JP4289722B2 - Metal surface treatment method, etc. - Google Patents
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- JP4289722B2 JP4289722B2 JP14634599A JP14634599A JP4289722B2 JP 4289722 B2 JP4289722 B2 JP 4289722B2 JP 14634599 A JP14634599 A JP 14634599A JP 14634599 A JP14634599 A JP 14634599A JP 4289722 B2 JP4289722 B2 JP 4289722B2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ステンレス鋼または鉄を主成分とする金属の表面の処理方法及び合成樹脂の製造装置及びそれを使用する合成樹脂の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
合成樹脂を製造する際、重合体が重合装置に付着、滞留して変性することにより、単量体、重合溶媒、重合体に不溶化し、重合装置内にスケールとして蓄積するという問題がある。この重合装置内に生成したスケールが蓄積することにより、装置の熱伝導効率が低下し、安定に重合体が得られなくなるばかりでなく、スケールが徐々に剥離し製品中に混入することによって、その合成樹脂を用いた成形品に銀条痕が発生したり、製品の色調が悪化するといった外観品質の悪化を引き起こす。
【0003】
従来ビニル系単量体の重合における重合体スケール付着防止方法として、例えば特定の極性化合物(特公昭45−30343号公報)、芳香族アミン化合物(特開昭51−50887号公報)、芳香族アミン化合物の縮合物(特公昭60−30681号公報)、アミノナフタレン化合物の縮合物をスルホン化して得られる金属塩/又はアンモニウム塩とシリカゾルを含有するもの(特開平9−87304号公報)等をスケール付着防止剤として反応器に塗布する方法が知られている。
【0004】
ところが、これら従来のスケール付着防止剤を塗布する方法ではスチレン、アクリロニトリル、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル等の重合を行う際、皮膜物質のこれらの単量体に対する溶解度が大きいため、長期及び繰り返し使用における耐久性が十分とはいえない。また、これらの単量体を高濃度で使用する塊状重合や溶液重合では耐久性が更に低下する。また、溶出した皮膜物質が不純物となり、製品の品質を低下させる可能性がある。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は、合成樹脂の製造において重合装置内のスケールの付着を防止し、長期あるいは繰り返し使用してもスケール付着防止機能が低下することの無い安定な皮膜を形成するための金属表面処理方法及びこの処理を施した重合装置及びこの装置を使用する重合体の製造方法を提供することである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、物理的、化学的に安定な皮膜について鋭意検討した結果、アルカリ金属の水酸化物の水溶液、又はアルカリ金属の水酸化物の水溶液に有機溶剤を混合してなる混合液(以下、処理液という)により、ステンレス鋼または鉄を主成分とする金属表面を処理することにより、上記課題を解決出来ることを見い出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0007】
すなわち、本発明は、
1.pHが8以上のアルカリ金属の水酸化物の水溶液により、ステンレス鋼または鉄を主成分とする金属の表面を150〜200℃の温度で加熱処理して、金属表面に皮膜を形成する金属表面の処理方法であって、該金属表面の処理方法が、合成樹脂の重合装置内のスケールの付着を防止する処理方法であることを特徴とする金属表面の処理方法、
2.1.に記載の金属表面の処理方法に続いて、更に非水溶性溶媒と接触せしめながら100〜150℃で加熱処理することを特徴とする金属表面の処理方法、
3.上記1.又は2.に記載の金属表面処理方法により金属表面に形成された皮膜層と、母材であるステンレス鋼または鉄を主成分とする金属とからなることを特徴とする金属系複合材料、
4.合成樹脂を製造するための製造装置であって、重合反応器及び/又は原料や反応器を出た重合体を含む液体が接触する部分の一部またはすべてが、3.に記載の金属系複合材料からなることを特徴とする、合成樹脂の製造装置、
5.4.に記載の製造装置を使用することを特徴とする合成樹脂の製造方法、
6.5.に記載の製造方法において、合成樹脂が不飽和ニトリル及び芳香族ビニルを含む単量体から合成された樹脂であることを特徴とする合成樹脂の製造方法、である。
【0008】
処理液中のアルカリ金属の水酸化物の水溶液はPH8以上であれば、アルカリ金属の水酸化物の量に特に制限されないが、少な過ぎると、目的の皮膜を形成するには非常に長期間を要し、好ましくない。アルカリ金属の水酸化物の量は0.1重量%以上が好ましい。またPHが8以下では目的の皮膜を形成するには非常に長期間を要し、好ましくない。PHが9以上が好ましい。
【0009】
処理温度は50℃以上で、好ましくは50〜200℃、更に好ましくは90〜180℃の範囲である。50℃未満では目的とする皮膜を形成するには非常に長期間を要し、好ましくない。また200℃以上の場合は、反応速度が早く、均一な皮膜や膜厚を制御することが難しくなり、好ましくない。
【0010】
非水溶性液体(a)とアルカリ金属の水酸化物(b)の重量比は(a):(b)=100:0.01〜10.0であり、好ましくは(a):(b)=100:0.1〜5.0の範囲である。(b)が0.01未満の場合、目的とする皮膜を得るためには非常に長期間を要し、効率的ではない。また10.0以上の場合は、金属表面の腐食が早く、好ましくない。
【0011】
表面処理液としては、アルカリ金属の水酸化物の水溶液そのものよりは、有機溶剤を添加した処理液の方が好ましい。有機溶剤を添加することで低濃度のアルカリ金属の水酸化物で均一な皮膜を得ることができる。しかし、アルカリ金属の水酸化物の水溶液のみで処理した場合、高濃度のアルカリ金属の水酸化物の水溶液で均一な皮膜を得ることができるが、この場合、装置に付随するシーリング材等の他の金属が腐食する恐れがあり、更には処理液の後処理、例えば中和処理等についやす負荷が大きくなり、好ましくない。また低濃度のアルカリ金属の水酸化物の水溶液では反応温度が高温且つ反応時間を長時間要し、得られる皮膜も斑が多く、好ましくない。
前記表面処理に続いて、更に非水溶性溶媒と接触せしめながら100〜150℃で加熱処理すると、スケール付着防止機能がより向上した皮膜が得られるのでより好ましい。
【0012】
表面処理した反応器を用いてモノマーを重合しポリマーを得る場合、反応器表面にアルカリ金属の水酸化物が残存した場合、生成したポリマーの色調を悪くする場合がある。表面処理後に残存したアルカリ金属の水酸化物を除去することが好ましい。その方法は目的を達成出来る方法であれば特に制限はなく、水などのアルカリ金属の水酸化物を溶解する液体で溶解洗浄しても良く、また機械的な拭きあげなどで除去しても良い。
【0013】
上記有機溶剤とは特に制限されるものではないが、例えばメタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、ブタノール、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、エチルベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、シクロペンタノン、シクロヘキサノン、モノエタノールアミン、ジエタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミン、ジメチルスルホキシドなどが好ましく、またこれらの混合物でも良い。
【0014】
上記アルカリ金属の水酸化物とは水酸化リチウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化マグネシウム、水酸化セシウムなどがあげられるが、好ましくは水酸化ナトリウムが用いられる。
【0015】
上記ステンレス鋼とは、例えばSUS316、SUS316L、SUS304、SUS304L[JIS]といった、通常重合装置などに使用されているものであり、特にこれらに限定するものではない。
【0016】
上記鉄を主成分とする金属とは、炭素鋼で、例えばSGP、STPG(38)、SB(42、46、46M)、SF(40、45、50)、SS(41)[JIS]などで、特にこれらに限定するものではない。
【0017】
また本発明は、上記表面処理液による表面処理により金属表面に形成された皮膜層と、母材であるステンレス鋼または鉄を主成分とする金属からなる金属系複合材料である。更には合成樹脂を製造するための製造装置であって、重合反応器及び/又は反応器を出た重合体を含む液体が接触する部分の一部またはすべてが、上記の皮膜層と、母材であるステンレス鋼または鉄を主成分とする金属からなる金属系複合材料であることを特徴とする、合成樹脂の製造装置である。更にこの製造装置を使用することを特徴とする合成樹脂の製造方法である。
【0018】
本発明における合成樹脂を製造するための製造装置とは、塊状重合、溶液重合、懸濁重合、乳化重合等の重合装置であり、連続的に重合体を製造する装置であっても、バッチ式の重合装置であっても良い。
【0019】
本発明における合成樹脂とは、例えば、ポリスチレン、アクリロニトリル−スチレン共重合体、PMMA、ABS樹脂、塩化ビニル、ポリオキシメチレン、ポリアミド、合成ゴム等、各種の単量体を重合して得られる樹脂のことである。
【0020】
また、重合方法は塊状重合、溶液重合、懸濁重合、乳化重合等、重合方法にとらわれないが、本発明における表面処理で生成した皮膜は単量体及び重合溶媒として用いられる有機溶剤に対して優れた耐久性を有するため、スチレン、アクリロニトリル、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル、(メタ)アクリル酸、酢酸ビニル等の、従来のスケール付着防止用皮膜物質に対し溶解度の高い単量体を用いて溶液重合法、または塊状重合法によって重合する際に、特にその特徴を発揮する。
【0021】
本発明おける合成樹脂の製造装置とは、原料タンク、移送配管、ポンプ、反応器、樹脂精製回収装置等があげられる。
【0022】
重合反応器に表面処理により上記皮膜を形成する場合には、重合溶液が接触する部分、例えば重合反応器内壁、攪拌翼、攪拌シャフト、ボルト、ナット等に限らず、重合体スケールが付着する可能性のある部分に、表面処理を施して上記皮膜を形成することが望ましい。
【0023】
また原料や反応器を出た重合体を含む液体が接触する部分とは、例えば反応器を出た重合体を含む液体を、他の反応器や他の工程に移送する配管や、未反応モノマーや溶媒等の除去装置、バルブ、ポンプ、コンデンサー、モノマータンク等が挙げられる。
【0024】
本発明の表面処理を製造装置に施す手順は特に限定されるものではないが、例えば次ぎの様な手順で実施出来る。
【0025】
最初に製造装置内に表面処理液を張り込み、この液を攪拌や循環等により均一に混合し、熱媒等により所定の温度まで加熱する。続いて表面処理液を払い出し、更に非水溶性溶媒と接触せしめながら100〜150℃で加熱処理して又はせずして、処理表面に残留したアルカリ金属の水酸化物を洗浄除去する。洗浄の方法は特に制限されるものではなく、アルカリ金属の水酸化物を溶解出来る液体を張り込んだ状態で攪拌、循環、静置等した後、装置から払い出す方法や、表面処理された装置表面を機械的に拭きあげて洗浄してもよい。
【0026】
本発明の製造方法でいう不飽和ニトリル及び芳香族ビニル単量体を含む合成樹脂とは、不飽和ニトリル単量体がアクリロニトリル、メタクリロニトリル、芳香族ビニル単量体がスチレン、αーメチルスチレン等からなる共重合体ポリマーをいい、これら単量体に共重合可能な単量体、例えば、ブチルアクリレート、メチルメタクリレート、ブチルメタクリレート、メチルアクリレート等の(メタ)アクリル酸エステルやN−フェニルマレイミド等を適宜添加してもよい。
【0027】
また、重合開始剤として、有機過酸化物は、1,1−Bis(t−Butylperoxy)3,3,5−trimethyl cyclohexane、1,1−Bis(t−Butylperoxy)cyclohexane、t−Butylperoxy benzoate、t−Butylperoxy 2ーethyl hexanoate、Di−t−Butylperoxide、t−Butylperoxy isopropyl mono−carbonate等、アゾ開始剤は、2,2’−Azobis−isobutyronitrile、 2,2’−Azobis−2−methylbutyronitrile、 1,1’−Azobis−1−cyclohexane carbonitrile等を用いることができ、これらに限定するものではないが、重合体のスケール防止には特にアゾ開始剤が良い。
【0028】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明を詳細に説明する。
処理液のPH測定:ペーハー試験紙でPHを測定した。
【0029】
重合体スケール付着防止剤皮膜の評価方法:反応器と同じ材質の5cm×3cm)のテストピースを反応器内壁に取り付け、テストピースに形成された皮膜の状態を目視により観察すると共に、皮膜が形成されたテストピースの断面を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)により観察し、皮膜の厚みを測定した。
【0030】
重合体スケール付着量の評価方法:60日間運転した後、反応器を開放し、反応器壁面の30cm×30cmの範囲に付着した重合体スケールを掻き取る。掻き取ったスケールのうち、メチルエチルケトン(MEK)可溶分を溶解、分離して除去する。残ったMEK不溶分を乾燥し、重量を測定した。
【0031】
製品中のゲル濃度測定:110℃で1時間乾燥し、デシケーター中で冷却した孔径2.5μmのフィルターの重量(x)を予め秤量しておく。製品として得られた重合体約20g(y)をメチルエチルケトン(MEK)に5重量%の濃度で溶解し、上記フィルターにより濾過する。フィルターを110℃で1時間乾燥し、デシケーター中で冷却し、重量(z)を秤量する。重量増加から製品中のMEK不溶分(ゲル)を(2)式により算出する。
【0032】
製品の色調測定:製品として得られた重合体から、縦5cm×横9cm×厚さ2.5mmの成形品を成形し、その成形品4枚を厚み方向に重ね、JISK7105−1981に準拠した方法によりイエローインデックス(Y.I)を測定した。
【0033】
(実施例1〜4、参考例1〜6)
ステンレス鋼316よりなる100Lの反応器を用い、表ー1に示す処理液、処理温度、処理時間で反応器内壁を表面処理した。処理液を排出後、水洗し、反応器表面の皮膜の形成状態を観察した。結果を表1に示す。
【0034】
(参考例7)
鋼材(SS41)よりなる100Lの反応器を用い、表ー1に示す処理液、処理温度、処理時間で反応器内壁を表面処理した。処理液を排出後、水洗し、反応器表面の皮膜の形成状態を観察した。結果を表1に示す。
【0035】
(比較例1)
表面処理温度を25℃で実施した以外は、実施例2と同様の方法で反応器内壁を表面処理し、反応器表面の皮膜の形成状態を観察した。結果を表1に示す。
【0036】
(比較例2)
表面処理温度を25℃で実施した以外は、実施例7と同様の方法で反応器内壁を表面処理し、反応器表面の皮膜の形成状態を観察した。結果を表1に示す。
【0037】
(比較例3)
ステンレス鋼316よりなる100Lの反応器を用い、表ー1に示す処理液、処理温度、処理時間で反応器内壁を表面処理した。処理液を排出後、水洗し、反応器表面の皮膜の形成状態を観察した。結果を表1に示す。
【0038】
(実施例5)
実施例1の方法で表面処理した反応器を用い、重合温度135℃、モノマーとしてアクリロニトリル21wt. %、スチレンモノマー49wt. %、重合溶媒30wt. %、重合開始剤としてt−Butylperoxy isopropylmono−carbonate0.03重量部使用し、アクリロニトリル−スチレン共重合体を連続溶液重合により製造し、製品中のゲル濃度が30ppm以下の製品が得られる期間、60日間運転した後の反応器壁面への重合体スケール付着量、製品の色調を測定、また皮膜の状態を観察、結果を表2に示す。
【0039】
(参考例8)
参考例1の方法で表面処理した反応器を用いた以外は、実施例5と同様の方法で実施した。結果を表ー2に示す。
【0040】
(参考例9)
参考例2の方法で表面処理した反応器を用いた以外は、実施例5と同様の方法で実施した。結果を表ー2に示す。
【0041】
(参考例10)
参考例3の方法で表面処理した反応器を用いた以外は、実施例5と同様の方法で実施した。結果を表ー2に示す。
【0042】
(参考例11)
重合開始剤として、1,1−Bis(t−Butylperoxy)3,3,5−trimethylcyclohexaneを用いた以外は、参考例10と同様の方法で実施した。結果を表ー2に示す。
【0043】
(参考例12)
重合開始剤として、2,2’−Azobis−2−methylbutyronitrileを用いた以外は、参考例10と同様の方法で実施した。結果を表ー2に示す。
【0044】
(参考例13)重合開始剤として、t−Butylperoxy2−ethylhexanoateを用いた以外は、参考例10と同様の方法で実施した。結果を表ー2に示す。
【0045】
(参考例14)
重合開始剤として、t−Butylperoxybenzoateを用いた以外は、参考例10と同様の方法で実施した。結果を表ー2に示す。
【0046】
(参考例15)
参考例10の方法で、重合開始剤を使用せず、重合温度150℃にした以外は、同様の方法で実施した。結果を表ー2に示す。
【0047】
(参考例16)
参考例4の方法で表面処理した反応器を用いた以外は、参考例10と同様の方法で実施した。結果を表ー2に示す。
【0048】
(参考例17)
参考例7の方法で表面処理した反応器を用いた以外は、参考例10と同様の方法で実施した。結果を表ー2に示す。
【0049】
(比較例4)
表面処理をしない、バフ400番をかけた反応器を用いた以外は、参考例10と同様の方法で実施した。結果を表ー2に示す。
【0050】
(比較例5)
比較例1の方法で表面処理した反応器を用いた以外は、参考例10と同様の方法で実施した。結果を表ー2に示す。
【0051】
(比較例6)
比較例2の方法で表面処理した反応器を用いた以外は、参考例10と同様の方法で実施した。結果を表ー2に示す。
【0052】
(比較例7)
比較例3の方法で表面処理した反応器を用いた以外は、参考例10と同様の方法で実施した。結果を表ー2に示す。
【表1】
【0053】
【表2】
【0054】
【発明の効果】
本発明の金属表面処理方法により、金属の表面に均一に物理的、化学的に安定な皮膜を有する金属系の複合材料を得ることができ、この材料を重合装置の表面に施すことにより、重合体のスケール付着を長期にわたって防止できる。皮膜の状態は重合実施後においても変化は無いため、長期または繰り返し使用しても、その効果を発揮することが出来る。また、本発明の皮膜を有する製造装置において、ゲルの混入が少なく、且つ色調が良好な合成樹脂を得ることが出来る。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for treating the surface of a metal mainly composed of stainless steel or iron, a synthetic resin production apparatus, and a synthetic resin production method using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
When a synthetic resin is produced, there is a problem in that the polymer adheres to, stays in the polymerization apparatus and is denatured, so that it becomes insoluble in the monomer, the polymerization solvent, and the polymer and accumulates as a scale in the polymerization apparatus. Accumulation of the scale generated in this polymerization apparatus not only reduces the heat conduction efficiency of the apparatus and makes it impossible to stably obtain a polymer, but also the scale gradually peels off and mixes in the product, Deterioration of the appearance quality such as generation of silver marks on the molded product using the synthetic resin or deterioration of the color tone of the product is caused.
[0003]
Conventional methods for preventing adhesion of polymer scale in the polymerization of vinyl monomers include, for example, specific polar compounds (Japanese Patent Publication No. 45-30343), aromatic amine compounds (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 51-50887), aromatic amines. Condensates of compounds (Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-30681), those containing a metal salt / ammonium salt obtained by sulfonation of a condensate of an aminonaphthalene compound and silica sol (JP-A-9-87304), etc. A method of applying to a reactor as an adhesion preventing agent is known.
[0004]
However, in the conventional method of applying the scale adhesion preventing agent, when polymerizing styrene, acrylonitrile, (meth) acrylic acid ester, etc., the solubility of the coating substance in these monomers is large, so that it can be used for long-term and repeated use. The durability is not sufficient. Moreover, durability is further reduced in bulk polymerization or solution polymerization in which these monomers are used at a high concentration. In addition, the eluted film substance becomes an impurity, which may reduce the quality of the product.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The object of the present invention is to prevent the adhesion of the scale in the polymerization apparatus in the production of a synthetic resin, and to perform a metal surface treatment for forming a stable film without deterioration of the scale adhesion preventing function even if used for a long time or repeatedly. It is intended to provide a method, a polymerization apparatus subjected to this treatment, and a method for producing a polymer using this apparatus.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies on a physically and chemically stable film, the present inventors have found that an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide or a mixed solution obtained by mixing an organic solvent with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide ( The present inventors have found that the above problems can be solved by treating a metal surface mainly composed of stainless steel or iron with a treatment liquid), and have completed the present invention.
[0007]
That is, the present invention
1. An aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide having a pH of 8 or higher is used to heat-treat the surface of a metal mainly composed of stainless steel or iron at a temperature of 150 to 200 ° C. to form a film on the metal surface. A method for treating a metal surface, wherein the method for treating a metal surface is a treatment method for preventing adhesion of scale in a polymerization apparatus for synthetic resin ,
2.1. Following the method for treating a metal surface described in 1., a method for treating a metal surface, wherein the metal surface is further heat-treated at 100 to 150 ° C. while being in contact with a water-insoluble solvent,
3 . Above 1. Or 2. A metal-based composite material comprising: a coating layer formed on a metal surface by the metal surface treatment method according to 1), and a metal mainly composed of stainless steel or iron as a base material,
4 . Synthetic resin A manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing a part or all parts of the liquid containing the polymerization reactor and / or raw materials or reactor exit polymer contact is 3. An apparatus for producing a synthetic resin, comprising the metal-based composite material described in
5 . 4 . A method for producing a synthetic resin, characterized by using the production apparatus according to claim 1,
6 . 5 . The method for producing a synthetic resin, wherein the synthetic resin is a resin synthesized from a monomer containing an unsaturated nitrile and an aromatic vinyl.
[0008]
If the aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide in the treatment solution is PH8 or higher, the amount of alkali metal hydroxide is not particularly limited, but if it is too small, it takes a very long time to form the desired film. It is not preferable. The amount of the alkali metal hydroxide is preferably 0.1% by weight or more. On the other hand, if the pH is 8 or less, it takes a very long time to form the desired film, which is not preferable. The PH is preferably 9 or more.
[0009]
Processing temperature is 50 degreeC or more, Preferably it is 50-200 degreeC, More preferably, it is the range of 90-180 degreeC. If it is less than 50 ° C., it takes a very long time to form the desired film, which is not preferable. When the temperature is 200 ° C. or higher, the reaction rate is high and it is difficult to control a uniform film or film thickness, which is not preferable.
[0010]
The weight ratio of the water-insoluble liquid (a) to the alkali metal hydroxide (b) is (a) :( b) = 100: 0.01-10.0, preferably (a) :( b) = 100: 0.1 to 5.0. When (b) is less than 0.01, it takes a very long time to obtain the target film, which is not efficient. Moreover, when it is 10.0 or more, corrosion of a metal surface is quick and is not preferable.
[0011]
As the surface treatment liquid, a treatment liquid to which an organic solvent is added is preferable to an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide. By adding an organic solvent, a uniform film can be obtained with a low concentration of alkali metal hydroxide. However, when treated only with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide, a uniform film can be obtained with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide at a high concentration. Further, there is a risk that the metal of the metal may corrode, and further, the load that is easily attached to the post-treatment of the treatment liquid, for example, the neutralization treatment is increased. Further, an aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide having a low concentration is not preferable because the reaction temperature is high and the reaction time is long, and the resulting film has many spots.
Subsequent to the surface treatment, a heat treatment at 100 to 150 ° C. while further contacting with a water-insoluble solvent is more preferable because a film with a further improved scale adhesion preventing function can be obtained.
[0012]
When a monomer is polymerized using a surface-treated reactor to obtain a polymer, if the alkali metal hydroxide remains on the reactor surface, the color tone of the produced polymer may be deteriorated. It is preferable to remove the alkali metal hydroxide remaining after the surface treatment. The method is not particularly limited as long as the object can be achieved, and may be dissolved and washed with a liquid that dissolves an alkali metal hydroxide such as water, or may be removed by mechanical wiping. .
[0013]
Although the organic solvent is not particularly limited, for example, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethylbenzene, toluene, xylene, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, dimethyl A sulfoxide or the like is preferable, and a mixture thereof may be used.
[0014]
Examples of the alkali metal hydroxide include lithium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and cesium hydroxide. Sodium hydroxide is preferably used.
[0015]
The stainless steel is, for example, normally used in a polymerization apparatus such as SUS316, SUS316L, SUS304, SUS304L [JIS], and is not particularly limited thereto.
[0016]
The iron-based metal is carbon steel, such as SGP, STPG (38), SB (42, 46, 46M), SF (40, 45, 50), SS (41) [JIS], and the like. However, it is not limited to these.
[0017]
Further, the present invention is a metal composite material comprising a coating layer formed on a metal surface by the surface treatment with the surface treatment liquid and a metal mainly composed of stainless steel or iron as a base material. Furthermore, it is a manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing a synthetic resin, and a part or all of a portion where a polymerization reactor and / or a liquid containing a polymer exiting the reactor comes into contact with the above-described coating layer and base material An apparatus for producing a synthetic resin, which is a metal-based composite material made of a metal mainly composed of stainless steel or iron. Furthermore, it is a manufacturing method of a synthetic resin characterized by using this manufacturing apparatus.
[0018]
The production apparatus for producing the synthetic resin in the present invention is a polymerization apparatus such as bulk polymerization, solution polymerization, suspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization, etc., even if it is an apparatus for continuously producing a polymer, it is a batch type. The polymerization apparatus may be used.
[0019]
The synthetic resin in the present invention is a resin obtained by polymerizing various monomers such as polystyrene, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer, PMMA, ABS resin, vinyl chloride, polyoxymethylene, polyamide, and synthetic rubber. That is.
[0020]
The polymerization method is not limited to the polymerization method such as bulk polymerization, solution polymerization, suspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization, etc., but the film produced by the surface treatment in the present invention is based on the monomer and the organic solvent used as the polymerization solvent. Because it has excellent durability, it uses a monomer that has high solubility in conventional coating materials for preventing scale adhesion, such as styrene, acrylonitrile, (meth) acrylic acid ester, (meth) acrylic acid, and vinyl acetate. The characteristics are particularly exhibited when polymerization is performed by a polymerization method or a bulk polymerization method.
[0021]
Examples of the synthetic resin production apparatus in the present invention include a raw material tank, a transfer pipe, a pump, a reactor, and a resin purification and recovery apparatus.
[0022]
When the above film is formed by surface treatment on the polymerization reactor, the polymer scale is not limited to the portion where the polymerization solution contacts, for example, the inner wall of the polymerization reactor, the stirring blade, the stirring shaft, the bolt, and the nut. It is desirable to form the above-mentioned film by performing a surface treatment on the characteristic part.
[0023]
In addition, the portion in contact with the liquid containing the polymer exiting the raw material and the reactor is, for example, a pipe for transferring the liquid containing the polymer exiting the reactor to another reactor or another process, or an unreacted monomer. And solvent removal devices, valves, pumps, condensers, monomer tanks, and the like.
[0024]
Although the procedure for applying the surface treatment of the present invention to the production apparatus is not particularly limited, for example, it can be carried out by the following procedure.
[0025]
First, a surface treatment liquid is put into the production apparatus, the liquid is uniformly mixed by stirring, circulation, or the like, and heated to a predetermined temperature with a heating medium or the like. Subsequently, the surface treatment solution is discharged, and further, the alkali metal hydroxide remaining on the treated surface is removed by washing with or without heat treatment at 100 to 150 ° C. while being in contact with a non-aqueous solvent. The method of cleaning is not particularly limited, and is a method of dispensing from a device after stirring, circulating, or standing in a state where a liquid capable of dissolving an alkali metal hydroxide is placed, or a surface-treated device The surface may be mechanically wiped and cleaned.
[0026]
The synthetic resin containing an unsaturated nitrile and an aromatic vinyl monomer as used in the production method of the present invention means that the unsaturated nitrile monomer is acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, the aromatic vinyl monomer is styrene, α-methylstyrene or the like. A copolymer copolymerizable with these monomers, for example, (meth) acrylic acid ester such as butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, N-phenylmaleimide, etc. It may be added.
[0027]
Further, as the polymerization initiator, organic peroxides are 1,1-Bis (t-Butylperoxy) 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 1,1-Bis (t-Butylperoxy) cyclohexane, t-Butylperoxybenzoate, t. -Butylperoxy 2-ethyl hexanoate, Di-t-Butylperoxide, t-Butylperoxyisopropyl mono-carboniate, etc. '-Azobis-1-cyclohexane carbonitril can be used, and this But it is not limited to, in particular azo initiators is good scale preventing polymer.
[0028]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by way of examples.
PH measurement of treatment liquid: PH was measured with a pH test paper.
[0029]
Evaluation method for polymer scale adhesion prevention coating: A test piece of the same material as the reactor (5 cm x 3 cm) is attached to the inner wall of the reactor, and the state of the coating formed on the test piece is visually observed and a coating is formed. The cross section of the test piece was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the thickness of the film was measured.
[0030]
Evaluation method of polymer scale adhesion amount: After operating for 60 days, the reactor is opened, and the polymer scale adhering to the range of 30 cm × 30 cm on the reactor wall surface is scraped off. The methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) soluble component is dissolved and separated from the scraped scale and removed. The remaining MEK insoluble matter was dried and weighed.
[0031]
Measurement of gel concentration in product: The weight (x) of a filter having a pore size of 2.5 μm dried for 1 hour at 110 ° C. and cooled in a desiccator is weighed in advance. About 20 g (y) of the polymer obtained as a product is dissolved in methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) at a concentration of 5% by weight and filtered through the filter. The filter is dried at 110 ° C. for 1 hour, cooled in a desiccator and weighed (z). From the weight increase, MEK insoluble matter (gel) in the product is calculated by the formula (2).
[0032]
Measurement of product color tone: A molded product having a length of 5 cm, a width of 9 cm, and a thickness of 2.5 mm is formed from the polymer obtained as a product, and the four molded products are stacked in the thickness direction, and a method in accordance with JISK7105-1981. Was used to measure the yellow index (Y.I).
[0033]
(Examples 1-4, Reference Examples 1-6 )
Using a 100 L reactor made of stainless steel 316, the inner wall of the reactor was surface-treated with the treatment liquid, treatment temperature, and treatment time shown in Table-1. After discharging the treatment liquid, it was washed with water, and the state of film formation on the reactor surface was observed. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0034]
( Reference Example 7 )
Using a 100 L reactor made of steel (SS41), the inner wall of the reactor was surface-treated with the treatment liquid, treatment temperature, and treatment time shown in Table-1. After discharging the treatment liquid, it was washed with water, and the state of film formation on the reactor surface was observed. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0035]
(Comparative Example 1)
The inner wall of the reactor was surface-treated in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the surface treatment temperature was 25 ° C., and the film formation state on the reactor surface was observed. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0036]
(Comparative Example 2)
The inner wall of the reactor was surface-treated in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the surface treatment temperature was 25 ° C., and the film formation state on the reactor surface was observed. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0037]
(Comparative Example 3)
Using a 100 L reactor made of stainless steel 316, the inner wall of the reactor was surface-treated with the treatment liquid, treatment temperature, and treatment time shown in Table-1. After discharging the treatment liquid, it was washed with water, and the state of film formation on the reactor surface was observed. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0038]
(Example 5 )
Using the reactor surface-treated by the method of Example 1, the polymerization temperature was 135 ° C., the monomer was 21 wt.%, The styrene monomer was 49 wt.%, The polymerization solvent was 30 wt. The amount of polymer scale deposited on the reactor wall after 60 days of operation, in which acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer is produced by continuous solution polymerization using parts by weight and a product with a gel concentration of 30 ppm or less is obtained. The color tone of the product was measured, the state of the film was observed, and the results are shown in Table 2.
[0039]
( Reference Example 8 )
The same procedure as in Example 5 was performed except that the reactor surface-treated by the method of Reference Example 1 was used. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0040]
( Reference Example 9 )
The same procedure as in Example 5 was performed except that the reactor surface-treated by the method of Reference Example 2 was used. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0041]
( Reference Example 10 )
The same procedure as in Example 5 was performed except that the reactor surface-treated by the method of Reference Example 3 was used. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0042]
( Reference Example 11 )
The same procedure as in Reference Example 10 was performed except that 1,1-Bis (t-Butylperoxy) 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane was used as the polymerization initiator. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0043]
( Reference Example 12 )
The same procedure as in Reference Example 10 was performed except that 2,2′-Azobis-2-methylbutyronitrile was used as the polymerization initiator. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0044]
( Reference example 13 ) It implemented by the method similar to the reference example 10 except having used t-Butylperoxy2-ethylhexanoate as a polymerization initiator. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0045]
( Reference Example 14 )
The same procedure as in Reference Example 10 was carried out except that t-Butylperoxybenzoate was used as the polymerization initiator. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0046]
( Reference Example 15 )
The method of Reference Example 10 was carried out in the same manner except that the polymerization initiator was not used and the polymerization temperature was 150 ° C. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0047]
( Reference Example 16 )
The same procedure as in Reference Example 10 was performed except that the reactor surface-treated by the method of Reference Example 4 was used. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0048]
( Reference Example 17 )
The same procedure as in Reference Example 10 was performed except that the reactor surface-treated by the method of Reference Example 7 was used. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0049]
(Comparative Example 4)
It was carried out in the same manner as in Reference Example 10 except that a reactor without surface treatment and using a buff No. 400 was used. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0050]
(Comparative Example 5)
The same procedure as in Reference Example 10 was carried out except that the reactor surface-treated by the method of Comparative Example 1 was used. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0051]
(Comparative Example 6)
The same procedure as in Reference Example 10 was performed except that the reactor surface-treated by the method of Comparative Example 2 was used. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0052]
(Comparative Example 7)
The same procedure as in Reference Example 10 was performed except that the reactor surface-treated by the method of Comparative Example 3 was used. The results are shown in Table 2.
[Table 1]
[0053]
[Table 2]
[0054]
【The invention's effect】
By the metal surface treatment method of the present invention, a metal-based composite material having a physically and chemically stable film on the metal surface can be obtained. By applying this material to the surface of the polymerization apparatus, It is possible to prevent coal scale adhesion for a long time. Since the state of the film does not change even after the polymerization, the effect can be exhibited even when used for a long time or repeatedly. In addition, in the production apparatus having the film of the present invention, a synthetic resin with little gel contamination and good color tone can be obtained.
Claims (6)
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