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JP4286580B2 - Wastewater treatment method incorporating electrochemical treatment - Google Patents
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JP4286580B2 - Wastewater treatment method incorporating electrochemical treatment - Google Patents

Wastewater treatment method incorporating electrochemical treatment Download PDF

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JP4286580B2
JP4286580B2 JP2003135735A JP2003135735A JP4286580B2 JP 4286580 B2 JP4286580 B2 JP 4286580B2 JP 2003135735 A JP2003135735 A JP 2003135735A JP 2003135735 A JP2003135735 A JP 2003135735A JP 4286580 B2 JP4286580 B2 JP 4286580B2
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tank
sewage
anaerobic
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biological treatment
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JP2004337696A (en
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信義 片貝
宏 山下
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株式会社日立ハウステック
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/20Sludge processing

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  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、屎尿、その他の生活排水、又はこれらを合わせた合併排水(以下、単に汚水ともいう)を、嫌気的生物処理及び好気的生物処理を含む生物化学的処理と電気化学的処理とを組み合わせて処理する汚水の処理方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
家庭等から排出される汚水は、多くの場合、汚水浄化槽によって処理されている。図4は、嫌気的生物処理法と好気的生物処理法とを組み合わせた生物処理を主体とする従来例の汚水浄化槽の一つで、上流側から、嫌気濾床槽第一室51、嫌気濾床槽第二室52、生物濾過槽53、処理水槽54及び消毒槽55が配置されている。槽内の嫌気濾床槽第一室51には短時間における汚水の多量流入を緩和するため、水量変動吸収部56を設け、また、嫌気濾床槽第一室51を下降流で通過した後の移流口57に流入する液を後段の嫌気濾床槽第二室52へ定量供給させる移送用エアリフトポンプ58を設けている。処理水槽54には、生物濾過槽53での処理済み水、及び底部に沈殿する汚泥を嫌気濾床槽第一室51に戻す循環用エアリフト管59を設けている。(例えば、特許文献1参照)
【0003】
この汚水浄化槽では、嫌気濾床槽第一室51において、流入する汚水中の固形物が槽低部へ沈殿し、あるいはスカム化によって槽上部へ浮上して、汚水中の固形物の分離が起こる。また、その濾床では有機物の嫌気的生物分解が進む。この際、窒素成分はアンモニア態窒素に転換される。嫌気濾床槽第二室52では、嫌気濾床槽第一室51と同様の固形物の分離や有機物の嫌気的生物分解が更に進行する。生物濾過槽53では、残留する有機物の好気的生物分解が更に進み、また、アンモニア態窒素の硝化(硝酸態窒素化)が進む。処理水槽54では、循環用エアリフト管59を稼動させ、生物濾過槽53の処理済み水を嫌気濾床槽第一室51へ戻すが、これによって、嫌気濾床槽第一室51では、前記処理済み水に含まれる硝酸態窒素の生物的窒素除去(窒素ガス化)が進む。これらの処理によって、BOD(生物化学的酸素要求量)やT−N(総窒素)が除去されて浄化槽から放流される。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特開平6−285484号公報
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
微生物を利用する従来の汚水浄化槽では、特に好気処理槽において、次のような問題、すなわち、汚水(液)温度の低い冬期では硝化細菌の活性低下で硝化能が低下し、これによって、N−BOD(硝化細菌がアンモニア態窒素を酸化するときに消費する酸素量)が高まって、総合的にBODは高くなり処理水質が低下する問題がある。これらに対応しようとすると、好気処理槽の容量を大きくしなければならない。
また、汚水浄化槽の運転開始初期(性能立上げ時)は、硝化菌の絶対量及び増殖速度が低いため、硝化能は実質的には発揮されず、立上げ期間が長期となる。この性能立上げ期間の長期化は、同様に高いN−BOD状態が持続することとなる。
【0006】
本発明は、嫌気的生物処理槽及び好気的生物処理槽を有する汚水浄化槽で処理する場合に上記問題点を軽減又は解消し、従来よりも性能立上げ期間を短くするとともに、安定してBOD及び窒素を除去する汚水の処理方法を提供することを課題とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を達成するため、本発明者らは、鋭意検討を行った結果、汚水中の有機物を嫌気的生物処理により処理・分解したあとに、電気化学的処理によってアンモニア態窒素を除去・低減させ、汚水中のN(窒素分)濃度を減らし、C(炭素分)/N(窒素分)比を高めてから、好気的生物処理にかけると、硝化菌の増殖速度の低下やその硝化能発揮の遅延、高N−BOD状態の持続等の問題が解消されることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
すなわち、本発明は、汚水中の有機物を嫌気的生物処理により処理・分解したあと、残存する有機物を好気的生物処理により処理・分解する場合に、嫌気的生物処理の後に、電気化学的処理によって汚水中のアンモニア態窒素を除去・低減させ、C(炭素分)/N(窒素分)比を高めた後で好気的生物処理することを特徴とする汚水の処理方法である。
【0008】
この場合、汚水中のC(炭素分)/N(窒素分)比は、電気化学的処理によって(その処理前後の比較で)2.5倍以上に高めておくことが好ましく、更には5倍以上に高めておくことが一層好ましい。
【0009】
また、電気化学的処理の方法としては、好ましくは、陽極及び陰極を有する電極を用いた電気分解法である。
【0010】
なお、C(炭素分)/N(窒素分)比のうち、C(炭素分)の量は、本明細書中では、BOD(生物学的酸素要求量)の量として定義する。また、N(窒素分)の量は、総窒素の量として定義する。例えば、BODが200mg/Lで、総窒素が50mg/Lの汚水のC/N比は4である。
【0011】
【作用】
汚水を嫌気的生物処理すると、汚水の有機物中の窒素分はアンモニア態窒素に低分子化(分解)する。次いで、この液をカソード(陰極)及びアノード(陽極)を有する電極を用いて電気分解すると、汚水中に含まれる塩素イオンが陽極で酸化されて次亜塩素酸となり((1)(2)式)、この次亜塩素酸とアンモニア態窒素とが直接反応し、窒素が除去される((3)式)。
【0012】
2Cl→Cl+2e …(1)
Cl+HO→HClO+HCl …(2)
2NH +4HClO→N↑+4HCl+4HO …(3)
【0013】
例えば、電気分解処理前のN(窒素分)が50mg/L、すなわち、C/N比が4の(平均的な)汚水を、電気分解によって窒素の量を10mg/Lにまで低減させると、C/N比は20に高まる。
ここで、上記汚水が、電気分解処理前の嫌気的生物処理でBODが40%が除去されるとした場合には、電気分解処理前のBODは120mg/L、Nの量は(変わらずの)50mg/Lであり、この段階でC/N比は2.4である。この液が次の電気分解処理により、Nの量を10mg/Lにまで低減させると(ただし、BODは変わらずの120mg/L)、C/N比は12へ高まる。こうして、C/N比が高まった汚水が次の好気的生物処理にて処理される。
【0014】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面を参照して、本発明を更に具体的に説明する。
図1は、本発明における汚水の処理方法を示すブロックシートである。先ず、汚水原水を嫌気的生物処理工程30で処理し、固液分離と共に生物分解させる。次に電気化学的処理工程31に移し、電気分解させ、アンモニア態窒素を除去する。この処理済み液を好気的生物処理工程32に移し、残存する有機物を分解し除去する。以上の処理済み液を消毒槽33に移し、大腸菌や細菌等を殺し、放流する。なお、好気的生物処理工程32の処理済み液の一部は嫌気的生物処理工程30に返送してもよい。
【0015】
嫌気的生物処理工程30では、汚水中に沈降しやすい固形物があるため、これを沈殿分離させ、合わせて濃縮貯留させる。このとき、貯留される汚泥の一部は嫌気的生物反応によってスカムとしても貯留される。嫌気的生物反応において、沈殿汚泥や分離液側に存在する有機物である蛋白質は、加水分解されアミノ酸になり、脂質はグリセリン等のアルコールになり、炭水化物は単糖類になり、これらは有機酸を経てメタン、二酸化炭素、アンモニア等に分解される。BODはこれらの分解によって低下するが、アンモニアはアンモニウムイオン(アンモニア態窒素)としてほとんど残存するため、この段階でのC/N比は小さくなる。なお、嫌気的生物処理工程30では、上記した種々の機能をさらに促進させるために、微生物付着材を用いることもできる。
【0016】
電気化学的処理工程31としては、通常、電気分解法を用いる。この工程では陽極において汚水中に含まれる塩素イオンが酸化されて次亜塩素酸を生成し、この次亜塩素酸とアンモニア態窒素とが直接反応し、窒素分がガス化する。これによって汚水から窒素分が減り、窒素濃度の少ない(C/N比の高い)汚水に変えることができる。電気分解では、前述の(3)式に示す反応だけではなく、僅かながらアンモニア態窒素が酸化され硝酸態窒素を生じる場合もあるが、後段の好気的生物処理工程32に対してはアンモニア態窒素負荷が少なくなるので有機物の分解で有利となる。また、次亜塩素酸が残留することもあるが、有機物濃度が高いのでこの有機物の酸化に消費されるため、後段の好気的生物処理工程32の微生物に対しての影響がなく、むしろ、有機物が酸化されるので有利な作用になる。さらに電気分解は、水温の影響が少ないので冬期の低水温でも上記機能が発揮される。
【0017】
電気分解の陽極の電極材には、白金、イリジウム、ルテニウム、パラジウム、ロジウム等貴金属又は貴金属の酸化物の1種以上で被覆されたチタン、二酸化鉛、フェライト、カーボン等を用いることができるが、好ましくはこれらのうち非溶出性電極である。また、陰極の電極材には、亜鉛、銅、銀、真鍮、金、ステンレス鋼、鉄、アルミニム、ジルコニウム、ニッケル合金、白金で被覆したチタン、パラジウム被覆した銅等を用いることができる。
【0018】
好気的生物処理工程32では、C/N比が高まった汚水中の有機物は、ブロワから送る空気と増殖した好気性微生物とによって容易に酸化分解される。また、残留するアンモニア態窒素の濃度は低いので硝化も進む。これによって、冬期の低水温でもN−BODの悪影響を抑えることができる。なお、好気的生物処理では窒素分の少ない(すなわち、C/N比の高い)汚水のほうが分解処理しやすい。また、好気的生物処理工程32では上記の機能をさらに促進させるために、微生物付着材を用いることもできる。
上記の処理工程を経ることにより、汚水はBOD濃度及び窒素濃度の低い処理水へと年間を通じて処理浄化される。
【0019】
図2は、本発明の処理方法を用いた汚水浄化槽の一例である。汚水浄化槽1は、上流側から、嫌気的生物処理工程としての第一の嫌気処理槽2及び第二の嫌気処理槽3を備えており、第二の嫌気処理槽3の一部に移流管4を設け、この移流管4の上部には電気化学的処理工程としての電気分解槽5を設け、その後流に、好気的生物処理工程としての好気的生物処理槽6、及びその好気的生物処理槽6の下部で連通する処理水槽7を備えており、この処理水槽7の上部に消毒槽8を備えている。
【0020】
更に詳しく説明すると、第一の嫌気処理槽2には汚水流入管9が設けられ、また汚水流入管9の下方には上部及び下部が開口する箱状の流入バッフル10が設けられ、更には汚水流入管2と反対側の仕切り壁には移流管11が設けられている。第一の嫌気処理槽2では、流入する汚水中の沈降しやすい固形物を沈殿分離させ、これを槽底部で濃縮貯留させる。このとき、槽底部に貯留する汚泥の一部は嫌気的生物反応によってスカムとなり、浮上して槽上部にて貯留する。また、濾床22では、嫌気的生物反応を進行させる。第二の嫌気処理槽3では、第一の嫌気処理槽2と同様な処理機能を持たせ、スカム化による槽上部での汚泥貯留、濾床23での有機物分解、及び沈殿による底部での汚泥を貯留する。以上の嫌気的生物処理槽(第一の嫌気処理槽2、第二の嫌気処理槽3)で、有機物の分解に伴ってそれらに含まれる窒素分の多くはアンモニア態窒素に転換される。なお、濾床22、23を設けなくすることもできる。
【0021】
第一の嫌気処理槽2及び第二の嫌気処理槽3のそれぞれの上部には、流入する汚水の変動を緩和させ次槽へ移流させるために、液水準が最高水位(H.W.L)及び最低水位(L.W.L)の間で変動可能な流量調整部12を設けている。また、第二の嫌気処理槽3内に配置した移流管4のL.W.Lには、電気分解槽5へ液を一定流速で移送させる移送ポンプ13の吸込口14を設けている。この場合、第一の嫌気処理槽2と第二の嫌気処理槽3との水位は、汚水の流入量が移送ポンプ13の送液量よりも多いか少ないかによってL.W.LとH.W.Lとの間を変動する。そうすることによって、汚水の流入量は平均化され、上記嫌気的生物処理槽(第一の嫌気処理槽2、第二の嫌気処理槽3)では、各槽のそれぞれの機能は良好に発揮される。なお、移送ポンプ13は、図2では、ブロワ15から送気される空気を用いるエアリフトポンプであるが、密閉容器に空気を圧送させる間欠定量ポンプや電動による水中ポンプ等を用いることもできる。
【0022】
電気分解槽5は、移送ポンプ13から送られる液を電気分解して、存在するアンモニア態窒素を窒素ガス化して脱窒素するもので、陽極と陰極とで構成する電極が備えられ、これに通電箱16から直流電流を供給する。嫌気処理された液を電気分解すると、液に含まれる塩素イオンは陰極で酸化され次亜塩素酸を生成し、この次亜塩素酸とアンモニア態窒素とが反応して窒素ガスになる。電気分解では、前記した(3)式に示す反応だけではなく、僅かながらアンモニア態窒素が酸化され硝酸態窒素を生じる場合もあるが、これは後段の好気的生物処理槽6に対してアンモニア態窒素負荷が少なくC/N比の高い汚水となるので、有機物の分解で有利となる。また、次亜塩素酸が残留することもあるが、有機物濃度が高いのでこの有機物の酸化に消費され、後段の好気的生物処理槽6における微生物への悪影響は低下し、むしろ有利に作用する。
【0023】
好気的生物処理槽6では、曝気するための散気管17を底部に配置し、ブロワ15からの空気を噴出させる。また、好気的生物処理槽6には微生物付着材(担体、微生物担体、接触材、接触濾材ともいう)を充填した床を形成させる。ここで、微生物付着材を充填した床は、微生物付着材が噴出する空気によって液と共に流動する流動床であっても、液のみが動く固定床であっても、あるいは流動床と固定床の両方を組み込んだものであってもよい。なお、流動床と固定床との両方を組み込む場合は、流動床を上側に、固定床を下側に上下方向に配置させたり、流動床を前段に、固定床を後段に横方向に並置させたりすることができる。好気的生物処理槽6では、曝気を行い、(微生物が付着している)微生物付着材と液とが十分に混ざるようにし、あるいは、微生物付着材と液とが積極的に接触するようにし、これによって有機物を酸化・分解し、アンモニア態窒素が残留する場合には硝化も進む。
【0024】
用いる微生物付着材の形状は、板状、網板状、ヘチマ状、多孔質状、筒状、棒状、骨格球状、紐状、更には粒状、不定形な塊状、立方体状、繊維塊状等の種々の形状に加工したものを用いることができる。流動床にはこれら微生物付着材のうち、比較的小さく流動しやすい形状のものが好ましく用いられ、また、固定床には比較的大きく固定しやすい形状のものが好ましく用いられる。微生物付着材の材質としては、塩化ビニリデン、ポリビニルフォルマール、ポリウレタン、メラミン樹脂等の合成樹脂製加工物、セラミックス、珪砂等の無機製加工物、アンスラサイト等の化石加工物、活性炭等で、比重が約1又は1以上のもの、また、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン系樹脂、ポリスチレン等で、比重が約1又は1以下のもののいずれも用いることができる。
【0025】
好気的生物処理槽6と次槽の処理水槽7との境界部の下部(底部)は互いに連通させ、好気的生物処理槽6から処理水槽7へ移流する液を、処理水槽7の上部一画に設けている消毒槽8へ越流させる。処理水槽7には、液中のSSを沈殿分離させる機能もある。
【0026】
また、処理水槽7には、好気的生物処理槽6で処理した液の一部を第一の嫌気処理槽2へ戻す返送ポンプ18を設けることが好ましい。好気的生物処理済み液を返送させることで、処理水槽7の底部に沈殿する汚泥を引抜くことができることや、硝酸態窒素がある場合には第一の嫌気処理槽2で生物的作用によって脱窒素できるからである。返送ポンプ18からの液の返送は、連続であっても間欠であってもよい。なお、返送ポンプ18は、図2ではブロワ15から送気するエアリフトポンプを示したが、密閉容器に空気を圧送させる間欠定量ポンプや電動ポンプ等を用いることもできる。
【0027】
消毒槽8では、処理水槽6からの移流液を薬筒19と接触させて消毒又は殺菌する。また、汚水浄化槽の各槽(各室)の上部には点検や清掃等の維持管理が容易に行えるようにマンホールを設けていて、通常、そこにマンホールカバー21を取り付けている。
【0028】
(実験例)
アンモニア態窒素を含む人工排水を用いて電気分解し、脱窒素試験を行った。人工排水および電気分解の条件は次のとおりである。
人工排水は、炭酸水素ナトリウム0.25ミリモル、塩化カルシウム0.25ミリモル、硫酸マグネシウム0.25ミリモル、炭酸水素カリウム0.025ミリモル、塩化アンモニウム2.86ミリモルを蒸留水に溶かして1リットルとし、この水溶液0.5リットルを試験に用いた。
電極材は、アノードには白金・イリジウムをチタン板に被覆したもの、陰極には真鍮を用いた。電流は定電流にして、電流密度0.015A/cmに設定した。
電気分解60分まで行った試験結果を図3に示す。アンモニア態窒素35mg/Lが60分後では、3mg/Lに低下し、32mg/Lが除去できた。なお、硝酸態窒素は2mg/L生成したが、総窒素としては5mg/Lまでに低下した。
【0029】
【発明の効果】
本発明における汚水の処理方法では、嫌気的生物処理済み液を予め電気化学的処理してアンモニア態窒素を除き、生物分解しやすいC/N比に高めてから好気的生物処理に移すので、好気的生物処理では、たとえアンモニア態窒素が残存しても低濃度であり、硝化が十分になされる。そのため、N−BODの悪影響を抑えることができ、低濃度BODで低濃度窒素の処理水(処理済み液)を得ることができる。
本発明の処理方法を用いた汚水浄化槽では、その処理性能の立上げ期間を短くすることができ、また、年間を通して高度にBODおよび窒素が除去され安定した処理水を得ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明における汚水の処理方法を示すブロックシート。
【図2】本発明の処理方法を用いた汚水浄化槽の一例で、(a)は概略平面図、(b)は(a)のA―A面における概略断面図。
【図3】電気分解槽を用いた実験例のグラフ。
【図4】従来例の汚水浄化槽の概略断面図。
【符号の説明】
1:汚水浄化槽 2:第一の嫌気処理槽
3:第二の嫌気処理槽 4:移流管
5:電気分解槽 6:好気的生物処理槽
7:処理水槽 8:消毒槽 9:汚水流入口
10:バッフル 11:移流管 12:流量調整部
13:移送ポンプ 14:吸込口 15:ブロワ
16:通電箱 17:散気管 18:返送ポンプ
19:薬筒 20:放流口 21:マンホールカバー
22:濾床 23:濾床
51:嫌気濾床槽第一室 52:嫌気濾床槽第二室
53:生物濾過槽 54:処理水槽 55:消毒槽
56:水量変動吸収部 57:ポンプ槽
58:移送用エアリフトポンプ
59:循環用エアリフト管
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to biochemical treatment and electrochemical treatment including anaerobic biological treatment and aerobic biological treatment of manure, other domestic wastewater, or combined wastewater combined with these (hereinafter also simply referred to as sewage). It is related with the processing method of the sewage which processes in combination.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In many cases, sewage discharged from households is treated by a sewage septic tank. FIG. 4 is one of the conventional sewage septic tanks mainly composed of biological treatments combining anaerobic biological treatment methods and aerobic biological treatment methods. From the upstream side, anaerobic filter bed tank first chamber 51, anaerobic are shown. A filter bed tank second chamber 52, a biological filter tank 53, a treated water tank 54, and a disinfection tank 55 are arranged. In order to relieve a large amount of sewage inflow in the anaerobic filter bed tank first chamber 51 in the tank, a water amount fluctuation absorption part 56 is provided, and after passing through the anaerobic filter bed tank first chamber 51 in a downward flow A transfer air lift pump 58 is provided for supplying a constant amount of liquid flowing into the convection port 57 to the second anaerobic filter bed second chamber 52. The treated water tank 54 is provided with a circulating air lift pipe 59 for returning the treated water in the biological filtration tank 53 and the sludge precipitated at the bottom to the anaerobic filter bed tank first chamber 51. (For example, see Patent Document 1)
[0003]
In this sewage septic tank, in the anaerobic filter bed first chamber 51, the solid matter in the inflowing sewage settles to the lower part of the tank or floats to the upper part of the tank by scumming, and separation of the solid matter in the sewage occurs. . In addition, anaerobic biodegradation of organic matter proceeds in the filter bed. At this time, the nitrogen component is converted into ammonia nitrogen. In the anaerobic filter bed tank second chamber 52, the separation of the solid matter and the anaerobic biodegradation of the organic matter further proceed as in the anaerobic filter bed tank first chamber 51. In the biological filtration tank 53, aerobic biodegradation of the remaining organic matter further proceeds, and nitrification (nitrate nitrogenation) of ammonia nitrogen proceeds. In the treated water tank 54, the circulating air lift pipe 59 is operated, and the treated water in the biological filtration tank 53 is returned to the first anaerobic filter bed tank 51. Biological nitrogen removal (nitrogen gasification) of nitrate nitrogen contained in spent water proceeds. By these treatments, BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) and TN (total nitrogen) are removed and discharged from the septic tank.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-6-285484 [0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the conventional sewage septic tank using microorganisms, particularly in the aerobic treatment tank, the nitrification ability is reduced due to the decrease in the activity of nitrifying bacteria in the winter when the sewage (liquid) temperature is low. -There is a problem that BOD (the amount of oxygen consumed when nitrifying bacteria oxidize ammonia nitrogen) is increased, resulting in an overall increase in BOD and a decrease in the quality of treated water. In order to cope with these, the capacity of the aerobic treatment tank must be increased.
Moreover, since the absolute amount and growth rate of nitrifying bacteria are low at the beginning of operation of the sewage septic tank (at the time of performance startup), the nitrification ability is not substantially exhibited, and the startup period is long. If the performance start-up period is lengthened, a high N-BOD state is similarly maintained.
[0006]
The present invention reduces or eliminates the above problems when processing in a sewage septic tank having an anaerobic biological treatment tank and an aerobic biological treatment tank, shortens the performance start-up period than before, and stabilizes the BOD. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating sewage to remove nitrogen.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have conducted intensive investigations. As a result, after treating and decomposing organic matter in sewage by anaerobic biological treatment, it is possible to remove and reduce ammonia nitrogen by electrochemical treatment. When reducing the N (nitrogen) concentration in the sewage and increasing the C (carbon) / N (nitrogen) ratio, and then subjecting it to aerobic biological treatment, the growth rate of nitrifying bacteria decreases and its nitrification ability The inventors have found that problems such as delay in display and sustaining a high N-BOD state can be solved, and the present invention has been completed.
That is, in the present invention, after treating and decomposing the organic matter in the sewage by anaerobic biological treatment, and then treating and decomposing the remaining organic matter by an aerobic biological treatment, the electrochemical treatment is performed after the anaerobic biological treatment. This is a method for treating sewage, characterized in that ammonia nitrogen in the sewage is removed and reduced to increase the C (carbon content) / N (nitrogen content) ratio, followed by aerobic biological treatment.
[0008]
In this case, the C (carbon content) / N (nitrogen content) ratio in the sewage is preferably increased to 2.5 times or more by electrochemical treatment (compared before and after the treatment), and further 5 times. It is still more preferable to raise it above.
[0009]
Further, the electrochemical treatment method is preferably an electrolysis method using an electrode having an anode and a cathode.
[0010]
In the present specification, the amount of C (carbon content) in the C (carbon content) / N (nitrogen content) ratio is defined as the amount of BOD (biological oxygen demand). The amount of N (nitrogen content) is defined as the amount of total nitrogen. For example, the C / N ratio of sewage with BOD of 200 mg / L and total nitrogen of 50 mg / L is 4.
[0011]
[Action]
When anaerobic biological treatment of sewage, the nitrogen content in the organic matter of the sewage is reduced (decomposed) to ammonia nitrogen. Next, when this liquid is electrolyzed using an electrode having a cathode (cathode) and an anode (anode), chlorine ions contained in the sewage are oxidized at the anode to form hypochlorous acid (formula (1) (2) ), Hypochlorous acid and ammonia nitrogen react directly to remove nitrogen (formula (3)).
[0012]
2Cl → Cl 2 + 2e (1)
Cl 2 + H 2 O → HClO + HCl (2)
2NH 4 + + 4HClO → N 2 ↑ + 4HCl + 4H 2 O (3)
[0013]
For example, when N (nitrogen content) before electrolysis treatment is 50 mg / L, that is, when (average) sewage having a C / N ratio of 4 is reduced to 10 mg / L by electrolysis, The C / N ratio increases to 20.
Here, when 40% of the BOD is removed by the anaerobic biological treatment before the electrolysis treatment, the BOD before the electrolysis treatment is 120 mg / L, and the amount of N is not changed. ) 50 mg / L, and the C / N ratio at this stage is 2.4. When the amount of N is reduced to 10 mg / L by the subsequent electrolysis treatment (however, the BOD remains unchanged at 120 mg / L), the C / N ratio increases to 12. Thus, the sewage whose C / N ratio is increased is treated in the next aerobic biological treatment.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block sheet showing a method for treating sewage in the present invention. First, raw sewage water is treated in the anaerobic biological treatment process 30 and biodegraded together with solid-liquid separation. Next, the process proceeds to an electrochemical treatment step 31 where electrolysis is performed to remove ammonia nitrogen. This treated liquid is transferred to the aerobic biological treatment step 32, where the remaining organic matter is decomposed and removed. The above treated liquid is transferred to the disinfection tank 33 to kill and release E. coli and bacteria. A part of the treated liquid in the aerobic biological treatment process 32 may be returned to the anaerobic biological treatment process 30.
[0015]
In the anaerobic biological treatment process 30, since there is a solid substance that easily settles in the sewage, it is separated by precipitation, and concentrated and stored together. At this time, a part of the stored sludge is also stored as scum by an anaerobic biological reaction. In anaerobic biological reactions, proteins, which are organic substances present on the sediment sludge and separation liquid side, are hydrolyzed to amino acids, lipids become alcohols such as glycerin, carbohydrates become monosaccharides, and these undergo organic acids. Decomposed into methane, carbon dioxide, ammonia, etc. Although BOD decreases due to these decompositions, ammonia remains almost as ammonium ions (ammonia nitrogen), so the C / N ratio at this stage becomes small. In the anaerobic biological treatment process 30, a microorganism adhesion material can be used to further promote the various functions described above.
[0016]
As the electrochemical treatment step 31, an electrolysis method is usually used. In this step, chlorine ions contained in the sewage are oxidized at the anode to produce hypochlorous acid, and the hypochlorous acid and ammonia nitrogen react directly to gasify the nitrogen content. As a result, the nitrogen content of the sewage is reduced, and the sewage can be changed to sewage having a low nitrogen concentration (high C / N ratio). In the electrolysis, not only the reaction shown in the above formula (3) but also ammonia nitrogen may be slightly oxidized to produce nitrate nitrogen. However, for the aerobic biological treatment step 32 in the latter stage, ammonia Since nitrogen load is reduced, it is advantageous for decomposition of organic matter. In addition, hypochlorous acid may remain, but since it is consumed in the oxidation of this organic matter because the concentration of the organic matter is high, there is no influence on the microorganisms in the subsequent aerobic biological treatment step 32, rather, Since organic substances are oxidized, an advantageous effect is obtained. Furthermore, since electrolysis is less affected by the water temperature, the above functions are exhibited even at low water temperatures in winter.
[0017]
For the electrode material of the anode for electrolysis, titanium, lead dioxide, ferrite, carbon, etc. coated with one or more of noble metals or oxides of noble metals such as platinum, iridium, ruthenium, palladium, rhodium, etc. can be used. Of these, non-eluting electrodes are preferred. Further, zinc, copper, silver, brass, gold, stainless steel, iron, aluminum, zirconium, nickel alloy, platinum-coated titanium, palladium-coated copper, or the like can be used as the cathode electrode material.
[0018]
In the aerobic biological treatment process 32, the organic matter in the sewage having an increased C / N ratio is easily oxidatively decomposed by the air sent from the blower and the grown aerobic microorganisms. Further, since the concentration of residual ammonia nitrogen is low, nitrification proceeds. Thereby, the adverse effect of N-BOD can be suppressed even at a low water temperature in winter. In aerobic biological treatment, sewage with less nitrogen (that is, a higher C / N ratio) is easier to decompose. In the aerobic biological treatment process 32, a microorganism attaching material can be used to further promote the above function.
Through the above treatment process, sewage is treated and purified throughout the year into treated water having a low BOD concentration and a low nitrogen concentration.
[0019]
FIG. 2 is an example of a sewage septic tank using the treatment method of the present invention. The sewage purification tank 1 is provided with a first anaerobic treatment tank 2 and a second anaerobic treatment tank 3 as an anaerobic biological treatment process from the upstream side, and a transfer pipe 4 is provided in a part of the second anaerobic treatment tank 3. And an aerobic biological treatment tank 6 as an aerobic biological treatment process, and an aerobic biological treatment tank 6 as an aerobic biological treatment process. A treatment water tank 7 communicating with the lower part of the biological treatment tank 6 is provided, and a disinfection tank 8 is provided above the treatment water tank 7.
[0020]
More specifically, the first anaerobic treatment tank 2 is provided with a sewage inflow pipe 9, and a sewage inflow pipe 9 is provided below the sewage inflow pipe 9 with a box-shaped inflow baffle 10 having upper and lower openings. An advection pipe 11 is provided on the partition wall opposite to the inflow pipe 2. In the first anaerobic treatment tank 2, the solid matter that tends to settle in the inflowing sewage is precipitated and separated, and concentrated and stored at the bottom of the tank. At this time, a part of the sludge stored at the bottom of the tank becomes a scum by an anaerobic biological reaction, rises and is stored at the top of the tank. Moreover, in the filter bed 22, an anaerobic biological reaction is advanced. The second anaerobic treatment tank 3 has the same processing function as the first anaerobic treatment tank 2, and sludge storage at the top of the tank by scumming, organic matter decomposition at the filter bed 23, and sludge at the bottom due to sedimentation. To store. In the above anaerobic biological treatment tanks (first anaerobic treatment tank 2 and second anaerobic treatment tank 3), most of the nitrogen content contained therein is converted to ammonia nitrogen as the organic matter is decomposed. The filter beds 22 and 23 can be omitted.
[0021]
In each upper part of the first anaerobic treatment tank 2 and the second anaerobic treatment tank 3, the liquid level is the highest water level (HWL) in order to reduce the fluctuation of the inflowing sewage and transfer it to the next tank. And a flow rate adjusting unit 12 that can vary between the lowest water level (LWL). In addition, the L. of the advection pipe 4 disposed in the second anaerobic treatment tank 3. W. L is provided with a suction port 14 of a transfer pump 13 for transferring the liquid to the electrolysis tank 5 at a constant flow rate. In this case, the water level in the first anaerobic treatment tank 2 and the second anaerobic treatment tank 3 depends on whether the inflow amount of sewage is larger or smaller than the liquid feed amount of the transfer pump 13. W. L and H.H. W. It fluctuates between L. By doing so, the inflow of sewage is averaged, and in the anaerobic biological treatment tank (the first anaerobic treatment tank 2 and the second anaerobic treatment tank 3), the respective functions of the respective tanks are exhibited well. The In FIG. 2, the transfer pump 13 is an air lift pump that uses air supplied from the blower 15, but an intermittent metering pump that pumps air into a sealed container, an electric submersible pump, or the like can also be used.
[0022]
The electrolysis tank 5 electrolyzes the liquid sent from the transfer pump 13 and converts the existing ammonia nitrogen into nitrogen gas for denitrification. The electrode 5 is provided with an electrode composed of an anode and a cathode. A direct current is supplied from the box 16. When the anaerobic liquid is electrolyzed, the chlorine ions contained in the liquid are oxidized at the cathode to produce hypochlorous acid, and the hypochlorous acid and ammonia nitrogen react to form nitrogen gas. In the electrolysis, not only the reaction shown in the above formula (3) but also ammonia nitrogen may be slightly oxidized to produce nitrate nitrogen. Since the sewage has a low nitrogen load and a high C / N ratio, it is advantageous for the decomposition of organic matter. Hypochlorous acid may remain, but the organic matter concentration is high, so it is consumed for the oxidation of the organic matter. The adverse effect on microorganisms in the aerobic biological treatment tank 6 in the subsequent stage is reduced, and it works rather advantageously. .
[0023]
In the aerobic biological treatment tank 6, an air diffuser 17 for aeration is arranged at the bottom, and air from the blower 15 is ejected. The aerobic biological treatment tank 6 is formed with a bed filled with a microorganism adhesion material (also referred to as a carrier, a microorganism carrier, a contact material, or a contact filter material). Here, the bed filled with the microorganism adhesion material may be a fluidized bed that flows with the liquid by the air ejected by the microorganism adhesion material, a fixed bed in which only the liquid moves, or both the fluidized bed and the fixed bed. May be incorporated. When both the fluidized bed and the fixed bed are installed, the fluidized bed is placed on the upper side and the fixed bed is placed on the lower side in the vertical direction, or the fluidized bed is placed in the front stage and the fixed bed is placed side by side in the transverse direction. Can be. In the aerobic biological treatment tank 6, aeration is performed so that the microorganism adhesion material (with microorganisms attached) and the liquid are sufficiently mixed, or the microorganism adhesion material and the liquid are positively contacted. As a result, the organic matter is oxidized and decomposed, and if ammonia nitrogen remains, nitrification proceeds.
[0024]
The shape of the microorganism-adhering material to be used is various, such as plate-like, net-plate-like, loofah-like, porous, cylindrical, rod-like, skeletal sphere, string-like, granular, irregular lump, cube, fiber lump, etc. What was processed into the shape of can be used. Of these microbial adhering materials, those having a relatively small and easy-to-flow shape are preferably used for the fluidized bed, and those having a relatively large and easy-to-fix shape are preferably used for the fixed bed. The material of the microorganism adhesion material is a synthetic resin processed material such as vinylidene chloride, polyvinyl formal, polyurethane, melamine resin, inorganic processed material such as ceramics and silica sand, fossil processed material such as anthracite, activated carbon, etc. Is about 1 or 1 or more, and polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polystyrene and the like having specific gravity of about 1 or 1 or less can be used.
[0025]
The lower part (bottom part) of the boundary between the aerobic biological treatment tank 6 and the treated water tank 7 of the next tank communicates with each other, and the liquid transferred from the aerobic biological treatment tank 6 to the treated water tank 7 is transferred to the upper part of the treated water tank 7. Overflow to the disinfecting tank 8 provided in one stroke. The treated water tank 7 also has a function of precipitating and separating SS in the liquid.
[0026]
The treatment water tank 7 is preferably provided with a return pump 18 for returning a part of the liquid treated in the aerobic biological treatment tank 6 to the first anaerobic treatment tank 2. By returning the aerobic biologically treated liquid, it is possible to extract the sludge that has settled at the bottom of the treated water tank 7, and in the case where there is nitrate nitrogen, the biological action in the first anaerobic treatment tank 2 This is because denitrification is possible. The liquid return from the return pump 18 may be continuous or intermittent. In FIG. 2, the return pump 18 is an air lift pump that supplies air from the blower 15, but an intermittent metering pump, an electric pump, or the like that pumps air into a sealed container can also be used.
[0027]
In the disinfection tank 8, the advection liquid from the treated water tank 6 is brought into contact with the medicine cylinder 19 to be disinfected or sterilized. In addition, a manhole is provided in the upper part of each tank (each room) of the sewage septic tank so that maintenance and management such as inspection and cleaning can be easily performed, and a manhole cover 21 is usually attached thereto.
[0028]
(Experimental example)
Electrolysis was performed using artificial wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen, and a denitrification test was conducted. The conditions of artificial drainage and electrolysis are as follows.
Artificial wastewater is made up to 1 liter by dissolving 0.25 mmol of sodium bicarbonate, 0.25 mmol of calcium chloride, 0.25 mmol of magnesium sulfate, 0.025 mmol of potassium bicarbonate, 2.86 mmol of ammonium chloride in distilled water, 0.5 liter of this aqueous solution was used for the test.
The electrode material used was platinum / iridium coated on a titanium plate for the anode, and brass for the cathode. The current was set to a constant current and a current density of 0.015 A / cm 2 .
FIG. 3 shows the results of a test conducted up to 60 minutes of electrolysis. After 60 minutes of ammonia nitrogen 35 mg / L, it dropped to 3 mg / L, and 32 mg / L could be removed. Nitrate nitrogen was generated at 2 mg / L, but the total nitrogen was reduced to 5 mg / L.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
In the method for treating sewage in the present invention, an anaerobic biologically treated liquid is electrochemically treated in advance to remove ammonia nitrogen, and after increasing to a C / N ratio that is easily biodegradable, it is transferred to an aerobic biological treatment. In the aerobic biological treatment, even if ammonia nitrogen remains, the concentration is low and nitrification is sufficiently achieved. Therefore, the adverse effect of N-BOD can be suppressed, and low-concentration nitrogen treated water (treated liquid) can be obtained with low-concentration BOD.
In the sewage septic tank using the treatment method of the present invention, the start-up period of the treatment performance can be shortened, and BOD and nitrogen can be highly removed throughout the year to obtain stable treated water.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block sheet showing a method for treating sewage according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an example of a sewage septic tank using the treatment method of the present invention, in which (a) is a schematic plan view, and (b) is a schematic cross-sectional view along the AA plane of (a).
FIG. 3 is a graph of an experimental example using an electrolysis tank.
FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of a conventional sewage septic tank.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Wastewater purification tank 2: First anaerobic treatment tank 3: Second anaerobic treatment tank 4: Advection pipe 5: Electrolysis tank 6: Aerobic biological treatment tank 7: Treated water tank 8: Disinfection tank 9: Wastewater inlet 10: Baffle 11: Advection pipe 12: Flow rate adjusting unit 13: Transfer pump 14: Suction port 15: Blower 16: Current box 17: Air diffuser 18: Return pump 19: Medicine cylinder 20: Outlet 21: Manhole cover 22: Filter Floor 23: Filter bed 51: Anaerobic filter bed tank 1st chamber 52: Anaerobic filter bed tank 2nd chamber 53: Biological filter tank 54: Treated water tank 55: Disinfection tank 56: Water quantity fluctuation absorption part 57: Pump tank 58: For transfer Air lift pump 59: Air lift pipe for circulation

Claims (2)

汚水中の有機物を嫌気的生物処理により処理・分解したあと、残存する有機物を好気的生物処理により処理・分解する場合に、嫌気的生物処理の後に、電気化学的処理によって汚水中のアンモニア態窒素を除去・低減させ、C(炭素分)/N(窒素分)比を高めた後で好気的生物処理する、汚水の処理方法。  When organic matter in wastewater is treated and decomposed by anaerobic biological treatment, and the remaining organic matter is treated and decomposed by anaerobic biological treatment, after the anaerobic biological treatment, the ammonia state in the wastewater is treated by electrochemical treatment. A method for treating sewage, in which aerobic biological treatment is performed after removing and reducing nitrogen and increasing the ratio of C (carbon) / N (nitrogen). 電気化学的処理の方法は、陽極及び陰極を有する電極を用いた電気分解法である、請求項1記載の処理方法。 The processing method according to claim 1, wherein the electrochemical processing method is an electrolysis method using an electrode having an anode and a cathode .
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