JP4275366B2 - Materials for modeling and articles embedded in materials for modeling - Google Patents
Materials for modeling and articles embedded in materials for modeling Download PDFInfo
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- JP4275366B2 JP4275366B2 JP2002233031A JP2002233031A JP4275366B2 JP 4275366 B2 JP4275366 B2 JP 4275366B2 JP 2002233031 A JP2002233031 A JP 2002233031A JP 2002233031 A JP2002233031 A JP 2002233031A JP 4275366 B2 JP4275366 B2 JP 4275366B2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、砂礫又は岩石の色彩と質感を保持した造形用材を作製するための造形用材、並びに、造形用材によって包埋された物品に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
考古学及び古生物学における発掘品は、人類の歴史、生物の進化や古生物の生息状況を推理・解析することを可能にする重要な資料であり、貴重な文化遺産といえる。博物館は、このような物品を保管し、さらには展示することにより、これらの資料を一般大衆に公開する施設である。しかしながら、来館客にとって、単に発掘品がガラスケース内に陳列されているのを鑑賞するのでは、少々面白みに欠ける懸念があり、興味深い展示品やそれを用いたイベントが求められている。
【0003】
発掘品については、完全に掘り出したものを展示するだけではなく、砂礫や岩石に包埋され埋もれた状態で展示する方法が採用されることがある。この展示方法は、リアリティーの点で優れており、また、動物の骨格などの複数の部分からなる発掘品においては、部分を組み合わせ、一体の動物骨格として展示できるという有利な点がある。また、この展示方法には、貴重な発掘品を物理的に強化、保護する効果があり、発掘品を保管、輸送する際に起こる恐れのある発掘品の破損、劣化を防ぐこともできる。
【0004】
発掘品を本物の岩石に包埋するのは困難であるので、実際は岩石に外見上類似した造形用材を用いる。例えば、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂などの樹脂を固めて岩石の形状に成形したり、発泡ウレタンを岩石の形状に成形した後、その表面に不飽和ポリエステル樹脂などの樹脂を塗布することなどが行われている。しかしながら、このような造形方法は、岩石の形状については疑似できるものの、岩石の色彩及び質感を再現することはできず、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂などの樹脂の色彩及び質感になる。また、造形用材に着色剤により着色し、色彩を調整することも可能であるが、砂礫や岩石の本来の色彩及び質感を忠実に再現することは難しい。
【0005】
砂礫や岩石の本来の色彩と質感を忠実に再現するには、発掘現場の砂礫や岩石の粉砕物などを無色あるいは透明の結着剤などにより固め、岩石として再構成した造形用材を用いる方法が考えられる。しかしながら、無色透明の結着剤は、砂礫粒子の隙間によって光が吸収されるため、反射光が減少し、造形用材が暗色化する現象(本明細書では、この現象を「暗色化現象」と呼称する)が起こる。これを解決するためには、光を反射しやすい結着剤を採用すればよく、例えば、木工用接着剤は、乳白色の色彩を有しており、暗色化現象を起こし難い。しかしながら、砂礫の色彩が白色もしくは白色に近い色彩に限定される。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、砂礫本来の色彩と質感を再現した造形用材、及び、斯かる造形用材によって包埋された物品を提供することを課題とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決すべく、本発明者等は、砂礫本来の色彩と質感を有する造形用材を検索したところ、砂礫や岩石の粉砕物にガラス粉末を配合すれば、結着剤として無色又は透明の結着剤を用いたとしても、暗色化現象を起こすことなく、砂礫本来の色彩と質感を有する造形用材を作製可能であることを見いだした。また、斯かる造形用材の結着剤に、水溶性結着剤を用いれば、造形用材が固化した後であっても、水分を付与するだけで再び柔軟になり、発掘品を造形用材から剥離することが容易となること、及び、剥離した造形用材は再利用できることを見い出し本発明を完成するに至った。
【0008】
すなわち、本発明は、上記課題を解決するために、砂礫本来の色彩と質感を有する造形用材を提供することである。
【0009】
さらに、本発明は、上記課題を解決するために、砂礫本来の色彩と質感を有する造形用材によって一部又は全部が包埋された物品を提供することである。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明で造形用材によって一部又は全部が包埋される物品は、特に限定されないが、天然物又は人工物であっても、本物又はレプリカであってもよい。本発明の造形用材の主たる目的は、砂礫や岩石によって一部又は全部が包埋されていた物品の発掘時の状態を再現することであるので、土中から掘り起こされた物品、いわゆる発掘品の包埋に有利に実施できる。発掘品としては、例えば、岩石、石炭、宝石、珊瑚、琥珀、金属、鉱石、溶岩、ストロマサイト、隕石などの物品、又は、動植物の一部若しくは全体、例えば、動物の骨、歯、牙、皮膚、角、爪、毛、甲羅、殻、貝殻、葉、根、茎、つる、木部、維管束、花、地下茎、種子、花粉などの物品が挙げられる。これらの物品は化石の形態となっていてもよく、物品の形状が痕跡として岩石などに残されたものであってもよい。また、人工物の発掘品としては、例えば、石器、木器、金属器、土器、装飾品、武器、書物、衣服、建造物などの物品が挙げられる。
【0011】
本発明の造形用材は、砂礫、ガラス粉末及び結着剤を含んでなり、これらの成分は、砂礫の粒径及びガラス粉末の粒径などを勘案して分量比率を適宜決定すればよい。通常、砂礫を20乃至90体積%、及び、ガラス粉末を80乃至10体積%の範囲で混合し、さらにその混合物1cm3当り固形物重量で0.05乃至200mgの範囲内で結着剤を含有させればよい。それぞれの成分が、上記範囲の下限に満たない場合は、それぞれの成分の効果を発揮する上で量的に不足する恐れがあり、上記範囲の上限を越えると、量の割に効果がなく、他の成分の比率を減ずることになるので好ましくない。なお、本明細書でいう体積は、造形用材成分の粉末粒子間の隙間を包含する体積であり、混合前の造形用材成分を、例えば、メスシリンダー、メスフラスコ、ビーカー、カップ、枡、バケツ、ドラム缶などの適宜の容器を用いて計測することにより算出することができる。
【0012】
砂礫としては、特に限定されないが、一部又は全部を包埋する物品が発掘品の場合、発掘現場を忠実に再現するために、発掘現場の砂礫又は岩石を粉砕し砂礫化したものを用いるのが好ましい。また、発掘現場の砂礫又は岩石の粉砕物の入手、使用が困難な場合には、色彩、質感などの外観が類似する他の砂礫を用いることができる。本発明でいう砂礫又は岩石は、発掘品が埋もれている地層の砂礫又は岩石であることから、通常は、レキ岩、砂岩、シルト岩、粘土岩、石灰岩、珪藻土などの堆積岩を由来とする砂礫又は堆積岩の粉砕物となる。砂礫の粒径は、発掘現場の砂礫又は岩石を構成する堆積物の粒径に合わせて設定するのが好ましく、ふるいにかけて所望の粒径の砂礫を用いればよい。砂礫の粒径としては、10μm乃至10mmの範囲内、好ましくは20μm乃至1mmの範囲から選択される。
【0013】
ガラス粉末としては、特に限定されないが、通常、人工ガラス粉末、又は、天然の火山灰土又はシラス土壌から得られるもの又はそれらの加工品が好適に用いられる。ガラス粉末は、その粒径が均一でなくともよく、本発明の造形用材として用いる砂礫と比較して、平均粒径が小さいものが用いられる。ガラス粉末の粒径の目安としては、通常、1μm乃至1mmの範囲内、好ましくは2μm乃至500μmの範囲内のものが用いられる。ガラス粉末は、光を反射しやすく吸収し難いように加工されたものが暗色化現象を起こし難くするので好ましく、とりわけ、生成時の急激な冷却により、気泡を有するガラス粉末、いわゆる中空状ガラス粉末が好ましい。このような中空状ガラス粉末の一例としては、シラス土壌を約1,000℃に熱した後、急激に冷却して、気泡を含有せしめた、株式会社アクシーズケミカル販売の商品名『シラスバルーン』が挙げられる。
【0014】
ガラスの材質は特に限定されないが、例えば、セレン、イオウなどの元素、ケイ素、ホウ素、ゲルマニウムなどの酸化物、酸化物塩類、硫化物、セレン化物、ハロゲン化物などがガラス状態(非結晶固形物)にあるものが挙げられ、これらの1種又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。これらのうち、石英ガラス、ソーダ石灰ガラス、鉛ガラス、ホウケイ酸ガラス、アルミノホウケイ酸ガラス、アルミノケイ酸塩ガラスなどは、一般に実用化されているため入手しやすく、本発明の造形用材において好適に用いることができる。
【0015】
結着剤としては、無色又は透明の結着剤を用いるか、用いる砂礫の本来の色彩、質感を妨げない範囲で着色されたものを用いることができる。結着剤としては、乾燥により水分が蒸発することにより結着固化し、再び水分を付与することにより、再溶解する結着剤、いわゆる水溶性結着剤が有利に用いられる。水溶性結着剤としては、澱粉、プルラン、カラギーナン、アルギン酸ナトリウム、グアガム、アラビアガム、エルシナン、キサンタンガム、トラガカントガム、ペクチンなどの粘性多糖類、ゼラチンなどのタンパク質など、またはそれらの誘導体を採用することができ、これら水溶性結着剤の1種又は2種以上を適宜混合して用いることができる。これらのうち、澱粉、プルランなどの粘性多糖類が最も好ましく用いられる。水溶性結着剤は、適量の水又は湯に溶解及び/又は膨潤したものを使用すればよく、水溶性結着剤の種類にもよるが、通常、固形物含量が0.1乃至80w/v%、好ましくは1乃至50w/v%の水溶性結着剤を含有する水溶液又は懸濁液を用いれば良い。なお、造形用材を再利用しない場合には、非水溶性結着剤を用いても構わない。
【0016】
本発明の造形用材には、本発明の目的を逸脱しない範囲内で、適宜の成分を添加することができる。例えば、細菌、虫、ネズミなどからの害を防ぐために、適宜の防腐剤、防虫剤、防鼠剤などを、紫外線による劣化を防ぐために、適宜の紫外線防護剤、紫外線吸収剤などを、酸化を防ぐための抗酸化剤、砂礫、岩石の粉砕物又は物品からの臭いを低減するために、適宜の防臭剤、着香剤などを含有させることができる。また、適宜の樹脂、コンクリート、金属粉末、木粉末、発泡ウレタンなど、通常の造形用材を製造する際に用いる成分を配合してもよい。
【0017】
本発明の造形用材の製造方法及び使用方法としては、砂礫、ガラス粉末、結着剤をよく混合した後、造形用材が固まらないうちに、木枠や金型に流し込んだり、山状に成形した後、空気を除去するために押圧して圧縮する。物品あるいは本発明の造形用材を付着させた物品に更に本発明の造形用材を塗布してもよい。物品に造形用材を付着させた後には、造形用材を適宜の方法、例えば、自然乾燥、温風乾燥、赤外線乾燥などにより、乾燥させる。この方法により調製された乾燥後の本発明の造形用材における圧縮強さは、日本工業規格JIS R1250 「普通れんが」の項に準じて測定したところ、25乃至2,500N/cm2の範囲内となり、加工に適している。
【0018】
本発明の造形用材によって包埋された物品の形態としては、図1に示すように、符号1に示す本発明の造形用材を、符号2に示す物品の一部を覆い隠すように包埋したものが挙げられる。また、図2に示すように、符号3に示す本発明以外の造形用材、非水溶性結着剤により作製された本発明の造形用材、又は天然の岩石などで部分的に包埋された符号2に示す物品を、符号1に示す本発明の造形用材で一部を覆い隠すように包埋したものが挙げられる。なお、所望により、物品を露出部分がなく全部を包埋してもよい。
【0019】
物品に付着させた本発明の造形用材は、適宜の方法によりその表面を加工することができる。表面を加工する方法としては、通常の展示品製造、レプリカ作製作業で用いられる道具、例えば、金属、ゴム、セラミック、プラスチック、木、竹、羽毛などの素材で作製されたもの、例えば、ハンマー、タガネ、釘、シャベル、スプーン、彫刻刀、千枚通し、刷毛、ブラシ、へら、のみ、ドリル、鋸、メス、ヤスリ、紙ヤスリなどを用いることができる。また、レーザー、超音波、赤外線、X線、火炎放射、ジェット水流などを利用した各種加工装置を用いることも可能である。また、展示品完成後の本発明の造形用材の表面を部分的に、絵の具、クレヨン、鉛筆、ペンキなどの着色剤で着色したり、ニス、ラッカー、パラフィンなどの光沢剤や保護剤を塗布することもできる。
【0020】
本発明の造形用材の結着剤として、水溶性結着剤を用いることにより、造形用材の再利用が可能となり、一度作製した包埋物品を解体し、造り直すことも容易に実施可能となる。さらに、使用済みの本発明の造形用材を水洗し接着剤を除去し、必要に応じて、さらに適宜の方法により、砂礫とガラス粉末とを分離すれば、本発明の造形用材を廃棄物とすることなく、それぞれの成分を別の用途に利用することも、再び環境中に戻すこともできる。この場合、毒性がなく、生分解性の水溶性接着剤を用いれば、洗浄廃液に起因する環境汚染を防ぐことも容易である。
【0021】
本発明の造形用材は、物品の展示用以外にも、各種物品の保管用、輸送用に用いることができる。また、発掘品に付着した砂礫を除去するクリーニング作業の実習用として、又は、博物館などで来館者に発掘の体験をしてもらうことに用いることができる。また、発掘品などの物品を包埋する用途に限らず、モニュメント、彫刻、燈篭、庭石、石垣、石段、石碑、石塔、石畳、墓石、石像、盆栽、学習教材、舞台道具、マネキン人形、風景模型、ジオラマ、建築物などの材料として用いることができる。
【0022】
以下に、本発明の造形用材の実験例を示す。
【0023】
【実験1】
<造形用材中の結着剤含量>
モンゴルのゴビ砂漠から採取した岩石(砂岩)を細かく粉砕し、ふるいにかけ、粒径125μm〜250μmの砂礫を採取した。ガラス粉末としては、市販のアルミノケイ酸ガラスの中空状ガラス粉末である商品名『シラスバルーン』(株式会社アクシーズケミカル販売)を、ふるいにかけ、粒径63μm未満のガラス粉末を収集した。これらの体積をメスシリンダーで測定し、体積比1:1で混合したものに、結着剤として澱粉糊(商品名『ヤマト糊』、ヤマト株式会社販売、固形物含量約23%)を、砂礫・ガラス粉末混合物1cm3当り、0、0.02、0.05、2、10、50、100、150、200、500mgを添加し、よく混ぜ合わせた後に平板上で熱風乾燥して固化させた。これらを、粉砕前のモンゴルのゴビ砂漠の岩石と比較し、色彩及び質感を比較した。評価結果は、パネラー23名による肉眼判定により、岩石本来の色彩及び質感を有していると判断したパネラーが20名以上の場合を○、10名以上20名未満の場合△、10名未満の場合を×として表した。その結果を表1に示す。
【0024】
【表1】
【0025】
表1に示すとおり、結着剤含量が砂礫・ガラス粉末混合物1cm3当り0.05乃至200mgにおいて、造形用材は岩石本来の色彩及び質感を有していた。なお、結着剤の含量が0.05mg未満の場合、造形用材は十分な強度で固化せず、実用的ではなかった。
【0026】
<ガラス粉末と砂礫の含量>
実験1と同様にして、砂礫の粒径が63μm〜125μm及び125μm〜250μmの2種類の砂礫を用意した。これに対して、粒径63μm未満のアルミノケイ酸ガラスの中空状ガラス粉末(商品名『シラスバルーン』、株式会社アクシーズケミカル販売)を後記表2又は表3の配合比率で含有させ、結着剤として澱粉糊(商品名『ヤマト糊』、ヤマト株式会社販売、固形物含量約23w/w%)を固形物として砂礫・ガラス粉末混合物1cm3当り1mg若しくは3mgを含有させ、造形用材を作製した。これらを、実験1と同様の評価方法により評価した。その結果を表2及び表3に示す。
【0027】
【表2】
【0028】
【表3】
【0029】
表2及び表3に示す結果より、ガラス粉末は80乃至10体積%、砂礫は20乃至90体積%で作製した場合、良好な結果が得られた。これらの範囲外の場合、つまり、砂礫の含量が20体積%未満又はガラス粉末の含量が80体積%を超える場合には、ガラス粉末の色彩及び質感に近くなり、砂礫の色彩及び質感は満足のいくものではなかった。一方、砂礫の含量が90体積%を越えるか又はガラス粉末の含量が10体積%未満の場合、暗色化が起り、造形用材は薄暗い色彩となった。
【0030】
以下に、本発明の造形用材、及びそれを利用した展示用物品の実施例を示す。
【0031】
【実施例1】
<造形用材>
モンゴルのゴビ砂漠の岩石(砂岩)を細かく砕き、ふるいにかけ、粒径63μmm乃至125μmのものを選別した。この3体積部に、アルミノケイ酸ガラスの中空状ガラス粉末である商品名『シラスバルーン』(株式会社アクシーズケミカル販売)をふるいにかけ、粒径を63μm未満としたもの3体積部をよく混ぜ合わせた。砂礫・ガラス粉末混合物の体積を測定した後、水溶性結着剤である澱粉糊(商品名『ヤマト糊』、ヤマト株式会社販売、固形物含量約23w/w%)を砂礫・ガラス粉末混合物1cm3当り100mg(固形物として約23mg)を加え、全体が均一になるまで混合し、本発明の造形用材を得た。
【0032】
モンゴルのゴビ砂漠の岩石本来の色彩及び質感を有する本発明の造形用材は、モンゴルのゴビ砂漠からの発掘品を包埋すれば、忠実に発掘現場を再現した包埋物品を作製することができる。また、水溶性結着剤を用いているので、再利用や廃棄に適している。
【0033】
【実施例2】
<造形用材>
水溶性結着剤として、20w/w%のプルラン溶液を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法により、本発明の造形用材を得た。
【0034】
モンゴルのゴビ砂漠の岩石本来の色彩及び質感を有する本発明の造形用材は、モンゴルのゴビ砂漠からの発掘品を包埋すれば、忠実に発掘現場を再現した包埋物品を作製することができる。また、水溶性結着剤を用いているので、再利用や廃棄に適している。
【0035】
【実施例3】
<展示用物品の作製>
実施例1で作製した本発明の造形用材を平板上に厚さ約10cmとなるように広げ、適度な大きさに成形した後、モンゴルのゴビ砂漠から発掘した恐竜(プロトケラトプス、学名:Protoceratops andrewsi)の約百数十の部品からなる全身骨格を発掘された状況と同じ配置で埋め込んだ。乾燥後、発掘直後の写真と比較しつつ、さらに、適量の造形用材を塗布し、発掘直後の発掘品と類似した形状とした後、造形用材の表面を竹べら又は彫刻刀で削り、発掘直後の発掘品の状況を再現した。図3には、被複写体である発掘直後の恐竜骨格の発掘品、図4には、本発明の造形用材による恐竜骨格の展示品を示す。
【0036】
図3及び図4に示すとおり、本発明の造形用材による恐竜骨格の展示品は、被複写体と同様に、発掘直後の恐竜骨格の状態を保持した形状で配列しており、造形用材部分は暗色化現象を起こすことなく、岩石本来の色彩と質感を保持していた。また、造形用材に中空状ガラス粉末の配合したことにより、該展示品は、被複写体よりも軽量となり、輸送時の負担が軽減した。
【0037】
【実施例4】
<包埋物品>
恐竜の骨のレプリカを、実施例2で作製した本発明の造形用材で完全に包埋した後、温風乾燥し、包埋物品を得た。
【0038】
本品は、実習用又は教材用として、恐竜の骨などの物品を岩石から取り出す操作を習熟又は体験することに用いることができる。また、本品の使用後には、水洗すれば容易にレプリカと造形用材を分離回収することができる。
【0039】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、砂礫本来の色彩と質感を有する造形用材が作製できるので、発掘現場を忠実に再現した展示品を作製することができる。また、物品からの剥離が容易であるので、極めて使いやすい上に、再利用可能でり、廃棄物となりにくいので、経済的及び環境的に有利である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の造形用材によって作製される物品の一形態を示す模式図である。
【図2】本発明の造形用材によって作製される物品の一形態を示す模式図である。
【図3】被複写体である本物の岩石に埋もれた発掘品(恐竜骨格)を示すデジタル画像をディスプレー上に表示した中間調画像を示す図である。
【図4】本発明の造形用材で包埋した発掘品(恐竜骨格)の展示品を示すデジタル画像をディスプレー上に表示した中間調画像を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
1 本発明の造形用材
2 物品
3 本発明以外の造形用材、非水溶性結着剤による本発明の造形用材、又は天然岩石[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a modeling material for producing a modeling material that retains the color and texture of gravel or rock, and an article embedded with the modeling material.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Excavations in archeology and paleontology are important resources that enable us to infer and analyze the history of human beings, the evolution of living things, and the habitat of paleontological creatures, and are valuable cultural heritage. A museum is a facility where such materials are stored and even displayed so that these materials can be opened to the general public. However, for visitors, simply watching the excavated items displayed in the glass case is a little uninteresting and there are demands for interesting exhibits and events using them.
[0003]
For excavated items, not only exhibiting completely excavated items but also displaying them in a state of being embedded in sand gravel or rocks may be adopted. This display method is excellent in terms of reality, and in the excavated item composed of a plurality of parts such as animal skeletons, there is an advantage that the parts can be combined and displayed as an integral animal skeleton. In addition, this exhibition method has the effect of physically strengthening and protecting valuable excavated items, and can prevent damage and deterioration of excavated items that may occur when the excavated items are stored and transported.
[0004]
Since it is difficult to embed excavated materials in real rocks, in reality, materials that are similar in appearance to rocks are used. For example, a resin such as an unsaturated polyester resin is hardened and formed into a rock shape, or after urethane foam is formed into a rock shape, a resin such as an unsaturated polyester resin is applied to the surface. Yes. However, such a modeling method can simulate the shape of the rock, but cannot reproduce the color and texture of the rock, resulting in the color and texture of a resin such as an unsaturated polyester resin. Although it is possible to color the material for modeling with a colorant and adjust the color, it is difficult to faithfully reproduce the original color and texture of gravel and rock.
[0005]
In order to faithfully reproduce the original color and texture of gravel and rocks, a method of using molding materials reconstituted as rocks by solidifying gravel or rocks at the excavation site with a colorless or transparent binder, etc. Conceivable. However, the colorless and transparent binder absorbs light through the gaps between the gravel particles, so that the reflected light decreases and the modeling material darkens (this phenomenon is referred to as “darkening phenomenon” in this specification). Will be called). In order to solve this, a binder that easily reflects light may be employed. For example, a woodworking adhesive has a milky white color and hardly causes a darkening phenomenon. However, the gravel color is limited to white or a color close to white.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a modeling material that reproduces the original color and texture of gravel, and an article embedded by such a modeling material.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors have revealed that searches a shaped timber with the original colors and textures gravel that mixing glass powder pulverized gravel and rocks, colorless or transparent as a binder It was found that it is possible to produce a molding material having the original color and texture of gravel without causing a darkening phenomenon even when using the above binder. In addition, if a water-soluble binder is used as the binder for such modeling material, it becomes flexible again only by applying moisture even after the modeling material is solidified, and the excavated product is peeled off from the modeling material. The present invention has been completed by finding that it is easy to do, and that the peeled molding material can be reused.
[0008]
That is, the present invention is to provide a modeling material having the original color and texture of gravel in order to solve the above problems.
[0009]
Furthermore, in order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention is to provide an article partially or entirely embedded with a modeling material having the original color and texture of gravel.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The article that is partially or entirely embedded by the modeling material in the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be a natural product or an artificial product, or a real product or a replica. The main purpose of the material for modeling according to the present invention is to reproduce the state at the time of excavation of an article partially or wholly embedded by gravel or rock, so an article excavated from the soil, so-called excavated article It can be advantageously performed for embedding. Examples of excavated materials include rocks, coal, gemstones, corals, coral, metal, ores, lava, stromasites, meteorites, etc., or some or all of animals and plants, such as animal bones, teeth, fangs, Examples include skin, horns, nails, hair, shells, shells, shells, leaves, roots, stems, vines, xylem, vascular bundles, flowers, rhizomes, seeds, and pollen. These articles may be in the form of fossils, or the shape of the article may be left as a trace on a rock or the like. Examples of the excavated artifact include articles such as stone tools, wooden tools, metal tools, earthenware, ornaments, weapons, books, clothes, and buildings.
[0011]
The modeling material of the present invention includes gravel, glass powder, and a binder, and these components may be appropriately determined in proportion in consideration of the particle size of the gravel and the particle size of the glass powder. Normally,
[0012]
The gravel is not particularly limited, but if the article that embeds all or part of it is an excavated product, in order to faithfully reproduce the excavation site, the excavation site's gravel or rock that has been crushed into gravel is used. Is preferred. In addition, when it is difficult to obtain and use the gravel or rock crushed material at the excavation site, other gravel having similar appearance such as color and texture can be used. Since the gravel or rock referred to in the present invention is a gravel or rock in the formation in which the excavated material is buried, it is usually a gravel derived from sedimentary rocks such as lechite, sandstone, siltstone, claystone, limestone, and diatomaceous earth. Or it becomes the pulverized material of sedimentary rock. The particle size of the gravel is preferably set in accordance with the particle size of the sediment composing the gravel or rock at the excavation site, and the gravel having a desired particle size may be used by sieving. The particle size of the gravel is selected in the range of 10 μm to 10 mm, preferably in the range of 20 μm to 1 mm.
[0013]
Although it does not specifically limit as glass powder, Usually, artificial glass powder, what is obtained from natural volcanic ash soil or shirasu soil, or those processed goods are used suitably. The glass powder may not have a uniform particle diameter, and a glass powder having a smaller average particle diameter is used as compared with the gravel used as the modeling material of the present invention. As a guide for the particle size of the glass powder, those having a particle diameter in the range of 1 μm to 1 mm, preferably 2 μm to 500 μm are usually used. The glass powder is preferably processed so that it is easy to reflect light and difficult to absorb because it is difficult to cause a darkening phenomenon. Especially, the glass powder having bubbles due to rapid cooling at the time of generation, so-called hollow glass powder. Is preferred. As an example of such a hollow glass powder, the product name “Shirasu Balloon” sold by Axes Chemicals Co., Ltd., in which Shirasu soil was heated to about 1,000 ° C. and then rapidly cooled to contain bubbles, was introduced. Can be mentioned.
[0014]
The material of the glass is not particularly limited. For example, elements such as selenium and sulfur, oxides such as silicon, boron and germanium, oxide salts, sulfides, selenides and halides are in a glass state (non-crystalline solid) These can be used, and one or more of these can be used in combination. Among these, quartz glass, soda lime glass, lead glass, borosilicate glass, aluminoborosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, and the like are generally available because they are practically used, and are preferably used in the molding material of the present invention. be able to.
[0015]
As the binder, a colorless or transparent binder can be used, or one that is colored within a range that does not interfere with the original color and texture of the gravel to be used can be used. As the binder, a binder that is solidified by evaporation of moisture by drying and re-dissolved by rehydration of water, a so-called water-soluble binder is advantageously used. As the water-soluble binder, starch, pullulan, carrageenan, sodium alginate, guar gum, gum arabic, erucinan, xanthan gum, gum tragacanth, pectin and other viscous polysaccharides, proteins such as gelatin, etc., or derivatives thereof may be employed. One or two or more of these water-soluble binders can be appropriately mixed and used. Of these, viscous polysaccharides such as starch and pullulan are most preferably used. What is necessary is just to use what was melt | dissolved and / or swollen in a suitable amount of water or hot water, and a water-soluble binder is normally 0.1-80 w / solid content depending on the kind of water-soluble binder. An aqueous solution or suspension containing v%, preferably 1 to 50 w / v% water-soluble binder may be used. In addition, when not reusing the modeling material, a water-insoluble binder may be used.
[0016]
An appropriate component can be added to the modeling material of the present invention within a range not departing from the object of the present invention. For example, to prevent harm from bacteria, insects, rats, etc., oxidize appropriate preservatives, insecticides, antifungal agents, etc., and to prevent appropriate UV protection agents, UV absorbers, etc. In order to reduce the odor from the antioxidant, sand gravel, crushed rocks or articles for prevention, an appropriate deodorant, flavoring agent and the like can be contained. Moreover, you may mix | blend the component used when manufacturing normal shaping | molding materials, such as appropriate resin, concrete, metal powder, wood powder, and urethane foam.
[0017]
As a manufacturing method and a usage method of the modeling material of the present invention, after thoroughly mixing gravel, glass powder, and a binder, before the modeling material is hardened, it is poured into a wooden frame or a mold or formed into a mountain shape. Then, press and compress to remove air. You may apply | coat the shaping | molding material of this invention further to the article | item to which the shaping | molding material of this invention or this invention was made to adhere. After the modeling material is attached to the article, the modeling material is dried by an appropriate method, for example, natural drying, warm air drying, infrared drying, or the like. The compressive strength of the molding material of the present invention after drying prepared by this method is in the range of 25 to 2500 N / cm 2 when measured according to the Japanese Industrial Standard JIS R1250 “Normal brick”. Suitable for processing.
[0018]
As the form of the article embedded with the modeling material of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, the modeling material of the present invention indicated by
[0019]
The surface of the modeling material of the present invention attached to an article can be processed by an appropriate method. As a method of processing the surface, tools used in normal display production, replica production work, such as metal, rubber, ceramic, plastic, wood, bamboo, feathers, etc., such as a hammer, A chisel, a nail, a shovel, a spoon, a sword, a thread, a brush, a brush, a spatula, a drill, a saw, a knife, a file, a paper file, etc. can be used. It is also possible to use various processing apparatuses using laser, ultrasonic waves, infrared rays, X-rays, flame radiation, jet water flow, and the like. In addition, the surface of the molding material of the present invention after the display is completed is partially colored with a colorant such as paint, crayon, pencil, paint, or a glossy or protective agent such as varnish, lacquer or paraffin is applied. You can also
[0020]
By using a water-soluble binder as the binder for the modeling material of the present invention, the modeling material can be reused, and the once-embedded embedded article can be easily disassembled and rebuilt. . Furthermore, if the used modeling material of the present invention is washed with water to remove the adhesive, and if necessary, the gravel and the glass powder are separated by an appropriate method, the modeling material of the present invention is made a waste. Instead, each component can be used for another purpose or returned to the environment again. In this case, if a non-toxic and biodegradable water-soluble adhesive is used, it is easy to prevent environmental pollution caused by cleaning waste liquid.
[0021]
The modeling material of the present invention can be used for storing and transporting various articles in addition to exhibiting articles. Further, it can be used for practical training of a cleaning operation for removing gravel attached to excavated products, or for having visitors experience excavation at a museum or the like. In addition to embedding objects such as excavations, monuments, sculptures, fences, garden stones, stone walls, stone steps, stone monuments, stone pagodas, cobblestones, tombstones, stone statues, bonsai, learning materials, stage tools, mannequins, landscapes It can be used as a material for models, diorama, buildings, etc.
[0022]
Below, the experiment example of the modeling material of this invention is shown.
[0023]
[Experiment 1]
<Binder content in molding material>
Rocks (sandstone) collected from the Gobi Desert in Mongolia were finely crushed and sieved to collect gravel with a particle size of 125 μm to 250 μm. As the glass powder, a commercial name “Shirasu Balloon” (available from Axes Chemical Co., Ltd.), which is a hollow glass powder of aluminosilicate glass, was sieved to collect glass powder having a particle size of less than 63 μm. Measure these volumes with a graduated cylinder, mix with a 1: 1 volume ratio, and add starch paste (trade name “Yamato Paste”, sold by Yamato Co., Ltd., solids content of about 23%) as a binder. Add 0, 0.02, 0.05, 2, 10, 50, 100, 150, 200, 500 mg per 1 cm 3 of glass powder mixture, mix well, and then dry with hot air on a flat plate to solidify . These were compared with the rocks of the Gobi Desert in Mongolia before crushing, and the colors and textures were compared. The evaluation results are as follows: 23 or more panelists judged to have the original color and texture of the rock by the naked eye judgment by 23 panelists; Cases were represented as x. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0024]
[Table 1]
[0025]
As shown in Table 1, when the binder content was 0.05 to 200 mg per 1 cm 3 of the gravel / glass powder mixture, the modeling material had the original color and texture of the rock. In addition, when the content of the binder was less than 0.05 mg, the modeling material did not solidify with sufficient strength and was not practical.
[0026]
<Glass powder and gravel content>
In the same manner as in
[0027]
[Table 2]
[0028]
[Table 3]
[0029]
From the results shown in Tables 2 and 3, good results were obtained when the glass powder was produced at 80 to 10% by volume and the gravel at 20 to 90% by volume. Outside these ranges, that is, when the gravel content is less than 20% by volume or the glass powder content is more than 80% by volume, the color and texture of the glass powder are close and the gravel color and texture are satisfactory. It wasn't going. On the other hand, when the gravel content exceeded 90% by volume or the glass powder content was less than 10% by volume, darkening occurred and the modeling material became a dim color.
[0030]
Examples of the modeling material according to the present invention and exhibition articles using the material will be described below.
[0031]
[Example 1]
<Material for modeling>
The rocks (sandstone) of the Gobi desert in Mongolia were finely crushed and sieved, and those having a particle size of 63 μm to 125 μm were selected. A product name “Shirasu Balloon” (available from Axes Chemical Co., Ltd.), which is a hollow glass powder of aluminosilicate glass, was sieved into 3 parts by volume, and 3 parts by volume with a particle size of less than 63 μm were mixed well. After measuring the volume of the gravel / glass powder mixture, starch glue (trade name “Yamato Paste”, sold by Yamato Co., Ltd., solids content of about 23 w / w%), which is a water-soluble binder, is 1 cm of the gravel / glass powder mixture. 100 mg per 3 (about 23 mg as a solid) was added and mixed until the whole became uniform to obtain the molding material of the present invention.
[0032]
The molding material of the present invention having the original color and texture of the rocks of the Gobi Desert in Mongolia can embed an excavation from the Gobi Desert in Mongolia to produce an embedding article that faithfully reproduces the excavation site. . In addition, since a water-soluble binder is used, it is suitable for reuse and disposal.
[0033]
[Example 2]
<Material for modeling>
A modeling material of the present invention was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a 20 w / w% pullulan solution was used as the water-soluble binder.
[0034]
The molding material of the present invention having the original color and texture of the rocks of the Gobi Desert in Mongolia can embed an excavation from the Gobi Desert in Mongolia to produce an embedding article that faithfully reproduces the excavation site. . In addition, since a water-soluble binder is used, it is suitable for reuse and disposal.
[0035]
[Example 3]
<Production of exhibition items>
After the shaped timber of the present invention prepared in Example 1 and spread to a thickness of about 10cm on a flat plate, and molded into an appropriate size, dinosaur unearthed from Mongolia Gobi (Protoceratops, scientific name: Protoceratops andrewsi) The whole body skeleton consisting of about a hundred parts was embedded in the same arrangement as the excavated situation. After drying, while comparing with the photo immediately after excavation, apply an appropriate amount of modeling material, make it a shape similar to the excavated product immediately after excavation, then scrape the surface of the modeling material with a bamboo spatula or carving sword, The situation of excavated items was reproduced. FIG. 3 shows an excavated article of a dinosaur skeleton immediately after excavation, which is a copy object, and FIG. 4 shows an exhibit of the dinosaur skeleton using the modeling material of the present invention.
[0036]
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the exhibits of the dinosaur skeletons using the modeling material of the present invention are arranged in a shape that retains the state of the dinosaur skeleton immediately after excavation in the same manner as the object to be copied. The original color and texture of the rock were preserved without causing darkening. In addition, since the hollow glass powder was mixed with the modeling material, the exhibit was lighter than the copy and the burden during transportation was reduced.
[0037]
[Example 4]
<Embedded article>
A replica of the bone of the dinosaur was completely embedded with the modeling material of the present invention produced in Example 2, and then dried with warm air to obtain an embedded article.
[0038]
This product can be used for learning or experiencing an operation of taking out an article such as a bone of a dinosaur from a rock for training or teaching materials. Moreover, after using this product, the replica and the modeling material can be easily separated and recovered by washing with water.
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, since the modeling material having the original color and texture of the gravel can be produced, it is possible to produce an exhibit that faithfully reproduces the excavation site. In addition, since it can be easily peeled off from the article, it is extremely easy to use, can be reused, and hardly becomes waste, which is economically and environmentally advantageous.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of an article produced by a modeling material of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of an article produced by the modeling material of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a halftone image in which a digital image showing an excavation (dinosaur skeleton) buried in a real rock as a copy object is displayed on a display.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a halftone image in which a digital image showing an exhibit of an excavated item (dinosaur skeleton) embedded with a modeling material of the present invention is displayed on a display.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF
Claims (7)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002233031A JP4275366B2 (en) | 2002-08-09 | 2002-08-09 | Materials for modeling and articles embedded in materials for modeling |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002233031A JP4275366B2 (en) | 2002-08-09 | 2002-08-09 | Materials for modeling and articles embedded in materials for modeling |
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| JP2004066781A JP2004066781A (en) | 2004-03-04 |
| JP2004066781A5 JP2004066781A5 (en) | 2005-11-04 |
| JP4275366B2 true JP4275366B2 (en) | 2009-06-10 |
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