JP4259152B2 - Photosensitive planographic printing plate processing method - Google Patents
Photosensitive planographic printing plate processing method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4259152B2 JP4259152B2 JP2003079512A JP2003079512A JP4259152B2 JP 4259152 B2 JP4259152 B2 JP 4259152B2 JP 2003079512 A JP2003079512 A JP 2003079512A JP 2003079512 A JP2003079512 A JP 2003079512A JP 4259152 B2 JP4259152 B2 JP 4259152B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- printing plate
- compound
- lithographic printing
- photosensitive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UORVCLMRJXCDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N propynoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C#C UORVCLMRJXCDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCSKRVKAXABJLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazolo[3,4-d]triazole Chemical class N1=NN=C2N=NC=C21 MCSKRVKAXABJLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYKQYVSNFPWGKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2-carbothioamide Chemical compound NC(=S)C1=CC=CC=N1 HYKQYVSNFPWGKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BGUWFUQJCDRPTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=NC=C1 BGUWFUQJCDRPTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVIICGIFSIBFOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrylium Chemical class C1=CC=[O+]C=C1 WVIICGIFSIBFOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012487 rinsing solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ORIHZIZPTZTNCU-YVMONPNESA-N salicylaldoxime Chemical compound O\N=C/C1=CC=CC=C1O ORIHZIZPTZTNCU-YVMONPNESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019512 sardine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N shellac Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.C1C23[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC2[C@](C)(CO)[C@@H]1C(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]3O ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940113147 shellac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960004029 silicic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940047670 sodium acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940013883 sucrose octaacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SEEPANYCNGTZFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfadiazine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=NC=CC=N1 SEEPANYCNGTZFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000565 sulfonamide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfurothioic S-acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=S DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MUTNCGKQJGXKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tamibarotene Chemical compound C=1C=C2C(C)(C)CCC(C)(C)C2=CC=1NC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 MUTNCGKQJGXKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001367 tartaric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000005621 tetraalkylammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RKHXQBLJXBGEKF-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylphosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC RKHXQBLJXBGEKF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrophthalic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=C(C(O)=O)CCCC1 UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrapotassium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBOMNTLFRHMDEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiosalicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S NBOMNTLFRHMDEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940103494 thiosalicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioxanthen-9-one Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,6-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=C(N=C=O)C=CC=C1N=C=O RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005270 trialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WYXIGTJNYDDFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-Q triazanium;borate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] WYXIGTJNYDDFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-Q 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960001124 trientine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ILWRPSCZWQJDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCN(CC)CC ILWRPSCZWQJDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004953 trihalomethyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium borate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioxidane Chemical compound OOO JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUUHFRRPHJEEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripotassium borate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] WUUHFRRPHJEEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019798 tripotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylamine Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)CCC YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCO KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRLHYNPADOCLAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C KRLHYNPADOCLAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- RRLMGCBZYFFRED-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C RRLMGCBZYFFRED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002703 undecylenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000005289 uranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl benzoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229940075420 xanthine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007934 α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Photosensitive Polymer And Photoresist Processing (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、アルミニウム板支持体表面に、感光性樹脂組成物から成る感光層が形成された感光性平版印刷版の処理に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
平版印刷法は、水と油が本質的に混じり合わないことを利用した印刷方法であり、印刷版面には水を受容して油性インキを弾く非画像部と、水を弾いて油性インキを受容する画像部が形成され、印刷機から水と油性インキを供給して、画像部に受容された油性インキのみを紙に転写することにより印刷が行われる。印刷機は、印刷版面の画像部に受容された油性インキを一度ゴム製ブランケットに転写した後、紙に転写するオフセット印刷方式が一般的である。
【0003】
従来、感光性平版印刷版に用いられる支持体としては、印刷適性の面から、親水性、保水性、感光層との接着に優れたものが要求されており、このような観点から、通常、表面を砂目立てと言われる粗面化処理を施したアルミニウム板が用いられている。
【0004】
粗面化処理としては、ボール研磨、ブラシ研磨、ブラスト研磨、バフ研磨、ホーニング研磨等の機械的粗面化法、又、塩酸、硝酸等の酸性電解質中で交流あるいは直流によって支持体表面を電解処理する電気化学的粗面化法等が知られている。これらの方法で砂目立て処理したアルミニウム板は、そのままでは比較的柔らかく磨耗し易いので、次いで陽極酸化処理を施し酸化皮膜を形成させる。このように処理されたアルミニウム板の表面は硬く、耐磨耗性に優れた状態となる。
【0005】
露光された感光性平版印刷版をアルカリ水溶液で現像すると、当該感光層の露光部もしくは未露光部が除去されて支持体表面が露出することになる。このアルミニウム支持体の表面は親水性なので、現像により支持体の表面が露出した部分(非画像部)は水を受容して油性インキを弾くことになる。一方、現像により感光層が除去されなかった部分(画像部)は親油性なので水を弾いて油性インキを受容することになる。
【0006】
感光性平版印刷板は、一般に高感度であるほど露光に要する時間が短縮され、作業を速く行うことができる。このような感光性平版印刷版を自動現像機にて現像処理する場合、多数の処理が進むにつれて処理液の劣化が進み、版面の親水性が低下し、印刷する際、非画像部にインクの付着が生じてしまう問題があり、この汚れを防止する為、非画像部の版面の親水性を保つ方法が望まれていた。
【0007】
更に、光遊離基発生剤とエチレン性不飽和化合物との組合せによる遊離基反応で潜像形成をするタイプの光重合性感光性平版印刷版では、アルカリ水溶液を用いて画像露光済みの光重合性層を有する感光性平版印刷版を現像した場合、高感度の優れた平版印刷版を得ることができる。しかしながら、自動現像機を用いて現像補充液を補充して繰り返し使用する方法で、多数の平版印刷版の現像処理を繰り返した場合、自動現像機の現像液中で溶出した光重合性層が蓄積し析出することが判っている。又、上記遊離基反応で潜像形成するタイプの感光性平版印刷版は、一般的に優れた感度を有するものの、酸素によって遊離基反応が阻害されるという欠点を有しているため、何等かの酸素遮断層を感光層上に設けることが有効であり、このような酸素遮断層としてポリビニルアルコール(PVA)を主成分とするものが有効であることが知られている。しかしながら、PVAを主成分とする酸素遮断層を感光層上に設けた感光性平版印刷版を、自動現像機を用いて現像補充液を補充して繰り返し使用する方法で同様の処理を繰り返した場合、自動現像機の現像液中で寒天状のゲルが析出することも判っている。このような、不安定な現像処理にて得られた版材は、非画像部の汚れの発生を促進し、使用上の問題となっていた。
【0008】
従来、感光性平版印刷版の現像処理には、アルカリ金属珪酸塩の水溶液が広く用いられており、支持体表面のアルミニウムと現像液中の珪酸の反応により、支持体表面の親水性を増大させている。
【0009】
又、平版印刷版を製版する際、その最終工程で版面保護剤が塗布される。保護剤塗布の目的は、非画像領域の親水性を保護するのみならず、画像領域の加筆又は消去等の画像修正、製版後印刷する迄の期間の保存又は再使用迄の保存、印刷機に取り付ける際や取扱い中の指紋、油脂、塵等の付着によって引き起こされる汚れの防止及び傷の発生等からの保護であり、更に酸化汚れの発生を抑えることである。
【0010】
平版印刷版用の版面保護剤としては、一般的に、アラビアガム、セルロースガム又は分子中にカルボキシル基を有する水溶性高分子物質の水溶液が使用されている。その他として、燐酸変性澱粉を含有する版面保護剤が特開昭62−11693号、カルボキシアルキル化澱粉を含有する版面保護剤が特開昭62−7595号等、特定のポリオキシエチレン基含有活性剤を含有する版面保護材が特開平11−265704号、同11−288106号に記載されており、水溶性の高分子を含有させた版面保護剤が多数提案されている。又、エチレン性不飽和化合物、光重合開始剤及び感脂化剤を含有する感光性組成物を支持体上に塗布して得られる感光性平版印刷版を、水性アルカリ現像液で現像した後、親水性有機高分子化合物、界面活性剤及び酸を含有し、かつ有機溶媒を実質的に含まない不感脂化剤で処理することにより、着肉性、塗布性が良好で、印刷汚れがない感光性平版印刷版の製造技術の開示もある(特許文献1参照)。
【0011】
しかしながら、これらの方法を用いても、光重合型感光性樹脂版を自動現像機にて多数処理した場合の非画像部の汚れは十分防止することが出来なかった。
【0012】
又、光重合型感光性樹脂版をpH11以上の高pHで現像する場合、インキ着肉部の膨潤した樹脂層に版面保護剤が付着する結果、印刷時の除去が遅くなる。この結果、印刷の立ち上がりでのインキ着肉性が劣化し、損紙枚数が増加するという問題が生じ、解決が望まれていた。
【0013】
【特許文献1】
特開平9−109571号公報
【0014】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、印刷再開時に発生する非画像部の汚れ及び印刷の立上がりでのインキ着肉性を向上した感光性平版印刷版の処理方法を提供することにある。
【0015】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の上記目的は下記構成により達成される。
【0016】
1)アルミニウム板支持体表面に、エチレン性不飽和結合含有単量体、光重合開始剤及び高分子結合材を含有する感光性樹脂組成物から成る感光層が形成された平版印刷版を画像露光及び現像処理した後、下記化合物A及びアニオン界面活性剤を含有する水溶液で処理する感光性平版印刷版の処理方法。
【0017】
化合物A RO(C3H6O)m(CH2CH2O)nH
ここで、Rは置換基を有してもよい炭素数8〜11のアルキル基を表し、mは1〜5、nは2〜30の整数を表す。
【0018】
2)アルミニウム板支持体表面に、エチレン性不飽和結合含有単量体、光重合開始剤及び高分子結合材を含有する感光性樹脂組成物から成る感光層が形成された平版印刷版を画像露光及び現像処理した後、処理する水溶液であって、前記化合物A及びアニオン界面活性剤を含有する感光性平版印刷版の版面保護剤。
【0019】
3)前記化合物Aにおけるmが1〜3である1)記載の感光性平版印刷版の処理方法。
【0020】
4)前記化合物Aにおけるmが1〜3である2)記載の感光性平版印刷版の版面保護剤。
【0021】
以下、本発明をより詳細に説明する。
まず、本発明の主たる特徴である化合物Aについて説明する。構造式中、Rで表されるアルキル基の炭素数は8〜11であるが、好ましくは9又は10である。このRは、ノニオン界面活性剤である該化合物の疎水基に当たり、炭素数が大きすぎても小さすぎても界面活性剤としてのバランスが崩れ、ストップ汚れ防止の効果が得られなくなる。
【0022】
化合物Aのポリオキシプロピレン部分(C3H6O)nは、(CH2CH2CH2O)n、(CH(CH3)CH2O)n、(CH2CH(CH3)O)nの3通りが考えられ、どの構造でも構わないが、(CH2CH(CH3)O)nの構造が最も好ましい。
【0023】
nは2〜30を表すが、6〜15が最も好ましい。nは親水基に当たるポリオキシエチレン基の繰返し単位数であり、大きすぎても小さすぎても界面活性剤としてのバランスが崩れ、ストップ汚れ防止の効果が得られなくなる。
【0024】
mは1〜5を表すが、1〜3が好ましく、2又は3が最も好ましい。疎水基に当たるオキシプロピレン基の繰返し単位数は、Rの炭素数、nの数と同様、大きすぎても小さすぎても界面活性剤としてのバランスが崩れ、ストップ汚れ防止の効果が得られなくなる。
【0025】
以下に化合物Aの具体例を挙げるが、これに限定されるものではない。
【0026】
【化1】
【0027】
化合物Aは該化合物を含有する水溶液全質量の0.01〜5質量%の範囲で使用することが好ましく、更には0.1〜1.0質量%がより好ましい。
【0028】
版面保護剤の水溶液はpH2〜7であることが好ましいが、最も好ましいのは2〜5である。PHが7より大きいと版面保護剤が印刷時に除去し難くなり、又、pHが2以下未満になると版面保護剤成分の水への溶解性が劣化し分離し易くなる上、酸性度が高くなる為、取り扱いの安全性も劣化する。
【0029】
続いて、本発明の処理方法に使用する現像液について詳述する。
(アルカリ剤)
本発明の処理方法に用いられる現像液の主成分は、珪酸、燐酸、炭酸、硼酸、フェノール類、糖類、オキシム類及び弗素化アルコール類から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物を含有することが好ましい。そして、pHが8.5より高く13.0未満のアルカリ性水溶液であることが好ましい。更に好ましくはpH8.5〜12.0である。
【0030】
これらの内、フェノール類、糖類、オキシム類及び弗素化アルコール類の如き弱酸性物質としては、解離指数(pKa)が10.0〜13.2のものが好ましい。このような酸としては、Pergamon Press社発行のIONISATION CONSTANTS OF ORGANIC ACIDS INAQUEOUS SOLUTION等に記載されているものから選ばれ、具体的には、サリチル酸(pKa13.0)、3−ヒドロキシ−2−ナフトエ酸(同12.84)、カテコール(同12.6)、没食子酸(同12.4)、スルホサリチル酸(同11.7)、3,4−ジヒドロキシスルホン酸(同12.2)、3,4−ジヒドロキシ安息香酸(同11.94)、1,2,4−トリヒドロキシベンゼン(同11.82)、ハイドロキノン(同11.56)、ピロガロール(同11.34)、o−クレゾール(同10.33)、レゾルソノール(同11.27)、p−クレゾール(同10.27)、m−クレゾール(同10.09)等のフェノール性水酸基を有するフェノール類が挙げられる。
【0031】
糖類としてはアルカリ中でも安定な非還元糖が好ましく用いられる。かかる非還元糖とは、遊離のアルデヒド基やケトン基を持たず、還元性を示さない糖類であり、還元基同士の結合したトレハロース型少糖類、糖類の還元基と非糖類が結合した配糖体及び糖類に水素添加して還元した糖アルコールに分類され、何れも本発明に好適に用いられる。トレハロース型少糖類には、サッカロースやトレハロースがあり、配糖体としては、アルキル配糖体、フェノール配糖体、カラシ油配糖体などが挙げられる。又、糖アルコールとしてはD,L−アラビット、リビット、キシリット、D,L−ソルビット、D,L−マンニット、D,L−イジット、D,L−タリット、ズリシット及びアロズルシットなどが挙げられる。更に二糖類の水素添加で得られるマルチトール及びオリゴ糖の水素添加で得られる還元体(還元水飴)が好適に用いられる。更には、2−ブタノンオキシム(pKa12.45)、アセトキシム(同12.42)、1,2−シクロヘプタンジオンオキシム(同12.3)、2−ヒドロキシベンズアルデヒドオキシム(同12.10)、ジメチルグリオキシム(同11.9)、エタンジアミドジオキシム(同11.37)、アセトフェノンオキシム(同11.35)等のオキシム類、例えば2,2,3,3−テトラフルオロプロパノール−1(同12.74)、トリフルオロエタノール(同12.37)、トリクロロエタノール(同12.24)等の弗素化アルコール類が挙げられる。他にも、ピリジン−2−アルデヒド(同12.68)、ピリジン−4−アルデヒド(同12.05)等のアルデヒド類、アデノシン(同12.56)、イノシン(同12.5)、グアニン(同12.3)、シトシン(同12.2)、ヒポキサンチン(同12.1)、キサンチン(同11.9)等の核酸関連物質、その他、ジエチルアミノメチルスルホン酸(同12.32)、1−アミノ−3,3,3−トリフルオロ安息香酸(同12.29)、イソプロピリデンジスルホン酸(同12.10)、1,1−エチリデンジホスホン酸(同11.54)、1,1−エチリデンジスルホン酸1−ヒドロキシ(同11.52)、ベンズイミダゾール(同12.86)、チオベンズアミド(同12.8)、ピコリンチオアミド(同12.55)、バルビツル酸(同12.5)等の弱酸が挙げられる。これらの酸性物質は単独でも、又、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。これらの酸性物質の中で好ましいのは、珪酸、燐酸、炭酸、スルホサリチル酸、サリチル酸及び非還元糖の糖アルコールとサッカロースであり、特に珪酸、D−ソルビット、サッカロース、還元水あめが適度なpH領域に緩衝作用があることと、低価格であることで好ましい。
【0032】
これらの酸性物質の現像液中に占める割合は0.1〜30質量%が好ましく、更に好ましくは、1〜20質量%である。この範囲以下では十分な緩衝作用が得られず、又この範囲以上の濃度では、高濃縮化し難く、又、原価アップの問題が出て来る。これらの酸に組み合わせる塩基としては、水酸化ナトリウム、同アンモニウム、同カリウム及び同リチウムが好適に用いられる。これらのアルカリ剤は単独もしくは2種以上を組み合わせて用いられる。現像液のpHが8.5以下の場合、このような現像液で現像可能な感光性平版印刷版材料から得られる印刷版の画像部は物理的に脆弱であり、印刷中の摩耗が早く十分な耐刷力が得られない。又、その画像部は化学的にも弱く、印刷中にインキ洗浄溶剤やプレートクリーナー等で拭いた部分の画像がダメージを受け、その結果、十分な耐薬品性が得られない。pHが13.0を超える様な高pHの現像液は、皮膚や粘膜へ付着した場合の刺激性が強く、取扱いには十分な注意を必要とし好ましくない。
【0033】
その他として、例えば珪酸カリウム、珪酸ナトリウム、珪酸リチウム、珪酸アンモニウム、メタ珪酸カリウム、メタ珪酸ナトリウム、メタ珪酸リチウム、メタ珪酸アンモニウム、燐酸三カリウム、燐酸三ナトリウム、燐酸三リチウム、燐酸三アンモニウム、燐酸二カリウム、燐酸二ナトリウム、燐酸二リチウム、燐酸二アンモニウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸リチウム、炭酸アンモニウム、炭酸水素カリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸水素リチウム、炭酸水素アンモニウム、硼酸カリウム、硼酸ナトリウム、硼酸リチウム、硼酸アンモニウム等が挙げられ、予め形成された塩の形で加えられてもよい。この場合も、水酸化ナトリウム、同アンモニウム、同カリウム及び同リチウムをpH調整に加えることができる。又、モノメチルアミン、ジメチルアミン、トリメチルアミン、エチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、i−プロピルアミン、ジ−i−プロピルアミン、トリ−i−プロピルアミン、ブチルアミン、エタノールアミン、ジエタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミン、i−プロパノールアミン、ジ−i−プロパノールアミン、エチレンイミン、エチレンジアミン、ピリジン等の有機アルカリ剤も組み合わせて用いられる。最も好ましいものとして珪酸カリウム及び珪酸ナトリウムが挙げられる。珪酸塩の濃度は、SiO2濃度換算で1.0〜3.0質量%が好ましい。又、SiO2とアルカリ金属Mのモル比(SiO2:M)が0.25〜2の範囲であれば尚好ましい。
【0034】
尚、本発明で言う現像液とは、現像のスタート時に使用される未使用の液だけでなく、平版印刷版の処理によって低下する液の活性度を補正するために補充液が補充され、活性度が保たれた液(所謂ランニング液)を含む。従って、補充液は現像液より活性度(アルカリ濃度)が高い必要があるので、補充液のpHは13.0を超えてもよい。
【0035】
(界面活性剤)
現像液には、現像性の促進や現像カスの分散及び印刷版画像部の親インキ性を高める目的で、必要に応じて種々界面活性剤や有機溶剤を添加できる。
【0036】
界面活性剤としては、アニオン系、カチオン系、ノニオン系及び両性界面活性剤が挙げられる。
【0037】
好ましい界面活性剤としては、脂肪酸塩類、アビエチン酸塩類、ヒドロキシアルカンスルホン酸塩類、アルカンスルホン酸塩類、ジアルキルスルホ琥珀酸エステル塩類、直鎖アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩類、分岐鎖アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩類、アルキルナフタレンスルホン酸塩類、ポリオキシエチレンアリールエーテルカルボン酸、ポリオキシエチレンナフチルエーテル硫酸エステル塩、アルキルジフェニルエーテルスルホン酸塩類、アルキルフェノキシポリオキシエチレンプロピルスルホン酸塩類、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルスルホフェニルエーテル塩類、ポリオキシエチレンアリールルエーテル硫酸エステル塩、N−メチル−N−オレイルタウリンナトリウム塩、N−アルキルスルホ琥珀酸モノアミド二ナトリウム塩、石油スルホン酸塩類、硫酸化牛脂油、脂肪酸アルキルエステルの硫酸エステル塩類、アルキル硫酸エステル塩類、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル硫酸エステル塩類、脂肪酸モノグリセリド硫酸エステル塩類、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル硫酸エステル塩類、ポリオキシエチレンスチリルフェニルエーテル硫酸エステル塩類、アルキル燐酸エステル塩類、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル燐酸エステル塩類、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル燐酸エステル塩類、スチレン/無水マレイン酸共重合物の部分鹸化物類、オレフィン/無水マレイン酸共重合物の部分鹸化物類、ナフタレンスルホン酸塩ホルマリン縮合物類等のアニオン界面活性剤;ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル類、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル類、ポリオキシエチレンポリスチリルフェニルエーテル類、ポリオキシエチレンポリオキシプロピレンアルキルエーテル類、グリセリン脂肪酸部分エステル類、ソルビタン脂肪酸部分エステル類、ペンタエリスリトール脂肪酸部分エステル類、プロピレングリコールモノ脂肪酸エステル類、蔗糖脂肪酸部分エステル類、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタン脂肪酸部分エステル類、ポリオキシエチレンソルビトール脂肪酸部分エステル類、ポリエチレングリコール脂肪酸エステル類、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸部分エステル類、ポリオキシエチレン化ひまし油類、ポリオキシエチレングリセリン脂肪酸部分エステル類、ポリオキシエチレン−ポリオキシプロピレンブロック共重合体、エチレンジアミンのポリオキシエチレン−ポリオキシプロピレンブロック共重合体付加物、脂肪酸ジエタノールアミド類、N,N−ビス−2−ヒドロキシアルキルアミン類、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルアミン、トリエタノールアミン脂肪酸エステル、トリアルキルアミンオキシド等のノニオン界面活性剤;アルキルアミン塩類、テトラブチルアンモニウムブロミド等の第四級アンモニウム塩類、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルアミン塩類、ポリエチレンポリアミン誘導体等のカチオン性界面活性剤;カルボキシベタイン類、アミノカルボン酸類、スルホベタイン類、アミノ硫酸エステル類、イミダゾリン類等の両性界面活性剤が挙げられる。
【0038】
以上挙げた界面活性剤(以下、活性剤とも言う)の中でポリオキシエチレンとあるものは、ポリオキシメチレン、ポリオキシプロピレン、ポリオキシブチレン等のポリオキシアルキレンに読み替えることもでき、それらの活性剤も、又、包含される。更に好ましい活性剤は、分子内にパーフルオロアルキル基を含有する弗素系の活性剤である。かかる弗素系活性剤としては、パーフルオロアルキルカルボン酸塩、パーフルオロアルキルスルホン酸塩、パーフルオロアルキル燐酸エステル等のアニオン型、パーフルオロアルキルベタイン等の両性型、パーフルオロアルキルトリメチルアンモニウム塩等のカチオン型及びパーフルオロアルキルアミンオキサイド、パーフルオロアルキルオキシエチレンド付加物、パーフルオロアルキル基及び親水性基含有オリゴマー、パーフルオロアルキル基及び親油性基含有オリゴマー、パーフルオロアルキル基、親水性基及び親油性基含有オリゴマー、パーフルオロアルキル基及び親油性基含有ウレタン等の非イオン型が挙げられる。
【0039】
上記の界面活性剤は単独もしくは2種以上を組み合わせて使用することができ、現像液中に0.001〜10質量%、より好ましくは0.01〜5質量%の範囲で添加される。
【0040】
(現像安定化剤)
現像液には、好ましくは種々現像安定化剤が用いられる。それらの好ましい例として、特開平6−282079号記載の糖アルコールのポリエチレングリコール付加物、テトラブチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド等のテトラアルキルアンモニウム塩、テトラブチルホスホニウムブロマイド等のホスホニウム塩及びジフェニルヨードニウムクロライド等のヨードニウム塩が好ましい例として挙げられる。更には、特開昭50−51324号記載のアニオン界面活性剤又は両性界面活性剤、又、特開昭55−95946号記載の水溶性カチオニックポリマー、特開昭56−142528号に記載されている水溶性の両性高分子電解質がある。更に、特開昭59−84241号のアルキレングリコールが付加された有機硼素化合物、特開昭60−111246号記載のポリオキシエチレン・ポリオキシプロピレンブロック重合型の水溶性界面活性剤、特開昭60−129750号記載のポリオキシエチレン・ポリオキシプロピレンを置換したアルキレンジアミン化合物、特開昭61−215554号記載の質量平均分子量300以上のポリエチレングリコール、特開昭63−175858号のカチオン性基を有する含弗素界面活性剤、特開平2−39157号の酸又はアルコールに4モル以上のエチレンオキシドを付加して得られる水溶性エチレンオキシド付加化合物と、水溶性ポリアルキレン化合物などが挙げられる。
【0041】
(有機溶剤)
現像液には、更に必要により有機溶剤が加えられる。かかる有機溶剤としては、水に対する溶解度が約10質量%以下のものが適しており、好ましくは5質量%以下のものから選ばれる。例えば1−フェニルエタノール、2−フェニルエタノール、3−フェニル−1−プロパノール、4−フェニル−1−ブタノール、4−フェニル−2−ブタノール、2−フェニル−1−ブタノール、2−フェノキシエタノール、2−ベンジルオキシエタノール、o−メトキシベンジルアルコール、m−メトキシベンジルアルコール、p−メトキシベンジルアルコール、ベンジルアルコール、シクロヘキサノール、2−メチルシクロヘキサノール、3−メチルシクロヘキサノール及び4−メチルシクロヘキサノール、N−フェニルエタノールアミン及びN−フェニルジエタノールアミン等を挙げることができる。有機溶剤の含有量は使用液の総質量に対して0.1〜5質量%であるが、実質的に含まれないことが好ましく、全く含まれないことが特に好ましい。ここで実質的に含まれないとは1質量%以下であることを示す。
【0042】
(還元剤)
現像液には必要に応じて還元剤が加えられる。これは印刷版の汚れを防止するものであり、特に感光性ジアゾニウム塩化合物を含むネガ型感光性平版印刷版を現像する際に有効である。好ましい有機還元剤としては、チオサリチル酸、ハイドロキノン、メトール、メトキシキノン、レゾルシン、2−メチルレゾルシンなどのフェノール化合物、フェニレンジアミン、フェニルヒドラジン等のアミン化合物が挙げられる。更に好ましい無機の還元剤としては、亜硫酸、亜硫酸水素酸、亜燐酸、亜燐酸水素酸、亜燐酸二水素酸、チオ硫酸及び亜ジチオン酸などの無機酸のナトリウム塩、カリウム塩、アンモニウム塩などを挙げることができる。
【0043】
これらの還元剤の内、汚れ防止効果が特に優れているのは亜硫酸塩である。これらの還元剤は使用時の現像液に対して好ましくは、0.05〜5質量%の範囲で含有される。
【0044】
(有機カルボン酸)
現像液には必要に応じて更に有機カルボン酸を加えることもできる。好ましい有機カルボン酸は炭素原子数6〜20の脂肪族カルボン酸及び芳香族カルボン酸である。脂肪族カルボン酸の具体的な例としては、カプロン酸、エナンチル酸、カプリル酸、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸及びステアリン酸などがあり、特に好ましいのは炭素数8〜12のアルカン酸である。又、炭素鎖中に二重結合を有する不飽和脂肪酸でも、分岐炭素鎖のものでもよい。芳香族カルボン酸としては、ベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、アントラセン環などにカルボキシル基が置換された化合物で、具体的には、o−クロロ安息香酸、p−クロロ安息香酸、o−ヒドロキシ安息香酸、p−ヒドロキシ安息香酸、o−アミノ安息香酸、p−アミノ安息香酸、2,4−ジヒドロキシ安息香酸、2,5−ジヒドロキシ安息香酸、2,6−ジヒドロキシ安息香酸、2,3−ジヒドロキシ安息香酸、3,5−ジヒドロキシ安息香酸、没食子酸、1−ヒドロキシ−2−ナフトエ酸、3−ヒドロキシ−2−ナフトエ酸、2−ヒドロキシ−1−ナフトエ酸、1−ナフトエ酸、2−ナフトエ酸などがあるが、ヒドロキシナフトエ酸は特に有効である。
【0045】
上記脂肪族及び芳香族カルボン酸は、水溶性を高めるためにナトリウム塩やカリウム塩又はアンモニウム塩として用いるのが好ましい。本発明で用いる現像液の有機カルボン酸の含有量は格別な制限はないが、0.1質量%より低いと効果が十分でなく、又、10質量%を超えると、それ以上の効果の改善が計れないばかりか、別の添加剤を併用する時に溶解を妨げることがある。従って、好ましい添加量は、使用時の現像液に対して0.1〜10質量%であり、より好ましくは0.5〜4質量%である。
【0046】
(その他の添加剤)
現像液には、現像性能を高めるために前記の他に以下のような添加剤を加えることができる。例えば特開昭58−75152号記載のNaCl、KCl、KBr等の中性塩、特開昭59−121336号記載の[Co(NH3)]6Cl3等の錯体、特開昭56−142258号記載のビニルベンジルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライドとアクリル酸ナトリウムの共重合体等の両性高分子電解質、特開昭59−75255号記載のSi、Ti等を含む有機金属界面活性剤、特開昭59−84241号記載の有機硼素化合物等が挙げられる。
【0047】
現像液には更に必要に応じて、防腐剤、着色剤、増粘剤、消泡剤及び硬水軟化剤などを含有させることもできる。消泡剤としては、例えば特開平2−244143号記載の鉱物油、植物油、アルコール、界面活性剤、シリコーン等が挙げられる。硬水軟化剤としては、例えばポリ燐酸及びそのナトリウム塩、カリウム塩及びアンモニウム塩、エチレンジアミン四酢酸、ジエチレントリアミン五酢酸、トリエチレンテトラミン六酢酸、ヒドロキシエチルエチレンジアミン五酢酸、ニトリロ三酢酸、1,2−ジアミノシクロヘキサン四酢酸及び1,3−ジアミノ−2−プロパノール四酢酸などのアミノポリカルボン酸及びそれらのナトリウム塩、カリウム塩及びアンモニウム塩、アミノトリメチレンホスホン酸、エチレンジアミンテトラメチレンホスホン酸、ジエチレントリアミンペンタメチレンホスホン酸、トリエチレンテトラミンヘキサメチレンホスホン酸、ヒドロキシエチルエチレンジアミントリメチレンホスホン酸及び1−ヒドロキシエタン−1,1−ジホスホン酸やそれらのナトリウム塩、カリウム塩及びアンモニウム塩を挙げることができる。このような硬水軟化剤はそのキレート化力と使用される硬水の硬度及び硬水の量によって最適値が変化するが、一般的な使用量を示せば、使用時の現像液に0.01〜5質量%、より好ましくは0.01〜0.5質量%の範囲である。この範囲より少ない添加量では所期の目的が十分に達成されず、添加量がこの範囲より多い場合は、色抜け等、画像部への悪影響が出て来る。現像液の残余の成分は水である。得られた現像液の電導度は5〜50mSであることが好ましい。
【0048】
(濃縮液)
現像液は、使用時よりも水の含有量を少なくした濃縮液としておき、使用時に水で希釈するようにしておくことが運搬上有利である。この場合の濃縮度は各成分が分離や析出を起こさない程度が適当であるが、必要により可溶化剤を加えることが好ましい。かかる可溶化剤としては、特開平6−32081号記載のトルエンスルホン酸、キシレンスルホン酸及びそれらのアルカリ金属塩等のいわゆるヒドロトロープ剤が好ましく用いられる。
【0049】
濃縮液の水の含有量を更に減らし、固形状もしくはペースト状にすることもできる。この場合、一旦、現像液にしてから蒸発乾固してもよいが、好ましくは複数の素材を混ぜ合わせる際に水を加えず、又は少量の水を加える方法で素材を混ぜ合わせることで濃縮状態とする方法が好ましい。又、この現像液濃縮物は、特開昭51−61837号、特開平2−109042号、同2−109043号、同3−39735号、同5−142786号、同6−266062号、同7−13341号等に記載される、従来よく知られた方法にて、顆粒状、錠剤とすることができる。
【0050】
固形状もしくはペースト状の現像液濃縮物に含まれる素材は、通常の平版印刷版材料の現像液に用いられる成分を使用することができるが、水で希釈しても元に戻らないものは含まない方が好ましい。例えば、珪酸塩は水分が低くなると石化し水に溶け難くなるので、珪酸塩の代わりに後述の炭酸塩、燐酸塩、有機酸塩等を含むことが好ましい。
【0051】
これらの現像液の濃縮液もしくは固形状もしくはペースト状濃縮物は、素材種や素材配合比等の異なる複数のパートに分けてもよい。濃縮した現像液濃縮物は、現像前に水で所定の濃度に希釈した後現像に使用することが好ましい。又、この現像液濃縮液又は濃縮物を現像補充液として用いる場合は、所定の濃度に水で希釈した後、使用中の現像液に投入することが最も好ましいが、所定の濃度より濃い濃度や、所定の濃度に希釈せず、そのまま使用中の現像液に投入することも可能である。この場合は、同じタイミング又は別のタイミングで使用中の現像液に、直接、別途に水を添加してもよい。
【0052】
(自動現像機)
現像処理には、通常、自動現像機が用いられる。好ましくは現像浴に自動的に補充液を必要量補充する機構が付与されており、好ましくは一定量を超える現像液は排出される機構が付与されており、好ましくは現像浴に自動的に水を必要量補充する機構が付与されており、好ましくは通版(通過版材)を検知する機構が付与されており、好ましくは通版の検知を基に版の処理面積を推定する機構が付与されており、好ましくは通版の検知及び/又は処理面積の推定を基に補充しようとする補充液及び/又は水の補充量、及び/又は補充タイミングを制御する機構が付与されており、好ましくは現像液の温度を制御する機構が付与されており、好ましくは現像液のpH及び/又は電導度を検知する機構が付与されており、好ましくは現像液のpH及び/又は電導度を基に補充しようとする補充液及び/又は水の補充量及び/又は補充タイミングを制御する機構が付与されている。
【0053】
自動現像機は、現像工程の前に前処理液に版を浸漬させる前処理部を有してもよい。この前処理部は、好ましくは版面に前処理液をスプレーする機構が付与されており、好ましくは前処理液の温度を25〜55℃の任意の温度に制御する機構が付与されており、好ましくは版面をローラー状のブラシにより擦る機構が付与されている。この前処理液としては水などが用いられる。
【0054】
(後処理)
かかる組成の現像液で現像処理された版は、版面保護剤として、水洗水、界面活性剤等を含有するリンス液、アラビアガムや澱粉誘導体等を主成分とするフィニッシャーや保護ガム液で後処理を施される。本発明の平版印刷版材料の後処理には、これらの処理を種々組み合わせて用いることができ、例えば現像→水洗→界面活性剤を含有するリンス液処理や、現像→水洗→フィニッシャー液による処理が、リンス液やフィニッシャー液の疲労が少なく好ましい。更に、リンス液やフィニッシャー液を用いた向流多段処理も好ましい態様である。これらの後処理は、一般に現像部と後処理部とから成る自動現像機を用いて行われる。後処理液は、スプレーノズルから吹き付ける方法、処理液が満たされた処理槽中を浸漬搬送する方法が用いられる。又、現像後一定量の少量の水洗水を版面に供給して水洗し、その廃液を現像液原液の希釈水として再利用する方法も知られている。このような自動処理においては、各処理液に処理量や稼働時間等に応じてそれぞれの補充液を補充しながら処理することができる。又、実質的に未使用の後処理液で処理する、いわゆる使い捨て処理方式も適用できる。
【0055】
このような処理によって得られた平版印刷版は、オフセット印刷機に掛けられ、多数枚の印刷に用いられる。
【0056】
(ガム液)
ガム液は、現像液のアルカリ成分除去のため酸や緩衝剤を添加することが好ましく、その他に親水性高分子化合物、キレート剤、潤滑剤、防腐剤及び可溶化剤等を添加することができる。ガム液に親水性高分子化合物を含む場合は、現像後の印刷版の傷や汚れを防ぐ保護剤としての機能も付加される。
【0057】
本発明に用いるガム液中に界面活性剤を添加することにより、塗布層の面状等が良化する。使用できる界面活性剤としては、アニオン界面活性剤及び/又はノニオン界面活性剤が挙げられる。
【0058】
アニオン界面活性剤としては、前記現像液に添加できるアニオン界面活性剤が挙げられる。これらの中でも、ジアルキルスルホ琥珀酸塩類、アルキル硫酸エステル塩類及びアルキルナフタレンスルホン酸塩類が特に好ましく用いられる。
【0059】
ノニオン界面活性剤としても、前記現像液に添加できるノニオン界面活性剤が挙げられる。その中でも、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル類、ポリオキシエチレン−ポリオキシプロピレンブロックポリマー類等が好ましく用いられる。
【0060】
又、弗素系、シリコン系のアニオン、ノニオン界面活性剤も同様に使用することができる。これら界面活性剤は2種以上併用することもできる。例えば互いに異なる2種以上を併用することもできる。例えば互いに異なる2種以上のアニオン界面活性剤の併用やアニオン界面活性剤とノニオン界面活性剤の併用が好ましい。上記界面活性剤の使用量は特に限定する必要はないが、好ましくは後処理液の0.01〜20質量%である。
【0061】
ガム液には、上記成分の他、必要により潤滑剤として多価アルコール、アルコール及び脂肪族炭化水素を用いることができる。
【0062】
多価アルコールの内、好ましい具体例としてエチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、テトラエチレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール、グリセリン、ソルビトール等が挙げられ、アルコールとしては、プロピルアルコール、ブチルアルコール、ペンタノール、ヘキサノール、ヘプタノール、オクタノール等のアルキルアルコール、ペンジルアルコール、フェノキシエタノール及びフェニルアミノエチルアルコール等の芳香環を有するアルコールが挙げられる。
【0063】
脂肪族炭化水素としては、例えばヘキサノール、メチルアミルアルコール、2−エチルブタノール、ヘプタノール、3−ヘプタノール、2−オクタノール、2−エチルヘキサノール、ノナノール、3,5,5−トリメチルヘキサノール、デカノール、ウンデカノール、ドデカノール、トリメチルノニルアルコール、テトラデカノール、ヘプタデカノール、2−エチル−1,3−ヘキサンジオール、1,6−ヘキサンジオール、2,5−ヘキサンジオール、2,4−ヘキサンジオール、1,8−オクタンジオール、1,9−ノナンジオール、1,10−デカンジオール等が挙げられる。これらの潤滑剤の含有量は、組成物中に0.1〜50質量%、より好ましくは0.5〜3.0質量%が適当である。
【0064】
上記成分の他、必要により湿潤剤としてエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、ブチレングリコール、ヘキシレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、グリセリン、トリメチロールプロパン、ジグリセリン等が好適に用いられる。これらの湿潤剤は単独で用いてもよいが、2種以上併用してもよい。一般に、上記湿潤剤は1〜25質量%の量で使用するのが好ましい。
【0065】
皮膜形成性を向上させる目的で種々の親水性高分子を含有することができる。この様な親水性高分子としては、従来よりガム液に使用し得るとされるものであれば好適に使用できる。例えばアラビアガム、繊維素誘導体(カルボキシメチルセルロース、カルボキシエチルセルロース、メチルセルロース等)及びその変性体、ポリビニルアルコール及びその誘導体、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリアクリルアミド及びその共重合体、ビニルメチルエーテル/無水マレイン酸共重合体、酢酸ビニル/無水マレイン酸共重合体、スチレン/無水マレイン酸共重合体等が挙げられる。
【0066】
本発明に用いられるガム液は、一般的には酸性領域pH3〜6の範囲で使用することが有利である。pHを3〜6にするためには、一般的には後処理液中に鉱酸、有機酸又は無機塩等を添加して調節する。その添加量は0.01〜2質量%が好ましい。鉱酸としては硝酸、硫酸、燐酸及びメタ燐酸等が挙げられる。又、有機酸としては、枸櫞酸、酢酸、蓚酸、マロン酸、p−トルエンスルホン酸、酒石酸、リンゴ酸、乳酸、レブリン酸、フィチン酸及び有機ホスホン酸等が挙げられる。更に、無機塩としては、硝酸マグネシウム、第1燐酸ナトリウム、第2燐酸ナトリウム、硫酸ニッケル、ヘキサメタン酸ナトリウム、トリポリ燐酸ナトリウム等が挙げられる。鉱酸、有機酸又は無機塩等の少なくとも1種もしくは2種以上を併用してもよい。
【0067】
ガム液には、防腐剤、消泡剤等を添加することができる。例えば防腐剤としてはヒドロキシ安息香酸アルキルエステル、フェノール又はその誘導体(フェニルフェノール、フェニルクロロフェノール等)、ホルマリン、イミダゾール誘導体、デヒドロ酢酸ナトリウム、4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン誘導体、ベンゾイソチアゾリン−3−オン、ベンゾトリアゾール誘導体、アミジングアニジン誘導体、四級アンモニウム塩類、ピリジン、キノリン、グアニジン等の誘導体、ダイアジン、トリアゾール誘導体、オキサゾール、オキサジン誘導体等が挙げられる。好ましい添加量は、細菌、黴、酵母等に対して安定に効力を発揮する量であって、細菌、黴、酵母の種類によっても異なるが、使用時の印刷版面保護剤に対して0.01〜4質量%の範囲が好ましく、又、種々の黴、殺菌に対して効力のある様に2種以上の防腐剤を併用することが好ましい。又、消泡剤としてはシリコン消泡剤が好ましい。その中で、乳化分散型及び可溶化等が何れも使用できる。好ましくは、使用時のガム液に対して0.01〜1.0質量%範囲が最適である。
【0068】
更にキレート化合物を添加してもよい。好ましいキレート化合物としては、エチレンジアミン四酢酸、そのカリウム塩、ナトリウム塩;ジエチレントリアミン五酢酸、そのカリウム塩、ナトリウム塩;トリエチレンテトラミンヘキサ酢酸、そのナトリウム塩;エチレンジアミンジコハク酸、そのカリウム塩、そのナトリウム塩;トリエチレンテトラミンヘキサ酢酸、そのカリウム塩、そのナトリウム塩、ヒドロキシエチルエチレンジアミントリ酢酸、そのカリウム塩、そのナトリウム塩:ニトリロトリ酢酸、そのナトリウム塩;1−ヒドロキシエタン−1,1−ジホスホン酸、そのカリウム塩、そのナトリウム塩;アミノトリ(メチレンホスホン酸)、そのカリウム塩、そのナトリウム塩等の様な有機ホスホン酸類或いはホスホノアルカントリカルボン酸類を挙げることが出来る。
【0069】
上記キレート剤のナトリウム塩、カリウム塩の代わりに有機アミンの塩も有効である。これらキレート剤はガム液組成中に安定に存在し、印刷性を阻害しないものが選ばれる。添加量としては使用時のガム液に対して0.001〜1.0質量%が適当である。
【0070】
上記成分の他、必要により感脂化剤も添加することができる。例えばテレピン油、キシレン、トルエン、ローヘプタン、ソルベントナフサ、ケロシン、ミネラルスピリット、沸点が約120℃〜約250℃の石油溜分等の炭化水素類;ジブチルフタレート、ジヘプチルフタレート、ジオクチルフタレート、ジ(2−エチルヘキシル)フタレート、ジノニルフタレート、ジデシルフタレート、ジラウリルフタレート、ブチルベンジルフタレート等のフタル酸ジエステル類;ジオクチルアジペート、ブチルグリコールアジペート、ジオクチルアゼレート、ジブチルセバケート、ジ(2−エチルヘキシル)セバケート、ジオクチルセバケート等の脂肪族二塩基酸エステル類;エポキシ化大豆油等のエポキシ化トリグリセリド類;トリクレジルホスフェート、トリオクチルホスフェート、トリスクロルエチルホスフェート等の燐酸エステル類;安息香酸ベンジル等の安息香酸エステル類等の凝固点が15℃以下、1013hPa下での沸点が300℃以上の可塑剤が含まれる。
【0071】
更にカプロン酸、エナント酸、カプリル酸、ヘラルゴン酸、カプリン酸、ウンデシル酸、ラウリン酸、トリデシル酸、ミリスチン酸、ペンタデシル酸、パルミチン酸、ヘプタデシル酸、ステアリン酸、ノナデカン酸、アラキン酸、ベヘン酸、リグノセリン酸、セロチン酸、ヘプタコサン酸、モンタン酸、メリシン酸、ラクセル酸、イソ吉草酸等の飽和脂肪酸とアクリル酸、クロトン酸、イソクロトン酸、ウンデシレン酸、オレイン酸、エライジン酸、セトレイン酸、ニルカ酸、ブテシジン酸、ソルビン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸、アラキドン酸、プロピオール酸、ステアロール酸、イワシ酸、タリリン酸、リカン酸等の不飽和脂肪酸も挙げられる。より好ましくは50℃において液体である脂肪酸であり、更に好ましくは炭素数が5〜25であり、最も好ましくは炭素数が8〜21である。
【0072】
これらの感脂化剤は1種もしくは2種以上併用することも出来る。使用量として好ましい範囲はガムの0.01〜10質量%、より好ましくは0.05〜5質量%である。
【0073】
上記の様な感脂化剤は、ガムを乳化分散型としておき、その油相として含有させてもよく、又、可溶化剤の助けを借りて可溶化してもよい。
【0074】
ガム液の固型分濃度は5〜30g/Lが好ましい。ガム膜厚量は自現機のスクイズ手段の条件で制御できる。ガム塗布量は1〜10g/m2が好ましい。ガム塗布量は10g/m2を超えると、短時間で乾燥するためには印刷版面を非常に高温にする必要があり、コスト上、安全上不利であり、又、本発明の効果が十分に得られない。一方、1g/m2を下回ると均一塗布が難しくなり、安定した処理性が得られない。
【0075】
本発明においては、ガム液の塗布終了から乾燥開始までの時間は3秒以下であることが好ましい。更に好ましくは2秒以下であり、この時間が短い程インキ着肉性が向上する。
【0076】
又、乾燥時間は1〜5秒が好ましい。乾燥時間が5秒より長い時は本発明の効果が得られない。又、乾燥時間が1秒未満の場合には、平版印刷版を十分に乾燥するために印刷版面を非常に高温にする必要があり、安全上、コスト上好ましくない。乾燥方式としては、温風ヒーター、遠赤外線ヒーターなど公知の乾燥方式を用いることができる。
【0077】
乾燥工程ではガム液中の溶媒が乾燥される必要がある。そのために、十分な乾燥温度とヒーター容量を確保する必要がある。乾燥に必要な温度はガム液の成分によって異なるが、溶媒が水であるガム液の場合は、通常、乾燥温度は55℃以上であることが好ましい。ヒーター容量は乾燥温度よりも重要な場合が多く、その容量は温風乾燥方式の場合は2.6kW以上が好ましい。容量は大きいほど良いが、コストとのバランスで2.6〜7kWが好ましい。
【0078】
(現像前水洗)
現像前の洗浄工程で用いる洗浄液は、通常、水であるが、必要に応じて以下の添加剤を加えることができる。
【0079】
キレート剤としては、金属イオンと配位結合してキレート化合物を形成する化合物を用いる。エチレンジアミン四酢酸、そのカリウム塩、ナトリウム塩、エチレンジアミンジ琥珀酸、そのカリウム塩、ナトリウム塩、トリエチレンテトラミンヘキサ酢酸、そのカリウム塩、ナトリウム塩、ジエチレントリアミンペンタ酢酸、そのカリウム塩、ナトリウム塩、ヒドロキシエチルエチレンジアミントリ酢酸、そのカリウム塩、ナトリウム塩、ニトリオトリ酢酸、そのカリウム塩、ナトリウム塩、1−ヒドロキシエタン−1,1−ジホスホン酸、そのカリウム塩、ナトリウム塩、アミノトリ(メチレンホスホン酸)、そのカリウム塩、ナトリウム塩、ホスホノアルカントリカルボン酸、エチレンジアミンジ琥珀酸、そのカリウム塩、ナトリウム塩等が挙げられる。これらのキレート剤はカリウム塩及びナトリウム塩の代わりに有機アミン塩を有するものも有効である。キレート剤の添加量は0〜3.0質量%の範囲が適当である。
【0080】
界面活性剤としては、アニオン、ノニオン、カチオン及び両性の何れの界面活性剤も用いることができるが、アニオン又はノニオン界面活性剤が好ましい。好ましい界面活性剤の種類はオーバーコート層や感光層の組成によって異なり、一般に、オーバーコート層素材の溶解促進剤となり、感光層成分の溶解性が小さいものが好ましい。
【0081】
アニオン界面活性剤、ノニオン界面活性剤としては、前記現像液に添加できる、それぞれの界面活性剤が挙げられる。界面活性剤の好ましい添加量は0〜10質量%である。又、界面活性剤に消泡剤を併用することもできる。
【0082】
防腐剤としては、フェノール又はその誘導体、ホルマリン、イミダゾール誘導体、デヒドロ酢酸ナトリウム、4−イソチアゾリン−3−オン誘導体、ベンゾイソチアゾリン−3−オン、ベンゾトリアゾール誘導体、アミジン誘導体、4級アンモニウム塩類、ピロジン,キノリン,グアニジン等の誘導体、ダイアジン、トリアゾール誘導体、オキサゾール,オキサジン誘導体等が挙げられる。
【0083】
現像前洗浄に用いる洗浄液は温度を調節して用いることが好ましく、該温度は10〜60℃の範囲が好ましい。洗浄の方法は、スプレー、ディップ、塗布等公知の処理液供給技術を用いることができ、適宜ブラシや絞りロール、ディップ処理における液中シャワーなどの処理促進手段を用いることができる。
【0084】
現像前洗浄工程終了後、直ちに現像処理を行ってもよく、又、現像前洗浄工程の後に乾燥させてから現像処理を行ってもよい。現像工程の後は、水洗、リンス、ガム引き等公知の後処理を行うことができる。一度以上使用した現像前水洗水は、現像後の水洗水やリンス液、ガム液に再使用することができる。
【0085】
次に、感光性平版印刷版について説明する。
本発明に用いる感光性平版印刷版は、アルミニウム支持体表面に感光層を形成したもので、該感光層はエチレン性不飽和結合含有単量体(以下、エチレン性不飽和単量体と記す)、光重合開始剤及び高分子結合材(バインダー)から成る。
【0086】
(光重合開始剤)
好ましい光重合開始剤として、トリハロメチル基含有化合物、チタノセン化合物、モノアルキルトリアリールボレート化合物、鉄アレーン錯体化合物が挙げられるが、本発明においては下記一般式(1)又は(2)で表される臭素化合物の使用が好ましい。
【0087】
一般式(1) R1CBr2−COR2
式中、R1は水素原子、臭素原子、アルキル基、アリール基、アシル基、アルキルスルホニル基、アリールスルホニル基又はシアノ基を表し、R2は1価の置換基を表す。R1とR2が互いに結合して環を形成してもよい。
【0088】
一般式(2) CBr3−CO−X−R3
式中、R3は1価の置換基を表す。XはO又はNR4を表し、R4は水素原子又はアルキル基を表す。R3とR4が互いに結合して環を形成してもよい。
【0089】
一般式(1)又は(2)で表される化合物の具体例は、特願2003−20330の段落「0120」〜「0127」にBR1〜BR66として記載されている。
【0090】
チタノセン化合物としては、特開昭63−41483号、特開平2−291号に記載される化合物などが挙げられるが、更に好ましい具体例としては、ビス(シクロペンタジエニル)−Ti−ジ−クロライド、ビス(シクロペンタジエニル)−Ti−ビス−フェニル、ビス(シクロペンタジエニル)−Ti−ビス−2,3,4,5,6−ペンタフルオロフェニル、ビス(シクロペンタジエニル)−Ti−ビス−2,3,5,6−テトラフルオロフェニル、ビス(シクロペンタジエニル)−Ti−ビス−2,4,6−トリフルオロフェニル、ビス(シクロペンタジエニル)−Ti−ビス−2,6−ジフルオロフェニル、ビス(シクロペンタジエニル)−Ti−ビス−2,4−ジフルオロフェニル、ビス(メチルシクロペンタジエニル)−Ti−ビス−2,3,4,5,6−ペンタフルオロフェニル、ビス(メチルシクロペンタジエニル)−Ti−ビス−2,3,5,6−テトラフルオロフェニル、ビス(メチルシクロペンタジエニル)−Ti−ビス−2,6−ジフルオロフェニル(IRUGACURE727L:チバスペシャリティーケミカルズ社製)、ビス(シクロペンタジエニル)−ビス(2,6−ジフルオロ−3−(ピリ−1−イル)フェニル)チタニウム(IRUGACURE784:チバスペシャリティーケミカルズ社製)、ビス(シクロペンタジエニル)−ビス(2,4,6−トリフルオロ−3−(ピリ−1−イル)フェニル)チタニウムビス(シクロペンタジエニル)−ビス(2,4,6−トリフルオロ−3−(2−5−ジメチルピリ−1−イル)フェニル)チタニウム等が挙げられる。
【0091】
モノアルキルトリアリールボレート化合物としては、特開昭62−150242号、同62−143044号に記載される化合物が挙げられるが、更に好ましい具体例としては、テトラブチルアンモニウム・ブチル−トリナフタレン−1−イル−ボレート、テトラブチルアンモニウム・ブチル−トリフェニル−ボレート、テトラブチルアンモニウム・ブチル−トリ(4−t−ブチルフェニル)−ボレート、テトラブチルアンモニウム・ヘキシル−トリ(3−クロロ−4−メチルフェニル)−ボレート、テトラブチルアンモニウム・ヘキシル−トリ(3−フルオロフェニル)−ボレート等が挙げられる。
【0092】
鉄アレーン錯体化合物としては、特開昭59−219307号に記載される化合物等挙げられるが、更に好ましい具体例としては、η−ベンゼン−(η−シクロペンタジエニル)鉄・ヘキサフルオロホスフェート、η−クメン−(η−シクロペンタジエニル)鉄・ヘキサフルオロホスフェート、η−フルオレン−(η−シクロペンタジエニル)鉄・ヘキサフルオロホスフェート、η−ナフタレン−(η−シクロペンタジエニル)鉄・ヘキサフルオロホスフェート、η−キシレン−(η−シクロペンタジエニル)鉄・ヘキサフルオロホスフェート、η−ベンゼン−(η−シクロペンタジエニル)鉄・テトラフルオロボレート等が挙げられる。
【0093】
その他にも任意の光重合開始剤の併用が可能である。例えばJ.コーサー(J.Kosar)著「ライト・センシテイブ・システムズ」第5章に記載されるようなカルボニル化合物、有機硫黄化合物、過硫化物、レドックス系化合物、アゾ並びにジアゾ化合物、ハロゲン化合物、光還元性色素などが挙げられる。更に具体的な化合物は英国特許1,459,563号に開示される。
【0094】
即ち、併用が可能な光重合開始剤としては、次のようなものを使用できる。
ベンゾインメチルエーテル、ベンゾイン−i−プロピルエーテル、α,α−ジメトキシ−α−フェニルアセトフェノン等のベンゾイン誘導体;ベンゾフェノン、2,4−ジクロロベンゾフェノン、o−ベンゾイル安息香酸メチル、4,4′−ビス(ジメチルアミノ)ベンゾフェノン等のベンゾフェノン誘導体;2−クロロチオキサントン、2−i−プロピルチオキサントン等のチオキサントン誘導体;2−クロロアントラキノン、2−メチルアントラキノン等のアントラキノン誘導体;N−メチルアクリドン、N−ブチルアクリドン等のアクリドン誘導体;α,α−ジエトキシアセトフェノン、ベンジル、フルオレノン、キサントン、ウラニル化合物の他、特公昭59−1281号、同61−9621号ならびに特開昭60−60104号記載のトリアジン誘導体;特開昭59−1504号、同61−243807号記載の有機過酸化物;特公昭43−23684号、同44−6413号、同44−6413号、同47−1604号ならびに米国特許3,567,453号記載のジアゾニウム化合物;米国特許2,848,328号、同2,852,379号ならびに同2,940,853号記載の有機アジド化合物;特公昭36−22062b号、同37−13109号、同38−18015号ならびに同45−9610号記載のo−キノンジアジド類;特公昭55−39162号、特開昭59−14023号ならびに「マクロモレキュルス(Macromolecules)」10巻,1307頁(1977年)記載の各種オニウム化合物;特開昭59−142205号記載のアゾ化合物;特開平1−54440号、ヨーロッパ特許109,851号、同126,712号ならびに「ジャーナル・オブ・イメージング・サイエンス(J.Imag.Sci.)」30巻,174頁(1986年)記載の金属アレン錯体;特願平4−56831号及び同4−89535号記載の(オキソ)スルホニウム有機硼素錯体;「コーディネーション・ケミストリー・レビュー(Coordination ChemistryReview)」84巻,85〜277頁」(1988年)ならびに特開平2−182701号記載のルテニウム等の遷移金属を含有する遷移金属錯体;特開平3−209477号記載の2,4,5−トリアリールイミダゾール二量体;四臭化炭素、特開昭59−107344号記載の有機ハロゲン化合物、等。
【0095】
本発明においては、異種の光重合開始剤の併用が好ましい。
(増感色素)
光源にレーザー光を用いる場合、好ましくは感光層に増感色素を添加する。光源の波長付近に吸収極大波長を有する色素を用いることが好ましい。
【0096】
可視光〜近赤外までの波長増感させる化合物、即ち350〜1300nmの間に吸収極大を有する色素としては、例えばシアニン、フタロシアニン、メロシアニン、ポルフィリン、スピロ化合物、フェロセン、フルオレン、フルギド、イミダゾール、ペリレン、フェナジン、フェノチアジン、ポリエン、キサンテン、アゾ化合物、ジフェニルメタン、トリフェニルメタン、ポリメチンアクリジン、クマリン、クマリン誘導体、ケトクマリン、キナクリドン、インジゴ、スチリル、ピリリウム化合物、ピロメテン化合物、ピラゾロトリアゾール化合物、ベンゾチアゾール化合物、バルビツール酸誘導体、チオバルビツール酸誘導体等、ケトアルコールボレート錯体等が挙げられ、更に欧州特許568,993号、米国特許4,508,811号、同5,227,227号、特開2001−125255号、特開平11−271969号等に記載の化合物も用いられる。
【0097】
上記の光重合開始剤と増感色素の組合せの具体例としては、特開2001−125255号、特開平11−271969号に記載のある組合せが挙げられる。
【0098】
更に、光源のレーザー光として380〜430nmの範囲に発光波長を有する半導体レーザー、所謂バイオレットレーザーを用いた記録を行う場合は、350〜450nmの間に吸収極大有する色素を含有させることが望ましい。350〜450nmの間に吸収極大有する色素としては構造上特に制約は無いが、上記で述べたシアニン、フタロシアニン、メロシアニン、ポルフィリン、スピロ化合物、フェロセン、フルオレン、フルギド、イミダゾール、ペリレン、フェナジン、フェノチアジン、ポリエン、アゾ化合物、ジフェニルメタン、トリフェニルメタン、ポリメチンアクリジン、クマリン、クマリン誘導体、ケトクマリン、キナクリドン、インジゴ、スチリル、ピリリウム化合物、ピロメテン化合物、ピラゾロトリアゾール化合物、ベンゾチアゾール化合物、バルビツール酸誘導体、チオバルビツール酸誘導体等、ケトアルコールボレート錯体等の色素群は、吸収極大がその要件を充たす限り、何れも使用可能である。具体的には、特開2002−296764、同2002−268239、同2002−268238、同2002−268204、同2002−221790、同2002−202598、同2001−42524、同2000−309724、同2000−258910、同2000−206690、同2000−147763、同2000−98605等に記載の色素を挙げることが出来るが、これに限定されない。
【0099】
これら光重合開始剤の配合量は特に限定されないが、好ましくは付加重合又は架橋可能な化合物100質合部に対して0.1〜20質量部である。又、光重合開始剤と増感色素の配合比率は、モル比で1:100〜100:1の範囲が好ましい。
【0100】
(エチレン性不飽和単量体)
エチレン性不飽和単量体には、一般的なラジカル重合性のモノマー類、紫外線硬化樹脂に一般的に用いられる分子内に付加重合可能なエチレン性二重結合を複数有する多官能モノマー類や、多官能オリゴマー類を用いることができる。
【0101】
該化合物に限定はないが、好ましいものとして、例えば2−エチルヘキシルアクリレート、2−ヒドロキシプロピルアクリレート、グリセロールアクリレート、テトラヒドロフルフリルアクリレート、フェノキシエチルアクリレート、ノニルフェノキシエチルアクリレート、テトラヒドロフルフリルオキシエチルアクリレート、テトラヒドロフルフリルオキシヘキサノリドアクリレート、あるいはこれらのアクリレートをメタクリレート、イタコネート、クロトネート、マレエートに代えたメタクリル酸、イタコン酸、クロトン酸、マレイン酸エステル;例えばエチレングリコールジアクリレート、トリエチレングルコールジアクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールジアクリレート、ハイドロキノンジアクリレート、レゾルシンジアクリレート、ヘキサンジオールジアクリレート、ネオペンチルグリコールジアクリレート、トリプロピレングリコールジアクリレート、ヒドロキシピバリン酸ネオペンチルグリコールのジアクリレート、ネオペンチルグリコールアジペートのジアクリレート、ヒドロキシピバリン酸ネオペンチルグリコールのε−カプロラクトン付加物のジアクリレート、2−(2−ヒドロキシ−1,1−ジメチルエチル)−5−ヒドロキシメチル−5−エチル−1,3−ジオキサンジアクリレート、トリシクロデカンジメチロールアクリレート、トリシクロデカンジメチロールアクリレートのε−カプロラクトン付加物、1,6−ヘキサンジオールのジグリシジルエーテルのジアクリレート等の2官能アクリル酸エステル類、あるいはこれらのアクリレートをメタクリレート、イタコネート、クロトネート、マレエートに代えたメタクリル酸、イタコン酸、クロトン酸、マレイン酸エステル;例えばトリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート、ジトリメチロールプロパンテトラアクリレート、トリメチロールエタントリアクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールテトラアクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールテトラアクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールペンタアクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサアクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサアクリレートのε−カプロラクトン付加物、ピロガロールトリアクリレート、プロピオン酸・ジペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレート、プロピオン酸・ジペンタエリスリトールテトラアクリレート、ヒドロキシピバリルアルデヒド変性ジメチロールプロパントリアクリレート等の多官能アクリル酸エステル酸、あるいはこれらのアクリレートをメタクリレート、イタコネート、クロトネート、マレエートに代えたメタクリル酸、イタコン酸、クロトン酸、マレイン酸エステル等を挙げることができる。
【0102】
又、プレポリマーも上記同様に使用することができる。プレポリマーとしては後述する様な化合物等が挙げることができ、又、適当な分子量のオリゴマーにアクリル酸、又はメタクリル酸を導入し、光重合性を付与したプレポリマーも好適に使用できる。これらプレポリマーは、1種又は2種以上を併用してもよいし、上述の単量体及び/又はオリゴマーと混合して用いてもよい。
【0103】
プレポリマーとしては、例えばアジピン酸、トリメリット酸、マレイン酸、フタル酸、テレフタル酸、ハイミック酸、マロン酸、琥珀酸、グルタール酸、イタコン酸、ピロメリット酸、フマル酸、グルタール酸、ピメリン酸、セバシン酸、ドデカン酸、テトラヒドロフタル酸等の多塩基酸と、エチレングリコール、プロピレングルコール、ジエチレングリコール、プロピレンオキサイド、1,4−ブタンジオール、トリエチレングリコール、テトラエチレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール、グリセリン、トリメチロールプロパン、ペンタエリスリトール、ソルビトール、1,6−ヘキサンジオール、1,2,6−ヘキサントリオール等の多価のアルコールの結合で得られるポリエステルに(メタ)アクリル酸を導入したポリエステルアクリレート類、例えばビスフェノールA・エピクロルヒドリン・(メタ)アクリル酸、フェノールノボラック・エピクロルヒドリン・(メタ)アクリル酸のようにエポキシ樹脂に(メタ)アクリル酸を導入したエポキシアクリレート類、例えば、エチレングリコール・アジピン酸・トリレンジイソシアネート・2−ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート、ポリエチレングリコール・トリレンジイソシアネート・2−ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート、ヒドロキシエチルフタリルメタクリレート・キシレンジイソシアネート、1,2−ポリブタジエングリコール・トリレンジイソシアネート・2−ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート、トリメチロールプロパン・プロピレングリコール・トリレンジイソシアネート・2−ヒドロキシエチルアクリレートのように、ウレタン樹脂に(メタ)アクリル酸を導入したウレタンアクリレート、例えばポリシロキサンアクリレート、ポリシロキサン・ジイソシアネート・2−ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート等のシリコーン樹脂アクリレート類、その他、油変性アルキッド樹脂に(メタ)アクリロイル基を導入したアルキッド変性アクリレート類、スピラン樹脂アクリレート類等のプレポリマーが挙げられる。
【0104】
本発明に係る感光性組成物には、ホスファゼンモノマー、トリエチレングリコール、イソシアヌール酸EO(エチレンオキシド)変性ジアクリレート、イソシアヌール酸EO変性トリアクリレート、ジメチロールトリシクロデカンジアクリレート、トリメチロールプロパンアクリル酸安息香酸エステル、アルキレングリコールタイプアクリル酸変性、ウレタン変性アクリレート等の単量体及び該単量体から形成される構成単位を有する付加重合性のオリゴマー及びプレポリマーを含有することができる。
【0105】
更に、本発明に用いられるエチレン性不飽和単量体として、少なくとも一つの(メタ)アクリロイル基を含有する燐酸エステル化合物が挙げられる。該化合物は、燐酸の水酸基の少なくとも一部がエステル化された化合物であり、しかも、(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する限り特に限定されない。
【0106】
その他に、特開昭58−212994号、同61−6649号、同62−46688号、同62−48589号、同62−173295号、同62−187092号、同63−67189号、特開平1−244891号等に記載の化合物などを挙げることができ、更に「11290の化学商品」化学工業日報社,286〜294頁に記載の化合物、「UV・EB硬化ハンドブック(原料編)」高分子刊行会,11〜65頁に記載の化合物なども本発明においては好適に用いることができる。これらの中で、分子内に2以上の(メタ)アクリル基を有する化合物が本発明においては好ましく、更に分子量が10,000以下、より好ましくは5,000以下のものが好ましい。
【0107】
又、本発明では、分子内に3級アミノ基を含有する付加重合可能なエチレン性二重結合含有単量体を使用することが好ましい。構造上の限定は特にないが、水酸基を有する3級アミン化合物を、グリシジルメタクリレート、メタクリル酸クロリド、アクリル酸クロリド等で変性したものが好ましく用いられる。具体的には、特開平1−165613号、公開平1−203413号、公開平1−197213号に記載の集合可能な化合物等が好ましく用いられる。
【0108】
更に本発明では、分子内に3級アミノ基を含有する多価アルコール、ジイソシアネート化合物、及び分子内にヒドロキシル基と付加重合可能なエチレン性二重結合を含有する化合物の反応生成物を使用することが好ましい。
【0109】
ここで言う、分子内に3級アミノ基を含有する多価アルコールとしては、トリエタノールアミン、N−メチルジエタノールアミン、N−エチルジエタノールアミン、N−ブチルジエタノールアミン、N−t−ブチルジエタノールアミン、N,N−ジ(ヒドロキシエチル)アニリン、N,N,N′,N′−テトラ−2−ヒドロキシプロピルエチレンジアミン、p−トリルジエタノールアミン、N,N,N′,N′−テトラ−2−ヒドロキシエチルエチレンジアミン、N,N−ビス(2−ヒドロキシプロピル)アニリン、アリルジエタノールアミン、3−(ジメチルアミノ)−1,2−プロパンジオール、3−ジエチルアミノ−1,2−プロパンジオール、N,N−ジプロピルアミノ−2,3−プロパンジオール、N,N−ジ(i−プロピル)アミノ−2,3−プロパンジオール、3−(N−メチル−N−ベンジルアミノ)−1,2−プロパンジオール等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
【0110】
ジイソシアネート化合物としては、ブタン−1,4−ジイソシアネート、ヘキサン−1,6−ジイソシアネート、2−メチルペンタン−1,5−ジイソシアネート、オクタン−1,8−ジイソシアネート、1,3−ジイソシアナートメチル−シクロヘキサノン、2,2,4−トリメチルヘキサン−1,6−ジイソシアネート、イソホロンジイソシアネート、1,2−フェニレンジイソシアネート、1,3−フェニレンジイソシアネート、1,4−フェニレンジイソシアネート、トリレン−2,4−ジイソシアネート、トリレン−2,5−ジイソシアネート、トリレン−2,6−ジイソシアネート、1,3−ジ(イソシアナトメチル)ベンゼン、1,3−ビス(1−イソシアナト−1−メチルエチル)ベンゼン等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
【0111】
分子内にヒドロキシル基と付加重合可能なエチレン性二重結合を含有する化合物としては、後記MH−1〜MH−13等の化合物等が挙げられるが、これに限定されない。好ましくは、2−ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート、2−ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート、4−ヒドロキシブチルアクリレート、2−ヒドロキシプロピレン−1,3−ジメタクリレート、2−ヒドロキシプロピレン−1−メタクリレート−3−アクリレート等が挙げられる。これらの反応は、通常のジオール化合物、ジイソシアネート化合物、ヒドロキシル基含有アクリレート化合物の反応で、ウレタンアクリレートを合成する方法と同様に行うことが出来る。
【0112】
又、これらの分子内に三級アミノ基を含有する多価アルコール、ジイソシアネート化合物、及び分子内にヒドロキシル基と付加重合可能なエチレン性二重結合を含有する化合物の反応生成物の具体例を以下に示す。
【0113】
M−1:トリエタノールアミン/ヘキサン−1,6−ジイソシアネート/2−ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(1/3/3モル)の反応生成物
M−2:トリエタノールアミン/イソホロンジイソシアネート/2−ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート(1/3/3モル)の反応生成物
M−3:N−ブチルジエタノールアミン/1,3−ビス(1−イソシアナート−1−メチルエチル)ベンゼン/2−ヒドロキシプロピレン−1−メタクリレート−3−アクリレート(1/2/2モル)の反応生成物
M−4:N−ブチルジエタノールアミン/1,3−ジ(イソシアナートメチル)ベンゼン/2−ヒドロキシプロピレン−1−メタクリレート−3−アクリレート(1/2/2モル)の反応生成物
M−5:N−メチルジエタノールアミン/トリレン−2,4−ジイソシアネート/2−ヒドロキシプロピレン−1,3−ジメタクリレート(1/2/2モル)の反応生成物
この他にも、特開平1−105238号、同2−127404号記載のアクリレート又はアルキルアクリレートが用いることが出来る。
【0114】
本発明の平版印刷版材料においては、上記の単量体を感光層の感光性組成物全量の1.0〜80.0質量%の範囲で含有するのが好ましく、より好ましくは3.0〜70.0質量%の範囲である。
【0115】
(高分子結合材)
感光層に用いられる高分子結合材としては、アクリル系重合体、ポリビニルブチラール樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、フェノール樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリビニルブチラール樹脂、ポリビニルホルマール樹脂、シェラック、その他の天然樹脂等が使用できる。又、これらを2種以上併用しても構わない。
【0116】
中でも、アクリル系のモノマーの共重合によって得られるビニル系共重合が好ましい。更に、高分子結合材の共重合組成として、(a)カルボキシル基含有モノマー、(b)メタクリル酸アルキルエステル又はアクリル酸アルキルエステルの共重合体であることが好ましい。
【0117】
カルボキシル基含有モノマーの具体例としては、α,β−不飽和カルボン酸類、例えばアクリル酸、メタクリル酸、マレイン酸、無水マレイン酸、イタコン酸、無水イタコン酸等が挙げられる。その他、フタル酸と2−ヒドロキシメタクリレートのハーフエステル等のカルボン酸も好ましい。
【0118】
メタクリル酸アルキルエステル、アクリル酸アルキルエステルの具体例としては、メタクリル酸メチル、メタクリル酸エチル、メタクリル酸プロピル、メタクリル酸ブチル、メタクリル酸アミル、メタクリル酸ヘキシル、メタクリル酸ヘプチル、メタクリル酸オクチル、メタクリル酸ノニル、メタクリル酸デシル、メタクリル酸ウンデシル、メタクリル酸ドデシル、アクリル酸メチル、アクリル酸エチル、アクリル酸プロピル、アクリル酸ブチル、アクリル酸アミル、アクリル酸ヘキシル、アクリル酸ヘプチル、アクリル酸オクチル、アクリル酸ノニル、アクリル酸デシル、アクリル酸ウンデシル、アクリル酸ドデシル等の無置換アルキルエステルの他、メタクリル酸シクロヘキシル、アクリル酸シクロヘキシル等の環状アルキルエステルや、メタクリル酸ベンジル、メタクリル酸−2−クロロエチル、N,N−ジメチルアミノエチルメタクリレート、グリシジルメタクリレート、アクリル酸ベンジル、アクリル酸−2−クロロエチル、N,N−ジメチルアミノエチルアクリレート、グリシジルアクリレート等の置換アルキルエステルも挙げられる。
【0119】
更に、本発明の高分子結合材は、他の共重合モノマーとして、下記(1)〜(14)に記載のモノマー等を用いることが出来る。
【0120】
1)芳香族水酸基を有するモノマー、例えばo−(又はp−,m−)ヒドロキシスチレン、o−(又はp−,m−)ヒドロキシフェニルアクリレート等。
【0121】
2)脂肪族水酸基を有するモノマー、例えば2−ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート、2−ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート、N−メチロールアクリルアミド、N−メチロールメタクリルアミド、4−ヒドロキシブチルメタクリレート、5−ヒドロキシペンチルアクリレート、5−ヒドロキシペンチルメタクリレート、6−ヒドロキシヘキシルアクリレート、6−ヒドロキシヘキシルメタクリレート、N−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)アクリルアミド、N−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)メタクリルアミド、ヒドロキシエチルビニルエーテル等。
【0122】
3)アミノスルホニル基を有するモノマー、例えばm−(又はp−)アミノスルホニルフェニルメタクリレート、m−(又はp−)アミノスルホニルフェニルアクリレート、N−(p−アミノスルホニルフェニル)メタクリルアミド、N−(p−アミノスルホニルフェニル)アクリルアミド等。
【0123】
4)スルホンアミド基を有するモノマー、例えばN−(p−トルエンスルホニル)アクリルアミド、N−(p−トルエンスルホニル)メタクリルアミド等。
【0124】
5)アクリルアミド又はメタクリルアミド類、例えばアクリルアミド、メタクリルアミド、N−エチルアクリルアミド、N−ヘキシルアクリルアミド、N−シクロヘキシルアクリルアミド、N−フェニルアクリルアミド、N−(4−ニトロフェニル)アクリルアミド、N−エチル−N−フェニルアクリルアミド、N−(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)アクリルアミド、N−(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)メタクリルアミド等。
【0125】
6)弗化アルキル基を含有するモノマー、例えばトリフルオロエチルアクリレート、トリフルオロエチルメタクリレート、テトラフルオロプロピルメタクリレート、ヘキサフルオロプロピルメタクリレート、オクタフルオロペンチルアクリレート、オクタフルオロペンチルメタクリレート、ヘプタデカフルオロデシルメタクリレート、N−ブチル−N−(2−アクリロキシエチル)ヘプタデカフルオロオクチルスルホンアミド等。
【0126】
7)ビニルエーテル類、例えば、エチルビニルエーテル、2−クロロエチルビニルエーテル、プロピルビニルエーテル、ブチルビニルエーテル、オクチルビニルエーテル、フェニルビニルエーテル等。
【0127】
8)ビニルエステル類、例えばビニルアセテート、ビニルクロロアセテート、ビニルブチレート、安息香酸ビニル等。
【0128】
9)スチレン類、例えばスチレン、メチルスチレン、クロロメチルスチレン等。
【0129】
10)ビニルケトン類、例えばメチルビニルケトン、エチルビニルケトン、プロピルビニルケトン、フェニルビニルケトン等。
【0130】
11)オレフィン類、例えばエチレン、プロピレン、i−ブチレン、ブタジエン、イソプレン等。
【0131】
12)N−ビニルピロリドン、N−ビニルカルバゾール、4−ビニルピリジン等。
【0132】
13)シアノ基を有するモノマー、例えばアクリロニトリル、メタクリロニトリル、2−ペンテンニトリル、2−メチル−3−ブテンニトリル、2−シアノエチルアクリレート、o−(又はm−,p−)シアノスチレン等。
【0133】
14)アミノ基を有するモノマー、例えばN,N−ジエチルアミノエチルメタクリレート、N,N−ジメチルアミノエチルアクリレート、N,N−ジメチルアミノエチルメタクリレート、ポリブタジエンウレタンアクリレート、N,N−ジメチルアミノプロピルアクリルアミド、N,N−ジメチルアクリルアミド、アクリロイルモルホリン、N−i−プロピルアクリルアミド、N,N−ジエチルアクリルアミド等。
【0134】
更に、これらのモノマーと共重合し得る他のモノマーを共重合してもよい。
更に、上記ビニル系共重合体の分子内に存在するカルボキシル基に、分子内に(メタ)アクリロイル基とエポキシ基を有する化合物を付加反応させる事によって得られる、不飽和結合含有ビニル系共重合体も高分子結合材として好ましい。
【0135】
分子内に不飽和結合とエポキシ基を共に含有する化合物としては、具体的にはグリシジルアクリレート、グリシジルメタクリレート、特開平11−271969号に記載のエポキシ基含有不飽和化合物等が挙げられる。
【0136】
これらの共重合体は、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)によって測定された質量平均分子量が1〜20万であるものが好ましいが、この範囲に限定されるものではない。
【0137】
感光層における高分子重合体の含有量は、感光層全固形分の10〜90質量%の範囲が好ましく、15〜70質量%が更に好ましく、20〜50質量%の範囲で使用することが、感度の面から特に好ましい。
【0138】
樹脂の酸価については10〜150の範囲で使用するのが好ましく、30〜120がより好ましく、50〜90の範囲で使用することが、感光層全体の極性のバランスをとる観点から特に好ましく、これにより感光層塗布液での顔料の凝集を防ぐことができる。
【0139】
(酸素遮断層)
酸素遮断層には、酸素透過性の低い被膜を形成し得る水溶性ポリマーを使用する。具体的には、ポリビニルアルコール及びポリビニルピロリドンを含有する。ポリビニルアルコールは、酸素の透過を抑制する効果を有し、ポリビニルピロリドンは、隣接する感光層との接着性を確保する効果を有する。
【0140】
上記2種のポリマーの他に、必要に応じてポリサッカライド、ポリエチレングリコール、ゼラチン、膠、カゼイン、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース、メチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチル澱粉、アラビアゴム、サクローズオクタアセテート、アルギン酸アンモニウム、アルギン酸ナトリウム、ポリビニルアミン、ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリスチレンスルホン酸、ポリアクリル酸、水溶性ポリアミド等の水溶性ポリマーを併用することも出来る。
【0141】
本発明の平版印刷版材料では、感光層とオーバーコート層間の剥離力が0.343N/cm以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.49N/cm以上、更に好ましくは0.735N/cm以上である。好ましいオーバーコート層の組成としては特願平8−161645号に記載されるものが挙げられる。
【0142】
本発明における剥離力は、オーバーコート層上に十分大きい粘着力を有する所定幅の粘着テープを貼り、それを平版印刷版材料の平面に対して90度の角度でオーバーコート層と共に剥離する時の力を測定した。
【0143】
オーバーコート層には、更に必要に応じて界面活性剤、マット剤等を含有することができる。上記オーバーコート層組成物を適当な溶剤に溶解し感光層上に塗布・乾燥してオーバーコート層を形成する。塗布溶剤の主成分は水、あるいはメタノール、エタノール、i−プロパノール等のアルコール類であることが特に好ましい。
【0144】
オーバーコート層の厚みは0.1〜5.0μmが好ましく、特に好ましくは0.5〜3.0μmである。
【0145】
【実施例】
以下に、合成例、支持体作製例、実施例を具体的に示すが、本発明の実施態様は、これ等に限定されるものでない。尚、特に断りない限り、実施例における「部」は「質量部」を、「%」は「質量%」を表す。
【0146】
〈バインダーの合成〉
窒素気流下の三ツ口フラスコに、メタクリル酸30部、メタクリル酸メチル50部、メタクリル酸エチル20部、i−プロピルアルコール500部及びα、α′−アゾビスイソブチロニトリル3部を入れ、窒素気流中80℃のオイルバスで6時間反応させた。その後、i−プロピルアルコールの沸点で1時間還流を行った後、トリエチルアンモニウムクロライド3部及びグリシジルメタクリレート25部を加えて3時間反応させ、アクリル系共重合体1を得た。GPC(ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィ)を用いて測定した重量平均分子量は約35,000、DSC(示差熱分析法)を用いて測定したガラス転移温度(Tg)は約85℃であった。
【0147】
〈支持体の作製〉
厚さ0.3mmのアルミニウム板(材質1050,調質H16)を65℃に保たれた5%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液に浸漬し、1分間の脱脂処理を行った後、水洗した。この脱脂アルミニウム板を、25℃に保たれた10%塩酸水溶液中に1分間浸漬して中和した後、水洗した。次いで、このアルミニウム板を、0.3%硝酸水溶液中で、25℃、電流密度100A/dm2の件下に交流電流により60秒間、電解粗面化を行った後、60℃に保たれた5%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液中で10秒間のデスマット処理を行った。デスマット処理した粗面化アルミニウム板を、15%硫酸溶液中で、25℃、電流密度10A/dm2、電圧15Vの条件下に1分間陽極酸化処理を行い、更に1%ポリビニルホスホン酸で75℃で親水化処理を行って支持体を作製した。この支持体表面の中心線平均粗さ(Ra)は0.65μmであった。
【0148】
〈平版印刷版材料の作製〉
上記支持体上に、下記組成の感光層塗工液1を乾燥時1.5g/m2になるようワイヤーバーにて塗布し、95℃で1.5分間乾燥し、感光層塗布試料を得た。
(感光層塗工液1)
付加重合可能なエチレン性不飽和単量体(M−3) 25.0部
付加重合可能なエチレン性不飽和単量体(NKエステル4G:新中村化学社製ポリエチレングリコールジメタクリレート) 25.0部
光重合開始剤(T−1) 2.0部
光重合開始剤(T−2) 2.0部
光重合開始剤(BR−22) 1.0部
光重合開催剤(BR−43) 1.0部
分光増感色素(D−1) 1.5部
分光増感色素(D−2) 1.5部
アクリル系共重合体1 40.0部
フタロシアニン顔料(MHI454:御国色素社製) 6.0部
2−t−ブチル−6−(3−t−ブチル−2−ヒドロキシ−5−メチルベンジル)−4−メチルフェニルアクリレート(スミライザーGS:住友3M社製) 0.5部
弗素系界面活性剤(F−178K:大日本インキ社製) 0.5部
メチルエチルケトン(MEK) 80部
シクロヘキサノン 820部
上記感光層塗布試料上に、下記組成の酸素遮断層塗工液を乾燥時1.8g/m2になるようにアプリケーターにて塗布し、75℃で1.5分間乾燥して、感光層上に酸素遮断層を有する感光性平版印刷版試料1を得た。
(酸素遮断層塗工液1)
ポリビニルアルコール(GL−05:日本合成化学社製) 89部
水溶性ポリアミド(P−70:東レ社製) 10部
界面活性剤(サーフィノール465:日信化学工業社製) 0.5部
水 900部
実施例2
感光層塗工液1を下記組成の感光層塗工液2に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光性平版印刷版を作製した。
(感光層塗工液2)
付加重合可能なエチレン性不飽和単量体(M−3) 25.0部
付加重合可能なエチレン性不飽和単量体(NKエステル4G:前出)25.0部
光重合開始剤(Ar−1) 4.0部
光重合開始剤(BR−22) 1.0部
光重合開催剤(BR−43) 1.0部
分光増感色素(D−3) 3.0部
アクリル系共重合体1 40.0部
N−フェニルグリシンベンジルエステル 4.0部
フタロシアニン顔料(MHI454:御国色素社製) 6.0部
2−t−ブチル−6−(3−t−ブチル−2−ヒドロキシ−5−メチルベンジル)−4−メチルフェニルアクリレート(前出) 0.5部
弗素系界面活性剤(F−178K:前出) 0.5部
メチルエチルケトン 80部
シクロヘキサノン 820部
感光層塗工液1及び2に使用した光重合開始剤、分光増感色素の構造を以下に示す。
【0149】
【化2】
【0150】
【化3】
【0151】
〈露光・現像〉
このように作製した感光性平版印刷版1及び2に、FD−YAGレーザー光源を搭載したCTP露光装置(Tigercat:ECRM社製)を用いて2540dpi(dpi=1インチ、即ち2.54cm当たりのドット数)の解像度で画像露光を行った。
【0152】
次いで、現像前に酸素遮断層を除去する前水洗部、下記組成の現像液を充填した現像部、版面に付着した現像液を取り除く水洗部、下記組成の画線部保護のためのガム液を備えたCTP自動現像機(PHW23−V:Technigraph社製)で現像処理を行った。尚、現像は、画像部、非画像部の面積比率が1:9になるよう500m2実施した。自動現像機はTechnigraph社製:PHW32−Vを使用し、現像補充液は50ml/m2、版面保護剤液は20ml/m2となるように処理液の補充をした。
〈印刷版の評価〉
500m2現像終了後に得られた印刷版を用いて、以下に示す条件にて印刷を行い、非画像部のインキ汚れ、刷出しのインキ着肉性を評価した。
【0153】
(印刷条件)
印刷機(三菱重工業社製:DAIYA1F−1)で、コート紙、印刷インキ(大日本インキ化学工業社製:大豆油インキ”ナチュラリス100”)及び湿し水(東京インク社製H液SG−51,濃度1.5%)を用いた。
【0154】
《非画像部のインキ汚れ》
100枚目の印刷物の非画像部について、100cm2内の斑点状のインキ汚れを目視にて評価した。
【0155】
◎:非画像部にインキ汚れは認められない
○:非画像部にインキ汚れは殆ど認められない
△:非画像部にインキ汚れが僅かに認められるが、印刷物として使用可
×:非画像部にインキ汚れが認められ、印刷物として使用不可
《刷出し時のインキ着肉性》
印刷の刷出しから印刷物の画像部にインクが正常に着肉する迄の枚数を以て着肉性の評価とした。評価の目安は以下の通り。
【0156】
0〜20枚:許容範囲
21〜30枚:許容限界
31枚以上:問題レベル
結果を表1に示す。
【0157】
【表1】
【0158】
表1の結果から、本発明実施の効果は明らかである。
【0159】
【発明の効果】
本発明の処理方法によれば、印刷再開時に発生する非画像部の汚れが少なく、印刷の立上がりでのインキ着肉性も向上できる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to processing of a photosensitive lithographic printing plate in which a photosensitive layer made of a photosensitive resin composition is formed on the surface of an aluminum plate support.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The lithographic printing method is a printing method that utilizes the fact that water and oil do not essentially mix, and the printing plate surface accepts water and repels oil-based ink, and repels water and accepts oil-based ink. An image portion to be printed is formed, and printing is performed by supplying water and oil-based ink from a printing machine and transferring only the oil-based ink received in the image portion to paper. The printing machine generally uses an offset printing method in which the oil-based ink received in the image portion of the printing plate surface is once transferred to a rubber blanket and then transferred to paper.
[0003]
Conventionally, as a support used for a photosensitive lithographic printing plate, from the viewpoint of printability, those having excellent hydrophilicity, water retention, and adhesion to a photosensitive layer are required. An aluminum plate having a roughened surface called a grained surface is used.
[0004]
As the roughening treatment, mechanical surface roughening methods such as ball polishing, brush polishing, blast polishing, buff polishing, and honing polishing, and electrolysis of the support surface by alternating current or direct current in an acidic electrolyte such as hydrochloric acid and nitric acid. An electrochemical surface roughening method for processing is known. Since the aluminum plate grained by these methods is relatively soft and easily worn as it is, it is then subjected to an anodizing treatment to form an oxide film. The surface of the aluminum plate treated in this way is hard and has excellent wear resistance.
[0005]
When the exposed photosensitive lithographic printing plate is developed with an alkaline aqueous solution, the exposed or unexposed portion of the photosensitive layer is removed and the support surface is exposed. Since the surface of the aluminum support is hydrophilic, the portion (non-image portion) where the surface of the support is exposed by development receives water and repels the oil-based ink. On the other hand, the portion (image portion) where the photosensitive layer has not been removed by development is oleophilic and therefore repels water and accepts the oil-based ink.
[0006]
In general, the photosensitive lithographic printing plate has a higher sensitivity so that the time required for exposure is shortened and the operation can be performed faster. When such a photosensitive lithographic printing plate is developed with an automatic developing machine, the processing liquid deteriorates as the number of processes proceeds, and the hydrophilicity of the plate surface decreases. There is a problem that adhesion occurs, and in order to prevent this stain, a method of maintaining the hydrophilicity of the plate surface of the non-image area has been desired.
[0007]
Further, in the photopolymerizable photosensitive lithographic printing plate of the type that forms a latent image by a free radical reaction by a combination of a photofree radical generator and an ethylenically unsaturated compound, the photopolymerizability after image exposure using an alkaline aqueous solution is used. When a photosensitive lithographic printing plate having a layer is developed, a high-sensitivity lithographic printing plate can be obtained. However, when the development processing of a large number of planographic printing plates is repeated by replenishing the developer replenisher using an automatic processor, the photopolymerizable layer eluted in the developer of the automatic processor is accumulated. It is known to precipitate. In addition, the photosensitive lithographic printing plate of the type that forms a latent image by the above free radical reaction generally has an excellent sensitivity, but has a defect that the free radical reaction is inhibited by oxygen. It is known that it is effective to provide an oxygen barrier layer on the photosensitive layer, and it is known that such an oxygen barrier layer is mainly composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a main component. However, when the same processing is repeated by using a photosensitive lithographic printing plate provided with an oxygen barrier layer mainly composed of PVA on the photosensitive layer and replenishing the development replenisher using an automatic developing machine. It has also been found that agar-like gel precipitates in the developing solution of an automatic processor. The plate material obtained by such an unstable development process promotes the occurrence of stains in the non-image area, which is a problem in use.
[0008]
Conventionally, an aqueous solution of an alkali metal silicate has been widely used for the development of a photosensitive lithographic printing plate, and the hydrophilicity of the surface of the support is increased by the reaction between aluminum on the surface of the support and silicic acid in the developer. ing.
[0009]
Further, when making a planographic printing plate, a plate surface protective agent is applied in the final step. The purpose of applying the protective agent is not only to protect the hydrophilicity of the non-image area, but also to modify the image area, such as writing or erasing, storage for a period until printing after plate making, storage until reuse, and printing This is to prevent contamination caused by adhesion of fingerprints, oils and fats, dust and the like during attachment and handling, and to protect against the occurrence of scratches, and to further suppress the occurrence of oxidized stains.
[0010]
As a plate surface protecting agent for a lithographic printing plate, gum arabic, cellulose gum or an aqueous solution of a water-soluble polymer having a carboxyl group in the molecule is generally used. In addition, a specific polyoxyethylene group-containing activator such as a plate surface protecting agent containing phosphoric acid-modified starch is disclosed in JP-A-62-11693, and a plate surface protecting agent containing a carboxyalkylated starch is disclosed in JP-A 62-7595. JP-A-11-265704 and JP-A-11-288106 disclose a plate surface protective material containing a water-soluble polymer, and many plate surface protective agents containing a water-soluble polymer have been proposed. Further, after developing a photosensitive lithographic printing plate obtained by coating a photosensitive composition containing an ethylenically unsaturated compound, a photopolymerization initiator and a sensitizer on a support with an aqueous alkaline developer, Sensitization with good adhesion and applicability and no print stains by treatment with a desensitizing agent containing a hydrophilic organic polymer compound, a surfactant and an acid, and substantially free of an organic solvent. There is also a disclosure of a technology for producing a photolithographic printing plate (see Patent Document 1).
[0011]
However, even when these methods are used, it is not possible to sufficiently prevent the non-image area from being stained when a large number of photopolymerization type photosensitive resin plates are processed by an automatic processor.
[0012]
In addition, when the photopolymerization type photosensitive resin plate is developed at a high pH of 11 or more, the plate surface protecting agent adheres to the swollen resin layer of the ink-implanted portion, resulting in slow removal during printing. As a result, there is a problem that the ink inking property at the start of printing deteriorates and the number of lost paper sheets increases, and a solution has been desired.
[0013]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-9-109571
[0014]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a method for processing a photosensitive lithographic printing plate which has improved non-image area smearing that occurs when printing is resumed and ink deposition at the start of printing.
[0015]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The above object of the present invention can be achieved by the following constitution.
[0016]
1) Image exposure of a lithographic printing plate having a photosensitive layer composed of a photosensitive resin composition containing an ethylenically unsaturated bond-containing monomer, a photopolymerization initiator and a polymer binder on the surface of an aluminum plate support And a processing method of a photosensitive lithographic printing plate, which is treated with an aqueous solution containing the following compound A and an anionic surfactant after the development treatment.
[0017]
Compound A RO (C3H6O)m(CH2CH2O)nH
Here, R represents an alkyl group having 8 to 11 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and m is1-5, n represents an integer of 2-30.
[0018]
2) Image exposure of a lithographic printing plate having a photosensitive layer comprising a photosensitive resin composition containing an ethylenically unsaturated bond-containing monomer, a photopolymerization initiator and a polymer binder on the surface of an aluminum plate support And a plate surface protecting agent for a photosensitive lithographic printing plate comprising the compound A and an anionic surfactant, which is an aqueous solution to be processed after the development processing.
[0019]
3) The processing method of the photosensitive lithographic printing plate as described in 1), wherein m in the compound A is 1 to 3.
[0020]
4) The plate surface protective agent for photosensitive lithographic printing plates according to 2), wherein m in the compound A is 1 to 3.
[0021]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
First, the compound A which is the main feature of the present invention will be described. In the structural formula, the alkyl group represented by R has 8 to 11 carbon atoms, preferably 9 or 10. This R hits the hydrophobic group of the compound which is a nonionic surfactant, and if the carbon number is too large or too small, the balance as a surfactant is lost, and the effect of preventing stop stains cannot be obtained.
[0022]
Polyoxypropylene moiety of compound A (CThreeH6O)n(CH2CH2CH2O)n, (CH (CHThree) CH2O)n, (CH2CH (CHThreeO)nThere are three possible structures, and any structure is acceptable, but (CH2CH (CHThreeO)nThe structure is most preferred.
[0023]
n represents 2 to 30, and 6 to 15 is most preferable. n is the number of repeating units of the polyoxyethylene group which hits the hydrophilic group. If it is too large or too small, the balance as a surfactant is lost, and the effect of preventing stop contamination cannot be obtained.
[0024]
m is1˜5, preferably 1 to 3, and most preferably 2 or 3. If the number of repeating units of the oxypropylene group that hits the hydrophobic group is too large or too small, as in the case of the carbon number of R and the number of n, the balance as a surfactant is lost, and the effect of preventing stop stains cannot be obtained.
[0025]
Specific examples of Compound A are shown below, but the invention is not limited thereto.
[0026]
[Chemical 1]
[0027]
Compound A is preferably used in the range of 0.01 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0% by mass, based on the total mass of the aqueous solution containing the compound.
[0028]
The aqueous solution of the plate surface protecting agent preferably has a pH of 2 to 7, but most preferably 2 to 5. If the pH is greater than 7, the plate surface protecting agent is difficult to remove during printing, and if the pH is less than 2 or less, the solubility of the plate surface protecting agent component in water deteriorates and is easily separated, and the acidity increases. Therefore, handling safety is also deteriorated.
[0029]
Next, the developer used in the processing method of the present invention will be described in detail.
(Alkaline agent)
The main component of the developer used in the processing method of the present invention preferably contains at least one compound selected from silicic acid, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, boric acid, phenols, saccharides, oximes and fluorinated alcohols. And it is preferable that it is alkaline aqueous solution whose pH is higher than 8.5 and less than 13.0. More preferably, the pH is 8.5 to 12.0.
[0030]
Among these, as weakly acidic substances such as phenols, saccharides, oximes and fluorinated alcohols, those having a dissociation index (pKa) of 10.0 to 13.2 are preferable. Such an acid is selected from those described in IONATION CONSTANTS OF ORGANIC ACIDS INAQUEOUS SOLUTION published by Pergamon Press, and specifically, salicylic acid (pKa13.0), 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (Same as 12.84), catechol (12.6), gallic acid (12.4), sulfosalicylic acid (11.7), 3,4-dihydroxysulfonic acid (12.2), 3,4 -Dihydroxybenzoic acid (11.94), 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene (11.82), hydroquinone (11.56), pyrogallol (11.34), o-cresol (10. 33), resorsonol (11.27), p-cresol (10. 7), m-cresol (phenol having a phenolic hydroxyl group of the same 10.09), and the like.
[0031]
As the saccharide, a non-reducing sugar that is stable even in an alkali is preferably used. Such non-reducing sugars are saccharides that do not have a free aldehyde group or ketone group and do not exhibit reducing properties, and are trehalose-type oligosaccharides in which reducing groups are bonded to each other, and glycosides in which a reducing group of saccharides and non-saccharides are bonded. These are classified into sugar alcohols reduced by hydrogenation of the body and saccharides, both of which are preferably used in the present invention. Trehalose type oligosaccharides include saccharose and trehalose. Examples of glycosides include alkyl glycosides, phenol glycosides, mustard oil glycosides, and the like. Examples of the sugar alcohol include D, L-arabit, rebit, xylit, D, L-sorbit, D, L-mannit, D, L-exit, D, L-talit, zulsicit and allozulcit. Furthermore, maltitol obtained by hydrogenation of a disaccharide and a reduced form (reduced starch syrup) obtained by hydrogenation of an oligosaccharide are preferably used. Furthermore, 2-butanone oxime (pKa 12.45), acetoxime (12.42), 1,2-cycloheptanedione oxime (12.3), 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde oxime (12.10), dimethylglycol Oximes such as oxime (11.9), ethanediamide dioxime (11.37), acetophenone oxime (11.35), such as 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropanol-1 (12. 74), fluorinated alcohols such as trifluoroethanol (12.37) and trichloroethanol (12.24). In addition, aldehydes such as pyridine-2-aldehyde (12.68) and pyridine-4-aldehyde (12.05), adenosine (12.56), inosine (12.5), guanine ( 12.3), nucleic acid-related substances such as cytosine (12.2), hypoxanthine (12.1), xanthine (11.9), diethylaminomethylsulfonic acid (12.32), 1 -Amino-3,3,3-trifluorobenzoic acid (12.29), isopropylidenedisulfonic acid (12.10), 1,1-ethylidene diphosphonic acid (11.54), 1,1- 1-hydroxyethylidene disulfonate (11.52), benzimidazole (12.86), thiobenzamide (12.8), picolinethioamide (12.55), Barbitu Weak acid such as an acid (at 12.5) and the like. These acidic substances may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these acidic substances, preferred are silicic acid, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, sulfosalicylic acid, salicylic acid and sugar alcohols and saccharose of non-reducing sugars, especially silicic acid, D-sorbitol, saccharose, and reduced water candy in an appropriate pH range. It is preferable that it has a buffering action and is inexpensive.
[0032]
The proportion of these acidic substances in the developer is preferably from 0.1 to 30% by mass, and more preferably from 1 to 20% by mass. Below this range, a sufficient buffering effect cannot be obtained, and when the concentration is above this range, it is difficult to achieve high concentration, and there is a problem of increased costs. As the base to be combined with these acids, sodium hydroxide, ammonium, potassium and lithium are preferably used. These alkali agents are used alone or in combination of two or more. When the pH of the developer is 8.5 or less, the image portion of the printing plate obtained from the photosensitive lithographic printing plate material that can be developed with such a developer is physically fragile, and wears quickly during printing. Printing durability is not obtained. Further, the image portion is chemically weak, and the image of the portion wiped with an ink washing solvent or a plate cleaner is damaged during printing, and as a result, sufficient chemical resistance cannot be obtained. A developer having a high pH such that the pH exceeds 13.0 is not preferable because it is highly irritating when attached to the skin or mucous membrane and requires sufficient care in handling.
[0033]
Other examples include potassium silicate, sodium silicate, lithium silicate, ammonium silicate, potassium metasilicate, sodium metasilicate, lithium metasilicate, ammonium metasilicate, tripotassium phosphate, trisodium phosphate, trilithium phosphate, triammonium phosphate, diphosphate Potassium, disodium phosphate, dilithium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lithium carbonate, ammonium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, lithium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, potassium borate, sodium borate, lithium borate , Ammonium borate and the like, and may be added in the form of a preformed salt. Again, sodium hydroxide, ammonium, potassium and lithium can be added to the pH adjustment. Monomethylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, i-propylamine, di-i-propylamine, tri-i-propylamine, butylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, i-propanolamine Organic alkali agents such as di-i-propanolamine, ethyleneimine, ethylenediamine, and pyridine are also used in combination. Most preferred are potassium silicate and sodium silicate. The concentration of silicate is SiO2The concentration is preferably 1.0 to 3.0% by mass. SiO2And the molar ratio of alkali metal M (SiO2: M) is more preferably in the range of 0.25 to 2.
[0034]
The developing solution referred to in the present invention is not only an unused solution used at the start of development, but also a replenishing solution that is replenished to correct the activity of the solution that decreases due to the processing of the lithographic printing plate. A liquid (so-called running liquid) in which the temperature is maintained. Therefore, since the replenisher needs to have a higher activity (alkali concentration) than the developer, the pH of the replenisher may exceed 13.0.
[0035]
(Surfactant)
Various surfactants and organic solvents can be added to the developer as necessary for the purpose of promoting developability, dispersing development residue, and improving the ink affinity of the printing plate image area.
[0036]
Examples of the surfactant include anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants.
[0037]
Preferred surfactants include fatty acid salts, abietic acid salts, hydroxyalkane sulfonic acid salts, alkane sulfonic acid salts, dialkyl sulfosuccinic acid ester salts, linear alkyl benzene sulfonic acid salts, branched alkyl benzene sulfonic acid salts, alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acid Salts, polyoxyethylene aryl ether carboxylic acids, polyoxyethylene naphthyl ether sulfates, alkyl diphenyl ether sulfonates, alkylphenoxy polyoxyethylene propyl sulfonates, polyoxyethylene alkyl sulfophenyl ether salts, polyoxyethylene aryl ether sulfates Ester salt, N-methyl-N-oleyl taurine sodium salt, N-alkylsulfosuccinic acid monoamide disodium salt, petroleum Honates, sulfated beef oil, sulfates of fatty acid alkyl esters, alkyl sulfates, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfates, fatty acid monoglyceride sulfates, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether sulfates, polyoxyethylene Styryl phenyl ether sulfate ester salts, alkyl phosphate ester salts, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate ester salts, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether phosphate ester salts, partially saponified styrene / maleic anhydride copolymers, olefin / maleic anhydride Anionic surfactants such as partially saponified products of copolymers and naphthalenesulfonate formalin condensates; polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alcohol Ruphenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene polystyryl phenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl ethers, glycerin fatty acid partial esters, sorbitan fatty acid partial esters, pentaerythritol fatty acid partial esters, propylene glycol mono fatty acid esters, Sucrose fatty acid partial esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid partial esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitol fatty acid partial esters, polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters, polyglycerin fatty acid partial esters, polyoxyethylenated castor oil, polyoxyethylene glycerin fatty acid moieties Esters, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers, ethylenediamine polyoxyethylene-polio Nonionic surfactants such as xylene-propylene block copolymer adducts, fatty acid diethanolamides, N, N-bis-2-hydroxyalkylamines, polyoxyethylene alkylamines, triethanolamine fatty acid esters, trialkylamine oxides; Cationic surfactants such as alkylamine salts, quaternary ammonium salts such as tetrabutylammonium bromide, polyoxyethylene alkylamine salts, polyethylene polyamine derivatives; carboxybetaines, aminocarboxylic acids, sulfobetaines, aminosulfates And amphoteric surfactants such as imidazolines.
[0038]
Of the surfactants listed above (hereinafter also referred to as activators), those with polyoxyethylene can be read as polyoxyalkylenes such as polyoxymethylene, polyoxypropylene, polyoxybutylene, and their activities. Agents are also included. A more preferred activator is a fluorine-based activator containing a perfluoroalkyl group in the molecule. Such fluorine-based activators include perfluoroalkyl carboxylates, perfluoroalkyl sulfonates, anionic types such as perfluoroalkyl phosphate esters, amphoteric types such as perfluoroalkyl betaines, and cations such as perfluoroalkyltrimethylammonium salts. Type and perfluoroalkylamine oxide, perfluoroalkyl oxyethylene adduct, perfluoroalkyl group and hydrophilic group-containing oligomer, perfluoroalkyl group and lipophilic group-containing oligomer, perfluoroalkyl group, hydrophilic group and lipophilic group Nonionic types such as group-containing oligomers, perfluoroalkyl groups, and lipophilic group-containing urethanes may be mentioned.
[0039]
Said surfactant can be used individually or in combination of 2 or more types, and is added in 0.001-10 mass% in a developing solution, More preferably, it is added in 0.01-5 mass%.
[0040]
(Development stabilizer)
For the developer, various development stabilizers are preferably used. Preferred examples thereof include polyethylene glycol adducts of sugar alcohols described in JP-A-6-282079, tetraalkylammonium salts such as tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, phosphonium salts such as tetrabutylphosphonium bromide, and iodonium salts such as diphenyliodonium chloride. Is a preferred example. Furthermore, anionic surfactants or amphoteric surfactants described in JP-A-50-51324, water-soluble cationic polymers described in JP-A-55-95946, and JP-A-56-142528 are described. There is a water-soluble amphoteric polyelectrolyte. Further, an organoboron compound to which an alkylene glycol is added as described in JP-A-59-84241, a polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymerization type water-soluble surfactant described in JP-A-60-111246, and JP-A-60 An alkylenediamine compound substituted with polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene described in JP-A-129750, a polyethylene glycol having a mass average molecular weight of 300 or more described in JP-A-61-215554, and a cationic group described in JP-A-63-175858 Examples thereof include fluorine-containing surfactants, water-soluble ethylene oxide addition compounds obtained by adding 4 mol or more of ethylene oxide to an acid or alcohol disclosed in JP-A-2-39157, and water-soluble polyalkylene compounds.
[0041]
(Organic solvent)
If necessary, an organic solvent is further added to the developer. As such an organic solvent, those having a solubility in water of about 10% by mass or less are suitable, and are preferably selected from those having 5% by mass or less. For example, 1-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethanol, 3-phenyl-1-propanol, 4-phenyl-1-butanol, 4-phenyl-2-butanol, 2-phenyl-1-butanol, 2-phenoxyethanol, 2-benzyl Oxyethanol, o-methoxybenzyl alcohol, m-methoxybenzyl alcohol, p-methoxybenzyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, 2-methylcyclohexanol, 3-methylcyclohexanol and 4-methylcyclohexanol, N-phenylethanolamine And N-phenyldiethanolamine. The content of the organic solvent is 0.1 to 5% by mass with respect to the total mass of the liquid used, but it is preferably substantially not contained, and particularly preferably not contained at all. Here, “substantially not contained” means 1% by mass or less.
[0042]
(Reducing agent)
A reducing agent is added to the developer as necessary. This prevents stains on the printing plate, and is particularly effective when developing a negative photosensitive lithographic printing plate containing a photosensitive diazonium salt compound. Preferable organic reducing agents include phenol compounds such as thiosalicylic acid, hydroquinone, metol, methoxyquinone, resorcin, 2-methylresorcin, and amine compounds such as phenylenediamine and phenylhydrazine. More preferable inorganic reducing agents include sodium salts, potassium salts, ammonium salts of inorganic acids such as sulfurous acid, bisulfite, phosphorous acid, phosphorous acid, phosphorous acid dihydrogen, thiosulfuric acid and dithionite. Can be mentioned.
[0043]
Of these reducing agents, sulfite is particularly excellent in the antifouling effect. These reducing agents are preferably contained in the range of 0.05 to 5% by mass with respect to the developer at the time of use.
[0044]
(Organic carboxylic acid)
If necessary, an organic carboxylic acid can be further added to the developer. Preferred organic carboxylic acids are aliphatic carboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids having 6 to 20 carbon atoms. Specific examples of the aliphatic carboxylic acid include caproic acid, enanthylic acid, caprylic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid, and particularly preferred are alkanoic acids having 8 to 12 carbon atoms. . Further, it may be an unsaturated fatty acid having a double bond in the carbon chain or a branched carbon chain. The aromatic carboxylic acid is a compound in which a carboxyl group is substituted on a benzene ring, naphthalene ring, anthracene ring, etc., specifically, o-chlorobenzoic acid, p-chlorobenzoic acid, o-hydroxybenzoic acid, p -Hydroxybenzoic acid, o-aminobenzoic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3 , 5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid, 1-naphthoic acid, 2-naphthoic acid, etc. Hydroxynaphthoic acid is particularly effective.
[0045]
The aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids are preferably used as sodium salts, potassium salts or ammonium salts in order to enhance water solubility. The content of the organic carboxylic acid in the developer used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but if it is less than 0.1% by mass, the effect is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 10% by mass, the effect is further improved. May not be measured, and dissolution may be hindered when other additives are used in combination. Therefore, the preferable addition amount is 0.1 to 10% by mass, and more preferably 0.5 to 4% by mass with respect to the developing solution at the time of use.
[0046]
(Other additives)
In addition to the above, the following additives can be added to the developer in order to improve the developing performance. For example, neutral salts such as NaCl, KCl, KBr described in JP-A-58-75152, and [Co (NHThree]]6ClThree, Amphoteric polymer electrolytes such as a copolymer of vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride and sodium acrylate described in JP-A-56-142258, organometallics including Si, Ti, etc. described in JP-A-59-75255 Surfactants, organoboron compounds described in JP-A-59-84241, and the like can be mentioned.
[0047]
The developer may further contain a preservative, a colorant, a thickener, an antifoaming agent, a hard water softener, and the like, if necessary. Examples of the antifoaming agent include mineral oil, vegetable oil, alcohol, surfactant, silicone and the like described in JP-A-2-244143. Examples of water softeners include polyphosphoric acid and its sodium, potassium and ammonium salts, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, triethylenetetraminehexaacetic acid, hydroxyethylethylenediaminepentaacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, and 1,2-diaminocyclohexane Aminopolycarboxylic acids such as tetraacetic acid and 1,3-diamino-2-propanoltetraacetic acid and their sodium, potassium and ammonium salts, aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid, ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid, diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonic acid, Triethylenetetramine hexamethylenephosphonic acid, hydroxyethylethylenediaminetrimethylenephosphonic acid, 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid and their sodium Umushio, and potassium salts and ammonium salts. The optimum value of such a hard water softening agent varies depending on its chelating power, the hardness of the hard water used and the amount of hard water. % By mass, more preferably in the range of 0.01 to 0.5% by mass. If the addition amount is less than this range, the intended purpose is not sufficiently achieved, and if the addition amount is more than this range, adverse effects on the image area such as color loss will occur. The remaining component of the developer is water. The conductivity of the obtained developer is preferably 5 to 50 mS.
[0048]
(Concentrated liquid)
It is advantageous in terms of transportation that the developer is a concentrated solution having a water content less than that in use and is diluted with water when in use. The degree of concentration in this case is appropriate so that each component does not separate or precipitate, but it is preferable to add a solubilizing agent if necessary. As such a solubilizer, so-called hydrotropes such as toluenesulfonic acid, xylenesulfonic acid and alkali metal salts thereof described in JP-A-6-32081 are preferably used.
[0049]
The water content of the concentrate can be further reduced to form a solid or paste. In this case, the developer may be once evaporated and then evaporated to dryness, but it is preferably concentrated by mixing the materials by adding a small amount of water without adding water when mixing a plurality of materials. Is preferable. The developer concentrates are disclosed in JP-A-51-61837, JP-A-2-109042, JP-A-2-109043, JP-A-3-39735, JP-A-5-142786, JP-A-6-266062, and JP-A-7. Granules and tablets can be obtained by a well-known method described in No. 13341 or the like.
[0050]
The materials contained in the solid or paste developer concentrate can use the components used in the developer of ordinary lithographic printing plate materials, but those that do not return to their original form even when diluted with water are included. Preferably not. For example, since silicate is converted into stone when it becomes low in moisture, it becomes difficult to dissolve in water. Therefore, it is preferable to contain carbonates, phosphates, organic acid salts and the like described later instead of silicates.
[0051]
These developer concentrates or solid or paste concentrates may be divided into a plurality of parts having different material types, material mixing ratios, and the like. The concentrated developer concentrate is preferably used for development after dilution to a predetermined concentration with water before development. In addition, when this developer concentrate or concentrate is used as a developer replenisher, it is most preferable to dilute with water to a predetermined concentration and then add it to the developer in use. It is also possible to add it to a developing solution as it is without diluting to a predetermined concentration. In this case, water may be directly added separately to the developing solution being used at the same timing or at different timing.
[0052]
(Automatic processor)
An automatic developing machine is usually used for the development processing. Preferably, a mechanism for automatically replenishing the replenisher with a necessary amount in the developing bath is provided. Preferably, a mechanism for discharging the developer exceeding a certain amount is provided. Preferably, the developer bath is automatically supplied with water. Is provided with a mechanism for replenishing the required amount, preferably a mechanism for detecting plate passing (passing plate material), preferably a mechanism for estimating the processing area of the plate based on detection of plate passing is provided. Preferably, a mechanism for controlling the amount of replenisher and / or water to be replenished and / or the replenishment timing to be replenished based on the detection of the plate and / or the estimation of the processing area is provided. Is provided with a mechanism for controlling the temperature of the developer, preferably a mechanism for detecting the pH and / or conductivity of the developer, preferably based on the pH and / or conductivity of the developer. Refill to try to refill And / or water replenishment rate and / or controlling the replenishing timing mechanism is applied.
[0053]
The automatic processor may have a pretreatment unit that immerses the plate in the pretreatment liquid before the development step. The pretreatment unit is preferably provided with a mechanism for spraying the pretreatment liquid on the plate surface, and preferably provided with a mechanism for controlling the temperature of the pretreatment liquid to an arbitrary temperature of 25 to 55 ° C. Is provided with a mechanism for rubbing the plate surface with a roller-like brush. Water or the like is used as the pretreatment liquid.
[0054]
(Post-processing)
A plate developed with a developer having such a composition is post-processed with a finisher or protective gum solution mainly composed of washing water, a rinsing solution containing a surfactant or the like, gum arabic or a starch derivative as a plate surface protecting agent. Is given. In the post-treatment of the lithographic printing plate material of the present invention, these treatments can be used in various combinations. For example, development → washing → treatment with a rinsing liquid containing a surfactant or development → water washing → finishing with a finisher liquid. It is preferable that the rinse liquid and the finisher liquid are less fatigued. Furthermore, a countercurrent multistage process using a rinsing liquid or a finisher liquid is also a preferred embodiment. These post-processing are generally performed using an automatic developing machine including a developing unit and a post-processing unit. As the post-treatment liquid, a method of spraying from a spray nozzle or a method of immersing and conveying in a treatment tank filled with the treatment liquid is used. A method is also known in which a fixed amount of a small amount of washing water is supplied to the plate surface after development, and the waste liquid is reused as dilution water for the developer stock solution. In such automatic processing, processing can be performed while each replenisher is replenished with each replenisher according to the processing amount, operating time, and the like. In addition, a so-called disposable treatment method in which treatment is performed with a substantially unused post-treatment liquid is also applicable.
[0055]
The lithographic printing plate obtained by such processing is loaded on an offset printing machine and used for printing a large number of sheets.
[0056]
(Gum solution)
It is preferable to add an acid or a buffer to the gum solution in order to remove alkali components from the developer. In addition, a hydrophilic polymer compound, a chelating agent, a lubricant, a preservative, a solubilizer, and the like can be added. . When the gum solution contains a hydrophilic polymer compound, a function as a protective agent for preventing scratches and stains on the printing plate after development is also added.
[0057]
By adding a surfactant to the gum solution used in the present invention, the surface condition of the coating layer is improved. Surfactants that can be used include anionic surfactants and / or nonionic surfactants.
[0058]
Examples of the anionic surfactant include an anionic surfactant that can be added to the developer. Among these, dialkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl sulfate esters, and alkyl naphthalene sulfonates are particularly preferably used.
[0059]
Examples of nonionic surfactants include nonionic surfactants that can be added to the developer. Of these, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block polymers and the like are preferably used.
[0060]
Fluorine-based and silicon-based anions and nonionic surfactants can also be used. Two or more of these surfactants can be used in combination. For example, two or more different from each other can be used in combination. For example, a combination of two or more different anionic surfactants or a combination of an anionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant is preferable. Although the usage-amount of the said surfactant does not need to specifically limit, Preferably it is 0.01-20 mass% of a post-processing liquid.
[0061]
In the gum solution, in addition to the above components, polyhydric alcohols, alcohols and aliphatic hydrocarbons can be used as a lubricant if necessary.
[0062]
Among the polyhydric alcohols, preferred specific examples include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerin, sorbitol and the like. Examples of the alcohol include propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, pentanol, Examples include alkyl alcohols such as hexanol, heptanol, and octanol, and alcohols having an aromatic ring such as pendyl alcohol, phenoxyethanol, and phenylaminoethyl alcohol.
[0063]
Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon include hexanol, methyl amyl alcohol, 2-ethylbutanol, heptanol, 3-heptanol, 2-octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, nonanol, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol, decanol, undecanol, and dodecanol. , Trimethylnonyl alcohol, tetradecanol, heptadecanol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, 2,4-hexanediol, 1,8-octane Examples include diol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol, and the like. The content of these lubricants is suitably 0.1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 3.0% by mass in the composition.
[0064]
In addition to the above components, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, triethylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, diglycerin and the like are suitably used as a wetting agent as necessary. These wetting agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In general, the wetting agent is preferably used in an amount of 1 to 25% by weight.
[0065]
Various hydrophilic polymers can be contained for the purpose of improving the film-forming property. As such a hydrophilic polymer, any hydrophilic polymer that can be conventionally used for a gum solution can be preferably used. For example, gum arabic, fiber derivatives (carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, etc.) and modified products thereof, polyvinyl alcohol and derivatives thereof, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylamide and copolymers thereof, vinyl methyl ether / maleic anhydride copolymer, Examples thereof include vinyl acetate / maleic anhydride copolymer and styrene / maleic anhydride copolymer.
[0066]
In general, the gum solution used in the present invention is advantageously used in the acidic range of pH 3 to 6. In order to adjust the pH to 3 to 6, generally, a mineral acid, an organic acid, an inorganic salt, or the like is added and adjusted in the post-treatment liquid. The addition amount is preferably 0.01 to 2% by mass. Examples of the mineral acid include nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and metaphosphoric acid. Examples of the organic acid include oxalic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, malonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, levulinic acid, phytic acid, and organic phosphonic acid. Furthermore, examples of the inorganic salt include magnesium nitrate, primary sodium phosphate, secondary sodium phosphate, nickel sulfate, sodium hexamethanoate, sodium tripolyphosphate, and the like. You may use together at least 1 sort (s) or 2 or more types, such as a mineral acid, an organic acid, or an inorganic salt.
[0067]
An antiseptic, an antifoaming agent, and the like can be added to the gum solution. For example, as a preservative, hydroxybenzoic acid alkyl ester, phenol or a derivative thereof (phenylphenol, phenylchlorophenol, etc.), formalin, imidazole derivative, sodium dehydroacetate, 4-isothiazoline-3-one derivative, benzoisothiazoline-3-one, Examples include benzotriazole derivatives, amiding anidine derivatives, quaternary ammonium salts, derivatives such as pyridine, quinoline, and guanidine, diazines, triazole derivatives, oxazoles, and oxazine derivatives. A preferable addition amount is an amount that exerts a stable effect on bacteria, sputum, yeast, etc., and varies depending on the type of bacteria, sputum, yeast, but 0.01% with respect to the printing plate surface protective agent at the time of use. The range of ˜4% by mass is preferable, and it is preferable to use two or more kinds of preservatives in combination so as to be effective against various molds and sterilization. As the antifoaming agent, a silicon antifoaming agent is preferable. Among them, any of emulsification dispersion type and solubilization can be used. Preferably, the range of 0.01 to 1.0 mass% is optimal with respect to the gum solution at the time of use.
[0068]
Further, a chelate compound may be added. Preferred chelating compounds include ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, its potassium salt, sodium salt; diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, its potassium salt, sodium salt; triethylenetetraminehexaacetic acid, its sodium salt; ethylenediamine disuccinic acid, its potassium salt, its sodium salt Triethylenetetramine hexaacetic acid, its potassium salt, its sodium salt, hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid, its potassium salt, its sodium salt: nitrilotriacetic acid, its sodium salt; 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid, its potassium And organic phosphonic acids or phosphonoalkanetricarboxylic acids such as aminotri (methylenephosphonic acid), potassium salt, sodium salt, and the like.
[0069]
An organic amine salt is also effective in place of the sodium salt and potassium salt of the chelating agent. These chelating agents are selected so that they are stably present in the gum solution composition and do not impair the printability. The addition amount is suitably 0.001 to 1.0 mass% with respect to the gum solution at the time of use.
[0070]
In addition to the above components, a sensitizer can be added as necessary. For example, turpentine oil, xylene, toluene, low heptane, solvent naphtha, kerosene, mineral spirit, hydrocarbons such as petroleum distillate having a boiling point of about 120 ° C. to about 250 ° C .; dibutyl phthalate, diheptyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, di (2 -Ethylhexyl) phthalate, dinonyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, dilauryl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate and other phthalic acid diesters; dioctyl adipate, butyl glycol adipate, dioctyl azelate, dibutyl sebacate, di (2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, Aliphatic dibasic acid esters such as dioctyl sebacate; Epoxidized triglycerides such as epoxidized soybean oil; Tricresyl phosphate, Trioctyl phosphate, Trischlor ethyl phosphate Phosphoric esters such as Eto; freezing point, such as benzoic acid esters of benzyl benzoate and 15 ℃ or less, plasticizers having a boiling point of not lower than 300 ° C. under 1013 hPa.
[0071]
Furthermore, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, helargonic acid, capric acid, undecyl acid, lauric acid, tridecylic acid, myristic acid, pentadecylic acid, palmitic acid, heptadecylic acid, stearic acid, nonadecanoic acid, arachic acid, behenic acid, lignoserine Saturated fatty acids such as acid, serotic acid, heptacosanoic acid, montanic acid, melicinic acid, lactelic acid, isovaleric acid, and acrylic acid, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, undecylenic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, celetic acid, nillic acid, buteticidin Examples also include unsaturated fatty acids such as acid, sorbic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, propiolic acid, stearolic acid, sardine acid, talylic acid and licanoic acid. More preferably, it is a fatty acid that is liquid at 50 ° C., more preferably 5 to 25 carbon atoms, and most preferably 8 to 21 carbon atoms.
[0072]
These sensitizers can be used alone or in combination of two or more. A preferred range for the amount used is 0.01 to 10% by mass of the gum, more preferably 0.05 to 5% by mass.
[0073]
The sensitizers as described above may be made into an emulsified and dispersed gum and contained as an oil phase thereof, or may be solubilized with the aid of a solubilizer.
[0074]
The solid concentration of the gum solution is preferably 5 to 30 g / L. The film thickness of the gum can be controlled by the conditions of the squeeze means of the automatic machine. Gum application amount is 1-10g / m2Is preferred. Gum application amount is 10g / m2If it exceeds 1, the printing plate surface needs to be very high in order to dry in a short time, which is disadvantageous in terms of cost and safety, and the effects of the present invention cannot be sufficiently obtained. On the other hand, 1g / m2If it is less than 1, uniform coating becomes difficult and stable processability cannot be obtained.
[0075]
In the present invention, the time from the end of the application of the gum solution to the start of drying is preferably 3 seconds or less. More preferably, it is 2 seconds or less, and the shorter the time is, the better the ink deposition property is.
[0076]
The drying time is preferably 1 to 5 seconds. When the drying time is longer than 5 seconds, the effect of the present invention cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the drying time is less than 1 second, it is necessary to make the printing plate surface very hot in order to sufficiently dry the planographic printing plate, which is not preferable from the viewpoint of safety and cost. As a drying method, a known drying method such as a warm air heater or a far infrared heater can be used.
[0077]
In the drying step, the solvent in the gum solution needs to be dried. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure a sufficient drying temperature and heater capacity. The temperature required for drying varies depending on the components of the gum solution, but in the case of a gum solution in which the solvent is water, the drying temperature is usually preferably 55 ° C. or higher. The heater capacity is often more important than the drying temperature, and the capacity is preferably 2.6 kW or more in the case of the hot air drying method. The larger the capacity, the better, but 2.6-7 kW is preferable in terms of balance with cost.
[0078]
(Wash before development)
The cleaning solution used in the cleaning step before development is usually water, but the following additives can be added as necessary.
[0079]
As the chelating agent, a compound that forms a chelate compound by coordination with a metal ion is used. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, its potassium salt, sodium salt, ethylenediamine disuccinic acid, its potassium salt, sodium salt, triethylenetetramine hexaacetic acid, its potassium salt, sodium salt, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, its potassium salt, sodium salt, hydroxyethylethylenediamine Triacetic acid, its potassium salt, sodium salt, nitriotriacetic acid, its potassium salt, sodium salt, 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid, its potassium salt, sodium salt, aminotri (methylenephosphonic acid), its potassium salt, Examples thereof include sodium salt, phosphonoalkanetricarboxylic acid, ethylenediamine disuccinic acid, potassium salt thereof, sodium salt and the like. Those chelating agents having an organic amine salt instead of the potassium salt and sodium salt are also effective. The addition amount of the chelating agent is suitably in the range of 0 to 3.0% by mass.
[0080]
As the surfactant, any of anionic, nonionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants can be used, and anionic or nonionic surfactants are preferred. The type of the preferred surfactant varies depending on the composition of the overcoat layer and the photosensitive layer, and in general, a surfactant that serves as a dissolution accelerator for the overcoat layer material and has a low solubility for the components of the photosensitive layer is preferable.
[0081]
Examples of the anionic surfactant and the nonionic surfactant include respective surfactants that can be added to the developer. A preferable addition amount of the surfactant is 0 to 10% by mass. Further, an antifoaming agent can be used in combination with the surfactant.
[0082]
Preservatives include phenol or derivatives thereof, formalin, imidazole derivatives, sodium dehydroacetate, 4-isothiazolin-3-one derivatives, benzisothiazolin-3-one, benzotriazole derivatives, amidine derivatives, quaternary ammonium salts, pyrozine, quinoline. , Derivatives of guanidine, diazine, triazole derivatives, oxazole, oxazine derivatives and the like.
[0083]
The cleaning solution used for pre-development cleaning is preferably used by adjusting the temperature, and the temperature is preferably in the range of 10 to 60 ° C. As a cleaning method, known processing liquid supply techniques such as spraying, dipping, and coating can be used, and processing promoting means such as a brush, a drawing roll, and a submerged shower in the dip processing can be used as appropriate.
[0084]
After completion of the pre-development washing process, the development process may be performed immediately, or after the pre-development washing process, the development process may be performed after drying. After the development step, known post-treatments such as washing with water, rinsing and gumming can be performed. The pre-development rinse water that has been used once or more can be reused in post-development rinse water, rinse solution, or gum solution.
[0085]
Next, the photosensitive lithographic printing plate will be described.
The photosensitive lithographic printing plate used in the present invention has a photosensitive layer formed on the surface of an aluminum support, and the photosensitive layer contains an ethylenically unsaturated bond-containing monomer (hereinafter referred to as an ethylenically unsaturated monomer). , Comprising a photopolymerization initiator and a polymer binder (binder).
[0086]
(Photopolymerization initiator)
Preferred photopolymerization initiators include trihalomethyl group-containing compounds, titanocene compounds, monoalkyltriarylborate compounds, and iron arene complex compounds. In the present invention, they are represented by the following general formula (1) or (2). The use of bromine compounds is preferred.
[0087]
General formula (1) R1CBr2-COR2
Where R1Represents a hydrogen atom, a bromine atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an acyl group, an alkylsulfonyl group, an arylsulfonyl group or a cyano group, and R2Represents a monovalent substituent. R1And R2May combine with each other to form a ring.
[0088]
General formula (2) CBrThree-CO-X-RThree
Where RThreeRepresents a monovalent substituent. X is O or NRFourRepresents RFourRepresents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group. RThreeAnd RFourMay combine with each other to form a ring.
[0089]
Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (1) or (2) are described as BR1 to BR66 in paragraphs “0120” to “0127” of Japanese Patent Application No. 2003-20330.
[0090]
Examples of the titanocene compound include compounds described in JP-A-63-41483 and JP-A-2-291. More preferred specific examples include bis (cyclopentadienyl) -Ti-di-chloride. , Bis (cyclopentadienyl) -Ti-bis-phenyl, bis (cyclopentadienyl) -Ti-bis-2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl, bis (cyclopentadienyl) -Ti -Bis-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl, bis (cyclopentadienyl) -Ti-bis-2,4,6-trifluorophenyl, bis (cyclopentadienyl) -Ti-bis-2 , 6-Difluorophenyl, bis (cyclopentadienyl) -Ti-bis-2,4-difluorophenyl, bis (methylcyclopentadienyl) -Ti- -2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl, bis (methylcyclopentadienyl) -Ti-bis-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl, bis (methylcyclopentadienyl)- Ti-bis-2,6-difluorophenyl (IRUGACURE 727L: manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals), bis (cyclopentadienyl) -bis (2,6-difluoro-3- (py-1-yl) phenyl) titanium ( IRUGACURE784: Ciba Specialty Chemicals), bis (cyclopentadienyl) -bis (2,4,6-trifluoro-3- (pyridin-1-yl) phenyl) titanium bis (cyclopentadienyl) -bis (2,4,6-trifluoro-3- (2-5-dimethylpy-1-yl) phenyl) titani Etc. The.
[0091]
Examples of the monoalkyl triaryl borate compound include compounds described in JP-A Nos. 62-150242 and 62-143044. More preferable specific examples include tetrabutylammonium butyl-trinaphthalene-1- Yl-borate, tetrabutylammonium butyl-triphenyl-borate, tetrabutylammonium butyl-tri (4-t-butylphenyl) -borate, tetrabutylammonium hexyl-tri (3-chloro-4-methylphenyl) -Borate, tetrabutylammonium hexyl-tri (3-fluorophenyl) -borate and the like.
[0092]
Examples of the iron arene complex compound include compounds described in JP-A-59-219307, and more preferable specific examples include η-benzene- (η-cyclopentadienyl) iron / hexafluorophosphate, η -Cumene- (η-cyclopentadienyl) iron / hexafluorophosphate, η-fluorene- (η-cyclopentadienyl) iron / hexafluorophosphate, η-naphthalene- (η-cyclopentadienyl) iron / hexa Fluorophosphate, η-xylene- (η-cyclopentadienyl) iron • hexafluorophosphate, η-benzene- (η-cyclopentadienyl) iron • tetrafluoroborate and the like.
[0093]
In addition, any photopolymerization initiator can be used in combination. For example, J. et al. Carbonyl compounds, organic sulfur compounds, persulfides, redox compounds, azo, diazo compounds, halogen compounds, and photoreductive dyes as described in Chapter 5 of “Light Sensitive Systems” by J. Kosar Etc. More specific compounds are disclosed in British Patent 1,459,563.
[0094]
That is, as a photopolymerization initiator that can be used in combination, the following can be used.
Benzoin derivatives such as benzoin methyl ether, benzoin-i-propyl ether, α, α-dimethoxy-α-phenylacetophenone; benzophenone, 2,4-dichlorobenzophenone, methyl o-benzoylbenzoate, 4,4′-bis (dimethyl) Benzophenone derivatives such as amino) benzophenone; thioxanthone derivatives such as 2-chlorothioxanthone and 2-i-propylthioxanthone; anthraquinone derivatives such as 2-chloroanthraquinone and 2-methylanthraquinone; N-methylacridone, N-butylacridone and the like In addition to α, α-diethoxyacetophenone, benzyl, fluorenone, xanthone and uranyl compounds, JP-B-59-1281, 61-9621 and JP-A-60-60104 Triazine derivatives; organic peroxides described in JP-A-59-1504 and JP-A-61-243807; JP-B-43-23684, JP-A-44-6413, JP-A-44-6413, JP-A-47-1604, and US patents Diazonium compounds described in US Pat. No. 3,567,453; organic azide compounds described in US Pat. Nos. 2,848,328 and 2,852,379 and 2,940,853; O-quinonediazides described in JP-A Nos. 13109, 38-18015 and 45-9610; JP-B-55-39162, JP-A-59-14023 and “Macromolecules”, Vol. 10, 1307 Various onium compounds described on page 1977; azo compounds described in JP-A-59-142205 Compound: JP-A-1-54440, European Patents 109,851, 126,712 and “Journal of Imaging Science (J. Imag. Sci.)”, Vol. 30, 174 (1986) (Oxo) sulfonium organoboron complexes described in Japanese Patent Application Nos. 4-56831 and 4-89535; “Coordination Chemistry Review” Vol. 84, pages 85-277 ”(1988) ) And transition metal complexes containing a transition metal such as ruthenium described in JP-A-2-182701; 2,4,5-triarylimidazole dimer described in JP-A-3-209477; carbon tetrabromide, JP Organic halogen compounds described in JP-A-59-107344, etc. .
[0095]
In the present invention, a combination of different kinds of photopolymerization initiators is preferable.
(Sensitizing dye)
When laser light is used as the light source, a sensitizing dye is preferably added to the photosensitive layer. It is preferable to use a dye having an absorption maximum wavelength in the vicinity of the wavelength of the light source.
[0096]
Examples of the compound for wavelength sensitization from visible light to near infrared, that is, a dye having an absorption maximum between 350 and 1300 nm include cyanine, phthalocyanine, merocyanine, porphyrin, spiro compound, ferrocene, fluorene, fulgide, imidazole, and perylene. , Phenazine, phenothiazine, polyene, xanthene, azo compound, diphenylmethane, triphenylmethane, polymethine acridine, coumarin, coumarin derivative, ketocoumarin, quinacridone, indigo, styryl, pyrylium compound, pyromethene compound, pyrazolotriazole compound, benzothiazole compound, barbi Examples include tool acid derivatives, thiobarbituric acid derivatives, ketoalcohol borate complexes, and the like, and further European Patent No. 568,993 and US Pat. 5,227,227 JP, JP 2001-125255, compounds described in JP-A 11-271969 Patent etc. are also used.
[0097]
Specific examples of the combination of the photopolymerization initiator and the sensitizing dye include combinations described in JP-A Nos. 2001-125255 and 11-271969.
[0098]
Furthermore, when recording using a semiconductor laser having an emission wavelength in the range of 380 to 430 nm as a laser beam of the light source, a so-called violet laser, it is desirable to include a dye having an absorption maximum between 350 and 450 nm. The dye having an absorption maximum between 350 and 450 nm is not particularly limited in structure, but the cyanine, phthalocyanine, merocyanine, porphyrin, spiro compound, ferrocene, fluorene, fulgide, imidazole, perylene, phenazine, phenothiazine, polyene described above. , Azo compounds, diphenylmethane, triphenylmethane, polymethine acridine, coumarin, coumarin derivatives, ketocoumarin, quinacridone, indigo, styryl, pyrylium compounds, pyromethene compounds, pyrazolotriazole compounds, benzothiazole compounds, barbituric acid derivatives, thiobarbituric acid Any pigment group such as a derivative and a keto alcohol borate complex can be used as long as the absorption maximum satisfies the requirement. Specifically, JP-A-2002-296664, 2002-268239, 2002-268238, 2002-268204, 2002-221790, 2002-202598, 2001-42524, 2000-309724, 2000-258910. , 2000-206690, 2000-147663, 2000-98605, and the like, but are not limited thereto.
[0099]
Although the compounding quantity of these photoinitiators is not specifically limited, Preferably it is 0.1-20 mass parts with respect to 100 mass parts of compounds which can be addition-polymerized or bridge | crosslinked. The blending ratio of the photopolymerization initiator and the sensitizing dye is preferably in the range of 1: 100 to 100: 1 in terms of molar ratio.
[0100]
(Ethylenically unsaturated monomer)
Examples of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer include general radical polymerizable monomers, polyfunctional monomers having a plurality of addition-polymerizable ethylenic double bonds in a molecule generally used for ultraviolet curable resins, Polyfunctional oligomers can be used.
[0101]
The compound is not limited, but preferable examples thereof include 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, glycerol acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, phenoxyethyl acrylate, nonylphenoxyethyl acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryloxyethyl acrylate, tetrahydrofurfur. Furyloxyhexanolide acrylate, or methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid ester obtained by replacing these acrylates with methacrylate, itaconate, crotonate, maleate; for example, ethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, pentaerythritol Diacrylate, hydroquinone diacrylate, resorcin diacrylate Hexanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, diacrylate of neopentyl glycol hydroxypivalate, diacrylate of neopentyl glycol adipate, diacrylate of ε-caprolactone adduct of neopentyl glycol hydroxypivalate , 2- (2-hydroxy-1,1-dimethylethyl) -5-hydroxymethyl-5-ethyl-1,3-dioxane diacrylate, tricyclodecane dimethylol acrylate, ε-caprolactone of tricyclodecane dimethylol acrylate Adducts, bifunctional acrylic esters such as diglycidyl ether diacrylate of 1,6-hexanediol, or methacrylates of these acrylates Methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, maleate instead of maleate, itaconate, crotonate, maleate; for example, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate, trimethylolethane triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate Acrylate, dipentaerythritol tetraacrylate, dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate, dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, ε-caprolactone adduct of dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, pyrogallol triacrylate, propionic acid / dipentaerythritol triacrylate, propionic acid / dipenta Erythritol tetraacrylate, hydroxypivalyl Examples thereof include polyfunctional acrylic acid esters such as aldehyde-modified dimethylolpropane triacrylate, or methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid ester and the like obtained by replacing these acrylates with methacrylate, itaconate, crotonate, and maleate.
[0102]
Prepolymers can also be used as described above. Examples of the prepolymer include compounds as described later, and a prepolymer obtained by introducing acrylic acid or methacrylic acid into an oligomer having an appropriate molecular weight and imparting photopolymerizability can be preferably used. These prepolymers may be used alone or in combination of two or more, and may be used by mixing with the above-mentioned monomers and / or oligomers.
[0103]
Examples of prepolymers include adipic acid, trimellitic acid, maleic acid, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, hymic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, itaconic acid, pyromellitic acid, fumaric acid, glutaric acid, pimelic acid, Polybasic acids such as sebacic acid, dodecanoic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, and ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene oxide, 1,4-butanediol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerin, trimethylol Polyester polymers obtained by introducing (meth) acrylic acid into polyesters obtained by combining polyhydric alcohols such as propane, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, 1,6-hexanediol and 1,2,6-hexanetriol. Relates such as bisphenol A, epichlorohydrin, (meth) acrylic acid, and epoxy acrylates in which (meth) acrylic acid is introduced into an epoxy resin such as phenol novolac, epichlorohydrin, (meth) acrylic acid, such as ethylene glycol, adipic acid Tolylene diisocyanate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, polyethylene glycol, tolylene diisocyanate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl phthalyl methacrylate, xylene diisocyanate, 1,2-polybutadiene glycol, tolylene diisocyanate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, Like trimethylolpropane, propylene glycol, tolylene diisocyanate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate Urethane acrylates in which (meth) acrylic acid is introduced into urethane resin, for example, polysiloxane acrylate, silicone resin acrylates such as polysiloxane, diisocyanate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, etc., and (meth) acryloyl group in oil-modified alkyd resin Examples thereof include prepolymers such as alkyd-modified acrylates and spirane resin acrylates introduced.
[0104]
The photosensitive composition according to the present invention includes phosphazene monomer, triethylene glycol, isocyanuric acid EO (ethylene oxide) modified diacrylate, isocyanuric acid EO modified triacrylate, dimethylol tricyclodecane diacrylate, trimethylolpropane acrylic acid. Addition-polymerizable oligomers and prepolymers having monomers such as benzoic acid esters, alkylene glycol-type acrylic acid-modified, urethane-modified acrylates, and structural units formed from the monomers can be contained.
[0105]
Further, examples of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer used in the present invention include a phosphoric acid ester compound containing at least one (meth) acryloyl group. The compound is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound in which at least part of the hydroxyl group of phosphoric acid is esterified and has a (meth) acryloyl group.
[0106]
In addition, JP 58-212994, 61-6649, 62-46688, 62-48589, 62-173295, 62-187092, 63-67189, JP-A-1 The compounds described in No. 244891 etc. can be mentioned, and further, “11290 Chemical Products”, Chemical Industry Daily, pages 286-294, “UV / EB Curing Handbook (Raw Materials)” Polymer Publication The compounds described in Kaikai, pages 11 to 65 can also be suitably used in the present invention. Among these, compounds having two or more (meth) acryl groups in the molecule are preferred in the present invention, and those having a molecular weight of 10,000 or less, more preferably 5,000 or less are preferred.
[0107]
In the present invention, it is preferable to use an addition-polymerizable ethylenic double bond-containing monomer containing a tertiary amino group in the molecule. Although there is no particular limitation on the structure, a tertiary amine compound having a hydroxyl group modified with glycidyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid chloride, acrylic acid chloride or the like is preferably used. Specifically, collectable compounds described in JP-A-1-165613, JP-A-1-203413, and JP-A-1-197213 are preferably used.
[0108]
Further, in the present invention, a reaction product of a polyhydric alcohol containing a tertiary amino group in the molecule, a diisocyanate compound, and a compound containing an ethylenic double bond capable of addition polymerization with a hydroxyl group in the molecule is used. Is preferred.
[0109]
Examples of the polyhydric alcohol containing a tertiary amino group in the molecule include triethanolamine, N-methyldiethanolamine, N-ethyldiethanolamine, N-butyldiethanolamine, Nt-butyldiethanolamine, N, N- Di (hydroxyethyl) aniline, N, N, N ′, N′-tetra-2-hydroxypropylethylenediamine, p-tolyldiethanolamine, N, N, N ′, N′-tetra-2-hydroxyethylethylenediamine, N, N-bis (2-hydroxypropyl) aniline, allyldiethanolamine, 3- (dimethylamino) -1,2-propanediol, 3-diethylamino-1,2-propanediol, N, N-dipropylamino-2,3 -Propanediol, N, N-di (i-propyl) a Roh-2,3-propanediol, 3- (N-methyl--N- benzylamino) -1,2-propane diol, and the like, without limitation.
[0110]
Examples of the diisocyanate compound include butane-1,4-diisocyanate, hexane-1,6-diisocyanate, 2-methylpentane-1,5-diisocyanate, octane-1,8-diisocyanate, 1,3-diisocyanate methyl-cyclohexanone. 2,2,4-trimethylhexane-1,6-diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, 1,2-phenylene diisocyanate, 1,3-phenylene diisocyanate, 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, tolylene-2,4-diisocyanate, tolylene- Examples include 2,5-diisocyanate, tolylene-2,6-diisocyanate, 1,3-di (isocyanatomethyl) benzene, 1,3-bis (1-isocyanato-1-methylethyl) benzene, and the like. Limited It is not.
[0111]
Examples of the compound containing an ethylenic double bond capable of addition polymerization with a hydroxyl group in the molecule include compounds such as MH-1 to MH-13 described below, but are not limited thereto. Preferable examples include 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropylene-1,3-dimethacrylate, 2-hydroxypropylene-1-methacrylate-3-acrylate, and the like. These reactions can be carried out in the same manner as a method for synthesizing urethane acrylate by a reaction of a normal diol compound, diisocyanate compound, and hydroxyl group-containing acrylate compound.
[0112]
Specific examples of reaction products of polyhydric alcohols containing a tertiary amino group in the molecule, diisocyanate compounds, and compounds containing an ethylenic double bond capable of addition polymerization with a hydroxyl group in the molecule are as follows. Shown in
[0113]
M-1: Reaction product of triethanolamine / hexane-1,6-diisocyanate / 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (1/3/3 mol)
M-2: Reaction product of triethanolamine / isophorone diisocyanate / 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (1/3/3 mol)
M-3: Reaction product of N-butyldiethanolamine / 1,3-bis (1-isocyanate-1-methylethyl) benzene / 2-hydroxypropylene-1-methacrylate-3-acrylate (1/2/2 mol) object
M-4: Reaction product of N-butyldiethanolamine / 1,3-di (isocyanatomethyl) benzene / 2-hydroxypropylene-1-methacrylate-3-acrylate (1/2/2 mol)
M-5: Reaction product of N-methyldiethanolamine / tolylene-2,4-diisocyanate / 2-hydroxypropylene-1,3-dimethacrylate (1/2/2 mol)
In addition, acrylates or alkyl acrylates described in JP-A-1-105238 and 2-127404 can be used.
[0114]
In the lithographic printing plate material of the present invention, the above monomer is preferably contained in the range of 1.0 to 80.0% by mass of the total amount of the photosensitive composition in the photosensitive layer, more preferably from 3.0 to It is in the range of 70.0% by mass.
[0115]
(Polymer binder)
Polymer binders used in the photosensitive layer include acrylic polymer, polyvinyl butyral resin, polyurethane resin, polyamide resin, polyester resin, epoxy resin, phenol resin, polycarbonate resin, polyvinyl butyral resin, polyvinyl formal resin, shellac, and others. Natural resins can be used. Two or more of these may be used in combination.
[0116]
Among these, vinyl copolymer obtained by copolymerization of acrylic monomers is preferable. Furthermore, the copolymer composition of the polymer binder is preferably a copolymer of (a) a carboxyl group-containing monomer, (b) a methacrylic acid alkyl ester or an acrylic acid alkyl ester.
[0117]
Specific examples of the carboxyl group-containing monomer include α, β-unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, itaconic acid, itaconic anhydride and the like. In addition, carboxylic acids such as phthalic acid and 2-hydroxymethacrylate half ester are also preferable.
[0118]
Specific examples of alkyl methacrylates and alkyl esters include methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, amyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, heptyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, nonyl methacrylate. , Decyl methacrylate, undecyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, amyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, heptyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, nonyl acrylate, acrylic In addition to unsubstituted alkyl esters such as decyl acid, undecyl acrylate and dodecyl acrylate, cyclic alkyl esters such as cyclohexyl methacrylate and cyclohexyl acrylate Substituted alkyl esters such as benzyl methacrylate, 2-chloroethyl methacrylate, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, benzyl acrylate, 2-chloroethyl acrylate, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, and glycidyl acrylate Also mentioned.
[0119]
Furthermore, in the polymer binder of the present invention, monomers described in the following (1) to (14) can be used as other copolymerization monomers.
[0120]
1) Monomers having an aromatic hydroxyl group, such as o- (or p-, m-) hydroxystyrene, o- (or p-, m-) hydroxyphenyl acrylate and the like.
[0121]
2) Monomers having an aliphatic hydroxyl group, such as 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, N-methylol acrylamide, N-methylol methacrylamide, 4-hydroxybutyl methacrylate, 5-hydroxypentyl acrylate, 5-hydroxypentyl methacrylate , 6-hydroxyhexyl acrylate, 6-hydroxyhexyl methacrylate, N- (2-hydroxyethyl) acrylamide, N- (2-hydroxyethyl) methacrylamide, hydroxyethyl vinyl ether and the like.
[0122]
3) A monomer having an aminosulfonyl group, such as m- (or p-) aminosulfonylphenyl methacrylate, m- (or p-) aminosulfonylphenyl acrylate, N- (p-aminosulfonylphenyl) methacrylamide, N- (p -Aminosulfonylphenyl) acrylamide and the like.
[0123]
4) Monomers having a sulfonamide group, such as N- (p-toluenesulfonyl) acrylamide, N- (p-toluenesulfonyl) methacrylamide and the like.
[0124]
5) Acrylamide or methacrylamides such as acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-ethylacrylamide, N-hexylacrylamide, N-cyclohexylacrylamide, N-phenylacrylamide, N- (4-nitrophenyl) acrylamide, N-ethyl-N- Phenylacrylamide, N- (4-hydroxyphenyl) acrylamide, N- (4-hydroxyphenyl) methacrylamide and the like.
[0125]
6) Monomers containing fluorinated alkyl groups such as trifluoroethyl acrylate, trifluoroethyl methacrylate, tetrafluoropropyl methacrylate, hexafluoropropyl methacrylate, octafluoropentyl acrylate, octafluoropentyl methacrylate, heptadecafluorodecyl methacrylate, N- Butyl-N- (2-acryloxyethyl) heptadecafluorooctylsulfonamide and the like.
[0126]
7) Vinyl ethers such as ethyl vinyl ether, 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether, propyl vinyl ether, butyl vinyl ether, octyl vinyl ether, phenyl vinyl ether and the like.
[0127]
8) Vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate, vinyl chloroacetate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl benzoate and the like.
[0128]
9) Styrenes such as styrene, methyl styrene, chloromethyl styrene and the like.
[0129]
10) Vinyl ketones such as methyl vinyl ketone, ethyl vinyl ketone, propyl vinyl ketone, and phenyl vinyl ketone.
[0130]
11) Olefins such as ethylene, propylene, i-butylene, butadiene, isoprene and the like.
[0131]
12) N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylcarbazole, 4-vinylpyridine and the like.
[0132]
13) Monomers having a cyano group, such as acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, 2-pentenenitrile, 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile, 2-cyanoethyl acrylate, o- (or m-, p-) cyanostyrene.
[0133]
14) A monomer having an amino group, such as N, N-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, polybutadiene urethane acrylate, N, N-dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide, N, N-dimethylacrylamide, acryloylmorpholine, Ni-propylacrylamide, N, N-diethylacrylamide and the like.
[0134]
Furthermore, other monomers that can be copolymerized with these monomers may be copolymerized.
Furthermore, an unsaturated bond-containing vinyl copolymer obtained by addition-reacting a compound having a (meth) acryloyl group and an epoxy group in the molecule to the carboxyl group present in the molecule of the vinyl copolymer. Is also preferred as a polymer binder.
[0135]
Specific examples of the compound containing both an unsaturated bond and an epoxy group in the molecule include glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, and an epoxy group-containing unsaturated compound described in JP-A No. 11-271969.
[0136]
These copolymers preferably have a mass average molecular weight of 1 to 200,000 as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), but are not limited to this range.
[0137]
The content of the polymer in the photosensitive layer is preferably in the range of 10 to 90% by mass of the total solid content of the photosensitive layer, more preferably 15 to 70% by mass, and use in the range of 20 to 50% by mass. This is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of sensitivity.
[0138]
The acid value of the resin is preferably used in the range of 10 to 150, more preferably 30 to 120, and particularly preferably in the range of 50 to 90, from the viewpoint of balancing the polarity of the entire photosensitive layer, Thereby, aggregation of the pigment in the photosensitive layer coating solution can be prevented.
[0139]
(Oxygen barrier layer)
For the oxygen barrier layer, a water-soluble polymer capable of forming a film having low oxygen permeability is used. Specifically, it contains polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone. Polyvinyl alcohol has an effect of suppressing permeation of oxygen, and polyvinyl pyrrolidone has an effect of ensuring adhesiveness with an adjacent photosensitive layer.
[0140]
In addition to the above two polymers, polysaccharides, polyethylene glycol, gelatin, glue, casein, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl starch, gum arabic, sucrose octaacetate, ammonium alginate, sodium alginate as required Water-soluble polymers such as polyvinylamine, polyethylene oxide, polystyrene sulfonic acid, polyacrylic acid, and water-soluble polyamide can also be used in combination.
[0141]
In the lithographic printing plate material of the present invention, the peeling force between the photosensitive layer and the overcoat layer is preferably 0.343 N / cm or more, more preferably 0.49 N / cm or more, still more preferably 0.735 N / cm or more. It is. Preferred overcoat layer compositions include those described in Japanese Patent Application No. 8-161645.
[0142]
The peeling force in the present invention is that when an adhesive tape having a predetermined width is applied on the overcoat layer and the adhesive tape is peeled off with the overcoat layer at an angle of 90 degrees with respect to the plane of the planographic printing plate material. The force was measured.
[0143]
The overcoat layer can further contain a surfactant, a matting agent and the like as required. The overcoat layer composition is dissolved in a suitable solvent, applied onto the photosensitive layer and dried to form an overcoat layer. The main component of the coating solvent is particularly preferably water or alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, i-propanol.
[0144]
The thickness of the overcoat layer is preferably from 0.1 to 5.0 μm, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 3.0 μm.
[0145]
【Example】
Although a synthesis example, a support preparation example, and an example are specifically shown below, embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. Unless otherwise specified, “part” in the examples represents “part by mass” and “%” represents “% by mass”.
[0146]
<Binder synthesis>
In a three-necked flask under a nitrogen stream, 30 parts of methacrylic acid, 50 parts of methyl methacrylate, 20 parts of ethyl methacrylate, 500 parts of i-propyl alcohol and 3 parts of α, α'-azobisisobutyronitrile are placed in a nitrogen stream. The reaction was performed in an oil bath at 80 ° C. for 6 hours. Then, after refluxing at the boiling point of i-propyl alcohol for 1 hour, 3 parts of triethylammonium chloride and 25 parts of glycidyl methacrylate were added and reacted for 3 hours to obtain an acrylic copolymer 1. The weight average molecular weight measured using GPC (gel permeation chromatography) was about 35,000, and the glass transition temperature (Tg) measured using DSC (differential thermal analysis) was about 85 ° C.
[0147]
<Production of support>
An aluminum plate (material 1050, tempered H16) having a thickness of 0.3 mm was immersed in a 5% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution maintained at 65 ° C., degreased for 1 minute, and then washed with water. This degreased aluminum plate was neutralized by dipping in a 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid solution maintained at 25 ° C. for 1 minute, and then washed with water. Next, the aluminum plate was placed in a 0.3% nitric acid aqueous solution at 25 ° C. and a current density of 100 A / dm.2Under the above conditions, electrolytic surface roughening was performed for 60 seconds with an alternating current, followed by desmutting treatment for 10 seconds in a 5% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution maintained at 60 ° C. The desmutted roughened aluminum plate was anodized in a 15% sulfuric acid solution at 25 ° C., a current density of 10 A / dm 2 and a voltage of 15 V for 1 minute, and further 1% polyvinylphosphonic acid at 75 ° C. Hydrophilic treatment was performed to prepare a support. The center line average roughness (Ra) of the support surface was 0.65 μm.
[0148]
<Preparation of lithographic printing plate material>
On the support, a photosensitive layer coating solution 1 having the following composition was dried at 1.5 g / m.2Then, it was coated with a wire bar and dried at 95 ° C. for 1.5 minutes to obtain a photosensitive layer coated sample.
(Photosensitive layer coating solution 1)
Addition-polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer (M-3) 25.0 parts
Addition-polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer (NK ester 4G: polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.) 25.0 parts
Photopolymerization initiator (T-1) 2.0 parts
Photopolymerization initiator (T-2) 2.0 parts
Photopolymerization initiator (BR-22) 1.0 part
Photopolymerization initiator (BR-43) 1.0 part
Spectral sensitizing dye (D-1) 1.5 parts
Spectral sensitizing dye (D-2) 1.5 parts
Acrylic copolymer 1 40.0 parts
Phthalocyanine pigment (MHI454: manufactured by Gokoku Color Co., Ltd.) 6.0 parts
2-t-butyl-6- (3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl) -4-methylphenyl acrylate (Sumilyzer GS: manufactured by Sumitomo 3M) 0.5 parts
Fluorine-based surfactant (F-178K: manufactured by Dainippon Ink & Co.) 0.5 part
80 parts of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)
820 parts of cyclohexanone
On the photosensitive layer-coated sample, an oxygen barrier layer coating solution having the following composition was dried at 1.8 g / m.2The photosensitive lithographic printing plate sample 1 having an oxygen blocking layer on the photosensitive layer was obtained by applying with an applicator so as to become and drying at 75 ° C. for 1.5 minutes.
(Oxygen barrier layer coating solution 1)
Polyvinyl alcohol (GL-05: Nippon Synthetic Chemical Co., Ltd.) 89 parts
10 parts of water-soluble polyamide (P-70: manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.)
Surfactant (Surfinol 465: Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 0.5 part
900 parts of water
Example 2
A photosensitive lithographic printing plate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the photosensitive layer coating solution 1 was changed to the photosensitive layer coating solution 2 having the following composition.
(Photosensitive layer coating solution 2)
Addition-polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer (M-3) 25.0 parts
Addition-polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer (NK ester 4G: supra) 25.0 parts
Photopolymerization initiator (Ar-1) 4.0 parts
Photopolymerization initiator (BR-22) 1.0 part
Photopolymerization initiator (BR-43) 1.0 part
Spectral sensitizing dye (D-3) 3.0 parts
Acrylic copolymer 1 40.0 parts
4.0 parts of N-phenylglycine benzyl ester
Phthalocyanine pigment (MHI454: manufactured by Gokoku Color Co., Ltd.) 6.0 parts
2-t-butyl-6- (3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl) -4-methylphenyl acrylate (supra) 0.5 part
Fluorosurfactant (F-178K: supra) 0.5 part
80 parts of methyl ethyl ketone
820 parts of cyclohexanone
The structures of the photopolymerization initiator and spectral sensitizing dye used in photosensitive layer coating solutions 1 and 2 are shown below.
[0149]
[Chemical formula 2]
[0150]
[Chemical 3]
[0151]
<Exposure / Development>
The photosensitive lithographic printing plates 1 and 2 thus prepared were subjected to 2540 dpi (dpi = 1 inch, that is, 2.54 cm per dot) using a CTP exposure apparatus (Tigercat: manufactured by ECRM) equipped with an FD-YAG laser light source. Image exposure at a resolution of
[0152]
Next, a pre-rinsing part for removing the oxygen blocking layer before development, a developing part filled with a developer having the following composition, a washing part for removing the developer adhering to the plate surface, and a gum solution for protecting the image line part having the following composition Development processing was performed with a CTP automatic developing machine (PHW23-V: manufactured by Technology). The development was carried out at 500 m 2 so that the area ratio of the image area to the non-image area was 1: 9. The automatic developing machine manufactured by Technigraph: PHW32-V is used, and the development replenisher is 50 ml / m.2The plate surface protective agent solution is 20 ml / m2The processing solution was replenished so that
<Evaluation of printing plate>
500m2Using the printing plate obtained after completion of development, printing was performed under the following conditions, and the ink smear of the non-image area and the ink inking property of printing were evaluated.
[0153]
(Printing conditions)
With a printing machine (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd .: DAIYA1F-1), coated paper, printing ink (Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc .: soybean oil ink “Naturalis 100”) and fountain solution (Tokyo Ink Co., Ltd. H liquid SG- 51, concentration 1.5%).
[0154]
<Non-image area ink smear>
About the non-image part of the 100th printed matter, the spotted ink stain within 100 cm <2> was visually evaluated.
[0155]
A: Ink smear is not observed in non-image area
○: Ink stains are hardly observed in non-image areas
Δ: Slight ink stains are observed in the non-image area, but can be used as printed matter
×: Ink stains are observed in the non-image area and cannot be used as printed matter
<Ink fillability during printing>
The number of sheets until the ink was normally deposited on the image portion of the printed matter from the printing start was evaluated as the inking property. The standard of evaluation is as follows.
[0156]
0 to 20 sheets: acceptable range
21-30 sheets: allowable limit
31 or more: Problem level
The results are shown in Table 1.
[0157]
[Table 1]
[0158]
From the results in Table 1, the effect of the present invention is clear.
[0159]
【The invention's effect】
According to the processing method of the present invention, the non-image portion is less likely to be smeared when printing is resumed, and the ink deposition property at the start of printing can be improved.
Claims (4)
化合物A RO(C3H6O)m(CH2CH2O)nH
ここで、Rは置換基を有してもよい炭素数8〜11のアルキル基を表し、mは1〜5、nは2〜30の整数を表す。Image exposure and development of a lithographic printing plate having a photosensitive layer comprising a photosensitive resin composition containing an ethylenically unsaturated bond-containing monomer, a photopolymerization initiator and a polymer binder on the surface of an aluminum plate support After processing, the processing method of the photosensitive lithographic printing plate characterized by processing by the aqueous solution containing the following compound A and anionic surfactant.
Compound A RO (C 3 H 6 O) m (CH 2 CH 2 O) n H
Here, R represents an alkyl group having 8 to 11 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, m represents 1 to 5, and n represents an integer of 2 to 30.
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