Deprecated: The each() function is deprecated. This message will be suppressed on further calls in /home/zhenxiangba/zhenxiangba.com/public_html/phproxy-improved-master/index.php on line 456
JP4272852B2 - Carbon black-containing lubricating oil composition - Google Patents
[go: Go Back, main page]

JP4272852B2 - Carbon black-containing lubricating oil composition - Google Patents

Carbon black-containing lubricating oil composition Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP4272852B2
JP4272852B2 JP2002195141A JP2002195141A JP4272852B2 JP 4272852 B2 JP4272852 B2 JP 4272852B2 JP 2002195141 A JP2002195141 A JP 2002195141A JP 2002195141 A JP2002195141 A JP 2002195141A JP 4272852 B2 JP4272852 B2 JP 4272852B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
carbon black
lubricating oil
mass
oil
oil composition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP2002195141A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2004035737A (en
Inventor
英継 山本
美喜 囲
登 古木
修 黒澤
功 栗原
峰夫 加賀谷
直靜 徳岡
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corp
Eneos Corp
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corp
Nippon Oil Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Chemical Corp, Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corp, Nippon Oil Corp filed Critical Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
Priority to JP2002195141A priority Critical patent/JP4272852B2/en
Publication of JP2004035737A publication Critical patent/JP2004035737A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP4272852B2 publication Critical patent/JP4272852B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Landscapes

  • Testing Of Engines (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、カーボンブラック含有潤滑油組成物に関し、詳しくは、すす混入潤滑油と同等の摩耗特性を発揮する、摩耗評価試験用に好適なカーボンブラック含有潤滑油組成物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、自動車等のエンジンの排出ガス規制(例えばNOx規制等)がより厳しくなり、NOx低減に有効なリーンバーンエンジン、NOx吸蔵還元触媒等の排ガス浄化触媒、あるいは排出ガス再循環(EGR)装置等の導入が進められている。EGR装置が装着されたエンジンにおいては、排出ガス中のすすが従来以上にエンジン油に混入しやすく、エンジン摺動部の摩耗量が著しく増大することが懸念されている。特に最近では、中〜大型ディーゼルエンジンにもEGR装置が導入される動きがあり、エンジン摺動部の摩耗に与えるすすの影響評価を充分に検討しておく必要がある。
【0003】
ところで、エンジンの動弁系やピストンリング等の摺動部品の摩耗評価をするためには、エンジン試験を少なくとも300〜1000時間行い、その後分解して評価する必要があるが、エンジン試験部品、燃料代、エンジン組み立て・分解などを含め、多大な経費と時間が必要である。また、エンジン試験終了後に得られたエンジン油(使用油)を使用して摺動部品の実験室での摩耗評価試験を行うことも可能であるが、すすの混入した使用油は少量(オイルパン容量分)しか採取できず、また、すす混入量もエンジン試験毎に異なるため、一定品質のすす混入油を用いた摩耗評価を行うには自ずと制限がある。
【0004】
一方、このようなすす混入油の代わりにカーボンブラックや金属粉、樹脂成分等の物質が混合された市販潤滑油を使用したり、任意の潤滑油に市販カーボンブラックを混合したものを使用することで、摺動部品の摩耗を評価することも検討されているが、カーボンブラックの性状やその分散状態により、エンジン試験における摺動部品の摩耗や使用油を使用した摩耗試験の場合の摩耗と著しく異なる結果が得られるという問題があった。例えば、JIS D 1611に記載の「SOFTC−2A」(POWDER TECHNOLOGY INC.製)は、添加物質の性状がエンジン試験使用油に含まれるすすとは異なるだけでなく、実際に使用される潤滑油添加剤が配合されていないために、エンジン試験で得られる摩耗特性と大幅に異なり、また、古木らの開示する、表面を酸化処理したカーボンブラックを混合した内燃機関部品等性能試験用潤滑油組成物(特開平11−12586号公報)を使用しても、同様にエンジン試験やその使用油を使用した摩耗試験の場合と比べ、摩耗特性が大幅に異なることが判明した。さらには、このような摩耗評価に好適なカーボンブラック含有潤滑油に関する検討はこれまでに十分になされておらず、そのような潤滑油の出現が望まれていた。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は、以上のような事情に鑑み、長時間あるいは多大な費用のかかるエンジン試験を行うことなく、すす混入によるエンジンの動弁系やピストンリング等の摺動部品の摩耗評価が可能な潤滑油組成物、すなわち、エンジン試験においてすすが混入したエンジン油と同等の摩耗特性を発揮する潤滑油組成物を提供することである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するために鋭意検討した結果、特定性状のカーボンブラックを特定範囲の分散粒子径となるように分散させた潤滑油組成物が、上記課題を解決できることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0007】
すなわち、本発明は、窒素含有分散剤を窒素換算量で組成物全量基準で0.01〜0.4質量%含有し、一次粒子の平均粒子径が20nm〜35nmであり、表面処理が施されていない、揮発分が1.0質量 % 以下であるカーボンブラックを、組成物全量基準で1.5〜10質量%含有し、その平均分散粒子径が0.1μm〜0.6μmとなるように分散させてなることを特徴とする、摩耗評価試験用カーボンブラック含有潤滑油組成物にある。
【0008】
また、前記カーボンブラックが、ファーネス法により製造され、かつ表面処理が施されていないカーボンブラックであることが好ましい。
また、前記カーボンブラックは、分散媒体を使用する分散機を用いて潤滑油に分散させたものであることが好ましい。
また、前記カーボンブラック混合潤滑油組成物は、清浄剤及び/又は分散剤を含有していることが好ましい。
また、前記カーボンブラック混合潤滑油組成物は、摩耗評価試験用として使用するのに適したものである。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明について詳述する。
本発明におけるカーボンブラックは、公知の一般的な方法で得ることができ、その製造方法に特に制限はないが、例えば、チャンネル法、ローラー法、ファーネス法等が挙げられ、本発明においては、ファーネス法を用いることが好ましい。ファーネス法とは、具体的には、燃料を完全燃焼させて高温雰囲気を生成した反応炉内に、カーボンブラック原料となる炭化水素を導入し、これを不完全燃焼及び熱分解、重縮合反応させてカーボンブラックを生成させ、冷却により反応停止した後、バッグフィルタ等の捕集装置によりカーボンブラック粉体を回収するものである。
【0010】
また、これらの方法で得られたカーボンブラックには、本発明におけるカーボンブラックの規定に合致する限りにおいて、さらに公知の方法により酸化反応させる等の処理を施しても良いが、上記ファーネス法等で製造されたカーボンブラックが本発明の規定に合致する場合、これをそのまま使用することが好ましい。
【0011】
本発明におけるカーボンブラックは、一次粒子の平均粒子径が20〜35nm、好ましくは20〜30nm、特に好ましくは22〜26nmである。一次粒子の平均粒子径が20nm未満の場合及び35nmを超える場合、ディーゼルエンジンから発生するすすの一次粒子径から逸脱するため好ましくない。なお、ここでいう一次粒子は、カーボンブラックの個々の粒子を示し、その平均粒子径は、一般に公知の方法で測定される。その測定方法に特に制限はないが、例えば、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)により得られるカーボンブラックの写真像から、10〜10000個の粒子の最大径を計測し、その算術平均粒子径を算出することにより得られる。
【0012】
また、本発明におけるカーボンブラックの揮発分は、1.0質量%以下である。また、その下限値は、好ましくは0.1質量%以上、より好ましくは0.3質量%以上である。当該揮発分が1.0質量%を超える場合、カーボンブラックの表面の官能基量が大きくなり、潤滑油に含まれる清浄剤や分散剤等の添加剤との反応により、本来のエンジン油組成のバランスが壊され、結果的に動弁系部品等のエンジン部品に異常摩耗を起こす可能性が高く、一方、当該揮発分が0.1未満の場合、潤滑油へのカーボンブラックの分散性が悪化しやすいため、それぞれ好ましくない。なおここでいう揮発分は、JIS K6221に記載の方法により測定された値を意味する。
【0013】
本発明において、カーボンブラックを潤滑油に分散させるに際し、その平均分散粒子径が0.1〜0.6μmとなるように潤滑油に分散させることが必要である。特に、その下限値を0.2μm以上とすることが好ましく、0.22μm以上とすることがより好ましい。また、その上限値を0.55μm以下とすることが好ましく、0.49μm以下とすることがより好ましい。カーボンブラックの潤滑油中における平均分散粒子径を上記範囲とすることで、カーボンブラックの分散性に優れ、すすが混入したエンジン試験使用油と同等の摩耗特性を発揮させることができる。なお、ここでいうカーボンブラックの平均分散粒子径とは、上記一次粒子が凝集した状態で潤滑油中に分散している粒子の平均粒子径を示し、超遠心式粒度分布測定装置を使用して測定し、その中央値として得られるものである。このような測定装置としては例えば、堀場製作所(株)製の超遠心式自動粒度分布測定装置(CAPA700)等の一般的な粒度分布測定装置を使用することができる。
【0014】
また、カーボンブラックを潤滑油に分散させる方法としては、カーボンブラックの平均分散粒子径が上記範囲内となれば特に制限は無く、一般的な方法が挙げられるが、例えば、ディスパー式攪拌混合機で5分〜1時間、好ましくは10分〜30分予備混合した後、ビーズミル式分散機、ボールミル、サンドミル等の、分散媒体(メディア)を使用する分散機に、1〜10回、好ましくは2〜8回、さらに好ましくは4〜8回通油することが望ましい。これら分散媒体を使用する分散機を使用することで、より確実に、より安定した状態でカーボンブラックを上記平均分散粒子径となるように潤滑油に分散させることができる。
【0015】
本発明のカーボンブラック含有潤滑油組成物におけるカーボンブラック含有量は、組成物全量基準で1.5〜10質量%であり、好ましくは2〜9質量%、さらに好ましくは3〜8質量%である。カーボンブラック含有量が2質量%以上であれば、カーボンブラック添加による特徴がよく発現するため好ましく、10質量%を越える場合は、カーボンブラックの平均分散粒子径が0.6μmを超えやすく、すなわち、潤滑油中におけるカーボンブラックの分散状態が悪化し、安定なカーボンブラック含有潤滑油組成物を得にくいため好ましくない。
【0016】
本発明のカーボンブラック含有潤滑油組成物におけるカーボンブラックを分散させる前の潤滑油組成物としては、特に制限はなく、鉱油、合成油及びそれらの混合油等の公知の潤滑油基油に、公知の各種潤滑油添加剤、例えば清浄剤、分散剤、摩耗防止剤、摩擦調整剤、粘度指数向上剤、腐食防止剤、防錆剤、抗乳化剤、金属不活性化剤、消泡剤、着色剤等を配合したものが挙げられ、その含有量は、組成物全量基準で、0.0001〜20質量%の範囲で通常選ばれる。本発明においては、カーボンブラックの分散性をより高めるために、清浄剤及び/又は分散剤を含有させた潤滑油であることが好ましく、清浄剤としては、任意の金属系清浄剤が挙げられ、その含有量は、通常、金属元素換算量で、組成物全量基準で、0.1〜0.6質量%、好ましくは0.3〜0.5質量%であり、分散剤としては、任意の窒素含有無灰分散剤が挙げられ、その含有量は、通常、窒素換算量で、組成物全量基準で、0.01〜0.4質量%、好ましくは、0.02〜0.2質量%、特に好ましくは0.02〜0.1質量%である。
また、このような潤滑油組成物としては、API CD級やCF級、CF−4級あるいはその他規格試験に合格するディーゼルエンジン油であることが好ましい。
なお、本発明のカーボンブラック含有潤滑油組成物を使用するに当たり、必要に応じてその他のエンジン油や潤滑油基油等で希釈するほか、金属粉、樹脂粉末その他添加物を適宜添加混合しても良い。
【0017】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例により更に詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの例になんら限定されるものではない。なお評価方法は以下に示す通りである。
【0018】
(1)カーボンブラックの一次粒子の平均粒子径
カーボンブラックの一次粒子の平均粒子径は、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)を用い、次のように求めた。
カーボンブラック観察用試料として、カーボンブラック混合油をTEM観察用の試料支持膜(直径3mm、孔径150μmの円形の銅製メッシュ上にコロジオン膜を張ったもの)に少量付着させ、n−ヘキサン中に静かに放置・脱油する操作を数回繰り返した後に乾燥させたものを準備した。この観察用試料をTEMにより20万倍の写真像として観察し、約1000個のカーボンブラック粒子の最大径を測定してその算術平均粒子径を算出し、これをカーボンブラックの一次粒子の平均粒子径とした。なお、すす混入エンジン試験使用油中のすすの一次粒子の平均粒子径も同様の手順にて算出した。
【0019】
(2)カーボンブラックの揮発分
カーボンブラックの揮発分は、JIS K6221に規定される方法により測定した。
【0020】
(3)カーボンブラックの平均分散粒子径
カーボンブラックの平均分散粒子径は、堀場製作所(株)製 超遠心式自動粒度分布測定装置(CAPA700)を用い、次の手順により求めた。
カーボンブラック混合油を同装置の測定ホルダーに少量採取し、装置の吸光度が1.00になるようにn−ヘキサンでこれを希釈した。同装置に標準測定条件(最小粒子径0.05μm、最大粒子径0.85μm、粒子径間隔0.05μm、試料密度1.76g/cm、分散媒粘性密度0.66g/cm、分散媒粘性係数0.31mPa・s)を入力し、回転速度は5000r/min、時間は16分25秒として測定を行い、得られた測定結果の中央値をカーボンブラックの平均分散粒子径とした。なお、すす混入エンジン試験使用油中のすすの平均分散粒子径も同様の手順にて測定した。
【0021】
(4)摩耗試験
シェル式四球試験機を用い、回転数1500r/min、荷重294N、試験油温90℃、試験時間1hの条件で試験油について摩耗試験を行い、固定球3個の平均摩耗痕径を測定した。
【0022】
(参考例1〜5、実施例1〜4、比較例1〜4)
以下の参考例1〜5、実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜4に示す方法により実機エンジン試験の使用油(すす混入油)又はカーボンブラック含有潤滑油組成物を得、上記に示す摩耗試験を実施した。それぞれの組成および結果を表1〜表3にまとめて示す。
【0023】
なお、参考例、実施例および比較例に使用した潤滑油は次の2種類である。
(1)市販エンジン油A:清浄剤、分散剤及びその他添加剤を含有するAPI CD/CF級10W−30油、100℃動粘度:10.53mm/s、全塩基価:10.6mgKOH/g、硫酸灰分量:1.73質量%、Zn:0.13質量%、P:0.11質量%、Ca:0.44質量%、N:0.07質量%
(2)市販エンジン油B:清浄剤、分散剤及びその他添加剤を含有するAPI CD級10W−30油、100℃動粘度:11.18mm/s、全塩基価:11.6mgKOH/g、硫酸灰分量:1.66質量%、Zn:0.12質量%、P:0.10質量%、Ca:0.46質量%、N:0.02質量%
【0024】
(参考例1)
参考例1はすす又はカーボンブラックを含有していない市販エンジン油A(新油)である。
【0025】
(参考例2)
市販エンジン油A(新油)を使用し、すす含有量が4質量%となるまでディーゼルエンジン試験を行った。すすの平均分散粒子径は0.22μmであった。なお、得られた実機使用油と新油との残留炭素分(JIS K 2270)との差をすす含有量とみなした。以下参考例3〜5の組成物におけるすす含有量は同様に実機使用油と新油との残留炭素分の差として求めた。
【0026】
(参考例3)
市販エンジン油Bを使用し、すす含有量が4質量%となるまでディーゼルエンジン試験を行った。すすの平均分散粒子径は0.16μmであった。
【0027】
(参考例4)
市販エンジン油Bを使用し、使用油のすす含有量が8質量%となるまでディーゼルエンジン試験を行った。すすの平均分散粒子径は0.15μmであった。
【0028】
(参考例5)
市販エンジン油Bを使用し、使用油のすす含有量が11.3量%となるまでディーゼルエンジン試験を行った。すすの平均分散粒子径は0.28μmであった。
【0029】
(実施例1)
カーボンブラックA(ファーネス法カーボンブラック製造設備において製造された粉状のもので、その一次粒子の平均粒子径は23nm、その揮発分は0.7質量%)200gを、市販エンジン油A9800gに加え、ディスパー式撹拌混合機で20分間予備混合させた後、ビーズミル式分散機(スイスWAB社製 DYNO−MILL Type KDL-PILOT 容積1.5L、ビーズ;0.6mm径ジルコニアビーズ、充填率75%、回転式ディスクの周速12m/s)に5回通し、カーボンブラックAを2質量%分散させた潤滑油組成物10kgを得た。カーボンブラックA凝集体の平均分散粒子径は0.41μmであった。
【0030】
(実施例2)
カーボンブラックA400gと市販エンジン油A9600gとを混合した以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行い、カーボンブラックAを4質量%分散させた潤滑油組成物10kgを得た。カーボンブラックA凝集体の平均分散粒子径は0.49μmであった。
【0031】
(実施例3)
カーボンブラックA800gと市販エンジン油A9200gとを混合した以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行い、カーボンブラックAを8質量%分散させた潤滑油組成物10kgを得た。カーボンブラックA凝集体の平均分散粒子径は0.30μmであった。
【0032】
(実施例4)
カーボンブラックA350gと市販エンジン油B9650gとを混合した以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行い、カーボンブラックAを3.5質量%分散させた潤滑油組成物10kgを得た。カーボンブラックA凝集体の平均分散粒子径は0.24μmであった。
【0033】
(比較例1)
カーボンブラックB(ファーネス法カーボンブラック製造設備において製造された粉状のカーボンブラック(一次粒子の平均粒子径は24nm、揮発分は0.5質量%)を公知の手法により表面酸化処理し、揮発分を3.5質量%にしたもの)400gと市販エンジン油A9600gとを混合した以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行い、カーボンブラックBを4質量%分散させた潤滑油組成物10kgを得た。カーボンブラックB凝集体の平均分散粒子径は0.47μmであった。
【0034】
(比較例2)
カーボンブラックB800gと市販エンジン油A9200gとを混合した以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行い、カーボンブラックBを8質量%分散させた潤滑油組成物10kgを得た。カーボンブラックB凝集体の平均分散粒子径は0.34μmであった。
【0035】
(比較例3)
カーボンブラックA100gと市販エンジン油A9900gとを混合した以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行い、カーボンブラックAを1質量%分散させた潤滑油組成物10kgを得た。カーボンブラックA凝集体の平均分散粒子径は0.39μmであった。
【0036】
(比較例4)
カーボンブラックA1200gと市販エンジン油A8800gとを混合した以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行い、カーボンブラックAを12質量%分散させた潤滑油組成物10kgを得た。カーボンブラックA凝集体の平均分散粒子径は0.99μmであった。
【0037】
【表1】

Figure 0004272852
【0038】
【表2】
Figure 0004272852
【0039】
【表3】
Figure 0004272852
【0040】
図1に、参考例1〜5に基づくすす含有量と摩耗痕径との関係を示す。
すす含有量と摩耗痕径の関係は直線関係にあった。
図2に、カーボンブラック含有潤滑油組成物におけるカーボンブラック含有量と摩耗痕径との関係を示す。カーボンブラックAの含有量が2、3.5、4及び8質量%の場合(実施例1〜4)、及び1質量%(比較例3)において、その摩耗痕径は、すす含有量と摩耗痕径との相関線(図2中、実線で示す)上にあり、カーボンブラックA含有潤滑油組成物は、すすを含有するエンジン試験使用油と同等の摩耗特性を示すことがわかる。すなわち、すすの摩耗挙動とカーボンブラックAの摩耗挙動が同等であることがわかる。
【0041】
一方、カーボンブラックBを使用した場合(比較例1及び2)は、上記相関線上から大きく外れ、実機エンジン試験使用油とは異なる摩耗特性を示すことがわかり、摩耗評価試験用のカーボンブラック含有潤滑油組成物としては不適である。
なお、カーボンブラックA含有量が1質量%の場合(比較例3)、上記すす含有量と摩耗痕径との相関線上にあるものの、新油と摩耗痕径の相違があまり見られず、摩耗評価試験用には不適であり、カーボンブラックAを12質量%含有する潤滑油組成物(比較例4)では、その平均分散粒子径が0.99μmとなり、カーボンブラックAが凝集しやすく、分散安定性に劣るので摩耗評価試験用には適さないことがわかる。
【0042】
なお、実施例2と実施例4に示すように、異なるエンジン油に対し、カーボンブラックAをほぼ同量分散させた場合に同等の摩耗特性を示していることから、本発明に用いる潤滑油の組成は、特に制限されるものでないが、カーボンブラックを油中に安定に分散させることが可能な清浄剤及び分散剤を含むエンジン油が望まれる。
【0043】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、すすが混入したエンジン使用油の摩耗特性を発揮する潤滑油組成物、特にディーゼルエンジン摺動部品の摩耗を評価するのに好適なカーボンブラック含有潤滑油組成物を安定的かつ大量に供給することが可能である。また、このようなカーボンブラック含有潤滑油組成物を摺動部品の摩耗評価に使用することにより、多大な労力、費用及び時間を必要とするエンジン試験の節減が可能であり、多大な工業的利益を提供するものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】実機エンジン試験使用油のすす含有量と摩耗痕径の関係を示す図面
【図2】カーボンブラック含有量と摩耗痕径の関係を示す図面[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a carbon black-containing lubricating oil composition, and more particularly, to a carbon black-containing lubricating oil composition suitable for wear evaluation tests that exhibits wear characteristics equivalent to soot-mixed lubricating oil.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, exhaust gas regulations (for example, NOx regulations, etc.) of engines such as automobiles have become stricter, and lean burn engines effective for NOx reduction, exhaust gas purification catalysts such as NOx occlusion reduction catalysts, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) devices, etc. Is being introduced. In an engine equipped with an EGR device, soot in the exhaust gas is more likely to be mixed into the engine oil than before, and there is a concern that the amount of wear of the engine sliding portion will increase significantly. In particular, recently, there is a movement to introduce an EGR device to medium to large diesel engines, and it is necessary to sufficiently examine the influence of soot on the wear of the engine sliding portion.
[0003]
By the way, in order to evaluate wear of sliding parts such as an engine valve system and a piston ring, it is necessary to perform an engine test for at least 300 to 1000 hours, and then disassemble and evaluate it. A large amount of money and time are required, including costs, engine assembly and disassembly. It is also possible to conduct a laboratory wear evaluation test of sliding parts using the engine oil (used oil) obtained after the engine test is completed, but a small amount of oil mixed with soot (oil pan) (Capacity) can only be collected, and the amount of soot mixed varies from engine test to engine test, so there is a limit to the wear evaluation using soot mixed oil of a certain quality.
[0004]
On the other hand, instead of using soot-mixed oil, use commercially available lubricating oil mixed with carbon black, metal powder, resin component, or any other lubricating oil mixed with commercially available carbon black. However, due to the properties of carbon black and its dispersion, the wear of sliding parts in engine tests and the wear in wear tests using oils are significantly different. There was a problem that different results could be obtained. For example, “SOFTC-2A” (manufactured by POWDER TECHNOLOGY INC.) Described in JIS D 1611 is not only different from the soot contained in engine test oil, but also used as a lubricant addition Lubricating oil composition for performance test such as internal combustion engine parts mixed with carbon black whose surface is oxidized, disclosed by Furuki et al. Similarly, it has been found that even when (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-12586) is used, the wear characteristics are significantly different from those of the engine test and the wear test using the oil used. Furthermore, studies on carbon black-containing lubricants suitable for such wear evaluation have not been sufficiently conducted so far, and the appearance of such lubricants has been desired.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of the above circumstances, the present invention is capable of evaluating wear of sliding parts such as engine valve systems and piston rings due to soot mixing without performing engine tests that require a long time or a large amount of cost. It is to provide a lubricating oil composition that exhibits wear characteristics equivalent to that of engine oil mixed with soot in an engine test.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that a lubricating oil composition in which carbon black having specific properties is dispersed so as to have a dispersed particle diameter in a specific range can solve the above problems. The present invention has been completed.
[0007]
That is, the present invention contains a nitrogen-containing dispersant in an amount of nitrogen in an amount of 0.01 to 0.4 % by mass based on the total amount of the composition, the average particle diameter of primary particles is 20 nm to 35 nm, and a surface treatment is performed. Carbon black having a volatile content of 1.0 % by mass or less is contained in an amount of 1.5 to 10% by mass based on the total amount of the composition so that the average dispersed particle diameter is 0.1 μm to 0.6 μm. A lubricating oil composition containing a carbon black for wear evaluation tests, characterized by being dispersed .
[0008]
The carbon black is preferably carbon black produced by a furnace method and not subjected to surface treatment.
The carbon black is preferably dispersed in lubricating oil using a disperser using a dispersion medium.
The carbon black mixed lubricating oil composition preferably contains a detergent and / or a dispersant.
Further, the carbon black mixed lubricating oil composition is suitable for use as a wear evaluation test.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The carbon black in the present invention can be obtained by a known general method, and the production method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a channel method, a roller method, a furnace method, and the like. The method is preferably used. Specifically, the furnace method introduces hydrocarbons, which are raw materials for carbon black, into a reaction furnace in which a high-temperature atmosphere is generated by completely burning fuel, and this is subjected to incomplete combustion, thermal decomposition, and polycondensation reaction. After carbon black is generated and the reaction is stopped by cooling, the carbon black powder is recovered by a collection device such as a bag filter.
[0010]
Further, the carbon black obtained by these methods may be further subjected to a treatment such as an oxidation reaction by a known method as long as it conforms to the definition of carbon black in the present invention. When the produced carbon black meets the provisions of the present invention, it is preferably used as it is.
[0011]
Carbon black in the present invention has an average primary particle diameter of 20 to 35 nm, preferably 20 to 30 nm, and particularly preferably 22 to 26 nm. When the average particle diameter of the primary particles is less than 20 nm or exceeds 35 nm, it is not preferable because the primary particle diameter deviates from the soot generated from the diesel engine. In addition, the primary particle here shows each particle | grain of carbon black, and the average particle diameter is generally measured by a well-known method. Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the measuring method, For example, the largest diameter of 10-10000 particle | grains is measured from the photographic image of carbon black obtained by a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the arithmetic mean particle diameter is computed. Can be obtained.
[0012]
Further, the volatile content of the carbon black in the present invention is 1.0% by mass or less. Moreover, the lower limit is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 0.3% by mass or more. When the volatile content exceeds 1.0% by mass, the amount of functional groups on the surface of the carbon black increases, and due to the reaction with additives such as detergents and dispersants contained in the lubricating oil, balance is broken, resulting in a high possibility of causing abnormal wear on the engine parts of the valve system parts, etc., on the other hand, if the volatile content is less than 0.1%, dispersibility of carbon black into the lubricating oil Since it is easy to deteriorate, each is not preferable. The volatile matter here means a value measured by the method described in JIS K6221.
[0013]
In the present invention, when carbon black is dispersed in a lubricating oil, it is necessary to disperse the carbon black in the lubricating oil so that the average dispersed particle diameter is 0.1 to 0.6 μm. In particular, the lower limit is preferably 0.2 μm or more, and more preferably 0.22 μm or more. Moreover, it is preferable to make the upper limit into 0.55 micrometer or less, and it is more preferable to set it as 0.49 micrometer or less. By setting the average dispersed particle size of the carbon black in the lubricating oil within the above range, the carbon black is excellent in dispersibility and can exhibit wear characteristics equivalent to the engine test oil mixed with soot. The average dispersed particle size of carbon black here refers to the average particle size of particles dispersed in the lubricating oil in a state where the primary particles are aggregated, and using an ultracentrifugal particle size distribution measuring device. Measured and obtained as its median. As such a measuring device, for example, a general particle size distribution measuring device such as an ultracentrifugal automatic particle size distribution measuring device (CAPA700) manufactured by HORIBA, Ltd. can be used.
[0014]
The method for dispersing carbon black in the lubricating oil is not particularly limited as long as the average dispersed particle size of the carbon black is within the above range, and includes a general method. For example, in a disperser stirring mixer After premixing for 5 minutes to 1 hour, preferably 10 minutes to 30 minutes, the dispersion machine using a dispersion medium (media) such as a bead mill type disperser, a ball mill, or a sand mill is used 1 to 10 times, preferably 2 to 2 times. It is desirable to pass oil 8 times, more preferably 4 to 8 times. By using a disperser using these dispersion media, carbon black can be more reliably dispersed in the lubricating oil so as to have the above average dispersed particle diameter in a more stable state.
[0015]
The carbon black content in the lubricating oil composition containing carbon black of the present invention is 1.5 to 10% by mass, preferably 2 to 9% by mass, more preferably 3 to 8% by mass, based on the total amount of the composition. . If the carbon black content is 2% by mass or more, the characteristics due to the addition of carbon black are well expressed, and if it exceeds 10% by mass, the average dispersed particle diameter of the carbon black tends to exceed 0.6 μm. This is not preferable because the dispersion state of the carbon black in the lubricating oil deteriorates and it is difficult to obtain a stable carbon black-containing lubricating oil composition.
[0016]
The lubricating oil composition before the carbon black is dispersed in the carbon black-containing lubricating oil composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, and publicly known lubricating base oils such as mineral oil, synthetic oil and mixed oil thereof are known. Various lubricating oil additives such as detergents, dispersants, antiwear agents, friction modifiers, viscosity index improvers, corrosion inhibitors, rust inhibitors, demulsifiers, metal deactivators, antifoaming agents, colorants The content thereof is usually selected in the range of 0.0001 to 20% by mass based on the total amount of the composition. In the present invention, in order to further improve the dispersibility of carbon black, it is preferably a lubricating oil containing a detergent and / or dispersant, and examples of the detergent include any metal detergent, The content is usually 0.1 to 0.6% by mass, preferably 0.3 to 0.5% by mass, based on the total amount of the composition, in terms of the amount of metal element. A nitrogen-containing ashless dispersant may be mentioned, and the content thereof is usually in terms of nitrogen and is 0.01 to 0.4% by mass, preferably 0.02 to 0.2% by mass, based on the total amount of the composition. Most preferably, it is 0.02-0.1 mass%.
Such a lubricating oil composition is preferably a diesel engine oil that passes API CD grade, CF grade, CF-4 grade, or other standard tests.
In addition, when using the carbon black-containing lubricating oil composition of the present invention, in addition to diluting with other engine oils or lubricating base oils as necessary, metal powder, resin powder and other additives may be added and mixed as appropriate. Also good.
[0017]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited to these examples at all. The evaluation method is as follows.
[0018]
(1) Average particle diameter of primary particles of carbon black The average particle diameter of primary particles of carbon black was determined using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) as follows.
As a sample for observing carbon black, a small amount of carbon black mixed oil is attached to a sample supporting membrane for TEM observation (3 mm diameter, 150 μm pore copper mesh with a collodion membrane stretched) and gently in n-hexane. The operation of leaving and deoiling was repeated several times and then dried. This observation sample was observed as a 200,000 times photographic image by TEM, the maximum diameter of about 1000 carbon black particles was measured to calculate the arithmetic average particle diameter, and this was calculated as the average particle of primary carbon black particles. The diameter. In addition, the average particle diameter of the primary particle of the soot in the soot mixed engine test oil was calculated in the same procedure.
[0019]
(2) Volatile content of carbon black The volatile content of carbon black was measured by the method prescribed in JIS K6221.
[0020]
(3) Average dispersion particle diameter of carbon black The average dispersion particle diameter of carbon black was determined by the following procedure using an ultracentrifugal automatic particle size distribution analyzer (CAPA700) manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.
A small amount of the carbon black mixed oil was collected in a measuring holder of the apparatus, and diluted with n-hexane so that the absorbance of the apparatus was 1.00. Standard measurement conditions (minimum particle size 0.05 .mu.m in the device, a maximum particle diameter of 0.85 .mu.m, particle size interval 0.05 .mu.m, sample density of 1.76 g / cm 3, the dispersion medium viscosity Density 0.66 g / cm 3, the dispersion medium A viscosity coefficient of 0.31 mPa · s) was input, the rotation speed was 5000 r / min, the time was 16 minutes 25 seconds, and the median value of the obtained measurement results was defined as the average dispersed particle diameter of carbon black. In addition, the average dispersed particle diameter of soot in the soot-mixed engine test oil was also measured in the same procedure.
[0021]
(4) Wear test Using a shell-type four-ball tester, a wear test was performed on the test oil under the conditions of a rotation speed of 1500 r / min, a load of 294 N, a test oil temperature of 90 ° C., and a test time of 1 h, and an average wear mark of three fixed balls The diameter was measured.
[0022]
(Reference Examples 1-5, Examples 1-4, Comparative Examples 1-4)
Using the actual engine test oil (soot mixed oil) or carbon black-containing lubricating oil composition by the methods shown in the following Reference Examples 1 to 5, Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4, the wear test shown above Carried out. The respective compositions and results are summarized in Tables 1 to 3.
[0023]
The following two types of lubricating oils were used in the reference examples, examples and comparative examples.
(1) Commercial engine oil A: API CD / CF grade 10W-30 oil containing detergent, dispersant and other additives, 100 ° C. kinematic viscosity: 10.53 mm 2 / s, total base number: 10.6 mg KOH / g, Amount of sulfated ash: 1.73 mass%, Zn: 0.13 mass%, P: 0.11 mass%, Ca: 0.44 mass%, N: 0.07 mass%
(2) Commercial engine oil B: API CD class 10W-30 oil containing detergent, dispersant and other additives, 100 ° C. kinematic viscosity: 11.18 mm 2 / s, total base number: 11.6 mg KOH / g, Amount of sulfated ash: 1.66 mass%, Zn: 0.12 mass%, P: 0.10 mass%, Ca: 0.46 mass%, N: 0.02 mass%
[0024]
(Reference Example 1)
Reference Example 1 is a commercial engine oil A (new oil) that does not contain soot or carbon black.
[0025]
(Reference Example 2)
A commercial engine oil A (new oil) was used, and a diesel engine test was conducted until the soot content was 4% by mass. The average dispersed particle size of soot was 0.22 μm. In addition, it considered that the content of the soot was the difference between the residual oil content (JIS K 2270) between the obtained oil used in the actual machine and the new oil. Hereinafter, the soot content in the compositions of Reference Examples 3 to 5 was similarly determined as the difference in residual carbon content between the actual oil used and the new oil.
[0026]
(Reference Example 3)
A commercial engine oil B was used, and a diesel engine test was conducted until the soot content was 4% by mass. The average dispersed particle size of soot was 0.16 μm.
[0027]
(Reference Example 4)
The commercial engine oil B was used, and the diesel engine test was conducted until the soot content of the used oil became 8% by mass. The average dispersed particle size of soot was 0.15 μm.
[0028]
(Reference Example 5)
A commercial engine oil B was used, and a diesel engine test was conducted until the soot content of the used oil was 11.3% by weight. The average dispersed particle diameter of soot was 0.28 μm.
[0029]
(Example 1)
200 g of carbon black A (powder produced in a furnace method carbon black production facility, the primary particles have an average particle size of 23 nm and a volatile content of 0.7 mass%) is added to 9800 g of commercially available engine oil A, After premixing for 20 minutes with a Disper type stirring mixer, a bead mill type disperser (DYNO-MILL Type KDL-PILOT volume 1.5 L, beads manufactured by WAB, Switzerland; 0.6 mm diameter zirconia beads, filling rate 75%, rotation 10 kg of a lubricating oil composition in which 2% by mass of carbon black A was dispersed. The average dispersed particle size of the carbon black A aggregate was 0.41 μm.
[0030]
(Example 2)
Except for mixing 400 g of carbon black A and 9600 g of commercially available engine oil A, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to obtain 10 kg of a lubricating oil composition in which 4% by mass of carbon black A was dispersed. The average dispersed particle size of the carbon black A aggregate was 0.49 μm.
[0031]
(Example 3)
Except for mixing 800 g of carbon black A and 9200 g of commercially available engine oil A, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to obtain 10 kg of a lubricating oil composition in which 8% by mass of carbon black A was dispersed. The average dispersed particle size of the carbon black A aggregate was 0.30 μm.
[0032]
(Example 4)
The same operation as in Example 1 was carried out except that 350 g of carbon black A and 9650 g of commercially available engine oil B were mixed to obtain 10 kg of a lubricating oil composition in which 3.5% by mass of carbon black A was dispersed. The average dispersed particle size of the carbon black A aggregate was 0.24 μm.
[0033]
(Comparative Example 1)
Carbon black B (powdered carbon black produced at a furnace method carbon black production facility (average particle size of primary particles is 24 nm, volatile content is 0.5 mass%) is subjected to surface oxidation treatment by a known method to obtain volatile content. The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that 400 g and commercially available engine oil A9600 g were mixed to obtain 10 kg of a lubricating oil composition in which 4% by mass of carbon black B was dispersed. . The average dispersed particle size of the carbon black B aggregate was 0.47 μm.
[0034]
(Comparative Example 2)
The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that 800 g of carbon black B and 9200 g of commercially available engine oil A were mixed to obtain 10 kg of a lubricating oil composition in which 8% by mass of carbon black B was dispersed. The average dispersed particle size of the carbon black B aggregate was 0.34 μm.
[0035]
(Comparative Example 3)
Except for mixing 100 g of carbon black A and 9900 g of commercial engine oil A, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to obtain 10 kg of a lubricating oil composition in which 1% by mass of carbon black A was dispersed. The average dispersed particle size of the carbon black A aggregate was 0.39 μm.
[0036]
(Comparative Example 4)
Except for mixing 1200 g of carbon black A and 8800 g of commercially available engine oil A, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to obtain 10 kg of a lubricating oil composition in which 12% by mass of carbon black A was dispersed. The average dispersed particle size of the carbon black A aggregate was 0.99 μm.
[0037]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004272852
[0038]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004272852
[0039]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004272852
[0040]
In FIG. 1, the relationship between soot content based on Reference Examples 1-5 and a wear scar diameter is shown.
The relationship between soot content and wear scar diameter was linear.
FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the carbon black content and the wear scar diameter in the carbon black-containing lubricating oil composition. When the content of carbon black A is 2, 3.5, 4 and 8% by mass (Examples 1 to 4) and 1% by mass (Comparative Example 3), the wear scar diameter is the soot content and wear. It is on the correlation line with the scar diameter (shown by the solid line in FIG. 2), and it can be seen that the carbon black A-containing lubricating oil composition exhibits the same wear characteristics as the engine test oil containing soot. That is, it can be seen that the wear behavior of soot and the wear behavior of carbon black A are equivalent.
[0041]
On the other hand, when carbon black B was used (Comparative Examples 1 and 2), it was found that the carbon black B greatly deviated from the above correlation line and showed different wear characteristics from the oil used in actual engine tests. It is unsuitable as an oil composition.
In addition, when the carbon black A content is 1% by mass (Comparative Example 3), although it is on the correlation line between the soot content and the wear scar diameter, the difference between the new oil and the wear scar diameter is not seen so much. The lubricating oil composition containing 12% by mass of carbon black A (Comparative Example 4) is unsuitable for evaluation tests, and its average dispersed particle size is 0.99 μm, so that carbon black A tends to aggregate and is stable in dispersion. Since it is inferior in properties, it is understood that it is not suitable for wear evaluation tests.
[0042]
In addition, as shown in Example 2 and Example 4, when the carbon black A is dispersed in almost the same amount for different engine oils, the same wear characteristics are shown. Although the composition is not particularly limited, an engine oil containing a detergent and a dispersant capable of stably dispersing carbon black in the oil is desired.
[0043]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a lubricating oil composition that exhibits the wear characteristics of soot-mixed engine oil, in particular, a carbon black-containing lubricating oil composition that is suitable for evaluating the wear of diesel engine sliding parts, can be obtained stably. Large quantities can be supplied. Further, by using such a carbon black-containing lubricating oil composition for wear evaluation of sliding parts, it is possible to reduce engine tests that require a great amount of labor, cost and time, and a great industrial benefit. Is to provide.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between soot content and wear scar diameter of actual engine test oil used. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between carbon black content and wear scar diameter.

Claims (4)

窒素含有分散剤を窒素換算量で組成物全量基準で0.01〜0.4質量%含有し、一次粒子の平均粒子径が20nm〜35nmであり、表面処理が施されていない、揮発分が1.0質量%以下であるカーボンブラックを、組成物全量基準で1.5〜10質量%含有し、その平均分散粒子径が0.1μm〜0.6μmとなるように分散させてなることを特徴とする、摩耗評価試験用カーボンブラック含有潤滑油組成物。A nitrogen-containing dispersant is contained in an amount of 0.01 to 0.4% by mass in terms of nitrogen based on the total amount of the composition, the average particle diameter of primary particles is 20 nm to 35 nm, and the surface treatment is not performed. Carbon black of 1.0% by mass or less is contained in an amount of 1.5 to 10% by mass based on the total amount of the composition, and is dispersed so that the average dispersed particle size is 0.1 μm to 0.6 μm. A carbon black-containing lubricating oil composition for wear evaluation tests. 前記カーボンブラックが、ファーネス法により製造された、カーボンブラックであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のカーボンブラック含有潤滑油組成物。  The carbon black-containing lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, wherein the carbon black is carbon black produced by a furnace method. 前記カーボンブラックが、分散媒体を使用する分散機を用いて潤滑油に分散させたものであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のカーボンブラック含有潤滑油組成物。  The carbon black-containing lubricating oil composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the carbon black is dispersed in lubricating oil using a disperser using a dispersion medium. 清浄剤を含有していることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかの項に記載のカーボンブラック含有潤滑油組成物。  The carbon black-containing lubricating oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a detergent.
JP2002195141A 2002-07-03 2002-07-03 Carbon black-containing lubricating oil composition Expired - Lifetime JP4272852B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2002195141A JP4272852B2 (en) 2002-07-03 2002-07-03 Carbon black-containing lubricating oil composition

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2002195141A JP4272852B2 (en) 2002-07-03 2002-07-03 Carbon black-containing lubricating oil composition

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2004035737A JP2004035737A (en) 2004-02-05
JP4272852B2 true JP4272852B2 (en) 2009-06-03

Family

ID=31703648

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2002195141A Expired - Lifetime JP4272852B2 (en) 2002-07-03 2002-07-03 Carbon black-containing lubricating oil composition

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP4272852B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7454947B2 (en) * 2005-12-20 2008-11-25 Chevron Oronite Company Llc Method of determining diesel engine valve train wear using a carbon black particle mixture
US7449432B2 (en) 2006-03-07 2008-11-11 Ashland Licensing And Intellectual Property, Llc (Alip) Gear oil composition containing nanomaterial
US8627900B2 (en) 2008-05-29 2014-01-14 Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd. Electric power tool
JP5127674B2 (en) * 2008-11-10 2013-01-23 Ntn株式会社 Rocker arm assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2004035737A (en) 2004-02-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Aldajah et al. Effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) contamination of diesel engine oil on wear
Gao et al. Catalytic effect of diesel PM derived ash on PM oxidation activity
Ratoi et al. The influence of soot and dispersant on ZDDP film thickness and friction
US7825076B2 (en) Method of reducing particulate emissions
US10125333B2 (en) Organic dispersion of iron-based particles in crystallized form
JP4272852B2 (en) Carbon black-containing lubricating oil composition
Oungpakornkaew et al. Characterization of biodiesel and soot contamination on four-ball wear mechanisms using electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy
Happonen et al. The comparison of particle oxidation and surface structure of diesel soot particles between fossil fuel and novel renewable diesel fuel
Karin et al. Impact of soot nanoparticle size and quantity on four-ball steel wear characteristics using EDS, XRD and electron microscopy image analysis
Wood et al. Electrostatic monitoring of the effects of carbon black on lubricated steel/steel sliding contacts
Bardasz et al. Understanding Soot Mediated Oil Thickening Through Designed Experimentation Part 2: GM 6.5 L
Bredin et al. Filtration of soot-in-oil aerosols: Why do field and laboratory experiments differ?
Kozak A comparison of thermogravimetric characteristics of fresh and used engine oils
JP2000256690A (en) Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines
Bielaczyc et al. Performance of particle oxidation catalyst and particle formation studies with sulphur containing fuels
RU2064970C1 (en) Lubricating metal cladding composition
Wang et al. Effects of lube oil sulfur and ash on size, morphology and element composition of diesel particles
CN113773897B (en) Method for reducing friction and wear of soot-containing lubricating oil by microwave induction and product thereof
Diatto et al. Investigation on soot dispersant properties and wear effects in the boundary lubrication regime
US20230168237A1 (en) Method for the assessment of the dispersing capacity of new or used lubricating compositions and of additives for lubricating compositions
JPH1112586A (en) Lubricating oil composition for performance test of internal combustion engine parts and the like and method for producing the same
Yang et al. Physicochemical properties of soot in diesel engine lubricating oil: characterizations and impact on frictional characteristics
JP5318322B2 (en) Engine oil
Vijayakumar et al. Characterization of ultrafine particle emissions from a heavy duty CNG engine through endurance tests
JPH0329839B2 (en)

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20050428

A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20071119

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20071204

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20080204

RD02 Notification of acceptance of power of attorney

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7422

Effective date: 20080204

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A821

Effective date: 20080204

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20080909

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20081031

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20090217

A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20090302

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120306

Year of fee payment: 3

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Ref document number: 4272852

Country of ref document: JP

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

S531 Written request for registration of change of domicile

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313531

S533 Written request for registration of change of name

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313533

R350 Written notification of registration of transfer

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120306

Year of fee payment: 3

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130306

Year of fee payment: 4

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130306

Year of fee payment: 4

S111 Request for change of ownership or part of ownership

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313117

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130306

Year of fee payment: 4

R360 Written notification for declining of transfer of rights

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R360

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130306

Year of fee payment: 4

R360 Written notification for declining of transfer of rights

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R360

R371 Transfer withdrawn

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R371

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130306

Year of fee payment: 4

S111 Request for change of ownership or part of ownership

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313117

S531 Written request for registration of change of domicile

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313531

R350 Written notification of registration of transfer

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20140306

Year of fee payment: 5

S111 Request for change of ownership or part of ownership

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313111

R350 Written notification of registration of transfer

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350

EXPY Cancellation because of completion of term