部材の材料として寸法変化率が5%以下の黒鉛も使用可能である。
【0038】
上記した本発明の半導体単結晶製造装置を用いて単結晶を育成するには、石英製ルツボ14a内に多結晶シリコン原料を仕込み、炉内を不活性ガスで満たした後に加熱ヒータ16でシリコンの塊である多結晶シリコン原料を溶かし融液とすることで単結晶を育成する原料融液Mを得る。
【0039】
その後、上方から単結晶を引上げるためのワイヤ(不図示)を降ろして、ワイヤ下端に取り付けられた種結晶(不図示)を原料融液Mに浸漬した後、温度が安定したところで静かに引上げワイヤを巻き取ることによって、種結晶の下方に半導体単結晶を育成するものである。
【0040】
また、黒鉛部材の材料となる黒鉛材の原料融液に対する侵食性の評価は、部材となる黒鉛材から1辺Xが20mm四方で長さYが100mmの図2に示す棒状の浸漬テスト試料Tを作製し、種結晶に替えてこの浸漬テスト試料を製造装置炉12内の引上げワイヤー35の先端に取り付け、装置炉12内を単結晶育成時と略同等の条件とした後に、浸漬テスト試料Tの先端が20〜30mm程度原料融液に沈むまで静かに降下させテスト試料Tの浸漬を行った。なお、図2において、図1と同一又は類似部材は同一符号で示されている。
【0041】
テスト試料Tが所定量原料融液に沈んだ後、所定時間そのままの状態でテスト試料Tを保持しその後融液Mから引上げて、原料融液Mに浸漬する前後での同方向の寸法の変化率(Δd)を測定し、原料融液Mに対するテスト試料の耐侵食性の評価を行うものである。
【0042】
なお、寸法変化率(Δd)は下記式(1)によって計算する。
【0043】
【数1】

Figure 0004256576
【0044】
式(1)においてX1はシリコン融液に浸漬前のテスト試料Tの幅及びX2はシリコン融液に浸漬後のテスト試料Tの幅である。
【0045】
【実施例】
(実施例1)
かさ密度が、1.74、1.77、1.85g/cm3の等方性黒鉛材から1辺が20mm四方で長さ100mmの浸漬テスト試料を作製した。
【0046】
これら浸漬テスト試料を図2に示したような製造装置の引上げワイヤー先端に取り付け、製造装置炉内のルツボ上方に配置し、その後製造装置炉内の石英製ルツボに10kgの多結晶シリコンを充填した後にヒータを加熱して溶解し、融液温度が1420℃前後のシリコンの原料融液を得た。
【0047】
融液温度が安定したところで引上げワイヤーを巻き出して浸漬テスト試料を融液面直上まで降ろし30分間加温した後に、シリコン融液にテスト試料先端を長さ方向に20mm浸漬した。シリコン融液内に10分間テスト試料を止め、その後引上げワイヤーを静かに巻き上げてテスト試料を融液から取り出した後に試料温度を常温まで徐々に戻し浸漬部分の寸法の変化測定と目視による外観観察を行い黒鉛材の特性を評価した。
【0048】
この評価では表1と図3に示されるように、1.7g/cmの等方性黒鉛材では寸法変化率が4%以下に止まり、極端な膨張やヒビ割れは観察されず原料融液に浸漬する前と略同じ形状を保っていた。
(比較例1)
同様に、かさ密度が1.65、1.68g/cmの押出し成形による異方性黒鉛材と、かさ密度が1.68g/cmの型押し成形による異方性黒鉛材から実施例1を同様の形状の浸漬テスト試料を作製し、実施例1と同一条件下でシリコン融液への浸漬を行った。
【0049】
結果は表1及び図4に示す通りであり、全ての試料において浸漬部分の寸法変化率は5%を超え、浸漬部分にヒビ割れが生じたものや形状が大きく変化(膨張)したものがほとんであった。
【0050】
【表1】
Figure 0004256576
【0051】
(実施例2)
次に、製造装置炉内に配置する黒鉛部材の中で、原料融液がルツボから漏れた際に原料融液と接する可能性のある、黒鉛製ルツボ、ルツボ台、ルツボ支持軸、加熱ヒータ、黒鉛保護電極部、排ガス管、湯漏れ受け皿をかさ密度が1.74〜1.77g/cm3、灰分が20ppm以下の高純度の等方性黒鉛材で作りシリコン半導体単結晶の製造に使用した。
【0052】
そして、半導体単結晶の育成を行うにあたり口径60cmの石英製ルツボに多結晶シリコン原料を150kg仕込み溶融を開始したところ、約80%の原料が融液となったところで石英製ルツボに亀裂が入り、ルツボから融液が漏れ出していることがわかった。直ちに加熱ヒータの電源を切り、装置冷却のため炉壁還流している冷却水の温度を確認したところ、水温は1.2℃程上昇していたが特に異常は見られなかった。
【0053】
製造装置内部の温度が常温近くまで低下した後に、製造装置を解体して原料融液の流出状況を確認したところ、製造装置の底部に置かれている湯漏れ受け皿にはおよそ80kg前後のシリコンが凝固していたが、流出した原料が更に湯漏れ受け皿から漏れた形跡はなく炉壁は完全に保護されていた。また、ルツボからの流出原料が接したと思われる、黒鉛製ルツボ、ルツボ台、湯漏れ受け皿を観察したところ原料融液によって侵食を受けた様子は観察されず予定した通りの機能を発揮できていることがわかった。
【0054】
なお、本発明は上記した実施の形態に限定されるものではない。上記した実施の形態は単なる例示であり、本発明の特許請求の範囲に記載された技術的思想と実質的に同一な構成を有し、同様の効果を奏するものであればいかなるものであっても、本発明の技術的範囲に包含されることは無論である。
【0055】
例えば、本発明の半導体単結晶の製造装置を原料融液に磁場を印加しないで単結晶を育成するCZ法を例に挙げて説明したが、原料融液に磁場を印加しながら半導体単結晶を育成するMCZ法を用いた半導体単結晶の製造装置においても同様の効果が得られることは言うまでもない。そして、本発明の半導体単結晶製造装置や半導体単結晶製造装置に用いられる黒鉛部材の特性を評価する方法も、シリコン以外の半導体単結晶の製造装置やその装置を構成する黒鉛部材の特性を評価するのに利用可能なことは当然であり、CZ法を用いた例えばGaAs結晶等の化合物半導体の育成に適用した場合でもその効果を十分に発揮することができる。
【0056】
【発明の効果】
以上に述べたごとく、CZ法による半導体単結晶の製造装置を本発明の装置の構造とすれば、製造装置炉内を構成する黒鉛部材に侵食性のある原料融液が接したとしても黒鉛部材に大きな変形やヒビ割れを生じることが無いので、例え不慮の原因により装置炉内に配置されたルツボから高温の原料融液が漏れたとしても、漏れた原料融液を炉内に配置された湯漏れ受け皿等の流出融液を保持するための黒鉛部材へ正確に導くことができるとともに、ルツボ内からの原料融液の漏れを確認してから製造装置を停止し炉内の温度が安全な温度に低下するまでの長時間にわたり、これら黒鉛部材により流出融液を確実に炉内に止めておくことが可能となる。
【0057】
これによってルツボから漏れた原料融液が製造装置の外へ流れ出ることが無くなるため、流出した高温の融液により装置を破損することが回避可能となるばかりか、装置近くで働いている作業者を危険にさらすことなく安全にトラブルに対処できるようになる。
【0058】
更には、ルツボから流れ出た侵食性の高い高温の原料融液が、冷却水を還流した金属製の製造装置炉壁やヒータ電極、ルツボ駆動軸等に直接接することも無くなるので、高温の液体が水等の冷却媒体と混じり合うことによって起こる水蒸気爆発等の重大な災害も回避することができる。
【0059】
そして、前述した評価方法を用いて単結晶製造装置炉内の黒鉛部材として使用する黒鉛材料を評価すれば、それぞれの単結晶製造装置に適した黒鉛材料を簡単に、そしてより確実に知ることができるようになり、これら製造装置内に配置する黒鉛部材の信頼性も一層向上するものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明の単結晶製造装置の一つの実施の形態を示す概略断面説明図である。
【図2】 実施例1の浸漬テストに用いられた製造装置の概略断面説明図である。
【図3】 実施例1における浸漬後の浸漬テスト試料の表面状態を示す写真である。
【図4】 比較例1における浸漬後の浸漬テスト試料の表面状態を示す写真である。
【符号の説明】
10:製造装置炉、14a:石英製ルツボ、14b:黒鉛製ルツボ、16:加熱ヒータ、18:ルツボ台、18a:突条、20:ルツボ支持軸、21:ルツボ回転駆動機構、22:金属製電極部、24:黒鉛保護電極部、24a:突条、26:湯漏れ受け皿、26a:立上り部分、28:断熱材、30:排ガス管、31:排ガス入口、33:上端壁、33a:突条、35:引上げワイヤー、M:原料融液、T:浸漬テスト試料。[0001]
[Technical field to which the invention belongs]
  The present invention relates to a semiconductor single crystal manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing a semiconductor single crystal, and more specifically, by immersing and pulling up a crystal in a raw material melt contained in a crucible in a single crystal manufacturing apparatus furnace. The present invention relates to a graphite component constituting a semiconductor single crystal manufacturing apparatus using a Czochralski method (hereinafter referred to as CZ method) for growing a single crystal downward.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as one method for producing a semiconductor single crystal, a CZ method has been widely used in which a semiconductor single crystal raw material is melted in a crucible of a semiconductor production apparatus and a seed crystal is brought into contact with the melt surface to grow the semiconductor single crystal. Are known. A semiconductor single crystal growth technique using the CZ method is widely used for obtaining a semiconductor single crystal such as silicon or GaAs. Hereinafter, the growth of a silicon semiconductor single crystal will be exemplified as an example. A conventional example will be described.
[0003]
In the method of growing a silicon single crystal by the CZ method, polycrystalline silicon as a raw material is filled in a crucible having an outer side made of graphite and an inner side made of quartz. After being filled with an inert gas such as argon (hereinafter also referred to as Ar), the raw material is melted by heating to a high temperature of 1400 ° C. or higher by a heater arranged around the outside of the crucible. Then, the seed crystal is lowered from above into the heated and melted silicon melt, the tip is brought into contact with the silicon melt surface, and when the temperature of the seed crystal and the silicon melt is stabilized, the seed crystal is gently rotated and pulled upward. As a result, a silicon semiconductor single crystal is formed under the seed crystal.
[0004]
In the growth of such a semiconductor single crystal, while the single crystal is being grown, it is necessary to keep the melt as a raw material in the crucible in a high temperature state where the semiconductor single crystal can be grown. During this time, if a high-temperature melt leaks from the crucible into the furnace of the manufacturing equipment due to an earthquake or other unforeseen accident, there is a possibility that a large disaster may be induced. However, even if it flows out into the manufacturing apparatus furnace, measures are taken so that the melt outflow in the crucible is quickly detected and the raw material melt flowing out from the crucible does not leak out of the manufacturing apparatus.
[0005]
For example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-180794, when a raw material melt flows out of a crucible, an abnormal decrease in the melt surface in the crucible is detected quickly, and the melt is leaking from the crucible. An apparatus for notifying an operator is disclosed. And regarding the raw material melt that has flowed out of the crucible, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-225393 discloses a configuration and shape of a graphite member and a heat insulating material arranged for protecting the furnace wall of the manufacturing apparatus and keeping the temperature in the furnace. Therefore, the raw material melt flowing out of the crucible is held in the manufacturing apparatus furnace and leaks to the outside of the manufacturing apparatus, or the furnace wall has a double structure to cool the manufacturing apparatus furnace wall made of metal. Single crystal production equipment with a function to prevent the high temperature raw material melt from eroding the furnace wall of the single crystal production equipment that circulates the cooling water in between and prevents accidents due to steam explosion etc. Is shown.
[0006]
By taking these measures, the raw material melt that flows out of the crucible leaks out of the furnace of the manufacturing equipment and puts the worker in danger, fires and damage to the manufacturing equipment, making it impossible to produce a single crystal. The situation that becomes is avoided. Above all, in a single crystal manufacturing device that recirculates cooling water to the furnace wall to protect the metal manufacturing device furnace wall from the high temperature atmosphere in the furnace, if the furnace wall is eroded by a slightly high temperature melt, steam explosion etc. There is a possibility of causing a major disaster, and it is important that the high-temperature raw material melt leaked from the crucible is reliably received by the graphite member or the like placed in the manufacturing apparatus furnace by the above-described apparatus or method.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the shape and structure of the graphite crucible, the heater, and the graphite member that protects the furnace wall from high-temperature radiant heat that make up the inside of the furnace of the single crystal manufacturing equipment are appropriate, and the raw material melt leaks from the crucible. Even if a single crystal production device is shut down even if it is detected immediately, it takes 3 to 5 hours to cool down until the temperature in the production device furnace falls to a safe temperature. In the meantime, the leaked raw material melt must be securely held by a graphite member or a heat insulating material in the manufacturing apparatus furnace without flowing out of the manufacturing apparatus furnace or touching the furnace wall.
[0008]
Particularly in the recent production of silicon semiconductor single crystals, the introduction of large-sized single crystal production apparatuses capable of accommodating a large-capacity silicon melt of 100 kg or more in order to grow large-diameter semiconductor single crystals has progressed. Large single crystal manufacturing equipment also has a large heat capacity, and it is necessary to cool for a longer time before the power supply to the heater is stopped and the temperature inside the equipment drops and can be safely opened. . Naturally, even when the raw material melt flows out of the crucible under such circumstances, the graphite members and graphite insulation that constitute the furnace interior until the furnace temperature reaches a safe temperature. It is necessary to securely hold the melt that has flowed out of the material without leaking to the outside, and in order to securely hold the leaked melt, select a more reliable material and select a member that contacts the melted melt. It is important to make it.
[0009]
Also, when growing a semiconductor single crystal, operation is performed by filling the inside of the manufacturing equipment furnace with an inert gas such as low-reactivity Ar in order to maintain the quality of the single crystal and protect the components constituting the inside of the manufacturing equipment furnace. However, erosive substances such as SiO (silicon oxide) are constantly evaporating from the raw material melt heated to a high temperature by the heater, and the graphite placed in the furnace of the manufacturing equipment by these evaporates Members and graphite insulation are subject to erosion, and depending on the type of graphite material forming each member, the strength and heat retention function may be lost due to erosion during operation. It is also required that graphite members in the furnace of the manufacturing equipment that come into contact with the melt flowing out of the crucible should exhibit stable functions without losing their functions even when exposed to evaporates evaporated from the raw material melt for a long time. It is done.
[0010]
  The present invention has been made in view of such problems. In a semiconductor single crystal manufacturing apparatus using the CZ method, a high-temperature raw material melt flows out of a crucible placed inside a single crystal manufacturing apparatus furnace due to an unforeseen cause. In this case, the spilled raw material is securely stopped in the furnace and does not flow out of the manufacturing equipment, and the furnace wall of the semiconductor single crystal manufacturing equipment is not eroded by the high-temperature raw material melt and the raw material melt is safely held. An object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor single crystal manufacturing apparatus including a graphite member disposed in a manufacturing apparatus furnace having a function of
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  In order to solve the above-described problems, a semiconductor single crystal manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention includes a raw material melt contained in a crucible in a furnace of the manufacturing apparatus, a heater for heating and melting the raw material melt, and a furnace wall of the manufacturing apparatus. In a semiconductor single crystal manufacturing apparatus for growing a single crystal by the Czochralski method having a graphite member arranged for protection of the furnace and heat insulation in the furnace, at least the molten raw material flows out from the crucible containing the raw material melt A graphite member placed in the furnace of the manufacturing apparatus that may come into contact with the raw material melt that has flowed out whenas well asThe bulk density of 1.70 to 1.90 g / cm as a material of the graphite member disposed in the manufacturing apparatus furnace in order to hold the outflow raw material melt and prevent it from coming into contact with the manufacturing apparatus furnace wall.3And an isotropic graphite material having an ash content of 20 ppm or less and a dimensional change rate of a portion immersed in the molten silicon melt within 10 minutes to 20 minutes and then immersed in the silicon melt is 5% or less. Features.
[0012]
In this way, it is desirable to select and arrange a graphite member that is in contact with the effluent melt when the raw material melt leaks from the crucible, by selecting a material that is less susceptible to erosion of the raw material melt. The bulk density was 1.70 to 1.90 g / cm, which was formed and manufactured using cold isostatic pressing (hereinafter referred to as CIP) as the material of the graphite member to be filled.ThreeIt is most preferable to use isotropic graphite having the following characteristics.
[0013]
Bulk density 1.70 g / cmThreeWhen a graphite member that is in contact with the raw material melt is prepared using the following graphite material, the raw material melt rapidly penetrates into the graphite member and a rapid volume expansion occurs, so that the function as a structure cannot be maintained. As a result, the raw material melt cannot be stopped in the furnace, and metal parts such as the furnace wall of the manufacturing apparatus may be eroded or the leaked melt may flow out of the apparatus furnace. For example, the bulk density is 1.70 g / cm.ThreeEven in the case of anisotropic graphite made using extruding presses or extruding presses other than isotropic graphite (Molding Press), etc., the evaporant from the raw material melt during single crystal growth There is a problem in terms of durability and reliability. Therefore, when the raw material melt leaks from the crucible, the graphite parts that may come into contact with the spilled raw material have a bulk density of 1.70 g / cm.ThreeIt is suitable to use the above isotropic graphite. However, on the other hand, an isotropic graphite material having a bulk density higher than necessary is bulky in production cost and very expensive, so the upper limit of the bulk density is 1.90 g / cm.ThreeIt is appropriate to keep it to a certain extent.
[0014]
The graphite crucible, the crucible base, the crucible support shaft, and the graphite protection that may come into contact with the outflow melt when the raw material melt flows out of the crucible at least in the graphite member disposed in the furnace of the semiconductor single crystal The electrode part, the heater, the exhaust gas pipe, and the hot water receiving tray have a bulk density of 1.70 to 1.90 g / cm having the above characteristics.ThreeIf it is made of isotropic graphite, even if the raw material melt leaks from the crucible and comes into contact with the graphite member in the furnace of the production apparatus, the member will not be deformed or cracked. The melt can be held.
[0015]
Moreover, in the single crystal manufacturing apparatus of a silicon semiconductor, the bulk density is 1.70 to 1.90 g / cm.ThreeIf the graphite member in the furnace is made and arranged with isotropic graphite, SiO (silicon oxide) that evaporates from the raw material melt during single crystal growth gradually penetrates into the graphite member and forms cracks. In addition, expansion of members and reduction in strength can be suppressed. As a result, the durability of the graphite member is improved and it is possible to withstand long-time use, and the reliability of the graphite part itself is increased, so that it is possible to take more reliable measures against melt leakage.
[0016]
  At least a graphite member disposed in a manufacturing apparatus furnace that may come into contact with the raw material melt that flows out when the molten raw material flows out from a crucible containing the raw material melt, or a manufacturing apparatus furnace wall that holds the outflowing raw material melt As a material for the graphite member disposed in the furnace of the manufacturing apparatus in order to prevent contact with the material, the dimensional change rate of the portion immersed in the molten silicon melt within 10 minutes to 20 minutes and then immersed in the silicon melt is 5 % Of graphite material is used.
[0017]
  As a material of the graphite member that may come into contact with the high-temperature raw material melt leaked from the crucible placed in the furnace of the single crystal manufacturing apparatus, when the graphite material is submerged in the same raw material melt as the single crystal to be grown A graphite material having a dimensional change rate of the immersed portion of 5% or less is used.
[0018]
If a graphite member that is in contact with the high temperature effluent melt is made using a graphite material having a dimensional change rate of 5% or less when the graphite material is immersed in the raw material melt for a certain period of time, it is in contact with the raw material melt. Sometimes, the characteristics as a graphite member can be maintained without causing large deformation, cracking, expansion, or strength reduction. In addition, since it is difficult to be eroded by evaporates from the raw material melt such as SiO generated during single crystal growth, the durability of the member is high and it can sufficiently withstand long-term use without impairing the function. If a single crystal manufacturing device is made using graphite members made of various materials, a highly reliable manufacturing device that can minimize damage even if the raw material melt leaks from the crucible due to an unexpected cause. can do.
[0019]
When the melt for immersing the graphite material is silicon, the time for immersing the test member in the melt should be 10 minutes or longer. When the immersion time in the silicon melt is 10 minutes or less, the silicon melt does not sufficiently penetrate into the material, so that the correct characteristics of the material cannot be known, and the result obtained even if the immersion is longer than necessary. Since there is no significant difference, it is efficient to keep the test member immersed in the melt for about 20 minutes or less at the longest.
[0020]
The graphite crucible, the crucible base, the crucible support shaft, and the graphite protection that may come into contact with the outflow melt when the raw material melt flows out of the crucible at least in the graphite member disposed in the furnace of the semiconductor single crystal The dimensional change rate of the electrode part, the heater, the exhaust gas pipe, and the hot-water leak tray is immersed in a molten silicon melt having the above-mentioned characteristics for 10 minutes or more and 20 minutes or less and then immersed in the silicon melt is 5% or less. Therefore, even if the raw material melt leaks from the crucible and comes into contact with the graphite member in the furnace of the manufacturing apparatus, the member will not be deformed or cracked. The liquid can be retained.
[0021]
In addition, the purity of the graphite member used in the semiconductor single crystal manufacturing apparatus is desirably high in consideration of the influence of impurities on the quality of the grown crystal, and these graphite members that may come into contact with the spilled melt are also included. By using a graphite material having an ash content of 20 ppm or less as measured according to “JIS standard R 7223”, an apparatus more suitable for semiconductor single crystal production can be obtained.
[0022]
  Evaluation method of graphite material for semiconductor single crystal manufacturing equipment to know the characteristics of graphite material for single crystal manufacturing equipmentAsIs to immerse a graphite material in a raw material melt of a semiconductor single crystal obtained by heating and melting, and evaluate the characteristics of the graphite material from the size or volume change of the graphite material portion immersed in the raw material meltCan do.
[0023]
When evaluating the characteristics of the graphite members that make up the inside of the semiconductor single crystal manufacturing equipment, the test samples are cut out from the graphite material used as the in-furnace members and the test samples are put into the raw material melt of the single crystal melted in the manufacturing equipment. If the dimensions or volume of the immersed part of the test sample is changed before and after the immersion, it is appropriate as a member constituting the inside of the manufacturing apparatus furnace. It is possible to appropriately evaluate which part of the furnace can be used as a member. In particular, when evaluating the characteristics of a graphite material that may come into contact with the raw material melt, it is possible to accurately know the degree of erosion at the time of adhesion of the raw material, so it is possible to select a graphite material having the characteristics required more appropriately It becomes possible.
[0024]
In addition, a melt obtained by melting polycrystalline silicon or a silicon single crystal may be used as a melt for immersing a test sample cut out from these graphite materials. Since graphite is easily eroded by the melted silicon melt, the reaction proceeds rapidly, and if a graphite test sample is immersed in the silicon melt and its characteristics are evaluated, an evaluation result can be obtained in a relatively short time.
[0025]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, taking examples of growing silicon single crystals using the CZ method, but the present invention is not limited to these. For example, the semiconductor single crystal manufacturing apparatus of the present invention and the method for evaluating a graphite member used in the apparatus may be a semiconductor single crystal manufacturing apparatus using the MCZ method for growing a semiconductor single crystal while applying a magnetic field to a raw material melt. Of course, it can be used, and of course, it can also be used in a semiconductor single crystal manufacturing apparatus using another CZ method such as a compound semiconductor.
[0026]
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a single crystal production apparatus of the present invention.
The production apparatus furnace 12 of the single crystal production apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 1 suppresses a temperature rise due to high-temperature radiant heat from the heater 16 or the like that melts the raw material melt M accommodated in the quartz crucible 14a, and is always at a constant temperature. Therefore, the manufacturing apparatus furnace wall 12a has a double structure, and the cooling medium is refluxed between the double walls to protect the manufacturing apparatus furnace wall 12a from being heated to a high temperature. In the production apparatus 10 of the present invention, water is refluxed and used as a cooling medium.
[0027]
Further, a quartz crucible 14a containing a raw material melt M is disposed in the center of the manufacturing apparatus furnace 12, and the quartz crucible 14a is made of quartz, so that it is not susceptible to impact, and more than 1400 ° C. Since the quartz crucible itself is softened when heated to a high temperature, a graphite crucible 14b made of graphite is provided outside to protect and support it. The graphite crucible 14 b is supported by a crucible support shaft 20 via a crucible base 18, and is rotatable and vertically movable by a crucible rotation drive mechanism 21 attached to the lower end of the crucible support shaft 20. .
[0028]
The crucible base 18 and the crucible support shaft 20 are also made of a graphite material, and when the high temperature raw material melt M flows out of the quartz crucible 12a together with the graphite crucible 12b for protecting the quartz crucible 12a. Is considered to be most likely to come into contact with the raw material melt M, so that the bulk density is 1.70 to 1.90 g / cm.ThreeIsotropic graphite material is used.
[0029]
Further, in order to prevent the raw material melt M leaked from the quartz crucible 14a from entering the crucible support shaft 20 on the outer periphery of the lower side surface of the crucible base 18, a protruding ridge 18a that protrudes downward is provided. . When the raw material melt M leaks from the quartz crucible 14 a and reaches the crucible base 18, the protrusion 18 a prevents the leaked melt from wrapping around the crucible support shaft 20 as much as possible, and travels along the crucible support shaft 20. Prevents leakage outside the furnace.
[0030]
On the other hand, a graphite heater 16 for heating and melting the raw material melt M is placed just outside the graphite crucible 14b. The heater 16 is a metal electrode portion for supplying a current for heating the heater. 22 is supported. The metal electrode portion 22 is protected from the high temperature atmosphere in the manufacturing apparatus furnace 12, and when the raw material melt M flows out from the quartz crucible 12a, the metal electrode portion 22 is protected from graphite by being eroded by the leaked melt. It is joined to the heater 16 via the electrode part 24, and power is supplied to the heater 16.
[0031]
In addition, in order to prevent the metal electrode part 22 from being heated more than necessary, the cooling water is recirculated similarly to the furnace wall of the manufacturing apparatus. Further, a protrusion 24a that protrudes downward is also provided on the lower surface of the peripheral edge of the graphite protective electrode 24 so that when the raw material melt M leaks from the crucible 14a, it does not leak to the outside of the furnace through the electrode or the like. The raw material melt M downstream from above is guided by the protrusions 24a to the hot water receiving tray 26 installed in the lower part of the production apparatus furnace 12 appropriately. The heater 16 and the graphite protective electrode part 24 also have a bulk density of 1.70 to 1.90 g because the melt is very likely to be deposited when the raw material melt M leaks from the quartz crucible 14a. / CmThreeIsotropic graphite material is used.
[0032]
Further, a heat insulating material 28 made of graphite is provided on the outer periphery of the heater 16 to protect the insulation heat in the manufacturing apparatus furnace 12 and the radiant heat from the heater 16 and the like from directly hitting the furnace wall 12a.
[0033]
In addition, a hot water receiving tray 26 is disposed below the in-furnace members constituting the inside of the manufacturing apparatus furnace 12 and at the lowermost side of the manufacturing apparatus furnace 12 to protect the wall bottom 12b of the manufacturing apparatus furnace 12, and inadvertently. When the raw material melt flows out of the crucible 14a due to the cause, the high temperature raw material melt M corrodes the metal furnace wall 12a by collecting and receiving the outflow melt M in the molten metal receiving tray 26, or the manufacturing apparatus furnace. 12 is prevented from leaking outside, and holds the raw material melt until the temperature in the furnace falls to a safe temperature. For these reasons, a bulk density of 1.70 to 1.90 g / cm is used as the material for the leaking pan 26 in the apparatus of the present invention.ThreeIsotropic graphite material is used.
[0034]
In addition to protecting the bottom wall 12b of the manufacturing apparatus furnace 12, the hot water leaking tray 26 is provided with a furnace internal member provided on the bottom wall 12b, such as a metal electrode 22, a graphite electrode part 24, a crucible support shaft 20, and an exhaust gas pipe. It is necessary to protect 30, and the portion of the hot water receiving tray 26 that comes into contact with these members is an annular rising portion 26a so as to surround those portions.
[0035]
Further, in the growth of the semiconductor single crystal, since the inside of the manufacturing apparatus furnace 12 is filled with an inert gas and operated, the manufacturing apparatus 10 is provided with a gas introduction pipe 28 for introducing the inert gas into the furnace, and the gas is exhausted. For this purpose, an exhaust gas pipe 30 is also provided in the lower part of the production apparatus furnace 12 so as to penetrate the hot water leak tray 26. In the apparatus of the present invention, during operation, Ar gas is introduced from a gas introduction pipe 28 above the production apparatus furnace, and the gas is caused to flow downstream into the raw material melt so as to be provided at the lower part of the production apparatus furnace. The exhaust gas pipe 30 is configured to discharge the gas in the furnace to the outside.
[0036]
Since the exhaust gas pipe 30 may come into contact with the effluent melt when the raw material melt M leaks, the bulk density is 1.70 to 1.90 g / cm as in the case of the graphite member in the furnace.ThreeThese are preferably made of an isotropic graphite material, or when the exhaust gas pipe 30 is a metal, these are preferably protected with a graphite material so as to protect the metal portion. In the single crystal manufacturing apparatus 10 of the present invention, the exhaust gas pipe 30 is made of an isotropic graphite material having the above characteristics, so that the leaked raw material melt M does not flow out from the exhaust gas inlet 31 of the exhaust gas pipe 30 when reaching the molten metal leak tray 26. The exhaust gas pipe 30 is erected from the bottom of the hot-water leaking tray 26 so that the exhaust gas inlet 31 is positioned upward. Further, in order to receive the raw material melt M falling from above the exhaust gas pipe 30, An upper end wall 33 is formed. On the lower surface of the peripheral edge portion of the upper end wall 33, a protrusion 33 a that protrudes downward is projected so as not to leak the leaked melt from the exhaust gas inlet 31. The melt is collected on the leaking tray 26 through the ridge 33a.
[0037]
In the present invention, the bulk density of the graphite material means the mass per unit volume of the graphite material (g / cmThree). Further, graphite having a dimensional change rate of 5% or less can be used as a material for these graphite members.
[0038]
In order to grow a single crystal using the above-described semiconductor single crystal manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, a polycrystalline silicon raw material is charged in a quartz crucible 14a, and the furnace is filled with an inert gas, and then a silicon heater is used to heat the silicon. A raw material melt M for growing a single crystal is obtained by melting a polycrystalline silicon raw material, which is a lump, into a melt.
[0039]
After that, the wire (not shown) for pulling up the single crystal is lowered from above, the seed crystal (not shown) attached to the lower end of the wire is immersed in the raw material melt M, and then gently pulled when the temperature is stabilized. A semiconductor single crystal is grown under the seed crystal by winding the wire.
[0040]
  Further, the evaluation of the erodibility to the raw material melt of the graphite material used as the material of the graphite member is carried out by measuring the bar-shaped immersion test sample T shown in FIG. 2 in which one side X is 20 mm square and the length Y is 100 mm. The immersion test sample is attached to the tip of the pulling wire 35 in the production apparatus furnace 12 in place of the seed crystal, and the inside of the apparatus furnace 12 is made to have substantially the same conditions as those for single crystal growth. The test sample T was immersed so that the tip of the sample was gently lowered until it fell into the raw material melt by about 20 to 30 mm. In FIG. 2, the same or similar members as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
[0041]
After the test sample T sinks into the raw material melt for a predetermined amount, the test sample T is held for a predetermined time, then pulled up from the melt M, and the dimensional change in the same direction before and after being immersed in the raw material melt M The rate (Δd) is measured, and the erosion resistance of the test sample with respect to the raw material melt M is evaluated.
[0042]
The dimensional change rate (Δd) is calculated by the following formula (1).
[0043]
[Expression 1]
Figure 0004256576
[0044]
X in formula (1)1Is the width of the test sample T before immersion in the silicon melt and X2Is the width of the test sample T after being immersed in the silicon melt.
[0045]
【Example】
Example 1
Bulk density is 1.74, 1.77, 1.85 g / cmThreeAn immersion test sample having a side of 20 mm square and a length of 100 mm was prepared from the above isotropic graphite material.
[0046]
These immersion test samples are attached to the tip of the pulling wire of the manufacturing apparatus as shown in FIG. 2 and placed above the crucible in the manufacturing apparatus furnace, and then 10 kg of polycrystalline silicon is filled in the quartz crucible in the manufacturing apparatus furnace. Later, the heater was heated and melted to obtain a silicon raw material melt having a melt temperature of around 1420 ° C.
[0047]
When the melt temperature was stabilized, the pull-up wire was unwound and the immersion test sample was lowered to just above the melt surface and heated for 30 minutes, and then the test sample tip was immersed in the silicon melt for 20 mm in the length direction. Stop the test sample in the silicon melt for 10 minutes, then gently wind up the pulling wire and remove the test sample from the melt, then gradually return the sample temperature to room temperature and measure the change in the dimensions of the immersion part and visually observe the appearance. The characteristics of the graphite material were evaluated.
[0048]
  In this evaluation, as shown in Table 1 and FIG.7g / cm3In the isotropic graphite material, the dimensional change rate was kept at 4% or less, and no extreme expansion or cracks were observed, and the shape was kept substantially the same as before being immersed in the raw material melt.
(Comparative Example 1)
  Similarly, bulk density is 1.65, 1.68 g / cm3An anisotropic graphite material by extrusion molding with a bulk density of 1.68 g / cm3An immersion test sample having the same shape as that of Example 1 was produced from the anisotropic graphite material obtained by the die-molding of 1 and immersed in the silicon melt under the same conditions as in Example 1.
[0049]
The results are as shown in Table 1 and FIG. 4. In all the samples, the dimensional change rate of the immersion part exceeded 5%, and most of the specimens were cracked or greatly changed (expanded) in the immersion part. Met.
[0050]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004256576
[0051]
(Example 2)
Next, among the graphite members arranged in the production apparatus furnace, a graphite crucible, a crucible base, a crucible support shaft, a heater, which may come into contact with the raw material melt when the raw material melt leaks from the crucible, The bulk density of the graphite protective electrode, exhaust gas pipe, and hot water leak tray is 1.74 to 1.77 g / cm.ThreeIt was made of high-purity isotropic graphite material with an ash content of 20 ppm or less and used for the production of silicon semiconductor single crystals.
[0052]
Then, when growing a semiconductor single crystal, 150 kg of polycrystalline silicon raw material was charged into a quartz crucible having a diameter of 60 cm and melting was started, and when about 80% of the raw material became a melt, the quartz crucible cracked, It was found that the melt was leaking from the crucible. Immediately after turning off the power to the heater and checking the temperature of the cooling water returning to the furnace wall for cooling the device, the water temperature increased by about 1.2 ° C., but no abnormality was found.
[0053]
After the temperature inside the manufacturing apparatus dropped to near room temperature, the manufacturing apparatus was disassembled and the outflow situation of the raw material melt was confirmed. As a result, about 80 kg of silicon was found in the hot water leak tray placed at the bottom of the manufacturing apparatus. Although it had solidified, there was no evidence that the spilled material further leaked from the leaking pan, and the furnace wall was completely protected. In addition, when observing the graphite crucible, crucible base, and hot water saucer, which seemed to be in contact with the raw material spilled from the crucible, the state of being eroded by the raw material melt was not observed, and the function as planned was demonstrated. I found out.
[0054]
The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above. The above-described embodiment is merely an example, and any configuration is possible as long as it has substantially the same configuration as the technical idea described in the claims of the present invention and has the same effect. However, it goes without saying that it is included in the technical scope of the present invention.
[0055]
For example, the semiconductor single crystal manufacturing apparatus of the present invention has been described by taking the CZ method for growing a single crystal without applying a magnetic field to the raw material melt as an example. It goes without saying that the same effect can be obtained also in a semiconductor single crystal manufacturing apparatus using the growing MCZ method. And the method of evaluating the characteristics of the graphite member used in the semiconductor single crystal manufacturing apparatus and the semiconductor single crystal manufacturing apparatus of the present invention also evaluates the characteristics of the semiconductor single crystal manufacturing apparatus other than silicon and the graphite member constituting the apparatus. Naturally, it can be used for this purpose, and even when applied to the growth of a compound semiconductor such as a GaAs crystal using the CZ method, the effect can be sufficiently exhibited.
[0056]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, if the semiconductor single crystal manufacturing apparatus by the CZ method is the structure of the apparatus of the present invention, even if the erodible raw material melt contacts the graphite member constituting the manufacturing apparatus furnace, the graphite member Therefore, even if a high-temperature raw material melt leaks from the crucible placed in the apparatus furnace due to an unforeseen cause, the leaked raw material melt is placed in the furnace. It can be accurately guided to the graphite member for holding the spilled melt such as a hot water leak pan, and after confirming the leakage of the raw material melt from the crucible, the production equipment is stopped and the temperature in the furnace is safe. Over a long period of time until the temperature drops, these graphite members can reliably stop the effluent melt in the furnace.
[0057]
This prevents the raw material melt leaking from the crucible from flowing out of the production equipment, so that it is possible to avoid damaging the equipment due to the high-temperature melt that has flowed out, and to prevent workers working near the equipment. Trouble can be handled safely without risk.
[0058]
Furthermore, the high temperature erosive raw material melt that has flowed out of the crucible is not directly in contact with the metal manufacturing equipment furnace wall, the heater electrode, the crucible drive shaft, etc. through which the cooling water is circulated. A serious disaster such as a steam explosion caused by mixing with a cooling medium such as water can also be avoided.
[0059]
  AndMentioned aboveIf the graphite material used as a graphite member in a single crystal production equipment furnace is evaluated using the evaluation method, the graphite material suitable for each single crystal production equipment can be known easily and more reliably. Further, the reliability of the graphite member disposed in these manufacturing apparatuses is further improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional explanatory view showing an embodiment of a single crystal production apparatus of the present invention.
2 is a schematic cross-sectional explanatory diagram of a manufacturing apparatus used for the immersion test of Example 1. FIG.
3 is a photograph showing the surface state of an immersion test sample after immersion in Example 1. FIG.
4 is a photograph showing the surface state of an immersion test sample after immersion in Comparative Example 1. FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
10: Manufacturing furnace, 14a: Quartz crucible, 14b: Graphite crucible, 16: Heater, 18: Crucible base, 18a: Projection, 20: Crucible support shaft, 21: Crucible rotation drive mechanism, 22: Metal Electrode part, 24: graphite protective electrode part, 24a: protrusion, 26: hot water leak tray, 26a: rising part, 28: heat insulating material, 30: exhaust gas pipe, 31: exhaust gas inlet, 33: upper end wall, 33a: protrusion 35: Pull-up wire, M: raw material melt, T: immersion test sample.

Claims (2)

製造装置の炉内にルツボに収容された原料融液と原料融液を加熱溶融するための加熱ヒータと製造装置炉壁の保護と炉内の保温等のために配置された黒鉛部材とを有するチョクラルスキー法により単結晶を育成する半導体単結晶の製造装置において、少なくとも原料融液を収容したルツボから溶融原料が流出した際に流出した原料融液と接する可能性のある製造装置炉内に配置された黒鉛部材、及び流出した原料融液を保持し製造装置炉壁に接触するのを防ぐために製造装置炉内に配置された黒鉛部材の材料として、かさ密度が1.70〜1.90g/cm及び灰分が20ppm以下であり、溶融したシリコン融液に10分以上20分以内浸漬しその後のシリコン融液に浸漬した部分の寸法変化率が5%以下である等方性黒鉛材を用いることを特徴とする半導体単結晶の製造装置。A raw material melt contained in a crucible in a furnace of a manufacturing apparatus, a heater for heating and melting the raw material melt, and a graphite member arranged for protecting the furnace wall of the manufacturing apparatus and keeping the temperature in the furnace, etc. In a semiconductor single crystal manufacturing apparatus that grows a single crystal by the Czochralski method, at least in a manufacturing apparatus furnace that may come into contact with the raw material melt that has flowed out when the molten raw material flows out from the crucible containing the raw material melt. It arranged graphite member, and as the material of the deployed graphite member for a manufacturing apparatus furnace in order to prevent the contact with leaked raw material melt holding a manufacturing apparatus furnace wall, bulk density 1.70~1.90g An isotropic graphite material having a / cm 3 and ash content of 20 ppm or less, a dimensional change rate of a portion immersed in the molten silicon melt within 10 minutes to 20 minutes and then immersed in the silicon melt is 5% or less. To use An apparatus for producing a semiconductor single crystal characterized by: 請求項1に記載した半導体単結晶の製造装置であって、少なくとも前記半導体単結晶製造装置の炉内に配置された黒鉛部材の中で、ルツボから原料融液が流出したさいに流出融液と接する可能性のある黒鉛部材が、黒鉛ルツボ、ルツボ台、ルツボ支持軸、黒鉛保護電極部、加熱ヒータ、排ガス管及び又は湯漏れ受け皿であることを特徴とする半導体単結晶の製造装置。  The apparatus for producing a semiconductor single crystal according to claim 1, wherein at least a graphite melt disposed in a furnace of the semiconductor single crystal production apparatus has a spilled melt when the raw material melt flows out of the crucible. An apparatus for producing a semiconductor single crystal, characterized in that the graphite member that may come into contact is a graphite crucible, a crucible base, a crucible support shaft, a graphite protective electrode part, a heater, an exhaust gas pipe, and / or a water leak tray.
JP2000262406A 2000-08-31 2000-08-31 Semiconductor single crystal manufacturing equipment Expired - Fee Related JP4256576B2 (en)

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