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JP4287350B2 - Supplying supercritical carbon dioxide - Google Patents
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JP4287350B2 - Supplying supercritical carbon dioxide - Google Patents

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JP4287350B2
JP4287350B2 JP2004287108A JP2004287108A JP4287350B2 JP 4287350 B2 JP4287350 B2 JP 4287350B2 JP 2004287108 A JP2004287108 A JP 2004287108A JP 2004287108 A JP2004287108 A JP 2004287108A JP 4287350 B2 JP4287350 B2 JP 4287350B2
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carbon dioxide
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supercritical carbon
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supply
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元 川崎
秀紀 荒井
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Tacmina Corp
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本発明は、超臨界二酸化炭素の供給方法および供給装置に関し、詳しくは、液体二酸化炭素が充填されたタンクから超臨界二酸化炭素を供給する方法および装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a supercritical carbon dioxide supply method and apparatus, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for supplying supercritical carbon dioxide from a tank filled with liquid carbon dioxide.

超臨界二酸化炭素は、超臨界状態の二酸化炭素、すなわち臨界温度(31.3℃)および臨界圧力(7.36MPa)を超えた状態の二酸化炭素をいう。超臨界二酸化炭素は、その密度(臨界密度0.429g/cm3)が非常に大きく、気体および液体双方の特性を有し、二酸化炭素と親和性のある物質を溶解する力が大きいため、物質の抽出、洗浄または化学反応における溶媒として広範囲に利用することができる。 Supercritical carbon dioxide refers to carbon dioxide in a supercritical state, that is, carbon dioxide in a state exceeding a critical temperature (31.3 ° C.) and a critical pressure (7.36 MPa). Supercritical carbon dioxide has a very high density (critical density 0.429 g / cm 3 ), has characteristics of both gas and liquid, and has a large ability to dissolve a substance having an affinity for carbon dioxide. It can be widely used as a solvent in extraction, washing, or chemical reaction.

かかる超臨界二酸化炭素を、抽出装置、洗浄装置または反応装置へ供給する方法または装置として、液体二酸化炭素が充填されたボンベまたはタンクから液体二酸化炭素を取り出して高圧で加熱器に導入して、加熱器で超臨界二酸化炭素に変えて供給する方法および装置が開発されている(たとえば、非特許文献1を参照)。   As a method or apparatus for supplying such supercritical carbon dioxide to an extraction device, a cleaning device, or a reaction device, liquid carbon dioxide is taken out from a cylinder or tank filled with liquid carbon dioxide, introduced into a heater at high pressure, and heated. A method and an apparatus for supplying supercritical carbon dioxide in a vessel have been developed (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).

上記超臨界二酸化炭素の供給方法および供給装置においては、定量的に超臨界二酸化炭素を供給するために、ボンベまたはタンクから取り出された液体二酸化炭素を高圧液体定量ポンプにより加熱器に導入するまで、二酸化炭素を液体状態に保つ必要がある。ここで、二酸化炭素を液体状態に保つためには、図8に示す二酸化炭素のエンタルピー−圧力曲線において、ボンベまたはタンクの内部圧力に応じて、飽和液線(気液線)以下に液体温度を下げる必要がある。   In the above supercritical carbon dioxide supply method and apparatus, in order to quantitatively supply supercritical carbon dioxide, until the liquid carbon dioxide taken out from the cylinder or tank is introduced into the heater by a high-pressure liquid metering pump, Carbon dioxide needs to be kept in a liquid state. Here, in order to keep carbon dioxide in a liquid state, in the enthalpy-pressure curve of carbon dioxide shown in FIG. 8, the liquid temperature is set below the saturated liquid line (gas-liquid line) according to the internal pressure of the cylinder or tank. Need to lower.

ここで、二酸化炭素ボンベ(容量:30kg)においては、内圧が約6MPaに設定されており、液体二酸化炭素を20℃以下好ましくは15℃以下とすることにより、液体状態を保つことができる。   Here, in the carbon dioxide cylinder (capacity: 30 kg), the internal pressure is set to about 6 MPa, and the liquid state can be maintained by setting the liquid carbon dioxide to 20 ° C. or less, preferably 15 ° C. or less.

一方、LGC(リキッド・ガス・カートリッジ)タンク(容量:150kg)においては、タンクの内圧は約2MPaに設定されており、タンクから取り出した二酸化炭素を液体状態に保つためには、液体二酸化炭素の温度を−20℃以下とする必要がある。しかし、タンク内の液体二酸化炭素が消費されるに伴い、タンク内の内部圧力が低下するために、飽和液線のおける飽和温度がさらに下がるため、タンクから取り出した液体二酸化炭素の冷却が不十分となり、タンク出口から液体定量ポンプおよび加熱器までの配管において、液体二酸化炭素の一部が気化して、二酸化炭素を定量的にタンクから加熱器に送れなくなり、超臨界二酸化炭素を定量的にかつ安定して供給することが困難となる問題があった。
株式会社エヌ・ティー・エス編集企画部編,「超臨界流体の最新応用技術」,初版,株式会社エヌ・ティー・エス発行,2004年3月,p218−219
On the other hand, in an LGC (liquid gas cartridge) tank (capacity: 150 kg), the internal pressure of the tank is set to about 2 MPa, and in order to keep the carbon dioxide taken out from the tank in a liquid state, The temperature needs to be −20 ° C. or lower. However, as the liquid carbon dioxide in the tank is consumed, the internal pressure in the tank decreases, so the saturation temperature in the saturated liquid line further decreases, so the liquid carbon dioxide taken out from the tank is not sufficiently cooled. In the piping from the tank outlet to the liquid metering pump and the heater, a part of the liquid carbon dioxide is vaporized, and carbon dioxide cannot be quantitatively sent from the tank to the heater. There was a problem that it was difficult to supply stably.
NTS Corporation Editorial Planning Department, “Latest Application Technology of Supercritical Fluids”, First Edition, published by NTS Corporation, March 2004, p218-219

上記問題点を解決するため、本発明は、液体二酸化炭素が充填されたタンクから超臨界二酸化炭素を定量的にかつ安定に供給する方法および装置を提供することを目的とする。   In order to solve the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for quantitatively and stably supplying supercritical carbon dioxide from a tank filled with liquid carbon dioxide.

本発明は、液体二酸化炭素が充填されたタンクから超臨界二酸化炭素を供給する方法であって、タンクから液体二酸化炭素を取り出す工程と、液体二酸化炭素を冷媒に接触させることにより冷却し、冷却された液体二酸化炭素を液体状態のままで液体定量ポンプを用いて加熱器に導入する工程と、加熱器において液体二酸化炭素を超臨界二酸化炭素に変えて、超臨界二酸化炭素を供給する工程とを含み、冷媒の温度TCを、タンクの出口における液体二酸化炭素の温度TTより10℃以上低く制御することを特徴とする超臨界二酸化炭素の供給方法である。 The present invention is a method for supplying supercritical carbon dioxide from a tank filled with liquid carbon dioxide, the step of taking out the liquid carbon dioxide from the tank, and cooling by bringing the liquid carbon dioxide into contact with a refrigerant. The liquid carbon dioxide in a liquid state is introduced into the heater using a liquid metering pump, and the liquid carbon dioxide is changed to supercritical carbon dioxide in the heater to supply supercritical carbon dioxide. The supercritical carbon dioxide supply method is characterized in that the temperature T C of the refrigerant is controlled to be 10 ° C. lower than the temperature T T of the liquid carbon dioxide at the outlet of the tank.

本発明にかかる超臨界二酸化炭素の供給方法において、冷媒の温度TCを、タンクの出口における液体二酸化炭素の温度TTの変動に応じて、TCとTTとの温度差TD=TT−TCが一定で、かつ、TD≧10℃となるように制御することができる。また、冷媒の温度TCを−50℃以上に制御することができる。 In the method of supplying supercritical carbon dioxide according to the present invention, the temperature T C of the coolant, in accordance with a variation in temperature T T of the liquid carbon dioxide at the outlet of the tank, the temperature difference between T C and T T T D = T It can be controlled so that T− T C is constant and T D ≧ 10 ° C. Further, the refrigerant temperature T C can be controlled to be −50 ° C. or higher.

また、本発明は、液体二酸化炭素が充填されたタンクから超臨界二酸化炭素を供給する装置であって、タンクと、冷却機と、液体定量ポンプと、加熱器とを含み、タンクから取り出された液体二酸化炭素を冷却機の冷媒により冷却し、冷却された液体二酸化炭素を液体状態のままで液体定量ポンプを用いて加熱器に導入し、加熱器において液体二酸化炭素を超臨界二酸化炭素に変えて、超臨界二酸化炭素を供給することを特徴とする超臨界二酸化炭素の供給装置である。   Further, the present invention is an apparatus for supplying supercritical carbon dioxide from a tank filled with liquid carbon dioxide, and includes a tank, a cooler, a liquid metering pump, and a heater, and is taken out from the tank. Liquid carbon dioxide is cooled by the refrigerant of the cooler, and the cooled liquid carbon dioxide is introduced into the heater by using a liquid metering pump in a liquid state, and the liquid carbon dioxide is changed to supercritical carbon dioxide in the heater. A supercritical carbon dioxide supply apparatus characterized by supplying supercritical carbon dioxide.

本発明にかかる超臨界二酸化炭素の供給装置において、液体定量ポンプから送り出される液体二酸化炭素を再度タンク出口まで返す二酸化炭素循環配管をさらに含むことができる。   The supercritical carbon dioxide supply apparatus according to the present invention may further include a carbon dioxide circulation pipe that returns the liquid carbon dioxide fed from the liquid metering pump to the tank outlet again.

上記のように、本発明によれば、液体二酸化炭素が充填されたタンクから超臨界二酸化炭素を定量的にかつ安定に供給する方法および装置を提供することができる。   As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method and apparatus for supplying supercritical carbon dioxide quantitatively and stably from a tank filled with liquid carbon dioxide.

本発明にかかる一の超臨界二酸化炭素の供給方法は、図1を参照して、液体二酸化炭素が充填されたタンク1から超臨界二酸化炭素を供給する方法であって、タンク1から液体二酸化炭素を取り出す工程と、液体二酸化炭素を冷却機2の冷媒20に接触させることにより冷却し、冷却された液体二酸化炭素を液体状態のままで液体定量ポンプ3を用いて加熱器4に導入する工程と、加熱器4において液体二酸化炭素を超臨界二酸化炭素に変えて、超臨界二酸化炭素を供給する工程とを含み、冷媒の温度TCをタンクの出口における液体二酸化炭素の温度TTより10℃以上低く制御することを特徴とする超臨界二酸化炭素の供給方法である。 One supercritical carbon dioxide supply method according to the present invention is a method of supplying supercritical carbon dioxide from a tank 1 filled with liquid carbon dioxide with reference to FIG. And a step of cooling the liquid carbon dioxide by bringing it into contact with the refrigerant 20 of the cooler 2 and introducing the cooled liquid carbon dioxide into the heater 4 using the liquid metering pump 3 in a liquid state. A step of changing the liquid carbon dioxide into supercritical carbon dioxide in the heater 4 and supplying supercritical carbon dioxide, and the temperature T C of the refrigerant is 10 ° C. or higher than the temperature T T of the liquid carbon dioxide at the outlet of the tank. The supercritical carbon dioxide supply method is characterized by being controlled to be low.

CをTTより10℃以上低く制御することにより、冷媒により冷却された液体二酸化炭素を液体状態のままで液体定量ポンプを用いて定量的にかつ安定して加熱器に導入することができ、加熱器において液体二酸化炭素を超臨界二酸化炭素に変えて、超臨界二酸化炭素を定量的にかつ安定して供給することができる。かかる観点から、TCをTTより15℃以上低く制御することが好ましい。 By controlling T C to be 10 ° C. lower than T T , liquid carbon dioxide cooled by the refrigerant can be quantitatively and stably introduced into the heater in a liquid state using a liquid metering pump. The liquid carbon dioxide can be changed to supercritical carbon dioxide in the heater, and the supercritical carbon dioxide can be supplied quantitatively and stably. From this viewpoint, it is preferable to control low 15 ℃ or higher than the T C T T.

本発明にかかる一の超臨界二酸化炭素の供給方法において、冷媒の温度TCを、タンクの出口における液体二酸化炭素の温度TTの変動に応じて、TCとTTとの温度差TD=TT−TCが一定で、かつ、TD≧10℃となるように制御することが好ましい。TTの変動に応じて、TD=TT−TCが10℃以上で一定になるように制御することにより、液体定量ポンプのサクション側における液体二酸化炭素の温度TPSをより低く安定に制御できるため、冷媒により冷却された液体二酸化炭素を液体状態のままで液体定量ポンプを用いてより定量的にかつより安定して加熱器に導入することができ、超臨界二酸化炭素をより定量的にかつより安定して供給することができる。かかる観点から、TD≧15℃とすることがより好ましい。 In one supercritical carbon dioxide supply method according to the present invention, the temperature T C of the refrigerant is set to a temperature difference T D between T C and T T according to the variation of the temperature T T of the liquid carbon dioxide at the outlet of the tank. It is preferable to control so that = T T -T C is constant and T D ≧ 10 ° C. By controlling T D = T T -T C to be constant at 10 ° C. or more according to the variation of T T , the temperature T PS of liquid carbon dioxide on the suction side of the liquid metering pump can be lowered and stabilized. Because it can be controlled, the liquid carbon dioxide cooled by the refrigerant can be introduced into the heater more quantitatively and more stably using the liquid metering pump in the liquid state, and the supercritical carbon dioxide can be more quantitatively measured. And more stably. From this viewpoint, it is more preferable that T D ≧ 15 ° C.

また、本発明にかかる一の超臨界二酸化炭素の供給方法において、冷媒の温度TCを−50℃以上に制御することが好ましい。図8に示す二酸化炭素のエンタルピー−圧力曲線を参照して、二酸化炭素は−56.6℃において液体から固体に変化するため、冷媒の温度を−50℃未満とすると、冷却された液体二酸化炭素の一部が固体になるおそれがあり、加熱器に導入される液体二酸化炭素の定量性および安定性が低下するおそれがある。 In one supercritical carbon dioxide supply method according to the present invention, it is preferable to control the temperature T C of the refrigerant to −50 ° C. or higher. Referring to the enthalpy-pressure curve of carbon dioxide shown in FIG. 8, since carbon dioxide changes from liquid to solid at −56.6 ° C., when the temperature of the refrigerant is less than −50 ° C., the cooled liquid carbon dioxide May become a solid, and the quantitativeness and stability of liquid carbon dioxide introduced into the heater may be reduced.

本発明にかかる一の超臨界二酸化炭素の供給装置は、図1を参照して、液体二酸化炭素が充填されたタンク1から超臨界二酸化炭素を供給する装置であって、タンク1と、冷却機2と、液体定量ポンプ3と、加熱器4とを含み、タンク1から取り出された液体二酸化炭素を冷却機2の冷媒20により冷却し、冷却された液体二酸化炭素を液体状態のままで液体定量ポンプ3を用いて加熱器4に導入し、加熱器4において液体二酸化炭素を超臨界二酸化炭素に変えて、超臨界二酸化炭素を供給することを特徴とする超臨界二酸化炭素の供給装置である。かかる装置を用いることにより、冷媒により冷却された液体二酸化炭素を液体状態のままで液体定量ポンプを用いてより定量的にかつより安定して加熱器に導入することができ、超臨界二酸化炭素をより定量的にかつより安定して供給することができる。   One supercritical carbon dioxide supply apparatus according to the present invention is an apparatus for supplying supercritical carbon dioxide from a tank 1 filled with liquid carbon dioxide with reference to FIG. 2, a liquid metering pump 3, and a heater 4, and the liquid carbon dioxide taken out from the tank 1 is cooled by the refrigerant 20 of the cooler 2, and the liquid carbon dioxide that has been cooled is liquid-quantified while remaining in a liquid state. The supercritical carbon dioxide supply device is characterized in that it is introduced into a heater 4 using a pump 3 and liquid carbon dioxide is changed to supercritical carbon dioxide in the heater 4 to supply supercritical carbon dioxide. By using such an apparatus, the liquid carbon dioxide cooled by the refrigerant can be introduced into the heater more quantitatively and more stably using the liquid metering pump in the liquid state, and the supercritical carbon dioxide can be introduced. More quantitative and more stable supply is possible.

ここで、図1を参照して、本発明にかかる一の超臨界二酸化炭素の供給装置およびそれを用いた超臨界二酸化炭素の供給方法をより具体的に説明する。タンク1の出口から取り出された液体二酸化炭素は、二酸化炭素供給配管12を経て冷却機2の冷媒20に接触させて冷却され、二酸化炭素供給配管23を経て液体定量ポンプ3のサクション側(図1におけるB)に至り、液体定量ポンプ3により、液体状態のまま二酸化炭素供給配管34を経て加熱器4に導入される。このとき、加熱器4内の液体二酸化炭素には、臨界圧力(7.36MPa)以上の圧力がかけられている。   Here, with reference to FIG. 1, one supercritical carbon dioxide supply apparatus and a supercritical carbon dioxide supply method using the same according to the present invention will be described more specifically. The liquid carbon dioxide taken out from the outlet of the tank 1 is cooled by being brought into contact with the refrigerant 20 of the cooler 2 through the carbon dioxide supply pipe 12, and is cooled through the carbon dioxide supply pipe 23 (FIG. 1). B), and the liquid metering pump 3 is introduced into the heater 4 through the carbon dioxide supply pipe 34 in the liquid state. At this time, the liquid carbon dioxide in the heater 4 is applied with a pressure equal to or higher than the critical pressure (7.36 MPa).

ここで、液体定量ポンプ3には、臨界圧力以上の圧力を二酸化炭素にかけることができる高圧液体定量ポンプであれば特に制限はないが、プランジャー式定量ポンプ、エア駆動式ブースターポンプなどが好ましく用いられる。なお、プランジャー式定量ポンプなどを用いる場合は、ポンプの脈動による流量変化を低減するため、図1に示すように2ヘッド以上のポンプを用いることがより好ましい。   Here, the liquid metering pump 3 is not particularly limited as long as it is a high-pressure liquid metering pump capable of applying a pressure higher than the critical pressure to carbon dioxide, but a plunger-type metering pump, an air-driven booster pump, etc. are preferable. Used. When using a plunger-type metering pump or the like, it is more preferable to use a pump with two or more heads as shown in FIG.

また、タンク出口には、タンク1からの液体二酸化炭素の取り出し量を調節するためのしぼり弁104が設けられている。二酸化炭素供給配管12には、タンク出口における液体二酸化炭素の温度および圧力を検出するための温度センサ121および圧力センサ122が設けられている。冷却機2には、冷媒20の温度を検出するための温度センサ201が設けられている。二酸化炭素供給配管23には、液体定量ポンプのサクション側における液体二酸化炭素の温度TPSを検出するための温度センサ231が設けられている。二酸化炭素供給配管34には、液体二酸化炭素の逆流を防止するための逆止弁332と、液体定量ポンプの出口における液体二酸化炭素の温度および圧力を検出するための温度センサ341および圧力センサ342とが設けられている。また、冷却機2の冷媒20には、特に制限はないが、比熱が大きく−50℃まで冷却できる液体状の冷媒が好ましい。 In addition, a throttle valve 104 for adjusting the amount of liquid carbon dioxide taken out from the tank 1 is provided at the tank outlet. The carbon dioxide supply pipe 12 is provided with a temperature sensor 121 and a pressure sensor 122 for detecting the temperature and pressure of liquid carbon dioxide at the tank outlet. The cooler 2 is provided with a temperature sensor 201 for detecting the temperature of the refrigerant 20. Carbon dioxide supply pipe 23, a temperature sensor 231 for detecting the temperature T PS of the liquid carbon dioxide in the suction side of the liquid metering pump is provided. The carbon dioxide supply pipe 34 includes a check valve 332 for preventing a back flow of liquid carbon dioxide, a temperature sensor 341 and a pressure sensor 342 for detecting the temperature and pressure of the liquid carbon dioxide at the outlet of the liquid metering pump. Is provided. The refrigerant 20 of the cooler 2 is not particularly limited, but a liquid refrigerant that has a large specific heat and can be cooled to −50 ° C. is preferable.

また、図1に示す超臨界二酸化炭素の供給装置においては、液体定量ポンプ3内における液体二酸化炭素の温度上昇を防止するために、液体定量ポンプ3のヘッド部を冷却するポンプ冷却フード30に冷媒20を循環させるための冷媒循環配管21,22が設けられており、冷媒循環配管21,22には、冷媒の循環量を調節するためのしぼり弁214,224が設けられている。   In the supercritical carbon dioxide supply device shown in FIG. 1, in order to prevent the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide in the liquid metering pump 3, a refrigerant is provided in the pump cooling hood 30 that cools the head portion of the liquid metering pump 3. The refrigerant circulation pipes 21 and 22 for circulating 20 are provided, and the refrigerant circulation pipes 21 and 22 are provided with throttle valves 214 and 224 for adjusting the circulation amount of the refrigerant.

次に、液体定量ポンプ3により加熱器4に導入された臨界圧力(7.36MPa)以上に加圧された液体二酸化炭素は、加熱器4において臨界温度(31.3℃)以上に加熱され、超臨界二酸化炭素となる。こうして得られた超臨界二酸化炭素は、二酸化炭素供給配管40を経て外部に供給される。ここで、二酸化炭素供給配管40には、超臨界二酸化炭素の温度および圧力を検出するための温度センサ401および圧力センサ402と、臨界圧力以上の圧力を確保するための保圧弁411が設けられている。   Next, the liquid carbon dioxide pressurized to the critical pressure (7.36 MPa) or higher introduced into the heater 4 by the liquid metering pump 3 is heated to the critical temperature (31.3 ° C.) or higher in the heater 4, It becomes supercritical carbon dioxide. The supercritical carbon dioxide thus obtained is supplied to the outside through the carbon dioxide supply pipe 40. Here, the carbon dioxide supply pipe 40 is provided with a temperature sensor 401 and a pressure sensor 402 for detecting the temperature and pressure of supercritical carbon dioxide, and a pressure holding valve 411 for ensuring a pressure equal to or higher than the critical pressure. Yes.

なお、本超臨界二酸化炭素の供給装置は、図1に示すように、タンク1の出口から取り出された液体二酸化炭素の冷却と液体定量ポンプ3のヘッド部の冷却とをひとつの冷却機2を用いて行なっているが、それぞれについて別の冷却機を用いることも可能である。   As shown in FIG. 1, this supercritical carbon dioxide supply device uses a single cooler 2 for cooling the liquid carbon dioxide taken out from the outlet of the tank 1 and for cooling the head portion of the liquid metering pump 3. However, it is possible to use a separate cooler for each.

本発明にかかる一の超臨界二酸化炭素の供給装置において、図1を参照して、液体定量ポンプ3から送り出される液体二酸化炭素を、再度タンク出口まで返す二酸化炭素循環配管31をさらに含むことが好ましい。この二酸化炭素循環配管31により、タンク1から取り出された液体二酸化炭素は、液体定量ポンプ3の出口(図1におけるC)からタンク1の出口(図1におけるA)に循環される。ここで、二酸化炭素循環配管31には、液体二酸化炭素にかかる圧力を保持するための保圧弁311と、液体二酸化炭素の逆流を防止するための逆止弁312とが設けられている。   One supercritical carbon dioxide supply apparatus according to the present invention preferably further includes a carbon dioxide circulation pipe 31 that returns liquid carbon dioxide fed from the liquid metering pump 3 to the tank outlet again with reference to FIG. . The liquid carbon dioxide taken out from the tank 1 is circulated from the outlet of the liquid metering pump 3 (C in FIG. 1) to the outlet of the tank 1 (A in FIG. 1) by the carbon dioxide circulation pipe 31. Here, the carbon dioxide circulation pipe 31 is provided with a pressure holding valve 311 for holding the pressure applied to the liquid carbon dioxide and a check valve 312 for preventing the back flow of the liquid carbon dioxide.

かかる液体二酸化炭素循環配管31を設け、液体二酸化炭素を循環させることによりタンク出口における液体二酸化炭素の温度をより低下かつ安定させることができるため、液体二酸化炭素を液体状態のままで液体定量ポンプを用いてより定量的にかつより安定して加熱器に導入することができ、超臨界二酸化炭素をより定量的にかつより安定して供給することができる。また、超臨界二酸化炭素の供給を一時停止し、一定時間経過後にその供給を再開するようないわゆる間欠供給においても、停止時および開始時における超臨界二酸化炭素の供給流量が安定する。   Since the liquid carbon dioxide circulation pipe 31 is provided and the liquid carbon dioxide is circulated, the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide at the tank outlet can be further lowered and stabilized. And can be introduced into the heater more quantitatively and more stably, and supercritical carbon dioxide can be supplied more quantitatively and more stably. Further, even in the so-called intermittent supply in which the supply of supercritical carbon dioxide is temporarily stopped and the supply is resumed after a lapse of a certain time, the supply flow rate of supercritical carbon dioxide at the time of stop and start is stabilized.

(実施例1)
図1を参照して、タンク1として容量150kgの二酸化炭素LGCタンクを用いて、液体流量ポンプ3を設定最大能力750g/minで稼動させ、液体二酸化炭素を、圧力25MPa、温度60℃に設定された加熱器4に導入したときに供給される超臨界二酸化炭素の質量流量(以下、単に流量という)の経時変化を測定した。結果を図2に示す。図2において、曲線aはタンク出口における液体二酸化炭素の温度TT(図1における温度センサ121により検出される)の経時変化を示し、曲線bは冷媒の温度TC(図1における温度センサ201により検出される)の経時変化を示し、曲線cは液体定量ポンプのサクション側における液体二酸化炭素の温度TPS(図1における温度センサ231により検出される)の経時変化を示し、曲線dは超臨界二酸化炭素の流量の経時変化を示す。ここで、タンク1の初期圧力は1.9MPa、初期のTTは−22℃であった。また、冷却機2の最大冷却能力は3kwであり、初期のTCは−37℃であった。冷媒の温度が、タンク出口における液体二酸化炭素の温度より15℃低くなるように設定し冷却機2の冷却能力を制御した。なお、この超臨界二酸化炭素供給装置が置かれている雰囲気温度は36℃であった。
Example 1
Referring to FIG. 1, using a carbon dioxide LGC tank having a capacity of 150 kg as tank 1, liquid flow rate pump 3 is operated at a set maximum capacity of 750 g / min, and liquid carbon dioxide is set at a pressure of 25 MPa and a temperature of 60 ° C. The change with time in the mass flow rate of supercritical carbon dioxide (hereinafter, simply referred to as flow rate) supplied when introduced into the heater 4 was measured. The results are shown in FIG. In FIG. 2, a curve a shows a change with time of the temperature T T of liquid carbon dioxide at the tank outlet (detected by the temperature sensor 121 in FIG. 1), and a curve b shows the temperature T C of the refrigerant (temperature sensor 201 in FIG. 1). Curve c shows the time course of the liquid carbon dioxide temperature T PS (detected by the temperature sensor 231 in FIG. 1) on the suction side of the liquid metering pump, and the curve d The change with time of the flow rate of critical carbon dioxide is shown. Here, the initial pressure of the tank 1 was 1.9 MPa, and the initial T T was −22 ° C. The maximum cooling capacity of the cooling unit 2 is 3 kw, the initial from T C was -37 ° C.. The cooling capacity of the cooler 2 was controlled by setting the temperature of the refrigerant to be 15 ° C. lower than the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide at the tank outlet. In addition, the atmospheric temperature in which this supercritical carbon dioxide supply apparatus was placed was 36 degreeC.

図2より明らかなように、超臨界二酸化炭素の流量は、液体流量ポンプの設定流量である750g/minで安定していた。試験開始から、約140分経過後に、タンク内の液体二酸化炭素がなくなり、超臨界二酸化炭素の流量は直ちに減少し0となったが、タンク内の液体二酸化炭素がなくなる直前まで超臨界二酸化炭素を安定して供給することができた。   As apparent from FIG. 2, the flow rate of supercritical carbon dioxide was stable at 750 g / min, which is the set flow rate of the liquid flow rate pump. After about 140 minutes from the start of the test, the liquid carbon dioxide in the tank disappeared and the flow rate of supercritical carbon dioxide immediately decreased to zero, but until the liquid carbon dioxide in the tank disappeared, the supercritical carbon dioxide was removed. It was possible to supply stably.

また、TCはTTより12℃〜15℃の範囲で低く安定して制御されているため、TPSがTTよりも低くなり、TT、TPSおよびTCはいずれもほぼ平行で右下がりのなだらかな曲線(擬直線)を形成した。TPSが時間の経過とともに−28℃から−34℃に徐々に変化することにより、液体二酸化炭素を常に液体状態で液体定量ポンプに供給することが可能となり、超臨界二酸化炭素の供給を定量的にかつ安定して行なうことが可能となった。 Further, T C because it is stably controlled low in the range of 12 ° C. to 15 ° C. than T T, T PS is lower than T T, T T, T PS and T C are both substantially parallel A gentle curve (pseudo straight line) descending to the right was formed. By T PS is changed gradually to -34 ° C. from -28 ° C. over time, it is possible to supply the liquid metering pump liquid carbon dioxide is always in the liquid state, quantitative supply of supercritical carbon dioxide It has become possible to carry out in a stable and stable manner.

(実施例2)
液体定量ポンプ3を設定最小能力70g/minで稼動させた他は、実施例1と同様にして、供給される超臨界二酸化炭素の質量流量の変化を測定した。結果を図3に示す。図3における曲線a〜dは図2と同様である。ここで、タンク1の初期圧力は1.6MPa、初期のT T は−37℃、初期のTCは−52℃であった。
(Example 2)
A change in the mass flow rate of the supplied supercritical carbon dioxide was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the liquid metering pump 3 was operated at a set minimum capacity of 70 g / min. The results are shown in FIG. Curves a to d in FIG. 3 are the same as those in FIG. Here, the initial pressure of the tank 1 was 1.6 MPa, the initial T T was −37 ° C. , and the initial T C was −52 ° C.

図3より明らかなように、超臨界二酸化炭素の流量は、液体流量ポンプの設定流量である70g/minより少し高い72g/minで安定していた。試験開始から、約390分経過後に、タンク内の液体二酸化炭素がなくなり、超臨界二酸化炭素の流量は急激に減少し0となったが、タンク内の液体二酸化炭素がなくなる60分前まで超臨界二酸化炭素を安定して供給することができた。   As apparent from FIG. 3, the flow rate of supercritical carbon dioxide was stable at 72 g / min, which is slightly higher than 70 g / min, which is the set flow rate of the liquid flow rate pump. After about 390 minutes from the start of the test, the liquid carbon dioxide in the tank disappeared and the flow rate of supercritical carbon dioxide suddenly decreased to 0, but it became supercritical until 60 minutes before the liquid carbon dioxide in the tank disappeared. Carbon dioxide could be supplied stably.

ここで、TCはTTより15℃低く安定して制御されているが、二酸化炭素の流量が極めて少ないため、冷媒による液体二酸化炭素の冷却効果が小さく、TPSはTTより大きくなった。また、TT、TPSおよびTCがいずれもほぼ平行で水平な擬直線となった。TPSが、−30℃でほぼ一定となることにより、液体二酸化炭素を常に液体状態で液体定量ポンプに供給することが可能となり、超臨界二酸化炭素の供給を定量的にかつ安定して行なうことが可能となった。 Here, T C is stably controlled 15 ° C. lower than T T, but since the flow rate of carbon dioxide is extremely small, the cooling effect of liquid carbon dioxide by the refrigerant is small, and T PS is larger than T T. . Further, T T , T PS and T C were all parallel and horizontal pseudolines. T PS is, by substantially constant at -30 ° C., the liquid carbon dioxide can always be supplied to the liquid metering pump in liquid state, quantitatively and stably performing the supply of supercritical carbon dioxide Became possible.

(実施例3)
超臨界二酸化炭素を約2分間供給し、その後約66分間供給を停止した後、再度供給を行なう間欠供給において供給される超臨界二酸化炭素の質量流量の変化を測定した。結果を図4に示す。図4における曲線a〜dは図2と同様である。液体定量ポンプは設定最大能力750g/minで稼動させ、超臨界二酸化炭素の供給を一時停止している間も、液体定量ポンプを止めずに、液体二酸化炭素を循環(図1において、A→B→C→A・・・の部分で循環)させた。また、超臨界二酸化炭素の供給時および停止時いずれの時にも、実施例1と同様に、冷媒の温度がタンク出口における液体二酸化炭素の温度より15℃低くなるように設定し冷却機2の冷却能力を制御した。ここで、タンク1の初期圧力は1.7MPa、初期のTTは−22℃であった。また、冷却機2の最大冷却能力は3kwであり、初期のTCは−36℃であった。
(Example 3)
Supercritical carbon dioxide was supplied for about 2 minutes, and then the supply was stopped for about 66 minutes, and then the change in the mass flow rate of supercritical carbon dioxide supplied in the intermittent supply where the supply was performed again was measured. The results are shown in FIG. Curves a to d in FIG. 4 are the same as those in FIG. The liquid metering pump is operated at a set maximum capacity of 750 g / min, and the liquid carbon dioxide is circulated without stopping the liquid metering pump while the supply of supercritical carbon dioxide is temporarily stopped (in FIG. 1, A → B → C → A ...). In addition, the cooling temperature of the cooler 2 is set by setting the temperature of the refrigerant to be 15 ° C. lower than the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide at the tank outlet, at the time of both supply and stop of the supercritical carbon dioxide. Control ability. Here, the initial pressure of the tank 1 was 1.7 MPa, and the initial T T was −22 ° C. The maximum cooling capacity of the cooling unit 2 is 3 kw, the initial from T C was -36 ° C..

図4より明らかなように、超臨界二酸化炭素の供給の停止により直ちに流量が0となり、供給の再開により直ちに流量が750g/minに復帰した。また、復帰後の流量は安定していた。超臨界二酸化炭素の供給停止時(液体二酸化炭素の循環時)に、タンク1からの液体二酸化炭素の流量が減少し、TTが徐々に上がる傾向があるが、TTに追随してTCを制御しているため、TT、TCおよびTPSがほぼ一定に保たれた。循環時における上記の液体二酸化炭素の冷却保持により、超臨界二酸化炭素の供給開始時に直ちにもとの流量に回復できたものと考えられる。 As is apparent from FIG. 4, the flow rate immediately became 0 by the stop of the supply of supercritical carbon dioxide, and the flow rate immediately returned to 750 g / min by the restart of the supply. Moreover, the flow rate after the return was stable. The time of stopping supply of the supercritical carbon dioxide (when the circulating liquid carbon dioxide), and the flow rate of liquid carbon dioxide is reduced from the tank 1, but T T is gradually increased tendency, T C following the T T T T , T C, and T PS were kept almost constant. It is considered that the above-mentioned liquid carbon dioxide was kept cooled during circulation, and the original flow rate was immediately recovered at the start of supercritical carbon dioxide supply.

(実施例4)
超臨界二酸化炭素を37分間供給し、その後60分間供給を停止した後、再度供給を行なう間欠供給において供給される超臨界二酸化炭素の流量の変化を測定した。結果を図5に示す。図5における曲線a〜dは図2と同様である。液体定量ポンプは設定最小能力70g/minで稼動させ、実施例3と同様に、超臨界二酸化炭素の供給を一時停止している間も、液体定量ポンプを止めずに、液体二酸化炭素を循環させた。また、実施例3と同様に、超臨界二酸化炭素の供給時および停止時いずれの時にも、冷媒の温度がタンク出口における液体二酸化炭素の温度より15℃低くなるように設定し冷却機2の冷却能力を制御した。ここで、タンク1の初期圧力は1.7MPa、初期のTTは−25℃であった。また、冷却機2の最大冷却能力は3kwであり、初期のTCは−36℃であった。
(Example 4)
Supercritical carbon dioxide was supplied for 37 minutes, after which the supply was stopped for 60 minutes, and then the change in the flow rate of supercritical carbon dioxide supplied in the intermittent supply in which the supply was performed again was measured. The results are shown in FIG. Curves a to d in FIG. 5 are the same as those in FIG. The liquid metering pump is operated at a set minimum capacity of 70 g / min, and the liquid carbon dioxide is circulated without stopping the liquid metering pump while the supply of supercritical carbon dioxide is temporarily stopped as in Example 3. It was. Similarly to Example 3, the temperature of the refrigerant is set to be 15 ° C. lower than the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide at the tank outlet when the supercritical carbon dioxide is supplied or stopped. Control ability. Here, the initial pressure of the tank 1 was 1.7 MPa, and the initial T T was −25 ° C. The maximum cooling capacity of the cooling unit 2 is 3 kw, the initial from T C was -36 ° C..

図5より明らかなように、本実施例においては二酸化炭素の流量が少なく冷媒による冷却効果が小さいため、TPSがTTよりも高くなり、超臨界二酸化炭素の供給開始から約30分間は、TT、TCおよびTPSのいずれもが不安定であった。その後、TT、TCおよびTPSが次第に安定するとともに超臨界二酸化炭素の流量が72g/minで安定したため、超臨界二酸化炭素の供給開始37分経過後に供給を停止すると、直ちに流量が0となり、さらに60分経過後の供給の再開により直ちに流量が72g/minに復帰した。また、復帰後の流量は安定していた。超臨界二酸化炭素の供給停止時(液体二酸化炭素の循環時)に、タンク1からの液体二酸化炭素の流量はより減少するが、TTに追随してTCを制御しているため、TT、TCおよびTPSがほぼ一定に保たれた。循環時における上記の液体二酸化炭素の冷却保持により、超臨界二酸化炭素の供給開始時に直ちにもとの流量に回復できたものと考えられる。 5 As is clear from smaller cooling effect by the refrigerant reduced flow rate of carbon dioxide in this embodiment, T PS is higher than T T, approximately 30 minutes from the start of the supply of the supercritical carbon dioxide, All of T T , T C and T PS were unstable. Thereafter, T T , T C and T PS gradually became stable and the flow rate of supercritical carbon dioxide was stabilized at 72 g / min. Therefore, when the supply was stopped after 37 minutes from the start of supercritical carbon dioxide supply, the flow rate immediately became zero. Furthermore, the flow rate immediately returned to 72 g / min by resuming the supply after 60 minutes. Moreover, the flow rate after the return was stable. The time of stopping supply of the supercritical carbon dioxide (when the circulating liquid carbon dioxide), but decreases more flow rate of the liquid carbon dioxide from the tank 1, since the control T C following the T T, T T , T C and T PS were kept almost constant. It is considered that the above-mentioned liquid carbon dioxide was kept cooled during circulation, and the original flow rate was immediately recovered at the start of supercritical carbon dioxide supply.

(比較例1)
図6を参照して、従来の超臨界二酸化炭素の供給装置においてタンク1として容量150kgの二酸化炭素LGCタンクを用いて、液体流量ポンプ3を設定最大能力750g/minで稼動させ、液体二酸化炭素を圧力25MPa、温度60℃に設定された加熱器4に導入したときに供給される超臨界二酸化炭素の流量の経時変化を測定した。ここで、図6を参照して、従来の超臨界二酸化炭素の供給装置は、液体二酸化炭素を液体定量ポンプ3の出口からタンク1の出口まで返す二酸化炭素循環配管がなく、冷却機2の最大冷却能力は1kwと小さく、TTに関わりなく、冷却機の最大能力で冷却した。
(Comparative Example 1)
Referring to FIG. 6, using a carbon dioxide LGC tank having a capacity of 150 kg as tank 1 in a conventional supercritical carbon dioxide supply device, liquid flow pump 3 is operated at a set maximum capacity of 750 g / min, and liquid carbon dioxide is supplied. The change over time in the flow rate of supercritical carbon dioxide supplied when introduced into the heater 4 set at a pressure of 25 MPa and a temperature of 60 ° C. was measured. Here, referring to FIG. 6, the conventional supercritical carbon dioxide supply device has no carbon dioxide circulation pipe for returning liquid carbon dioxide from the outlet of the liquid metering pump 3 to the outlet of the tank 1, and the maximum of the cooler 2. The cooling capacity was as small as 1 kW, and it was cooled with the maximum capacity of the cooler regardless of T T.

結果を図7に示す。図7において、曲線aはTT(図6における温度センサ121により検出される)の経時変化を示し、曲線b1は冷媒流入温度TCI(図6における温度センサ211により検出される)の経時変化を示し、曲線b2は冷媒戻り温度TCR(図6における温度センサ221により検出される)の経時変化を示し、曲線cはTPS(図6における温度センサ231により検出される)の経時変化を示し、曲線dは超臨界二酸化炭素の流量の経時変化を示し、曲線eはポンプ出口における液体二酸化炭素の温度TPO(図6における温度センサ341により検出される)の経時変化を示す。 The results are shown in FIG. In FIG. 7, a curve a shows a change with time of T T (detected by the temperature sensor 121 in FIG. 6), and a curve b1 shows a change with time of the refrigerant inflow temperature T CI (detected by the temperature sensor 211 in FIG. 6). Curve b2 shows the change over time in the refrigerant return temperature T CR (detected by the temperature sensor 221 in FIG. 6), and curve c shows the change over time in the T PS (detected by the temperature sensor 231 in FIG. 6). The curve d shows the change with time of the flow rate of supercritical carbon dioxide, and the curve e shows the change with time of the temperature T PO of the liquid carbon dioxide at the pump outlet (detected by the temperature sensor 341 in FIG. 6).

ここで、タンク1の初期圧力は1.6MPa、初期のTTは−20℃であった。また、初期のTCIは−8℃、初期のTCRは2℃、初期のTPSは−22℃、初期のTPOは−15℃であった。なお、この超臨界二酸化炭素供給装置が置かれている雰囲気温度は28℃であった。 Here, the initial pressure of the tank 1 was 1.6 MPa, and the initial T T was −20 ° C. Also, early T CI is -8 ° C., early T CR is 2 ° C., early T PS is -22 ° C., the initial T PO was -15 ° C.. The ambient temperature in which this supercritical carbon dioxide supply device was placed was 28 ° C.

図7より明らかなように、本比較例においては、冷却機の冷却能力が低く、また、TCに相当するTCIがTTに比べて高い温度であったため(すなわち、TCIがTTに比べて10℃以上低く制御されてはいないため)、TPSが徐々に高くなり、−20℃より高くなり、超臨界二酸化炭素の供給流量も750g/minから次第に減少し60分経過後には640g/minまで大きく低下した。これは、TTは−20℃以下に維持されていたもののTPSが−20℃より高くなり、液体定量ポンプに入る液体二酸化炭素の一部が気化したため、二酸化炭素供給の定量性および安定性が低下したものと考えられる。 As is clear from FIG. 7, in this comparative example, the cooling capacity of the cooler is low, and T CI corresponding to T C is higher than T T (that is, T CI is T T The TPS gradually increases, becomes higher than −20 ° C., the supercritical carbon dioxide supply flow rate gradually decreases from 750 g / min, and after 60 minutes have elapsed. It greatly decreased to 640 g / min. This is because although T T was maintained at −20 ° C. or lower, T PS became higher than −20 ° C., and a part of the liquid carbon dioxide entering the liquid metering pump was vaporized. Is thought to have been reduced.

本発明にかかる一の超臨界二酸化炭素の供給装置を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the supply apparatus of one supercritical carbon dioxide concerning this invention. 本発明にかかる一の超臨界二酸化炭素の供給装置を用いて、液体定量ポンプを設定最大能力750g/minで稼動させて超臨界二酸化炭素を連続供給したときの結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows a result when supercritical carbon dioxide is continuously supplied by operating a liquid metering pump at a set maximum capacity of 750 g / min using one supercritical carbon dioxide supply apparatus according to the present invention. 本発明にかかる一の超臨界二酸化炭素の供給装置を用いて、液体定量ポンプを設定最小能力70g/minで稼動させて超臨界二酸化炭素を連続供給したときの結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows a result when supercritical carbon dioxide is continuously supplied by operating a liquid metering pump at a set minimum capacity of 70 g / min using one supercritical carbon dioxide supply apparatus according to the present invention. 本発明にかかる一の超臨界二酸化炭素の供給装置を用いて、液体定量ポンプを設定最大能力750g/minで稼動させて超臨界二酸化炭素を間欠供給したときの結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows a result when supercritical carbon dioxide is intermittently supplied by operating a liquid metering pump at a set maximum capacity of 750 g / min using one supercritical carbon dioxide supply apparatus according to the present invention. 本発明にかかる一の超臨界二酸化炭素の供給装置を用いて、液体定量ポンプを設定最小能力70g/minで稼動させて超臨界二酸化炭素を間欠供給したときの結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows a result when supercritical carbon dioxide is intermittently supplied by operating a liquid metering pump at a set minimum capacity of 70 g / min using one supercritical carbon dioxide supply device according to the present invention. 従来の超臨界二酸化炭素の供給装置を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the conventional supercritical carbon dioxide supply apparatus. 従来の超臨界二酸化炭素の供給装置を用いて、液体定量ポンプを設定最大能力750g/minで稼動させて超臨界二酸化炭素を連続供給したときの結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows a result when supercritical carbon dioxide is continuously supplied by operating a liquid metering pump at a set maximum capacity of 750 g / min using a conventional supercritical carbon dioxide supply device. 二酸化炭素のエンタルピー−圧力曲線図である。It is an enthalpy-pressure curve figure of a carbon dioxide.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 タンク、2 冷却機、3 液体定量ポンプ、4 加熱器、12,23,34,40 二酸化炭素供給配管、20 冷媒、21,22 冷媒循環配管、30 ポンプ冷却フード、31 二酸化炭素循環配管、104,214,224 しぼり弁、121,201,211,221,231,341,401 温度センサ、122,342,402 圧力センサ、311,411 保圧弁、312,332 逆止弁。   1 tank, 2 cooler, 3 liquid metering pump, 4 heater, 12, 23, 34, 40 carbon dioxide supply pipe, 20 refrigerant, 21, 22 refrigerant circulation pipe, 30 pump cooling hood, 31 carbon dioxide circulation pipe, 104 , 214, 224 Squeezing valve, 121, 201, 211, 211, 231, 231, 341, 401 Temperature sensor, 122, 342, 402 Pressure sensor, 311, 411 Holding valve, 312, 332 Check valve.

Claims (3)

液体二酸化炭素が充填されたLGCタンクから超臨界二酸化炭素を供給する方法であって、
前記タンクから液体二酸化炭素を取り出す工程と、前記液体二酸化炭素を冷媒に接触させることにより冷却し、冷却された前記液体二酸化炭素を液体状態のままで液体定量ポンプを用いて加熱器に導入する工程と、前記加熱器において前記液体二酸化炭素を超臨界二酸化炭素に変えて、前記超臨界二酸化炭素を供給する工程とを含み、
前記冷媒の温度T C を、前記タンクの出口における前記液体二酸化炭素の温度T T の変動に応じて、T C とT T との温度差T D =T T −T C が一定で、かつ、T D ≧10℃となるように制御することを特徴とする超臨界二酸化炭素の供給方法。
A method of supplying supercritical carbon dioxide from an LGC tank filled with liquid carbon dioxide,
A step of taking out liquid carbon dioxide from the tank, a step of cooling the liquid carbon dioxide by bringing it into contact with a refrigerant, and a step of introducing the cooled liquid carbon dioxide into a heater using a liquid metering pump in a liquid state And changing the liquid carbon dioxide to supercritical carbon dioxide in the heater and supplying the supercritical carbon dioxide,
The temperature difference T D = T T −T C between T C and T T is constant according to the temperature T T of the liquid carbon dioxide at the outlet of the tank, and the temperature T C of the refrigerant is constant. A method for supplying supercritical carbon dioxide, wherein T D ≧ 10 ° C. is controlled .
前記冷媒の温度TCを−50℃以上に制御することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の超臨界二酸化炭素の供給方法。 The method for supplying supercritical carbon dioxide according to claim 1, wherein the temperature T C of the refrigerant is controlled to be −50 ° C. or higher. 前記超臨界二酸化炭素の供給の停止時において、前記タンクから前記液体二酸化炭素を取り出し、取り出された前記液体二酸化炭素を前記タンクの出口まで循環させる工程をさらに含む請求項1または請求項2に記載の超臨界二酸化炭素の供給方法。3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a step of taking out the liquid carbon dioxide from the tank and circulating the taken-out liquid carbon dioxide to an outlet of the tank when the supply of the supercritical carbon dioxide is stopped. Supply method of supercritical carbon dioxide.
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