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JP4282265B2 - Resin composition for sliding member and sliding member - Google Patents
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JP4282265B2 - Resin composition for sliding member and sliding member - Google Patents

Resin composition for sliding member and sliding member Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4282265B2
JP4282265B2 JP2002026703A JP2002026703A JP4282265B2 JP 4282265 B2 JP4282265 B2 JP 4282265B2 JP 2002026703 A JP2002026703 A JP 2002026703A JP 2002026703 A JP2002026703 A JP 2002026703A JP 4282265 B2 JP4282265 B2 JP 4282265B2
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weight
resin
sliding member
phosphate
wax
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JP2003226807A (en
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一夫 平井
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Oiles Corp
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Oiles Corp
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  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明が属する技術分野】
本発明は、摺動部材用樹脂組成物に関し、詳しくは、アルミニウム合金などの軟質金属を摺動相手材として使用した場合において、とくに優れた摩擦摩耗特性を発揮する摺動部材用樹脂組成物および摺動部材に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリアセタール樹脂などの熱可塑性合成樹脂は、機械的強度、耐摩耗性に優れるため、軸受、歯車などの機械要素として広く使用されている。しかしながら、これらの合成樹脂は樹脂単独では充分な摩擦摩耗特性が得られないため、樹脂に黒鉛、二硫化モリブデン、四ふっ化エチレン樹脂などの固体潤滑剤、鉱油やロウなどの潤滑油剤を含有したり、ポリエチレン樹脂などの低摩擦性を有する他の合成樹脂の配合が不可欠である。
【0003】
例えば、ポリエチレン樹脂を配合した樹脂組成物として、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリアセタール樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂およびポリカーボネート樹脂から選ばれる熱可塑性樹脂70〜98重量%と、超高分子量ポリエチレン樹脂粉末2〜30重量%とを溶融混練してなる熱可塑性樹脂組成物が知られている(特公昭63−65232号公報)。
【0004】
一方、合成樹脂製摺動部材に限らず、軸受などの摺動部材においては、相手材(例えば軸)の材質、表面性状なども優れた摩擦摩耗特性を得るためには重要な要素となる。近年の複写機などOA機器の発達にともない、軽量化が要求される機械装置、機器類においては、摺動相手材としてアルミニウム合金の使用が不可欠とされており、アルミニウム合金を相手材とした場合においても、良好な摩擦摩耗特性が要求される。
【0005】
上述した特公昭63−65232号公報に開示された熱可塑性樹脂組成物からなる摺動部材は、アルミニウム合金を相手材とする摺動においては、摩擦係数が高く、摩耗量も大きいという問題があり、上記の要求を満たしているとは言い難いものである。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上記の実情に鑑みなされたもので、その目的は、アルミニウム合金などの軟質金属を相手材とする場合において、優れた摩擦摩耗特性を発揮する摺動部材用樹脂組成物および摺動部材を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、上記目的を達成するべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、ポリアミド樹脂を主成分とし、これに一定割合のポリエチレン樹脂、炭化水素系ワックスおよび燐酸塩を配合した樹脂組成物からなる摺動部材が、上記目的を達成し得るとの知見を得た。
【0008】
本発明は、上記知見に基づき完成されたものであり、その第一の要旨は、ポリエチレン樹脂0.5〜30重量%と炭化水素系ワックス1〜15重量%と燐酸塩0.1〜5重量%と残部ポリアミド樹脂からなり、前記ポリエチレン樹脂はポリアミド樹脂とのポリマーアロイの形態で配合されてなり、ポリエチレン樹脂とポリアミド樹脂とのポリマーアロイは、ポリエチレン樹脂20〜50重量%とポリアミド樹脂80〜50重量%とからなる摺動部材用樹脂組成物に存する。
【0010】
本発明の第の要旨は、上記の摺動部材用樹脂組成物を成形してなる摺動部材に存する。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を説明する。先ず、摺動部材用樹脂組成物について説明する。本発明の第一の要旨の摺動部材用樹脂組成物においては、主成分としてポリアミド樹脂を使用し、配合成分としてポリエチレン樹脂、炭化水素系ワックスおよび燐酸塩を使用する。
【0012】
主成分をなすポリアミド樹脂は、脂肪族ポリアミド樹脂であり、具体的には、ナイロン6、ナイロン66、ナイロン610、ナイロン11、ナイロン12等が挙げられる。
【0013】
本発明で使用する炭化水素系ワックスとしては、パラフィンワックス、ポリエチレンワックス、マイクロクリスタリンワックスが使用される。
【0014】
これらの炭化水素系ワックスは、摺動部材の低摩擦性に寄与するとともに相手材の損傷を著しく低減させるものである。炭化水素系ワックスの配合量は通常1〜15重量%、好ましくは3〜10重量%、さらに好ましくは5〜7重量%である。炭化水素系ワックスの配合量が1重量%未満の場合は、低摩擦性に充分寄与せず、また配合量が15重量%を超えると成形性を著しく低下させるとともに摺動部材としての強度を低下させる。
【0015】
本発明で使用する燐酸塩としては、第三燐酸金属塩、第二燐酸金属塩、ピロ燐酸金属塩、亜燐酸金属塩、メタ燐酸金属塩などの金属燐酸塩およびそれらの混合物が挙げられる。この中でも、第三燐酸金属塩、第二燐酸金属塩およびピロ燐酸金属塩が好ましい。金属としてはアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属および遷移金属が使用され、中でもアルカリ金属およびアルカリ土類金属が好ましく、とくにリチウム、カルシウム、マグネシウムおよびバリウムが好ましい。
【0016】
具体的には、燐酸三リチウム(LiPO)、燐酸水素リチウム(LiHPO)、ピロ燐酸リチウム(Li)、燐酸三カルシウム〔Ca(PO〕、ピロ燐酸カルシウム(Ca)および燐酸水素カルシウム〔CaHPO(・2HO)〕が燐酸塩として最も好ましいものである。
【0017】
燐酸塩はそれ自体、黒鉛、二硫化モリブデンのような潤滑性を示す物質ではないが、上述した主成分をなすポリアミド樹脂および炭化水素系ワックスに配合されることにより、相手材との摺動において相手材の表面にこれらの潤滑被膜の造膜性を助長する効果を発揮する。また、前記炭化水素系ワックスの配合による成形性の低下を抑える効果もある。この燐酸塩による前者の効果は、乾燥摩擦潤滑下で使用される摺動部材に必要とされる要件である。燐酸塩は、上述した主成分をなすポリアミド樹脂および炭化水素系ワックスに対し少量の配合量、例えば、0.1重量%の配合量で前記した潤滑被膜の造膜性を助長する効果が現れはじめ、5重量%の配合量まで当該造膜性の効果は維持される。しかし、配合量が5重量%を超えると、相手材の表面への潤滑被膜の造膜量が多くなりすぎ、却って耐摩耗性を低下させる。したがって、燐酸塩の配合量は、0.1〜5重量%、好ましくは0.5〜3重量%である。
【0018】
本発明で使用するポリエチレン樹脂としては、低密度ポリエチレン樹脂、直鎖状低密度
ポリエチレン樹脂、中密度ポリエチレン樹脂、高密度ポリエチレン樹脂が挙げられる。また、超高分子量ポリエチレン樹脂、超高分子量ポリエチレン成分と低分子量ポリエチレン成分とからなる高分子量ポリエチレン樹脂も使用できる。
【0019】
また、エチレンと少量の他のα−オレフィン、例えばプロピレン、1−ブテン、1−ヘキセン、1−オクテン、4−メチル−1−ペンテン等との共重合体も使用できる。さらに、前記エチレン単独重合体または共重合体が、不飽和カルボン酸、その誘導体またはビニル系重合体などにより変性されたポリエチレン樹脂も使用できる。変性ポリエチレン樹脂は、ポリアミド樹脂との親和性を向上させる。
【0020】
上記の不飽和カルボン酸としては、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、マレイン酸、フマル酸、テトラヒドロフタル酸、イタコン酸、シトラコン酸、クロトン酸、エンドシス−ビシクロ[2,2,1]ヘプト−5−エン−2,3−ジカルボン酸(ナジック酸)等が挙げられる。また、不飽和カルボン酸の誘導体としては、塩化マレニル、マレイミド、アクリル酸アミド、メタクリル酸アミド、グリシジルメタクリレート、無水マレイン酸、無水シトラコン酸、マレイン酸モノメチル、マレイン酸ジメチル、グリシジルマレエート等が挙げられる。これらの不飽和カルボン酸またはその誘導体は、単独でまたは組合わせて使用される。とくに、不飽和ジカルボン酸またはその酸無水物が好ましく、マレイン酸、ナジック酸またはこれらの酸無水物がより好ましい。
【0021】
ポリエチレン樹脂をカルボン酸またはその誘導体で変性する方法としては、不飽和カルボン酸またはその誘導体から選ばれるグラフトモノマーをポリエチレン樹脂にグラフト重合する方法が挙げられる。グラフト重合する方法としては、従来公知の方法が採用できる。例えば、ポリエチレン樹脂を溶融し、グラフトモノマーを添加してグラフト重合する方法あるいはポリエチレン樹脂を溶媒に溶解し、グラフトモノマーを添加してグラフト重合する方法である。このとき、ラジカル開始剤を併用するのが好ましい。グラフトモノマーの添加割合としては、ポリエチレン樹脂100重量部に対して0.01〜10重量部が好ましい。
【0022】
ビニル系重合体としては、ポリスチレン、ポリメチルメタクリレート、アクリロニトリル−スチレン共重合体などが挙げられる。
【0023】
ポリエチレン樹脂をビニル系重合体で変性する方法としては、ポリエチレン樹脂の懸濁水溶液に、スチレン等のビニル単量体、ベンゾイルペルオキシド等のラジカル重合開始剤およびt−ブチルペルオキシメタクリロイロキシエチルカーボネート等の有機過酸化物含有ビニルモノマーからなる溶液を添加して、ラジカル重合開始剤、有機過酸化物含有ビニルモノマーおよびビニル単量体をポリエチレン樹脂に含浸させた後、ポリエチレン樹脂中でビニル単量体と有機過酸化物含有ビニルモノマーとを重合して有機ペルオキシド基含有ビニル系重合体を生成し、得られた樹脂組成物を、または、この樹脂組成物にポリエチレン樹脂を加えたものを溶融混練することによって、ビニル系重合体がグラフトしたポリエチレン樹脂を得る方法が挙げられる。ビニル系重合体で変性されたポリエチレン樹脂中のビニル系重合体の含有割合は、10〜60重量%が好ましい。
【0024】
上記のようなビニル系共重合体がグラフトしたポリエチレン樹脂の市販品としては、日本油脂製の「モディパー(商品名)」が挙げられる。
【0025】
上述したポリエチレン樹脂は、ポリアミド樹脂とのポリマーアロイの形態で配合されるのが好ましい。このポリマーアロイとしては、ポリエチレン樹脂20〜50重量%とポリアミド樹脂80〜50重量%からなる。
【0026】
主成分をなすポリアミド樹脂に、上記ポリエチレン樹脂を配合することにより、前述した炭化水素系ワックスの配合量を増加させることが可能となるとともに成形性を向上させる。また、摺動部材の摩擦係数を低下させ、相手材に対するアタック性を緩和し、かつなじみ性を向上させる。ポリエチレン樹脂の配合量は通常0.5〜30重量%、好ましくは5〜25重量%、さらに好ましくは10〜20重量%である。ポリエチレン樹脂の配合量が0.5重量%未満の場合は、上記した効果が発揮されず、また配合量が30重量%を超える場合は、耐摩耗性を低下させるとともに摺動部材としての強度を低下させる。
【0027】
本発明では低摩擦性のさらなる向上を目的として、上述したポリアミド樹脂、炭化水素系ワックスおよび燐酸塩からなる組成物、あるいはポリアミド樹脂、ポリエチレン樹脂、炭化水素系ワックスおよび燐酸塩からなる組成物に対し、潤滑油、固体潤滑剤、高級脂肪酸などの潤滑油剤を配合することができる。潤滑油としては、エンジン油、マシン油などの鉱油、ヒマシ油などの植物油、エステル油、シリコーン油などの合成油を、また固体潤滑剤としては、黒鉛、窒化ホウ素、四ふっ化エチレン樹脂などを、高級脂肪酸としては、おおむね炭素数が14以上の飽和脂肪酸、例えばミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、アラキン酸、モンタン酸など、そしておおむね炭素数が18以上の不飽和脂肪酸、例えばオクタデカン酸、パリナリン酸などを挙げることができる。これら潤滑油剤の配合量としては、1〜10重量%である。
【0028】
本発明の摺動部材用樹脂組成物は、定法に従い、上述の各成分の所定量をヘンシェルミキサー、スーパーミキサー、ボールミル、タンブラーミキサー等の混合機によって混合することによって得られる。また、上記のポリマーアロイは各成分を所定の割合で溶融混練して得ることができる。
【0029】
つぎに、本発明の摺動部材について説明する。本発明の摺動部材は、前述の摺動部材用樹脂組成物を成形して得られる。摺動部材用樹脂組成物の成形は、直接に射出成形機または押出成形機により成形する方法、摺動部材用樹脂組成物から得られたペレットを射出成形機または押出成形機により成形する方法のいずれであってもよい。
【0030】
本発明の摺動部材は、アルミニウム合金などの軟質金属を摺動相手材とした場合において、とくに摩擦摩耗特性に優れ、事務・情報機器、電装機器、家電機器などのすべり軸受、すべり軸受装置、シール材などの摺動接触する摺動部材として使用される。
【0031】
以下、実施例により本発明を詳細に説明するが、本発明は、その要旨を超えない限り、以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。実施例および比較例で使用したポリアミド樹脂およびポリエチレン樹脂を下記表1に示す。
【0032】
【表1】
<ポリアミド樹脂>
A−1:ナイロン6〔宇部興産社製「宇部ナイロンP1011F(商品名)」〕A−2:ナイロン66〔東レ社製「アミランCM3001N(商品名)」〕
<ポリエチレン樹脂>
B−1:無水マレイン酸をグラフトさせた変性ポリエチレン樹脂〔三井化学社製高分子量ポリエチレン樹脂「リュブマーL5000(商品名)」100重量部、無水マレイン酸1重量部、ベンゾイルペルオキシド0.1重量部を混合し、押出機で溶融混練して得た。〕
B−2:高密度ポリエチレン樹脂〔三井化学社製「ハイゼックス2100JP(商品名)」〕
B−3:低密度ポリエチレン樹脂にポリスチレンをグラフトさせた変性ポリエチレン樹脂(低密度ポリエチレン70重量%/ポリスチレン30重量%)〔日本油脂社製「モディパーA1100(商品名)」〕
【0033】
参考例1〜3
ポリアミド樹脂(A−1)94重量%、炭化水素系ワックスとして(1)パラフィンワックス5重量%、(2)ポリエチレンワックス5重量%、(3)マイクロクリスタリンワックス5重量%、および燐酸塩として燐酸三リチウム1重量%を混合して三種類の混合物を作製した後、これらの混合物を押出機で溶融混練して三種類のペレットを作製した。次いで、これらのペレットを射出成形機のホッパーに投入し、成形して内径10mm、外径14mm、長さ10mmの三種類の円筒状試験片(摺動部材)を作製した。
【0034】
参考例4〜6
ポリアミド樹脂(A−2)90〜94.5重量%、炭化水素系ワックスとしてポリエチレンワックス5重量%、および燐酸塩としてピロ燐酸カルシウム0.5〜5重量%を混合して混合物を作製した後、これらの混合物を押出機で溶融混練してペレットを作製した。次いで、これらのペレットを射出成形機のホッパーに投入し、成形して内径10mm、外径14mm、長さ10mmの円筒状試験片(摺動部材)を作製した。
【0035】
参考例7
ポリアミド樹脂(A−1)84重量%、変性ポリエチレン樹脂(B−1)10重量%、炭化水素系ワックスとしてポリエチレンワックス5重量%および燐酸塩として燐酸三リチウム1重量%を混合して混合物を作製した後、この混合物を押出機で溶融混練してペレットを作製した。次いで、このペレットを射出成形機のホッパーに投入し、成形して内径10mm、外径14mm、長さ10mmの円筒状試験片(摺動部材)を作製した。
【0036】
実施例8
ポリアミド樹脂(A−1)80重量部および変性ポリエチレン樹脂(B−1)20重量部を押出機で溶融混練して、ポリアミド樹脂80重量%、ポリエチレン樹脂20重量%からなるペレットを作製した(以下「ポリマーアロイA」という。)。次いで、ポリアミド樹脂(A−1)69.5重量%、得られたポリマーアロイ25重量%、炭化水素系ワックスとしてポリエチレンワックス5重量%および燐酸塩として燐酸三リチウム0.5重量%を混合して混合物を作製した後、この混合物を押出機で溶融混練し、ポリアミド樹脂89.5重量%、ポリエチレン樹脂5重量%、ポリエチレンワックス5重量%および燐酸三リチウム0.5重量%からなるペレットを作製した。次いで、このペレットを射出成形機のホッパーに投入し、成形して内径10mm、外径14mm、長さ10mmの円筒状試験片(摺動部材)を作製した。
【0037】
実施例9
ポリアミド樹脂(A−1)42重量%、ポリマーアロイA50重量%、炭化水素系ワックスとしてポリエチレンワックス7重量%および燐酸塩として燐酸三リチウム1重量%を混合して混合物を作製した後、この混合物を押出機で溶融混練し、ポリアミド樹脂82重量%、ポリエチレン樹脂10重量%、ポリエチレンワックス7重量%および燐酸三リチウム1重量%からなるペレットを作製した。次いで、このペレットを射出成形機のホッパーに投入し、成形して内径10mm、外径14mm、長さ10mmの円筒状試験片(摺動部材)を作製した。
【0038】
実施例10
ポリアミド樹脂(A−1)50重量部および変性ポリエチレン樹脂(B−1)50重量部を押出機で溶融混練して、ポリアミド樹脂50重量%、ポリエチレン樹脂50重量%からなるペレットを作製した(以下「ポリマーアロイB」という。)。次いで、ポリアミド樹脂(A−1)47重量%、得られたポリマーアロイ40重量%、炭化水素系ワックスとしてポリエチレンワックス10重量%および燐酸塩として燐酸三リチウム3重量%を混合して混合物を作製した後、この混合物を押出機で溶融混練し、ポリアミド樹脂67重量%、ポリエチレン樹脂20重量%、ポリエチレンワックス10重量%および燐酸三リチウム3重量%からなるペレットを作製した。次いで、このペレットを射出成形機のホッパーに投入し、成形して内径10mm、外径14mm、長さ10mmの円筒状試験片(摺動部材)を作製した。
【0039】
実施例11
ポリアミド樹脂(A−1)30重量%、ポリマーアロイB50重量%、炭化水素系ワックスとしてポリエチレンワックス15重量%および燐酸塩として燐酸三リチウム5重量%を混合して混合物を作製した後、この混合物を押出機で溶融混練し、ポリアミド樹脂55重量%、ポリエチレン樹脂25重量%、ポリエチレンワックス15重量%および燐酸三リチウム5重量%からなるペレットを作製した。次いで、このペレットを射出成形機のホッパーに投入し、成形して内径10mm、外径14mm、長さ10mmの円筒状試験片(摺動部材)を作製した。
【0040】
参考例12
ポリアミド樹脂(A−2)89重量%、ポリエチレン樹脂(B−2)5重量%、炭化水素系ワックスとしてパラフィンワックス5重量%および燐酸塩として燐酸三リチウム1重量%を混合して混合物を作製した後、この混合物を押出機で溶融混練してペレットを作製した。次いで、このペレットを射出成形機のホッパーに投入し、成形して内径10mm、外径14mm、長さ10mmの円筒状試験片(摺動部材)を作製した。
【0041】
参考例13
ポリアミド樹脂(A−1)82重量%、変性ポリエチレン樹脂(B−3)10重量%、炭化水素系ワックスとしてパラフィンワックス7重量%および燐酸塩として燐酸三リチウム1重量%を混合して混合物を作製した後、この混合物を押出機で溶融混練してペレットを作製した。次いで、このペレットを射出成形機のホッパーに投入し、成形して内径10mm、外径14mm、長さ10mmの円筒状試験片(摺動部材)を作製した。
【0042】
実施例14
ポリアミド樹脂(A−1)39重量%、ポリマーアロイA50重量%、炭化水素系ワックスとしてポリエチレンワックス5重量%、燐酸塩として燐酸三リチウム1重量%および潤滑油剤としてモンタン酸5重量%を混合して混合物を作製した後、この混合物を押出機で溶融混練し、ポリアミド樹脂79重量%、ポリエチレン樹脂10重量%、ポリエチレンワックス5重量%、燐酸三リチウム1重量%およびモンタン酸5重量%からなるペレットを作製した。次いで、このペレットを射出成形機のホッパーに投入し、成形して内径10mm、外径14mm、長さ10mmの円筒状試験片(摺動部材)を作製した。
【0043】
比較例1
ポリマーアロイAを成形して内径10mm、外径14mm、長さ10mmの円筒状試験片(摺動部材)を作製した。
【0044】
比較例2
ポリアミド樹脂(A−1)95重量%および炭化水素系ワックスとしてポリエチレンワックス5重量%を混合して混合物を作製した後、この混合物を押出機で溶融混練し、ポリアミド樹脂95重量%、ポリエチレンワックス5重量%からなるペレットを作製した。次いで、このペレットを射出成形機のホッパーに投入し、成形して内径10mm、外径14mm、長さ10mmの円筒状試験片(摺動部材)を作製した。
【0045】
上述した実施例1〜14および比較例1〜2で作製した円筒状試験片について、表2に示す試験条件でジャーナル試験を行なった。その試験結果を表3〜8に示す。摩擦係数については、試験開始から安定時に移行した段階での摩擦係数を示し、摩耗量については、試験終了後の円筒状試験片(摺動部材)の寸法変化量で示した。また、試験後の相手材表面の損傷度の評価を、損傷が認められないものを○印にて、損傷が認められるものを×印にて表示した。
【0046】
【表2】
<ジャーナル試験>
すべり速度 20m/min
荷重 5kgf
相手材 アルミニウム合金(A5052)
試験時間 24hr
潤滑 無潤滑
【0047】
【表3】

Figure 0004282265
【0048】
【表4】
Figure 0004282265
【0049】
【表5】
Figure 0004282265
【0050】
【表6】
Figure 0004282265
【0051】
【表7】
Figure 0004282265
【0052】
【表8】
Figure 0004282265
【0053】
以上の結果から、参考例1〜6の炭化水素系ワックスと燐酸塩と残部ポリアミド樹脂からなる樹脂組成物および実施例8〜11、14および参考例7、12、13のポリエチレン樹脂と炭化水素系ワックスと燐酸塩と残部ポリアミド樹脂からなる樹脂組成物を成形してなる摺動部材はいずれも良好な摩擦摩耗特性を示した。また、試験後の相手材表面には何らの損傷も認められなかった。一方、比較例1の樹脂組成物を成形してなる摺動部材は、摩擦係数が高く、摩耗量も多く、摩擦摩耗特性に劣るものであり、相手材表面に引掻き傷のような損傷(摩耗痕)が認められ、本発明の目的を達成するものではなかった。さらに、比較例2の樹脂組成物を成形してなる摺動部材は、相手材との摺動において、相手材表面に損傷等を与えることなく低い摩擦係数を示したが、摩耗量が多く本発明の目的を達成するものではなかった。
【0054】
【発明の効果】
以上説明した本発明によれば、アルミニウム合金などの軟質金属を相手材とした場合において、優れた摩擦摩耗特性を発揮する摺動部材用樹脂組成物および摺動部材が提供される。[0001]
[Technical field to which the invention belongs]
The present invention relates to a resin composition for a sliding member, and in particular, when a soft metal such as an aluminum alloy is used as a sliding counterpart material, the resin composition for a sliding member that exhibits particularly excellent frictional wear characteristics, and The present invention relates to a sliding member.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, thermoplastic synthetic resins such as polyamide resin and polyacetal resin are widely used as mechanical elements such as bearings and gears because they are excellent in mechanical strength and wear resistance. However, these synthetic resins do not provide sufficient friction and wear characteristics with the resin alone, so the resin contains a solid lubricant such as graphite, molybdenum disulfide, and ethylene tetrafluoride resin, and a lubricant such as mineral oil and wax. In addition, it is indispensable to blend other synthetic resins having low friction properties such as polyethylene resin.
[0003]
For example, as a resin composition containing a polyethylene resin, 70 to 98% by weight of a thermoplastic resin selected from polyamide resin, polyacetal resin, polyester resin and polycarbonate resin and 2 to 30% by weight of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene resin powder are melted. A kneaded thermoplastic resin composition is known (Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-65232).
[0004]
On the other hand, not only a synthetic resin sliding member but also a sliding member such as a bearing is an important factor for obtaining excellent friction and wear characteristics of the material of the mating member (for example, shaft) and surface properties. With the development of OA equipment such as copying machines in recent years, it is indispensable to use an aluminum alloy as a sliding partner material in machinery and equipment that are required to be lighter. However, good friction and wear characteristics are required.
[0005]
The sliding member made of the thermoplastic resin composition disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-65232 described above has a problem that a sliding coefficient using an aluminum alloy is a high friction coefficient and a large amount of wear. It is hard to say that the above requirements are satisfied.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its object is to provide a sliding member resin composition and a sliding member that exhibit excellent frictional wear characteristics when a soft metal such as an aluminum alloy is used as a counterpart. Is to provide.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventor has made a sliding composed of a resin composition containing a polyamide resin as a main component and a certain proportion of polyethylene resin, hydrocarbon wax and phosphate. The knowledge that a member can achieve the said objective was acquired.
[0008]
The present invention has been completed based on the above findings, and the first gist is that the polyethylene resin is 0.5 to 30% by weight, the hydrocarbon wax is 1 to 15% by weight, and the phosphate is 0.1 to 5% by weight. % And the remainder polyamide resin, the polyethylene resin is blended in the form of a polymer alloy with the polyamide resin, and the polymer alloy of the polyethylene resin and the polyamide resin is 20 to 50% by weight of the polyethylene resin and 80 to 50% of the polyamide resin. It exists in the resin composition for sliding members which consists of weight%.
[0010]
The second gist of the present invention resides in a sliding member formed by molding the above resin composition for a sliding member.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will be described below. First, the resin composition for sliding members will be described. In the resin composition for a sliding member according to the first aspect of the present invention, a polyamide resin is used as a main component, and a polyethylene resin, a hydrocarbon wax and a phosphate are used as blending components.
[0012]
The polyamide resin constituting the main component is an aliphatic polyamide resin, and specific examples include nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 610, nylon 11, nylon 12, and the like.
[0013]
As the hydrocarbon wax used in the present invention, paraffin wax, polyethylene wax, and microcrystalline wax are used.
[0014]
These hydrocarbon waxes contribute to the low friction of the sliding member and significantly reduce damage to the counterpart material. The blending amount of the hydrocarbon wax is usually 1 to 15% by weight, preferably 3 to 10% by weight, and more preferably 5 to 7% by weight. When the blending amount of the hydrocarbon wax is less than 1% by weight, it does not contribute sufficiently to low friction, and when the blending amount exceeds 15% by weight, the moldability is remarkably lowered and the strength as a sliding member is lowered. Let
[0015]
Examples of the phosphate used in the present invention include metal phosphates such as tertiary metal phosphates, secondary metal phosphates, metal pyrophosphates, metal phosphites, metal metaphosphates, and mixtures thereof. Among these, a tertiary phosphate metal salt, a secondary phosphate metal salt, and a pyrophosphate metal salt are preferable. As the metal, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and transition metal are used. Among them, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal are preferable, and lithium, calcium, magnesium and barium are particularly preferable.
[0016]
Specifically, trilithium phosphate (Li 3 PO 4 ), lithium hydrogen phosphate (Li 2 HPO 4 ), lithium pyrophosphate (Li 4 P 2 O 7 ), tricalcium phosphate [Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ], Calcium pyrophosphate (Ca 2 P 2 O 7 ) and calcium hydrogen phosphate [CaHPO 4 (· 2H 2 O)] are most preferred as the phosphate.
[0017]
Phosphate itself is not a material exhibiting lubricity such as graphite and molybdenum disulfide, but by being blended with the polyamide resin and hydrocarbon wax, which are the main components described above, in sliding with the counterpart material. The effect of promoting the film-forming property of these lubricating coatings on the surface of the counterpart material is exhibited. In addition, there is an effect of suppressing a decrease in moldability due to the blending of the hydrocarbon wax. The former effect of this phosphate is a requirement required for a sliding member used under dry friction lubrication. Phosphate is beginning to show the effect of promoting the film formation of the lubricating coating described above in a small amount, for example, 0.1% by weight, based on the above-mentioned polyamide resin and hydrocarbon wax. The film-forming effect is maintained up to a blending amount of 5% by weight. However, if the blending amount exceeds 5% by weight, the amount of lubricating coating formed on the surface of the counterpart material becomes too large, and on the contrary, the wear resistance is lowered. Therefore, the blending amount of the phosphate is 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 3% by weight.
[0018]
Examples of the polyethylene resin used in the present invention include a low density polyethylene resin, a linear low density polyethylene resin, a medium density polyethylene resin, and a high density polyethylene resin. Further, an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene resin and a high molecular weight polyethylene resin comprising an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene component and a low molecular weight polyethylene component can also be used.
[0019]
Copolymers of ethylene and a small amount of other α-olefins such as propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 4-methyl-1-pentene and the like can also be used. Furthermore, a polyethylene resin in which the ethylene homopolymer or copolymer is modified with an unsaturated carboxylic acid, a derivative thereof, a vinyl polymer, or the like can also be used. The modified polyethylene resin improves the affinity with the polyamide resin.
[0020]
Examples of the unsaturated carboxylic acid include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, crotonic acid, endocis-bicyclo [2,2,1] hept-5-ene- 2,3-dicarboxylic acid (nadic acid) and the like can be mentioned. Examples of unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives include maleyl chloride, maleimide, acrylic acid amide, methacrylic acid amide, glycidyl methacrylate, maleic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, monomethyl maleate, dimethyl maleate, and glycidyl maleate. . These unsaturated carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof are used alone or in combination. In particular, unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or acid anhydrides thereof are preferable, and maleic acid, nadic acid or acid anhydrides thereof are more preferable.
[0021]
Examples of the method of modifying the polyethylene resin with a carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof include a method in which a graft monomer selected from an unsaturated carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof is graft-polymerized onto the polyethylene resin. As a method for graft polymerization, a conventionally known method can be employed. For example, there is a method in which a polyethylene resin is melted and a graft monomer is added to perform graft polymerization, or a method in which the polyethylene resin is dissolved in a solvent and the graft monomer is added to perform graft polymerization. At this time, it is preferable to use a radical initiator in combination. The addition ratio of the graft monomer is preferably 0.01 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyethylene resin.
[0022]
Examples of the vinyl polymer include polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer, and the like.
[0023]
As a method of modifying the polyethylene resin with a vinyl polymer, a suspension of the polyethylene resin in a suspension of a vinyl monomer such as styrene, a radical polymerization initiator such as benzoyl peroxide, and t-butylperoxymethacryloyloxyethyl carbonate After adding a solution comprising an organic peroxide-containing vinyl monomer and impregnating the polyethylene resin with a radical polymerization initiator, an organic peroxide-containing vinyl monomer and a vinyl monomer, Polymerizing an organic peroxide-containing vinyl monomer to produce an organic peroxide group-containing vinyl polymer, and melt-kneading the resulting resin composition or a resin composition obtained by adding a polyethylene resin A method for obtaining a polyethylene resin grafted with a vinyl polymer. That. The content of the vinyl polymer in the polyethylene resin modified with the vinyl polymer is preferably 10 to 60% by weight.
[0024]
As a commercial product of the polyethylene resin grafted with the vinyl copolymer as described above, “Modiper (trade name)” manufactured by NOF Corporation is mentioned.
[0025]
The polyethylene resin described above is preferably blended in the form of a polymer alloy with a polyamide resin. The polymer alloy is composed of 20 to 50% by weight of polyethylene resin and 80 to 50% by weight of polyamide resin.
[0026]
By blending the polyethylene resin with the polyamide resin as the main component, the blending amount of the hydrocarbon wax described above can be increased and the moldability is improved. Moreover, the friction coefficient of a sliding member is reduced, the attack property with respect to a counterpart material is eased, and the conformability is improved. The blending amount of the polyethylene resin is usually 0.5 to 30% by weight, preferably 5 to 25% by weight, and more preferably 10 to 20% by weight. When the blending amount of the polyethylene resin is less than 0.5% by weight, the above effect is not exhibited. When the blending amount exceeds 30% by weight, the wear resistance is lowered and the strength as a sliding member is increased. Reduce.
[0027]
In the present invention, for the purpose of further improving the low friction property, the composition comprising the above-mentioned polyamide resin, hydrocarbon wax and phosphate, or the composition comprising polyamide resin, polyethylene resin, hydrocarbon wax and phosphate is used. , Lubricating oils such as lubricating oils, solid lubricants and higher fatty acids can be blended. Lubricating oils include mineral oils such as engine oils and machine oils, vegetable oils such as castor oils, synthetic oils such as ester oils and silicone oils, and solid lubricants such as graphite, boron nitride, and ethylene tetrafluoride resin. Higher fatty acids generally include saturated fatty acids having 14 or more carbon atoms, such as myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, and montanic acid, and unsaturated fatty acids having generally 18 or more carbon atoms, such as octadecanoic acid and parinaline. An acid etc. can be mentioned. The blending amount of these lubricants is 1 to 10% by weight.
[0028]
The resin composition for a sliding member of the present invention can be obtained by mixing predetermined amounts of the above-described components with a mixer such as a Henschel mixer, a super mixer, a ball mill, or a tumbler mixer according to a conventional method. The polymer alloy can be obtained by melting and kneading each component at a predetermined ratio.
[0029]
Next, the sliding member of the present invention will be described. The sliding member of the present invention is obtained by molding the above-described resin composition for a sliding member. Molding of the resin composition for sliding members is a method of directly molding with an injection molding machine or an extrusion molding machine, and a method of molding pellets obtained from the resin composition for sliding members with an injection molding machine or an extrusion molding machine. Either may be sufficient.
[0030]
The sliding member of the present invention is particularly excellent in friction and wear characteristics when a soft metal such as an aluminum alloy is used as a sliding partner, and is a sliding bearing for office / information equipment, electrical equipment, home appliances, a sliding bearing device, It is used as a sliding member that makes sliding contact such as a sealing material.
[0031]
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention in detail, this invention is not limited to a following example, unless the summary is exceeded. The polyamide resins and polyethylene resins used in the examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 1 below.
[0032]
[Table 1]
<Polyamide resin>
A-1: Nylon 6 [“Ube Nylon P1011F (trade name)” manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd.] A-2: Nylon 66 [“Amilan CM3001N (trade name)” manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.]
<Polyethylene resin>
B-1: Modified polyethylene resin grafted with maleic anhydride [100 parts by weight of high molecular weight polyethylene resin “Lubmer L5000 (trade name)” manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, 1 part by weight of maleic anhydride, 0.1 part by weight of benzoyl peroxide It was obtained by mixing and melt-kneading with an extruder. ]
B-2: High-density polyethylene resin [“Hi-Zex 2100JP (trade name)” manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.]
B-3: Modified polyethylene resin obtained by grafting polystyrene to low density polyethylene resin (70% by weight of low density polyethylene / 30% by weight of polystyrene) [“MODIPA A1100 (trade name)” manufactured by NOF Corporation]
[0033]
Reference Examples 1-3
Polyamide resin (A-1) 94% by weight, hydrocarbon wax (1) paraffin wax 5% by weight, (2) polyethylene wax 5% by weight, (3) microcrystalline wax 5% by weight, and phosphate as triphosphate After mixing 1% by weight of lithium to prepare three types of mixtures, these mixtures were melt-kneaded with an extruder to prepare three types of pellets. Next, these pellets were put into a hopper of an injection molding machine and molded to produce three types of cylindrical test pieces (sliding members) having an inner diameter of 10 mm, an outer diameter of 14 mm, and a length of 10 mm.
[0034]
Reference Example 4-6
After preparing polyamide resin (A-2) 90-94.5 wt%, polyethylene wax 5 wt% as hydrocarbon wax, and calcium pyrophosphate 0.5-5 wt% as phosphate, These mixtures were melt-kneaded with an extruder to produce pellets. Next, these pellets were put into a hopper of an injection molding machine and molded to produce a cylindrical test piece (sliding member) having an inner diameter of 10 mm, an outer diameter of 14 mm, and a length of 10 mm.
[0035]
Reference Example 7
A mixture is prepared by mixing 84% by weight of polyamide resin (A-1), 10% by weight of modified polyethylene resin (B-1), 5% by weight of polyethylene wax as a hydrocarbon wax and 1% by weight of trilithium phosphate as a phosphate. After that, this mixture was melt-kneaded with an extruder to produce pellets. Next, this pellet was put into a hopper of an injection molding machine and molded to produce a cylindrical test piece (sliding member) having an inner diameter of 10 mm, an outer diameter of 14 mm, and a length of 10 mm.
[0036]
Example 8
80 parts by weight of the polyamide resin (A-1) and 20 parts by weight of the modified polyethylene resin (B-1) were melt-kneaded with an extruder to produce pellets composed of 80% by weight polyamide resin and 20% by weight polyethylene resin (hereinafter referred to as the following). "Polymer alloy A"). Next, 69.5% by weight of polyamide resin (A-1), 25% by weight of the obtained polymer alloy, 5% by weight of polyethylene wax as a hydrocarbon wax, and 0.5% by weight of trilithium phosphate as a phosphate were mixed. After preparing the mixture, the mixture was melt-kneaded with an extruder to produce pellets composed of polyamide resin 89.5% by weight, polyethylene resin 5% by weight, polyethylene wax 5% by weight and trilithium phosphate 0.5% by weight. . Next, this pellet was put into a hopper of an injection molding machine and molded to produce a cylindrical test piece (sliding member) having an inner diameter of 10 mm, an outer diameter of 14 mm, and a length of 10 mm.
[0037]
Example 9
A mixture was prepared by mixing 42% by weight of polyamide resin (A-1), 50% by weight of polymer alloy A, 7% by weight of polyethylene wax as a hydrocarbon wax and 1% by weight of trilithium phosphate as a phosphate, The mixture was melt-kneaded with an extruder to produce pellets consisting of 82% by weight polyamide resin, 10% by weight polyethylene resin, 7% by weight polyethylene wax and 1% by weight trilithium phosphate. Next, this pellet was put into a hopper of an injection molding machine and molded to produce a cylindrical test piece (sliding member) having an inner diameter of 10 mm, an outer diameter of 14 mm, and a length of 10 mm.
[0038]
Example 10
50 parts by weight of polyamide resin (A-1) and 50 parts by weight of modified polyethylene resin (B-1) were melt-kneaded with an extruder to produce pellets comprising 50% by weight of polyamide resin and 50% by weight of polyethylene resin (hereinafter referred to as “the pellet”). "Polymer alloy B"). Subsequently, 47% by weight of the polyamide resin (A-1), 40% by weight of the obtained polymer alloy, 10% by weight of polyethylene wax as a hydrocarbon wax, and 3% by weight of trilithium phosphate as a phosphate were mixed to prepare a mixture. Thereafter, this mixture was melt-kneaded with an extruder to produce pellets composed of 67 wt% polyamide resin, 20 wt% polyethylene resin, 10 wt% polyethylene wax and 3 wt% trilithium phosphate. Next, this pellet was put into a hopper of an injection molding machine and molded to produce a cylindrical test piece (sliding member) having an inner diameter of 10 mm, an outer diameter of 14 mm, and a length of 10 mm.
[0039]
Example 11
A mixture was prepared by mixing 30% by weight of polyamide resin (A-1), 50% by weight of polymer alloy B, 15% by weight of polyethylene wax as a hydrocarbon wax, and 5% by weight of trilithium phosphate as a phosphate. The mixture was melt-kneaded with an extruder to produce pellets consisting of 55% by weight polyamide resin, 25% by weight polyethylene resin, 15% by weight polyethylene wax and 5% by weight trilithium phosphate. Next, this pellet was put into a hopper of an injection molding machine and molded to produce a cylindrical test piece (sliding member) having an inner diameter of 10 mm, an outer diameter of 14 mm, and a length of 10 mm.
[0040]
Reference Example 12
A mixture was prepared by mixing 89% by weight of polyamide resin (A-2), 5% by weight of polyethylene resin (B-2), 5% by weight of paraffin wax as a hydrocarbon wax and 1% by weight of trilithium phosphate as a phosphate. Thereafter, the mixture was melt-kneaded with an extruder to produce pellets. Next, this pellet was put into a hopper of an injection molding machine and molded to produce a cylindrical test piece (sliding member) having an inner diameter of 10 mm, an outer diameter of 14 mm, and a length of 10 mm.
[0041]
Reference Example 13
A mixture is prepared by mixing 82% by weight of polyamide resin (A-1), 10% by weight of modified polyethylene resin (B-3), 7% by weight of paraffin wax as hydrocarbon wax and 1% by weight of trilithium phosphate as phosphate. After that, this mixture was melt-kneaded with an extruder to produce pellets. Next, this pellet was put into a hopper of an injection molding machine and molded to produce a cylindrical test piece (sliding member) having an inner diameter of 10 mm, an outer diameter of 14 mm, and a length of 10 mm.
[0042]
Example 14
Polyamide resin (A-1) 39% by weight, polymer alloy A 50% by weight, polyethylene wax 5% by weight as hydrocarbon wax, trilithium phosphate 1% by weight as phosphate and montanic acid 5% by weight as lubricant After preparing the mixture, the mixture was melt-kneaded with an extruder, and pellets comprising 79% by weight polyamide resin, 10% by weight polyethylene resin, 5% by weight polyethylene wax, 1% by weight trilithium phosphate and 5% by weight montanic acid were obtained. Produced. Next, this pellet was put into a hopper of an injection molding machine and molded to produce a cylindrical test piece (sliding member) having an inner diameter of 10 mm, an outer diameter of 14 mm, and a length of 10 mm.
[0043]
Comparative Example 1
Polymer alloy A was molded to produce a cylindrical test piece (sliding member) having an inner diameter of 10 mm, an outer diameter of 14 mm, and a length of 10 mm.
[0044]
Comparative Example 2
A mixture was prepared by mixing 95% by weight of polyamide resin (A-1) and 5% by weight of polyethylene wax as a hydrocarbon wax, and then melt-kneading the mixture with an extruder to obtain 95% by weight of polyamide resin and 5% of polyethylene wax. A pellet consisting of% by weight was prepared. Next, this pellet was put into a hopper of an injection molding machine and molded to produce a cylindrical test piece (sliding member) having an inner diameter of 10 mm, an outer diameter of 14 mm, and a length of 10 mm.
[0045]
For the cylindrical test pieces prepared in Examples 1 to 14 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 described above, a journal test was performed under the test conditions shown in Table 2. The test results are shown in Tables 3-8. As for the friction coefficient, the friction coefficient at the stage of transition from the start of the test to the stable state is shown, and the wear amount is shown as the dimensional change amount of the cylindrical test piece (sliding member) after the test. In addition, the degree of damage on the surface of the mating material after the test was indicated by a mark “◯” when no damage was observed and by a mark “X” when damage was observed.
[0046]
[Table 2]
<Journal examination>
Sliding speed 20m / min
Load 5kgf
Mating material Aluminum alloy (A5052)
Test time 24hr
Lubrication No lubrication [0047]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004282265
[0048]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004282265
[0049]
[Table 5]
Figure 0004282265
[0050]
[Table 6]
Figure 0004282265
[0051]
[Table 7]
Figure 0004282265
[0052]
[Table 8]
Figure 0004282265
[0053]
From the above results, the resin compositions comprising the hydrocarbon waxes of Reference Examples 1-6 , phosphates and the remainder polyamide resin, and the polyethylene resins and hydrocarbons of Examples 8-11 , 14 and Reference Examples 7 , 12 , 13 All the sliding members formed by molding a resin composition comprising wax, phosphate, and the remaining polyamide resin showed good friction and wear characteristics. Further, no damage was observed on the surface of the counterpart material after the test. On the other hand, the sliding member formed by molding the resin composition of Comparative Example 1 has a high coefficient of friction, a large amount of wear, and inferior frictional wear characteristics. A mark) was observed, and the object of the present invention was not achieved. Furthermore, the sliding member formed by molding the resin composition of Comparative Example 2 showed a low coefficient of friction without damaging the surface of the counterpart material when sliding with the counterpart material, but the amount of wear was large. The object of the invention was not achieved.
[0054]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention described above, there are provided a resin composition for a sliding member and a sliding member that exhibit excellent frictional wear characteristics when a soft metal such as an aluminum alloy is used as a counterpart material.

Claims (4)

無水マレイン酸をグラフトさせた変性ポリエチレン樹脂0.5〜30重量%と炭化水素系ワックス1〜15重量%と燐酸塩0.1〜5重量%と残部ポリアミド樹脂からなり、前記無水マレイン酸をグラフトさせた変性ポリエチレン樹脂はポリアミド樹脂とのポリマーアロイの形態で配合されてなり、無水マレイン酸をグラフトさせた変性ポリエチレン樹脂とポリアミド樹脂とのポリマーアロイは、無水マレイン酸をグラフトさせた変性ポリエチレン樹脂20〜50重量%とポリアミド樹脂80〜50重量%とからなることを特徴とする摺動部材用樹脂組成物。 Maleic anhydride and 0.5 to 30 wt% modified polyethylene resin obtained by graft made from a hydrocarbon-based wax 1-15 wt% and phosphate 0.1 to 5 wt% and the balance polyamide resins, graft the maleic anhydride The modified polyethylene resin is blended in the form of a polymer alloy with a polyamide resin. The polymer alloy of the modified polyethylene resin grafted with maleic anhydride and the polyamide resin is a modified polyethylene resin 20 grafted with maleic anhydride. A resin composition for a sliding member, comprising: 50 wt% and polyamide resin 80-50 wt%. 炭化水素系ワックスは、パラフィンワックス、ポリエチレンワックス、マイクロクリスタリンワックスから選択される請求項1に記載の摺動部材用樹脂組成物。The resin composition for a sliding member according to claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon wax is selected from paraffin wax, polyethylene wax, and microcrystalline wax. 燐酸塩は、燐酸三リチウム、燐酸水素リチウム、ピロ燐酸リチウム、燐酸三カルシウム、ピロ燐酸カルシウム、燐酸水素カルシウムおよびハイドロキシアパタイトから選択される請求項1または請求項2に記載の摺動部材用樹脂組成物。The resin composition for a sliding member according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the phosphate is selected from trilithium phosphate, lithium hydrogen phosphate, lithium pyrophosphate, tricalcium phosphate, calcium pyrophosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, and hydroxyapatite. object. 請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の摺動部材用樹脂組成物を成形してなることを特徴とする摺動部材。A sliding member obtained by molding the resin composition for a sliding member according to claim 1.
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