JP4262134B2 - Construction spacers and concrete structures - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a construction spacer and a concrete structure for maintaining a skeletal material such as a reinforcing bar in a predetermined position before concrete construction in a concrete structure such as a building, a bridge, or an expressway.

  Conventionally, in the manufacture of concrete structures such as buildings, bridges, and highways, first, the concrete is placed in a predetermined position within the mold of the desired shape, and the ready-mixed concrete is cast. The frame is removed. The strength and durability of a concrete structure are greatly influenced by the thickness, number and arrangement of reinforcing bars.

  By the way, it is necessary to arrange the reinforcing bars at predetermined positions in terms of horizontality, inclination, height, etc. before placing concrete. Therefore, as a means for maintaining the arrangement of the reinforcing bars as designed, a construction spacer for fixing the reinforcing bars at a predetermined position in the mold is used.

  Conventionally, construction spacers made of mortar have been used as construction spacers. This mortar spacer is manufactured, for example, by putting a mortar made of hard-kneaded cement and sand into a mold frame and applying pressure from above. Examples of the mortar spacer include a donut shape, a dice shape, a horseshoe shape, a chair shape, and the like provided with a hole of about 5 to 15 mm in the center of a disk having a thickness of about 10 to 20 mm.

  Since the mortar spacer has high rigidity, it is particularly convenient for holding a heavy reinforcing bar. Moreover, since mortar is the same quality as concrete, it is excellent in the adhesiveness of the poured concrete and the mortar spacer. However, mortar spacers are vulnerable to impacts, so that they are easily chipped, and the water absorption rate is as high as about 5%, so that corrosion of the reinforcing bars tends to occur.

  As a solution to the above drawbacks, there is a plastic construction spacer made of high-density polyethylene, and the plastic spacer is excellent in low-temperature durability, workability, surface smoothness, and economy. There is also a great advantage that there is no water absorption. However, since the plastic spacer is different from concrete, the adhesion with the concrete during construction is poor, so that a void is easily generated at the boundary between the two, which may adversely affect the concrete structure. Also, the plastic spacer lacked thermal durability at high temperatures.

  Therefore, in Patent Document 1, it is shown that a ceramic spacer is used as a construction spacer for supporting a skeleton material such as a reinforcing bar before concrete construction. However, the unit spacers made of ceramic are used, and the spacer elements are not connected. Moreover, in patent document 2, the thing made from the mortar or the concrete made from a regular octagonal column with equal height and opposite side distance is used as a construction spacer. In Patent Document 3, a concrete block having three or more pairs of parallel surfaces facing each other as a reinforcing bar spacer that is inserted between the foundation surface and the lowest reinforcing bar of the reinforcing bar structure to secure the cover. The body is provided with a groove capable of accommodating a reinforcing bar on one of three or more pairs of surfaces.

In Patent Document 4, a part of a reinforcing bar is protruded to secure a space, and in Patent Document 5, a connecting member is welded to a reinforcing bar support portion made of a reinforcing bar, and the bending of the connecting member is performed. The part which formed the space | interval holding | maintenance part equivalent to cover thickness by the part, and gave the plastic cap to the front-end | tip part is shown.
JP-A-11-303318 JP 2002-106114 A Utility Model Registration No. 3097905 JP-A-8-128154 JP-A-8-120933

  In each of the above-mentioned patent documents, the unit spacers are individually arranged to form a cover, and for this reason, the engagement relationship between the spacer and the reinforcing bar is stable during operation. In some cases, it is difficult to secure the cover, the workability is poor, and it is difficult to secure an appropriate cover and to secure the correct posture of the reinforcing bar structure.

  The inventor has paid attention to the fact that the engagement relationship with the reinforcing bar structure can be made stable by making the spacer into a rod shape, and the rod-shaped spacer is made up of a plurality of unit length spacer elements by a flexible connecting member. It has been found that it can be formed by connection and its length can be freely adjusted.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and can stabilize the engagement relationship with a skeleton material such as a reinforcing bar, has good workability, and ensures safety and cover. An object of the present invention is to obtain a construction spacer and a concrete structure capable of ensuring the reliability.

  A construction spacer according to claim 1 of the present invention is a construction spacer for supporting a skeleton material such as a reinforcing bar before concrete construction, and penetrates a plurality of unit length spacer bodies through the spacer body. It is configured by connecting in a rod shape with a flexible connecting member.

  By providing the both ends of the spacer element with irregularities that engage with the spacer element to be connected, engagement with the spacer element to be connected is facilitated. Also, by connecting a plurality of spacer elements in a rod shape with a flexible connecting member, the length of the construction spacer can be easily increased and decreased, and it becomes easy to cope with changes in the cover size of the concrete structure. It becomes easy to respond at the construction site.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a concrete structure in which the construction spacer according to the first aspect is disposed in a direction intersecting with the framework material.

  The spacer element body includes fixed or non-fixed legs. In the case of a non-fixed leg, the spacer body is movable and interference with the skeleton material can be avoided. Further, the cover size can be changed by exchanging the legs.

  A concrete structure according to a third aspect is obtained by arranging the construction spacer according to the first aspect in a direction parallel to the skeleton material.

  By providing the spacer body with a recess for receiving the skeleton material, the engagement between the two becomes stable, and by providing a plurality of the recesses, the positional relationship between the two becomes free.

  In the construction spacer or concrete structure according to claim 4, the spacer body is made of an inorganic material.

  The inorganic material is ceramics (alumina, mullite, cordierite, ceramics containing these), mortar, concrete, brick, or the like.

  In the construction spacer or the concrete structure according to claim 5, the connecting member is made of a non-metallic material.

  The non-metallic material is, for example, an organic substance (plastic, natural fiber, or a composite thereof) or a composite of inorganic fiber and organic fiber.

  As described above, according to the present invention, a plurality of unit length spacer elements are connected by a flexible connecting member to form a rod-shaped construction spacer, which is engaged with a skeleton member such as a reinforcing bar. The relationship can be stable. In addition, a concrete structure using the construction spacer can be formed stably, safely and with good workability, and the cover can be ensured.

Best Embodiment 1
The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 (a) and 1 (b) show a block diagram of a concrete structure according to the first embodiment at the time of placing concrete and a partially omitted front view of a construction spacer, wherein 1 is a lower formwork, and 2 and 3 are sides. It is a part form frame, and the temporary frame 4 is assembled by these. 6 is a structure of the reinforcing bar 5 assembled in the temporary frame 4, and a round bar-shaped construction spacer 7 for forming a predetermined cover dimension is provided between the lower mold 1 and the reinforcing bar structure 6. Arrange. The construction spacer 7 is formed by connecting a flexible connecting member 9 to a plurality of unit length spacer elements 8 so as to have a rod shape having a predetermined length. The spacer body 8 is formed of an inorganic material such as ceramics, concrete, mortar, or brick of various components, and the connection member 9 is formed of a heat-resistant flexible rope made of a nonmetallic material. As the non-metallic material, an organic substance (plastic, natural fiber, composite of these) or a composite of inorganic fiber and organic fiber is used. Concrete is placed in the space inside the temporary frame 4 and after the concrete is solidified, the molds 1 to 3 are removed to form a concrete structure.

  2 (a) and 2 (b) show the flexible state and the rod-like state of the construction spacer 7, and a convex portion 8a and a concave portion 8b are formed at both ends of the spacer element body 8 and connected to the center. An insertion hole 8c having substantially the same diameter as the member 9 is formed. Reference numeral 10 denotes a terminal member made of plastic or the like that fits into the recess 8b of the spacer element 8, and has a slit 10a and a recess 10b. Reference numeral 11 denotes a terminal member made of plastic or the like having a concave portion 11a fitted to the convex portion 8a of the spacer element body 8, and has an insertion hole 11b having a diameter slightly smaller than the insertion hole 8c of the spacer element body 8. Reference numeral 12 denotes a jig having a recess 12a that fits with the spacer body 8 and the terminal member 11, and also has an insertion hole 12b through which the connection member 9 is inserted. The diameter of the insertion hole 12 b is larger than the diameter of the connection member 9.

  In the construction spacer 7 described above, at the time of transportation, as shown in FIG. 2A, one end of the connection member 9 is engaged with the recess 10b through the slit 10a of the terminal member 10, and this connection member 9 is connected to each spacer element. The insertion hole 8c of the body 8 is inserted with a margin, and is also inserted into the insertion holes 11b and 12b of the terminal member 11 and the jig 12 so as to be flexible as a whole. Thereby, the package shape at the time of transportation becomes free, and it can be made into a winding shape and can be easily transported. At the site, as shown in FIG. 2B, the other end of the connecting member 9 is pulled strongly, the insertion hole 11b of the terminal member 11 serves as a stopper, and the terminal member 10 is connected to the recess 8b of the spacer element 8 and The protrusion 8a of the spacer element 8 is engaged with the recess 8b of the next spacer element 8, the recess 11a of the terminal member 11 is engaged with the protrusion 8a of the spacer element 8, and the jig 12 The spacer element body 8 and the terminal member 11 are fitted into the recess 12a, and the portion protruding from the terminal member 11 at the other end of the connecting member 9 is cut into an appropriate length. As a result, the construction spacer 7 becomes a non-flexible rod and can be used.

  Of course, if it is made into a rod shape as shown in FIG. 2 (b) from the beginning, it can be used immediately. In addition, if various lengths of the spacer body 8 are prepared, it is possible to easily cope with a dimensional change in the field, and the number of the spacer bodies 8 to be connected by the connecting member 9 is increased or decreased. Therefore, it is possible to easily cope with dimensional changes in the field. In addition, although the convex part 8a and the concave part 8b which gave the inclined surface to the convex part 8a and the recessed part 8b of the spacer element | base_body 8 were used, it is good also as the convex part 8a and the recessed part 8b which made this inclined surface flat.

  3 (a) and 3 (b) are sectional views of modified examples of the spacer element body 8. In FIG. 3 (a), a mortar or resin between the insertion hole 8c of the spacer element body 8 and the connecting member 9 is shown. In FIG. 3B, the adhesive 13 made of mortar or resin is filled and fixed between the insertion hole 8c of the spacer element 8 and the connecting member 9 in FIG. The base body 8 is provided with an adhesive filling hole 8d communicating with the insertion hole 8c. Thus, by filling the insertion hole 13 with the adhesive 13, the construction spacer 7 is stabilized as a rod-shaped member.

  4A and 4B show the arrangement direction of the construction spacer 7 and the reinforcing bar 5, and FIG. 4A shows the case where the construction spacer 7 is arranged in the crossing direction with respect to the reinforcing bar 5. FIG. 4B shows a case where the construction spacer 7 is arranged in parallel with the reinforcing bar 5.

  FIGS. 5A to 5D show a modification of the spacer element 8 in the case where the construction spacer 7 is arranged crossing the reinforcing bar 5, and FIG. 5A shows the outer shape of the spacer element 8 as a rectangular shape. (B) is the case where the outer shape of the spacer element body 8 is a polygonal shape, (c) is the case where the outer shape of the spacer element body 8 is an oval shape, and (d) is the case where the outer shape of the spacer element body 8 is an oval shape. And it is a case where the insertion hole 8c of the connection member 9 is made into multiple.

  6 (a) to 6 (c) show a modification of the spacer element 8 when the construction spacers 7 are crossed with respect to the reinforcing bars 5, and FIG. 6 (a) shows the spacer element 8 and the mold 1 A pair of leg portions 8e is provided between the two. The leg 8e is fixed to the spacer body 8 with an adhesive. In this case, the cover size can be changed by exchanging with the leg portion 8e having a different height. In the case of FIG. 6B, the leg 8e bonded to the lower part of the spacer element 8 is formed into one long one, and the weight of the reinforcing bar 5 placed on the upper part of the spacer element 8 is large. Suitable for heavy cases. In the case of FIG. 6C, the leg 8 e provided at the lower part of the spacer element 8 is formed integrally with the spacer element 8.

  7 (a) and 7 (b), in the same manner, when the construction spacer 7 is arranged crossing the reinforcing bar 5, the spacer body 8 and the leg 8e are separately formed and both are movably fitted. Thus, when the position of the reinforcing bar 5 interferes with the leg 8e, the leg 8e can be moved. Thereafter, the spacer body 8 and the leg 8e are bonded and fixed with an adhesive as necessary.

  FIGS. 8A and 8B also show the case where the construction spacer 7 is arranged to intersect the reinforcing bar 5, and the spacer element bodies 8 provided in series are supported by two leg portions 8 e that are not fixed respectively. . In this case, since one of the reinforcing bars 5 and the leg 8e interferes, one leg 8e tries to move in the A direction, but is positioned at the end of the spacer element body 8 as indicated by a one-dot chain line. This is not preferable. In this case, one leg 8e of the adjacent spacer element 8 is moved closer to the end of the spacer element 8, that is, in the B direction to support the weight of the reinforcing bar 5. Thereafter, the spacer body 8 and each leg portion 8e are bonded with an adhesive as necessary.

  9 (a) to 9 (c) also show a modification of the non-fixed leg portion of the spacer element when the construction spacer 7 is arranged crossing the reinforcing bar 5, and FIG. The leg part 8e in which the engaging part 8f forms the curved-surface-like stable engaging part is shown. Reference numeral 8 g denotes a fitting hole that is movable with the spacer body 8. FIG. 9B shows a leg portion 8e having an outer shape of an octagon, and FIG. 9C shows a leg portion 8e having an outer shape of a polygon.

  10 (a) to 10 (d) show a modified example of the spacer element body and the non-fixed leg part when the construction spacer 7 and the reinforcing bar 5 are crossed, and FIG. 10 (a) is a round bar-shaped spacer element element. The circular leg 8e is movably fitted to the outer periphery of FIG. 8, and FIG. 10 (b) is a figure in which the circular leg 8e is movably fitted around the octagonal spacer element 8. is there. 10 (c) shows a hexagonal leg 8e movably fitted to the outer periphery of a round bar-shaped spacer element 8, and FIG. 10 (d) shows an outer periphery of the octagonal spacer element 8. In addition, an octagonal leg portion 8e is movably fitted.

  In the first embodiment, the spacer element 8 having a plurality of unit lengths is connected in a rod shape by a flexible connecting member 9 penetrating the spacer element 8 to form the construction spacer 7. The concrete structure using the construction spacer 7 for supporting the reinforcing bar 5 can be configured stably, safely and with good workability, and the cover can be secured with certainty. It can be carried out. Therefore, a highly durable concrete structure can be constructed safely and inexpensively with good workability. In addition, the convex portions 6a and the concave portions 8b are provided at both ends of the spacer element body 8 so that the spacer elements 8 can be easily connected to each other. The length of the construction spacer 7 can be increased by increasing or decreasing the number of spacer element bodies 8 to be connected. This makes it easy to adjust the cover size. Furthermore, the spacers 8 for construction can be made flexible by connecting with the connecting members 9 with a margin to each spacer element body 8, so that the packaging during transportation is free. Transportation can be facilitated.

  Further, by providing the non-fixed leg portion 8e on the spacer body 8, the spacer body 8 or the leg portion 8e can be moved, and interference with the reinforcing bar 5 can be avoided. Further, the cover size can be changed by replacing the leg portion 8e.

Embodiment 2
11 (a) to 11 (d) show a modified example of the spacer element when the construction spacer and the reinforcing bar according to the second embodiment of the present invention are arranged in parallel, and FIG. 11 (a) shows the spacer. The element body 8 has a quadrangular cross section, and a concave portion 8h that fits the reinforcing bar 5 is provided on one surface thereof. FIG. 11B shows the spacer element body 8 having a quadrangular shape, and the reinforcing bars 5 are formed on the two opposing surfaces. And a recess 8h to be fitted. Further, in FIG. 11C, the spacer element body 8 has a quadrangular shape, and concave portions 8h for fitting the reinforcing bars 5 are provided on the four surfaces thereof. Furthermore, in FIG.11 (d), the spacer element | base_body 8 is made into the trapezoid which makes a larger area the lower surface, and the recessed part 8h fitted with the reinforcing bar 5 is provided in the upper surface with a small area. Therefore, the mold 1 and the rising surface of the spacer body 8 are at an angle C of 90 degrees or more.

  In the second embodiment, since the recess 8h that fits the reinforcing bar 5 is provided in the spacer element 8, the engagement between the two becomes stable, and the arrangement of both can be freely made by providing a plurality of the recesses 8h. Further, when the spacer body 8 is trapezoidal with the larger area as the lower surface, the angle between the mold 1 and the rising surface of the spacer body 8 is 90 degrees or more, so that concrete is placed It is possible to prevent this portion from being lost.

It is the block diagram at the time of concrete pouring of the concrete structure by Embodiment 1 of this invention, and a partially-omission front view of the construction spacer. It is the flexibility state figure and rod-like state figure of the construction spacer by Embodiment 1 best. It is sectional drawing which shows the modification of the spacer element | base_body of the spacer for construction by Embodiment 1. FIG. It is explanatory drawing at the time of making the spacer for construction by Embodiment 1 crossing with a reinforcing bar, and explanatory drawing at the time of setting it in parallel with a reinforcing bar. It is a figure which shows the modification of a spacer element | base_body at the time of making the construction spacer by Embodiment 1 cross | intersect with a reinforcing bar. It is a figure which shows the modification which provided the fixed leg part in the spacer element | base_body, when the construction spacer by Embodiment 1 is made into crossing arrangement | positioning with a reinforcing bar. It is the side view and front view of the spacer element | base_body which provided the non-fixed leg part when the construction spacer by Embodiment 1 is made to cross | intersect a reinforcing bar. It is the side view and front view of the connection spacer element | base_body which provided the non-fixing leg part when the construction spacer by Embodiment 1 was made into crossing arrangement | positioning with a reinforcing bar. It is a figure which shows the modification of the non-fixing leg part of a spacer element | base_body at the time of making the construction spacer by Embodiment 1 cross | intersect with a reinforcing bar. It is a figure which shows the modification of a spacer element | base_body and an unfixed leg part at the time of making the construction spacer by Embodiment 1 cross | intersect with a reinforcing bar. FIG. 10 is a view showing a modified example of the spacer element when the construction spacer according to the second embodiment is arranged in parallel with the reinforcing bar.

Explanation of symbols

4 ... Temporary frame 5 ... Reinforcing bar 6 ... Reinforcing bar structure 7 ... Construction spacer 8 ... Spacer element 8a ... Convex part 8b, 8h ... Concave part 8e ... Leg part 8c ... Insertion hole 9 ... Connecting member 13 ... Adhesive

Claims (5)

  A construction spacer for supporting a skeleton material such as a reinforcing bar before concrete construction, wherein a plurality of unit length spacer elements are connected in a rod shape by a flexible connecting member penetrating the spacer element. Construction spacer characterized by that.   A concrete structure characterized in that the construction spacer according to claim 1 is arranged in a direction intersecting with the framework material.   A concrete structure characterized in that the construction spacer according to claim 1 is arranged in a direction parallel to the framework material.   The spacer for construction or the concrete structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the spacer body is made of an inorganic material.   The construction spacer or concrete structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the connecting member is made of a non-metallic material.

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