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JP4296435B2 - Semiconductor laser - Google Patents
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JP4296435B2 - Semiconductor laser - Google Patents

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JP4296435B2
JP4296435B2 JP2005507000A JP2005507000A JP4296435B2 JP 4296435 B2 JP4296435 B2 JP 4296435B2 JP 2005507000 A JP2005507000 A JP 2005507000A JP 2005507000 A JP2005507000 A JP 2005507000A JP 4296435 B2 JP4296435 B2 JP 4296435B2
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semiconductor laser
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JPWO2004112208A1 (en
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隆二 小林
翊東 黄
隆宏 中村
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y20/00Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/30Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
    • H01S5/34Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/20Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers
    • H01S5/22Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure
    • H01S5/227Buried mesa structure ; Striped active layer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/30Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
    • H01S5/34Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers
    • H01S5/3403Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers having a strained layer structure in which the strain performs a special function, e.g. general strain effects, strain versus polarisation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/30Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
    • H01S5/34Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers
    • H01S5/343Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser
    • H01S5/34346Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser characterised by the materials of the barrier layers
    • H01S5/34366Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser characterised by the materials of the barrier layers based on InGa(Al)AS

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Description

本発明は量子井戸構造の活性層を備えた半導体レーザに関し、特にその微分利得の向上に関する。  The present invention relates to a semiconductor laser provided with an active layer having a quantum well structure, and more particularly to improvement of its differential gain.

従来から半導体レーザの性能向上を目的として、活性層を量子井戸構造とした半導体レーザが種々提案されている。
ここで、量子井戸構造の活性層とは、バンドギャップの小さな井戸層とバンドギャップの大きなバリア層を交互に積層して、井戸層の領域に量子井戸を形成したものである。そして、量子井戸構造の活性層を備えた半導体レーザにおいては、キャリアの有効質量を小さくすることによって、発振しきい値を下げることができると共に微分利得を上げることができ、変調速度を高速化できることが知られている。
従来の半導体装置は、キャリアの有効質量を低減するために、バリア層のライトホールに対する価電子帯と井戸層のライトホールに対する価電子帯との間のバンド不連続量を、ライトホールに対して量子井戸を形成しない大きさとし、バリア層のヘビーホールに対する価電子帯と井戸層のヘビーホールに対する価電子帯との間の不連続量を、ヘビーホールに対して量子井戸を形成する大きさとしている。この構成によれば、価電子帯のライトホールは井戸層に閉じ込められることなく活性層全体にわたって自由に運動することができるのに対して、ヘビーホールは井戸層に閉じ込められる。その結果、ライトホールとヘビーホールとの間のバンドミキシングが小さくなり、キャリアの有効質量を小さくすることができる。このような半導体装置は、例えば、日本特許公開公報平7−249828号に開示されている。
以下、第1図及び第2図を参照して従来の半導体レーザについて説明する。
第1図は従来の半導体レーザ101のレーザ光出射方向に垂直な方向の断面図である。この半導体レーザ101は、以下のようにして製造される。
まず、n型InP基板102を用意し、その上面に、バリア層103と井戸層104とを交互に積層する。バリア層103はノンドープInGa1−x−yAlAsであり、井戸層104はノンドープInGa1−zAs1−wである。バンドギャップの小さな井戸層104を、バンドギャップの大きなバリア層103で挟むことにより、井戸層104に量子井戸が形成される。なお、バリア層103及び井戸層104は、活性層105を構成する。
次に、活性層105の上に、p型InPクラッド層106を設ける。そしてこれらの活性層105とp型InPクラッド層106を選択的に除去(エッチング)してメサストライプ構造を形成し、その両側をp型InP層107とn型InP層108とからなる電流狭窄層109で埋めこむ。
最後に、p型InPクラッド層106の上面にp側電極110を、n型InP基板102の下面にn側電極111を設け、半導体レーザ101が完成する。
第2図は第1図に示す半導体レーザ101の活性層105(その一部)におけるバンド構造(CB:伝導帯、VB:価電子帯)を示す図である。
第2図において、横軸はある井戸層104とそれに隣接するバリア層103との境界を原点としたときの原点からの距離(膜厚方向の厚さ)t[nm]を示す。また縦軸は真空準位を0としたときのポテンシャルエネルギーE[eV]を示す。また、伝導帯の底はCB、ライトホールの価電子帯の最上部はLH、ヘビーホールの価電子帯の最上部はHHでそれぞれ示されている。
第2図に示されるバンド構造の特徴は、ライトホールの価電子帯の最上部(LH)が井戸層104とバリア層103とで連続していること、即ち、価電子帯にライトホールの井戸が無いことである。価電子帯にライトホールの井戸が無いので、価電子帯のライトホールは井戸層104に閉じ込められることなく活性層105全体にわたり自由に運動することができる。その一方で、ヘビーホールは価電子帯に井戸があるため井戸層104に閉じ込められる。この結果、従来の半導体レーザでは、ライトホールとヘビーホールとの間のバンドミキシングが小さくなるのでキャリアの有効質量が小さくなる。
第2図のバンド構造は、バリア層103に適切な圧縮歪みを、井戸層104に適切な引張り歪みを導入することにより得ることができる。例えば、バリア層103を膜厚7nmのノンドープInGa1−x−yAlAs、(x=0.429、y=0.118)とし、井戸層104を膜厚7nmのInGa1−zAs1−w、(z=0.717、w=0.826)とすればよい。このような構成とすることで、バリア層103には0.7%の圧縮歪みが、井戸層104には0.7%の引張り歪みが導入され、ライトホールの価電子帯の最上部(LH)が井戸層104とバリア層103で連続し、ライトホールの井戸を無くすることができる。その結果、価電子帯のライトホールは井戸層104に閉じ込められることなく活性層105全体にわたり自由に運動することができ、ライトホールとヘビーホールとの間のバンドミキシングが小さくなってキャリアの有効質量を小さくできる。これにより、微分利得を大きくすることができ、半導体レーザの変調速度を高速化することができる。
Various semiconductor lasers having an active layer with a quantum well structure have been proposed for the purpose of improving the performance of semiconductor lasers.
Here, the active layer having the quantum well structure is a layer in which a well layer having a small band gap and a barrier layer having a large band gap are alternately stacked to form a quantum well in the region of the well layer. In a semiconductor laser including an active layer having a quantum well structure, by reducing the effective mass of carriers, the oscillation threshold can be lowered and the differential gain can be increased, and the modulation speed can be increased. It has been known.
In the conventional semiconductor device, in order to reduce the effective mass of the carrier, the band discontinuity between the valence band for the light hole in the barrier layer and the valence band for the light hole in the well layer is reduced with respect to the light hole. The size is such that the quantum well is not formed, and the discontinuity between the valence band for the heavy hole in the barrier layer and the valence band for the heavy hole in the well layer is the size that forms the quantum well for the heavy hole. . According to this configuration, light holes in the valence band can move freely throughout the active layer without being confined in the well layer, whereas heavy holes are confined in the well layer. As a result, the band mixing between the light hole and the heavy hole is reduced, and the effective mass of the carrier can be reduced. Such a semiconductor device is disclosed, for example, in Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-249828.
A conventional semiconductor laser will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional semiconductor laser 101 in a direction perpendicular to the laser beam emitting direction. The semiconductor laser 101 is manufactured as follows.
First, an n-type InP substrate 102 is prepared, and barrier layers 103 and well layers 104 are alternately stacked on the upper surface thereof. The barrier layer 103 is non-doped In x Ga 1-xy Al y As, and the well layer 104 is non-doped In z Ga 1-z As w P 1-w . A quantum well is formed in the well layer 104 by sandwiching the well layer 104 with a small band gap between the barrier layers 103 with a large band gap. Note that the barrier layer 103 and the well layer 104 constitute an active layer 105.
Next, a p-type InP cladding layer 106 is provided on the active layer 105. The active layer 105 and the p-type InP cladding layer 106 are selectively removed (etched) to form a mesa stripe structure, and a current confinement layer comprising a p-type InP layer 107 and an n-type InP layer 108 on both sides thereof. Embed with 109.
Finally, the p-side electrode 110 is provided on the upper surface of the p-type InP cladding layer 106, and the n-side electrode 111 is provided on the lower surface of the n-type InP substrate 102, whereby the semiconductor laser 101 is completed.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a band structure (CB: conduction band, VB: valence band) in the active layer 105 (part thereof) of the semiconductor laser 101 shown in FIG.
In FIG. 2, the horizontal axis represents the distance (thickness in the film thickness direction) t [nm] from the origin when the origin is the boundary between a well layer 104 and the barrier layer 103 adjacent thereto. The vertical axis represents the potential energy E [eV] when the vacuum level is 0. The bottom of the conduction band is indicated by CB, the uppermost part of the valence band of light holes is indicated by LH, and the uppermost part of the valence band of heavy holes is indicated by HH.
The feature of the band structure shown in FIG. 2 is that the uppermost part (LH) of the valence band of the light hole is continuous between the well layer 104 and the barrier layer 103, that is, the well of the light hole in the valence band. There is no. Since there is no light hole well in the valence band, the light hole in the valence band can move freely throughout the active layer 105 without being confined in the well layer 104. On the other hand, the heavy hole is confined in the well layer 104 because there is a well in the valence band. As a result, in the conventional semiconductor laser, since the band mixing between the light hole and the heavy hole is reduced, the effective mass of the carrier is reduced.
The band structure shown in FIG. 2 can be obtained by introducing an appropriate compressive strain in the barrier layer 103 and an appropriate tensile strain in the well layer 104. For example, the barrier layer 103 is 7 nm thick non-doped In x Ga 1-xy Al y As (x = 0.429, y = 0.118), and the well layer 104 is 7 nm thick In z Ga 1. -z as w P 1-w, it may be set to (z = 0.717, w = 0.826 ). By adopting such a configuration, 0.7% compressive strain is introduced into the barrier layer 103 and 0.7% tensile strain is introduced into the well layer 104, and the uppermost portion of the valence band of the light hole (LH ) Continues in the well layer 104 and the barrier layer 103, and the well of the light hole can be eliminated. As a result, the light hole in the valence band can move freely throughout the active layer 105 without being confined in the well layer 104, and the band mixing between the light hole and the heavy hole is reduced, and the effective mass of the carrier is reduced. Can be reduced. Thereby, the differential gain can be increased and the modulation speed of the semiconductor laser can be increased.

上述したように、従来の半導体レーザでは、バリア層のライトホールに対する価電子帯と井戸層のライトホールに対する価電子帯との間のバンド不連続量を、ライトホールに対して量子井戸を形成しない大きさとし、バリア層のヘビーホールに対する価電子帯と井戸層のヘビーホールに対する価電子帯との間の不連続量を、ヘビーホールに対して量子井戸を形成する大きさとすることにより、キャリアの有効質量の低減を図っている。
しかしながら、最近の変調速度高速化の要求は非常に強く、従来の半導体レーザでは、その要求に答えることができないという問題点がある。
そこで、本発明は、従来の半導体レーザよりも、微分利得を大きくすることができ、より変調速度を高速化することができる半導体レーザを提供することを目的とする。
本発明によれば、歪みのある井戸層と歪みのあるバリア層を交互に積層して形成した歪み量子井戸層を活性層とする半導体レーザにおいて、井戸層にヘビーホールおよびライトホールのエネルギーの井戸を形成するとともに、バリア層のライトホールの連続準位が井戸層のヘビーホールの量子準位より低く、かつ井戸層のライトホールの量子準位がバリア層のライトホールの連続準位とほぼ等しくなるようにしたことを特徴とする半導体レーザが得られる。
具体的には、この半導体レーザは、前記井戸層は圧縮歪みを、前記バリア層は引張り歪みを有し、前記井戸層の圧縮歪み量e(W)が、0.9%≦e(W)≦1.1%、前記バリア層の引張り歪み量e(B)が、0.3%≦e(B)≦0.5%とすることにより実現できる。
この半導体レーザは、井戸層におけるライトホールとヘビーホールとの間のバンドミキシングをほぼゼロにすることができる。
As described above, the conventional semiconductor laser does not form a quantum well with respect to the light hole due to the band discontinuity between the valence band with respect to the light hole in the barrier layer and the valence band with respect to the light hole in the well layer. The size of the discontinuity between the valence band for the heavy hole in the barrier layer and the valence band for the heavy hole in the well layer is set so as to form a quantum well with respect to the heavy hole. The mass is reduced.
However, the recent demand for higher modulation speed is very strong, and there is a problem that the conventional semiconductor laser cannot answer the demand.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor laser capable of increasing the differential gain and increasing the modulation speed more than a conventional semiconductor laser.
According to the present invention, in a semiconductor laser having a strained quantum well layer formed by alternately laminating a strained well layer and a strained barrier layer as an active layer, the well layer has energy wells of heavy holes and light holes. The barrier hole light hole continuous level is lower than the well hole heavy hole quantum level, and the well layer light hole quantum level is almost equal to the barrier layer light hole continuous level. A semiconductor laser characterized by the above can be obtained.
Specifically, in this semiconductor laser, the well layer has a compressive strain, the barrier layer has a tensile strain, and the compressive strain amount e (W) of the well layer is 0.9% ≦ e (W). ≦ 1.1%, and the tensile strain amount e (B) of the barrier layer is 0.3% ≦ e (B) ≦ 0.5%.
In this semiconductor laser, band mixing between light holes and heavy holes in the well layer can be made almost zero.

第1図は、従来の半導体レーザのレーザ光出射方向に垂直な方向の断面図であり、
第2図は、第1図の半導体レーザの活性層における伝導帯と価電子帯のバンド構造を示す図であり、
第3図(a)は、無歪み量子井戸構造のバンド構造を説明するための図であり、
第3図(b)は、従来の半導体レーザの歪み量子井戸構造のバンド構造を説明するための図であり、
第3図(c)は、本発明の半導体レーザの歪み量子井戸構造のバンド構造を説明するための図であり、
第4図(a)は、無歪み量子井戸構造のバンド構造を示す図であり、
第4図(b)は、歪み導入によるバンド構造の変化を説明するための模式図であって、井戸層に圧縮歪みを、バリア層に引張り歪みをそれぞれ導入した場合のバンド構造を示す図であり、
第5図は、ライトホールとヘビーホールとの間にバンドミキシングが有る場合と無い場合の価電子サブバンドを示す図であり、
第6図は、微分利得のバリア層の引張り歪み量依存性を表わすグラフであり、
第7図は、微分利得の井戸層の圧縮歪み量依存性を表わすグラフであり、
第8図は、本発明の一実施の形態に係る半導体レーザの、レーザ光出射方向に垂直な方向の断面図である。
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view in a direction perpendicular to the laser beam emitting direction of a conventional semiconductor laser,
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a band structure of a conduction band and a valence band in the active layer of the semiconductor laser of FIG.
FIG. 3 (a) is a diagram for explaining a band structure of an unstrained quantum well structure,
FIG. 3 (b) is a diagram for explaining a band structure of a strained quantum well structure of a conventional semiconductor laser,
FIG. 3 (c) is a diagram for explaining the band structure of the strained quantum well structure of the semiconductor laser of the present invention.
FIG. 4 (a) is a diagram showing a band structure of an unstrained quantum well structure,
FIG. 4 (b) is a schematic diagram for explaining the change of the band structure due to strain introduction, and shows the band structure when compressive strain is introduced into the well layer and tensile strain is introduced into the barrier layer. Yes,
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing valence subbands with and without band mixing between a light hole and a heavy hole,
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the dependence of the differential gain on the tensile strain of the barrier layer,
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the dependence of the differential gain on the amount of compressive strain in the well layer,
FIG. 8 is a sectional view of the semiconductor laser according to one embodiment of the present invention in a direction perpendicular to the laser beam emitting direction.

以下、図面を参照して本発明の実施の形態について詳細に説明する。
まず、始めに本発明の原理について説明する。
第3図(a)は無歪み量子井戸構造の井戸層のバンド構造、第3図(b)は従来の半導体レーザ(従来の歪み量子井戸構造)における井戸層のバンド構造、及び第3図(c)は本発明の半導体レーザ(本発明の歪み量子井戸構造)における井戸層のバンド構造をそれぞれ模式的に示す図である。これらはいずれも価電子帯のエネルギー準位を定性的に示している。
第3図(a)のバンド構造には、ライトホールの井戸301とヘビーホールの井戸302がある。このバンド構造では、ライトホールもヘビーホールもそれぞれの井戸の中に閉じ込められる。また、井戸の中にライトホールの量子準位303とヘビーホールの量子準位304とがともに存在するので、ライトホールとヘビーホールとの間のバンドミキシングは非常に大きい。そのため、無歪み量子井戸においては、キャリアの有効質量が大きく微分利得は小さい。
第3図(b)のバンド構造には、ヘビーホールの井戸305はあるが、ライトホールの井戸は無い(ライトホールの価電子帯の最上部306は井戸層とバリア層とで段差がない)。したがって、このバンド構造を持つ従来の歪み量子井戸では、ライトホールが井戸に閉じ込められない。しかし、本発明者らによる実験・計算によれば、このバンド構造では、ライトホールの連続準位307が高い位置にあり、ヘビーホールの量子準位308と重なっている。そのためライトホールとヘビーホールとの間のバンドミキシングは、無歪み量子井戸構造(第3図(a))の場合よりは小さくなるが最小ではなく、もっと小さくできる余地がある。
第3図(c)のバンド構造には、第3図(b)のバンド構造とは異なり、ヘビーホールの井戸309だけでなくライトホールの井戸310もある。しかし、ある歪み条件の下では(この歪み条件が本発明の特徴である。)、バリア層のライトホールの連続準位311が井戸層のヘビーホールの量子準位312より低くなり、しかも井戸層のライトホールの量子準位をバリア層のライトホールの連続準位111とほぼ等しく(等しいか、等しいとみなせる程度に)することができる。このようにすると井戸層においてライトホールの準位とヘビーホールの準位が重なる確率が非常に少なくなる。その結果、バンドミキシングを従来の歪み量子井戸構造(第3図(b))のものよりはるかに小さく、ほぼゼロに(ゼロか、ゼロとみなせる程度に小さく)することができる。これによりキャリアの有効質量を従来の歪み量子井戸のものより小さくし、また微分利得を従来の歪み量子井戸のものより高くすることができる。
第4図は井戸層401およびバリア層402にそれぞれ歪みを加えることにより、量子井戸構造の伝導帯(CB)と価電子帯(VB)のバンド構造が変化する様子を表わす模式図である。第4図(a)は無歪み時、第4図(b)は井戸層401に圧縮歪みを導入するとともにバリア層402に引張り歪みを導入した時のバンド構造をそれぞれ示している。
井戸層401及びバリア層402にそれぞれ歪みを導入すると、価電子帯(VB)のバンドは歪みによりヘビーホール(HH)とライトホール(LH)に分裂する。このとき、井戸層401では価電子帯(VB)のバンドが全体として下がりながら、ヘビーホール(HH)が上に、ライトホール(LH)が下に来る。また、バリア層402では価電子帯(VB)のバンドが全体として上がりながら、ヘビーホール(HH)が下に、ライトホール(LH)が上に来る。その結果、ヘビーホール(HH)の井戸も浅くなるが、それ以上にライトホール(LH)の井戸が浅くなり、井戸層401のライトホール(LH)の量子準位が下がる。井戸層401及びバリア層402の歪みが大きいほどライトホール(LH)の井戸は浅い。歪みを大きくしてライトホールをある程度以上浅くすると、井戸層401のライトホール(LH)の量子準位がバリア層402のライトホール(LH)の連続準位とほぼ等しくできる。その状態ではライトホール(LH)は井戸内に閉じ込められなくなり、実質的に井戸層401とバリア層402を貫く連続準位となる(第3図(c)の状態)。
このような状態になるとヘビーホール(HH)とライトホール(LH)との間のバンドミキシングがほとんど消え、利得特性に大きく影響する価電子サブバンドの形が変わる。
第5図にヘビーホール(HH)とライトホール(LH)との間にバンドミキシングがある場合と無い場合の価電子サブバンド(計算結果)を示す。第5図において、横軸は波動ベクトル|k|[nm−1]、縦軸はエネルギーE[eV]である。
第5図において、実線501は井戸層の圧縮歪み量が1%、バリア層の引張り歪み量が0%(歪み無し)の場合(以下、ケース1)、破線502は井戸層の圧縮歪み量が1%、バリア層の引張り歪み量が0.4%の場合(以下、ケース2)、及び点線503は井戸層の圧縮歪み量が1.5%、バリア層の引張り歪み量が0.4%の場合(ケース3)をそれぞれ示している。また、エネルギーの高い方の3本がヘビーホール(HH)のサブバンド、低い方の3本がライトホール(LH)のサブバンドを示す。
ケース1(実線501)のとき、ヘビーホール(HH)とライトホール(LH)との間にバンドミキシングがある(グラフが放物線とならない)。一方、ケース2(破線502)及びケース3(点線503)のときは、ヘビーホール(HH)とライトホール(LH)との間にはバンドミキシングが無い(グラフが放物線を描く)。
ヘビーホール(HH)とライトホール(LH)との間にバンドミキシングがあるとき(実線501)に比べ、バンドミキシングが無いとき(破線502、点線503)は状態密度が極めて少なく、微分利得は非常に大きい。すなわち井戸層の圧縮歪み量が1%、バリア層の引張り歪み量が0%(歪み無し)の場合(実線501)は微分利得が低いが、井戸層の圧縮歪み量が1%、バリア層の引張り歪み量が0.4%の場合(破線502)および井戸層の圧縮歪み量が1.5%、バリア層の引張り歪み量が0.4%の場合(点線503)は微分利得が高い。
第5図の破線502(井戸層の圧縮歪み量1%)と点線503(井戸層の圧縮歪み量1.5%)との比較から、井戸層の圧縮歪みが1.5%以上になっても価電子サブバンドの形はあまり変化しないと予想される。しかしながら、第5図はバリア層内におけるライトホールの連続準位の影響を考慮していない。バリア層内におけるライトホールの連続準位との間のバンドミキシング効果を考慮すると、バリア層の歪みが大きくなるに従い、そのグラフは、第5図の破線502・点線503のものとは異なってくる。実際にはバリア層内におけるライトホールの連続準位の影響により、バリア層の引張り歪みを更に増やすと、ライトホールの連続準位が上昇しヘビーホールの量子準位に近づくため、ライトホールとヘビーホールとの間のバンドミキシングが増える。その結果、ヘビーホールのサブバンドの形が放物線から崩れ、微分利得が減少する。従って、歪み量が多過ぎるのは良くない。つまり、従来の半導体レーザのように、ライトホールに対する価電子帯のバンド不連続量を0にしようとすると、かえって微分利得を低下させてしまう。
第6図に井戸層の圧縮歪み量が1%の場合の、微分利得のバリア層の引張り歪み量依存性を表わすグラフを示す。第6図のグラフにおいて横軸はバリア層の引張り歪み量、縦軸は微分利得を表わす。また、◆は井戸層の膜厚Lが4.5nmの場合、□は6.0nmの場合を示す。
第6図から分かるように、微分利得はバリア層の引張り歪みが0%(無歪み)から約0.35%までの範囲ではほぼリニアに増加し、約0.35%を超えるとほぼ一定になる。先に述べたようにバリア層の歪み量が0.5%を超えて大きくなるとバリア層のライトホールと井戸層内のヘビーホールとの間のバンドミキシング効果によって微分利得は第6図に破線で示すように減少する。従って、バリア層の引張り歪み量e(B)は0.3%≦e(B)≦0.5%の範囲にあることが望ましく、0.35%付近にあることがより望ましい。これは井戸層の膜厚が4.5nmのときと6.0nmのときに共通して言えることである。
第7図にバリア層の引張り歪み量が0%(無歪み)の場合と0.4%の場合の、微分利得の井戸層の圧縮歪み量依存性を表わすグラフを示す。第7図のグラフの横軸は井戸層の圧縮歪み量、縦軸は微分利得を示す。第7図において○及び●は井戸層の膜厚が4.5nmの場合、◇及び◆は井戸層の膜厚が6.0nmの場合をそれぞれ示す。また、●及び◆はバリア層が歪量0%(無歪み)のとき、○及び◇はバリア層が歪量0.4%の引張り歪みのときである。
第7図から分かるように、バリア層が無歪みのときは井戸層の圧縮歪み量が1.3%付近で微分利得が最大になる。またバリア層が0.4%の引張り歪みのときは井戸層の圧縮歪み量が0.95%付近で微分利得が最大になる。したがって井戸層の圧縮歪み量e(W)は0.9%≦e(W)≦1.1%の範囲にあることが望ましく、0.95%付近にあることがより望ましい。なお、前述したように、微分利得が最大になるときの井戸層の最適圧縮歪み量は、井戸層の膜厚が4.5nmと6.0nmで変わらない。
第6図、第7図から、微分利得を最大にするにはバリア層の引張り歪み量を0.35%付近とし、井戸層の圧縮歪み量を0.9%付近とするとよい。また、井戸層の圧縮歪み量e(W)が、0.9%<e(W)≦1.1%、バリア層の引張り歪み量e(B)が、0.3%≦e(B)<0.5%、の範囲にあればほぼ同等の微分利得を得ることができる。即ち、井戸層及びバリア層の歪量をこのようにすることで、そのバンド構造を、井戸層のライトホール(LH)の量子準位がバリア層のライトホール(LH)の連続準位とほぼ等しく、ライトホール(LH)が井戸内に閉じ込められなくなり、実質的に井戸層とバリア層を貫く連続準位となる状態(第3図(c)の状態)とすることができる。
次に第8図を参照して、本発明の一実施の形態に係る半導体レーザについて説明する。
第8図は本発明の一実施の形態に係る半導体レーザの801の、レーザ出射方向に垂直な方向の断面図である。図示の半導体レーザは、以下のようにして製造される。
まず、n型InP基板802上にn型InPクラッド層803(厚さ300nm)、n型AlGaInAs光ガイド層804(厚さ50nm)、ノンドープ活性層805、p型AlGaInAs光ガイド層806(厚さ50nm)、p型AlInAs電子ストップ層807(厚さ20nm)、及びp型InP第1クラッド層808(厚さ300nm)を順次形成する。
次にn型InPクラッド層803からp型InP第1クラッド層808までをメサストライプ形状に加工し、その両側をp型InP電流ブロック層809(厚さ600nm)、n型InP電流ブロック層810(厚さ400nm)で埋め込む。
続いて、p型InP第1クラッド層808とn型InP電流ブロック層810(厚さ400nm)の表面上にp型InP第2クラッド層811(厚さ1000nm)を形成し、その上にp型GaInAsコンタクト層812(厚さ300nm)を形成する。
そして、n型InP基板802を150μm程度に薄膜化し、その下面にはn側電極813を形成する。また、p型GaInAsコンタクト層812の上面にはp側電極814を形成する。こうして半導体レーザが完成する。
第8図の半導体レーザにおいて、ノンドープ活性層805は、例えば、1.0%の圧縮歪を有するAl0.14Ga0.18In0.68Asからなる井戸層815(厚さ4.5nm)と、0.4%の引張り歪みを有するAl0.34Ga0.19In0.47Asからなるバリア層816(厚さ8nm)とを交互に積層した多重量子井戸活性層である。井戸層及びバリア層の積層数は、例えば、それぞれ10層と9層である。
各層の形成には、例えば、有機金属気相成長法(MOVPE法)を用いることができる。III族原料としては、例えば、トリメチルアルミニウム(TMAl)、トリメチルガリウム(TMGa)およびトリメチルインジウム(TMIn)を用いることができる。また、V族原料としては、例えば、アルシン(AsH)およびフォスフィン(PH)を用いることができる。またドーピングガスには、例えば、ジシラン(Si)およびジメチル亜鉛(DMZn)を用いることができる。MOVPE法では成長層の組成がIII族原料の供給量の比により決まるため、組成制御が容易であり、所望の歪み量をもつ層が容易に形成できる。
再び第7図を参照して、本実施の形態に係る半導体レーザ801(第8図)の微分利得の改善効果を井戸層およびバリア層が無歪みの従来の半導体レーザと比較して説明する。
第7図から分かるように、井戸層およびバリア層が無歪みの従来の半導体レーザの微分利得は、井戸層の厚さが4.5nmの場合(●)は1.2E−15(cm)であり、6nmの場合(◆)0.9E−15(cm)である。一方井戸層が1%の圧縮歪み、バリア層が0.4%の引張り歪みの本実施の形態に係る半導体レーザの微分利得は、井戸層の厚さが4.5nmの場合(○)は1.7E−15(cm)であり、6nmの場合(◇)1.35E−15(cm)である。したがって本実施の形態に係る半導体レーザの微分利得と従来の半導体レーザの微分利得との比は、井戸層の厚さが4.5nmの場合、1.7/1.2=142%、6nmの場合、1.35/0.9=150%である。このように、本実施の形態に係る半導体レーザは、その微分利得が従来の半導体レーザのものより42%〜50%高くなっている。
以上、本発明の実施の形態について、特定組成の井戸層及びバリア層を有する半導体レーザについて説明したが、本発明はこれに限られるものではない。例えば、上述したように井戸層の圧縮歪みは、0.9%<e(W)≦1.1%であればよいので、x1y1平面を想定した場合に、井戸層のAl組成とGa組成が、(x1,y1)=(0.10,0.20)、(0.20,0.11)、(0.19,0.15)、(0.08,0.26)の4点を結んで囲まれた領域内の任意の点で定まるAl組成、Ga組成であればよい。また、バリア層の引張り歪み量は0.3%≦e(B)<0.5%であればよいので、同じくx1y1平面を想定した場合に、(x1,y1)=(0.15,0.35)、(0.42,0.09)、(0.42,0.13)、(0.15,0.40)の4点を結んで囲まれた領域内の任意の点で定まるAl組成、Ga組成であればよい。なお、この組成範囲の半導体レーザの発振波長は、1.25〜1.34μmである。
また、井戸層の膜厚は4〜6nmであれば、上述した場合と同様の効果を得ることができる。
さらに、本実施例では、井戸層とバリア層を構成する半導体としてAlGaInAsを用いた場合について説明したが、井戸層にInAsx21−x2層をバリア層にAlGaInAs層を用いてもよいし、井戸層にInx3Ga1−x3Asy31−y3を、バリア層にGaAs層を用いてもよい。何れの場合も、井戸層にヘビーホールおよびライトホールのエネルギーの井戸を形成し、前記バリア層のライトホールの連続準位が前記井戸層のヘビーホールの量子準位より低く、かつ前記井戸層のライトホールの量子準位が前記バリア層のライトホールの連続準位とほぼ等しくなるようにすることで、本発明の効果を得ることができる。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
First, the principle of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 3A is a band structure of a well layer of an unstrained quantum well structure, FIG. 3B is a band structure of a well layer in a conventional semiconductor laser (conventional strained quantum well structure), and FIG. (c) is a figure which shows typically the band structure of the well layer in the semiconductor laser of this invention (strained quantum well structure of this invention), respectively. These all qualitatively show the energy level of the valence band.
The band structure of FIG. 3A includes a light hole well 301 and a heavy hole well 302. In this band structure, both light holes and heavy holes are confined in each well. In addition, since the quantum level 303 of the light hole and the quantum level 304 of the heavy hole are both present in the well, the band mixing between the light hole and the heavy hole is very large. Therefore, in an unstrained quantum well, the effective mass of carriers is large and the differential gain is small.
The band structure of FIG. 3B has a heavy hole well 305 but no light hole well (the top 306 of the valence band of the light hole has no step between the well layer and the barrier layer). . Therefore, in the conventional strained quantum well having this band structure, the light hole is not confined in the well. However, according to experiments and calculations by the present inventors, in this band structure, the continuous level 307 of the light hole is at a high position and overlaps with the quantum level 308 of the heavy hole. Therefore, the band mixing between the light hole and the heavy hole is smaller than that in the case of the unstrained quantum well structure (FIG. 3 (a)), but is not minimum, and there is room for further reduction.
Unlike the band structure of FIG. 3B, the band structure of FIG. 3C includes not only the heavy hole well 309 but also the light hole well 310. However, under a certain strain condition (this strain condition is a feature of the present invention), the light hole continuous level 311 of the barrier layer is lower than the quantum level 312 of the heavy hole of the well layer, and the well layer. The quantum level of the light hole can be made substantially equal to the continuous level 111 of the light hole in the barrier layer (to the extent that it can be regarded as equal or equal). In this way, the probability that the light hole level and the heavy hole level overlap in the well layer is very low. As a result, the band mixing can be made much smaller than that of the conventional strained quantum well structure (FIG. 3 (b)) and almost zero (zero or small enough to be regarded as zero). As a result, the effective mass of carriers can be made smaller than that of the conventional strained quantum well, and the differential gain can be made higher than that of the conventional strained quantum well.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing how the conduction band (CB) and valence band (VB) band structures of the quantum well structure are changed by applying strain to the well layer 401 and the barrier layer 402, respectively. 4A shows a band structure when no strain is applied, and FIG. 4B shows a band structure when compressive strain is introduced into the well layer 401 and tensile strain is introduced into the barrier layer 402.
When strain is introduced into each of the well layer 401 and the barrier layer 402, the valence band (VB) band is split into heavy holes (HH) and light holes (LH) due to the strain. At this time, in the well layer 401, the valence band (VB) band is lowered as a whole, and the heavy hole (HH) comes up and the light hole (LH) comes down. In the barrier layer 402, the valence band (VB) band rises as a whole, and the heavy hole (HH) comes down and the light hole (LH) comes up. As a result, the well of the heavy hole (HH) also becomes shallow, but the well of the light hole (LH) becomes shallower than that and the quantum level of the light hole (LH) of the well layer 401 decreases. The larger the strain of the well layer 401 and the barrier layer 402, the shallower the well of the light hole (LH). When the strain is increased and the light hole is made shallower to some extent, the quantum level of the light hole (LH) in the well layer 401 can be made substantially equal to the continuous level of the light hole (LH) in the barrier layer 402. In this state, the light hole (LH) is not confined in the well and substantially becomes a continuous level that penetrates the well layer 401 and the barrier layer 402 (state shown in FIG. 3C).
In such a state, the band mixing between the heavy hole (HH) and the light hole (LH) almost disappears, and the shape of the valence electron subband that greatly affects the gain characteristics changes.
FIG. 5 shows valence electron subbands (calculation results) with and without band mixing between heavy holes (HH) and light holes (LH). In FIG. 5, the horizontal axis represents the wave vector | k | [nm −1 ], and the vertical axis represents the energy E [eV].
In FIG. 5, a solid line 501 indicates that the compressive strain amount of the well layer is 1% and a tensile strain amount of the barrier layer is 0% (no strain) (hereinafter, case 1), and a broken line 502 indicates the compressive strain amount of the well layer. When the tensile strain amount of the barrier layer is 0.4% (hereinafter, Case 2), and the dotted line 503 indicates that the compressive strain amount of the well layer is 1.5% and the tensile strain amount of the barrier layer is 0.4%. (Case 3) are shown respectively. In addition, the higher three energy bands represent heavy hole (HH) subbands, and the lower three light hole (LH) subbands.
In case 1 (solid line 501), there is band mixing between the heavy hole (HH) and the light hole (LH) (the graph is not a parabola). On the other hand, in case 2 (broken line 502) and case 3 (dotted line 503), there is no band mixing between the heavy hole (HH) and the light hole (LH) (the graph draws a parabola).
Compared to when there is band mixing between the heavy hole (HH) and the light hole (LH) (solid line 501), when there is no band mixing (broken line 502, dotted line 503), the density of states is extremely small and the differential gain is very high. Big. That is, when the well layer has a compressive strain of 1% and the barrier layer has a tensile strain of 0% (no strain) (solid line 501), the differential gain is low, but the well layer has a compressive strain of 1%, When the tensile strain amount is 0.4% (dashed line 502), the compressive strain amount of the well layer is 1.5%, and the tensile strain amount of the barrier layer is 0.4% (dotted line 503), the differential gain is high.
From the comparison between the broken line 502 (the compressive strain amount of the well layer of 1%) and the dotted line 503 (the compressive strain amount of the well layer of 1.5%) in FIG. 5, the compressive strain of the well layer becomes 1.5% or more. However, the shape of the valence subband is not expected to change much. However, FIG. 5 does not consider the influence of the continuous level of light holes in the barrier layer. In consideration of the band mixing effect between the continuous levels of light holes in the barrier layer, as the distortion of the barrier layer increases, the graph differs from that of the broken line 502 and the dotted line 503 in FIG. . Actually, if the tensile strain of the barrier layer is further increased due to the effect of the light hole continuum level in the barrier layer, the light hole continuum level rises and approaches the quantum level of the heavy hole. Band mixing with the hall increases. As a result, the shape of the heavy hole subband collapses from the parabola, and the differential gain decreases. Therefore, it is not good that there is too much distortion. That is, as in the conventional semiconductor laser, if the band discontinuity of the valence band with respect to the light hole is set to 0, the differential gain is reduced.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the dependence of the differential gain on the tensile strain of the barrier layer when the compressive strain of the well layer is 1%. In the graph of FIG. 6, the horizontal axis represents the tensile strain amount of the barrier layer, and the vertical axis represents the differential gain. In addition, ◆ If the thickness L w of the well layer is 4.5nm, □ shows the case of 6.0nm.
As can be seen from FIG. 6, the differential gain increases almost linearly when the tensile strain of the barrier layer ranges from 0% (no strain) to about 0.35%, and becomes almost constant when it exceeds about 0.35%. Become. As described above, when the amount of distortion of the barrier layer exceeds 0.5%, the differential gain is indicated by a broken line in FIG. 6 due to the band mixing effect between the light hole in the barrier layer and the heavy hole in the well layer. Decrease as shown. Accordingly, the tensile strain e (B) of the barrier layer is preferably in the range of 0.3% ≦ e (B) ≦ 0.5%, and more preferably in the vicinity of 0.35%. This can be said in common when the thickness of the well layer is 4.5 nm and 6.0 nm.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the dependence of the differential gain on the compressive strain of the well layer when the tensile strain of the barrier layer is 0% (no strain) and 0.4%. The horizontal axis of the graph of FIG. 7 indicates the compressive strain amount of the well layer, and the vertical axis indicates the differential gain. In FIG. 7, ◯ and ● indicate the case where the thickness of the well layer is 4.5 nm, and ◇ and ◆ indicate the case where the thickness of the well layer is 6.0 nm. Also, ● and ◆ indicate when the barrier layer has a strain of 0% (no strain), and ○ and ◇ indicate when the barrier layer has a tensile strain of 0.4%.
As can be seen from FIG. 7, when the barrier layer is unstrained, the differential gain becomes maximum when the compressive strain amount of the well layer is around 1.3%. When the barrier layer has a tensile strain of 0.4%, the differential gain becomes maximum when the compressive strain amount of the well layer is around 0.95%. Therefore, the compressive strain amount e (W) of the well layer is desirably in the range of 0.9% ≦ e (W) ≦ 1.1%, and more desirably in the vicinity of 0.95%. As described above, the optimum compressive strain amount of the well layer when the differential gain is maximized does not change between the well layer thickness of 4.5 nm and 6.0 nm.
From FIGS. 6 and 7, in order to maximize the differential gain, the tensile strain amount of the barrier layer is preferably set to about 0.35%, and the compressive strain amount of the well layer is preferably set to about 0.9%. Further, the compressive strain amount e (W) of the well layer is 0.9% <e (W) ≦ 1.1%, and the tensile strain amount e (B) of the barrier layer is 0.3% ≦ e (B). If it is in the range of <0.5%, almost equivalent differential gain can be obtained. That is, by setting the strain amount of the well layer and the barrier layer in this way, the band structure has a quantum level of the light hole (LH) in the well layer substantially equal to the continuous level of the light hole (LH) in the barrier layer. Equally, the light hole (LH) is not confined in the well and can be in a state (a state shown in FIG. 3 (c)) that is substantially continuous through the well layer and the barrier layer.
Next, a semiconductor laser according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a semiconductor laser 801 according to one embodiment of the present invention in a direction perpendicular to the laser emission direction. The illustrated semiconductor laser is manufactured as follows.
First, an n-type InP cladding layer 803 (thickness 300 nm), an n-type AlGaInAs light guide layer 804 (thickness 50 nm), a non-doped active layer 805, a p-type AlGaInAs light guide layer 806 (thickness 50 nm) on an n-type InP substrate 802. ), A p-type AlInAs electron stop layer 807 (thickness 20 nm), and a p-type InP first cladding layer 808 (thickness 300 nm) are sequentially formed.
Next, the n-type InP cladding layer 803 to the p-type InP first cladding layer 808 are processed into a mesa stripe shape, and both sides thereof are a p-type InP current blocking layer 809 (thickness 600 nm) and an n-type InP current blocking layer 810 ( Embedded in a thickness of 400 nm).
Subsequently, a p-type InP second cladding layer 811 (thickness 1000 nm) is formed on the surfaces of the p-type InP first cladding layer 808 and the n-type InP current blocking layer 810 (thickness 400 nm), and the p-type InP is further formed thereon. A GaInAs contact layer 812 (thickness 300 nm) is formed.
Then, the n-type InP substrate 802 is thinned to about 150 μm, and an n-side electrode 813 is formed on the lower surface thereof. A p-side electrode 814 is formed on the upper surface of the p-type GaInAs contact layer 812. Thus, the semiconductor laser is completed.
In the semiconductor laser of FIG. 8, the non-doped active layer 805 is, for example, a well layer 815 (thickness 4.5 nm) made of Al 0.14 Ga 0.18 In 0.68 As having a compressive strain of 1.0%. And a barrier layer 816 (thickness 8 nm) made of Al 0.34 Ga 0.19 In 0.47 As having a tensile strain of 0.4% is a multiple quantum well active layer. The number of stacked well layers and barrier layers is, for example, 10 and 9 layers, respectively.
For example, metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) can be used for forming each layer. As the group III material, for example, trimethylaluminum (TMAl), trimethylgallium (TMGa), and trimethylindium (TMIn) can be used. Further, as the group V raw material, for example, arsine (AsH 3 ) and phosphine (PH 3 ) can be used. As the doping gas, for example, disilane (Si 2 H 6 ) and dimethyl zinc (DMZn) can be used. In the MOVPE method, since the composition of the growth layer is determined by the ratio of the supply amount of the group III raw material, the composition control is easy, and a layer having a desired strain amount can be easily formed.
Referring again to FIG. 7, the effect of improving the differential gain of the semiconductor laser 801 according to the present embodiment (FIG. 8) will be described in comparison with a conventional semiconductor laser in which the well layer and the barrier layer are undistorted.
As can be seen from FIG. 7, the differential gain of the conventional semiconductor laser in which the well layer and the barrier layer are undistorted is 1.2E −15 (cm 2 ) when the thickness of the well layer is 4.5 nm (●). and is a case of 6nm (◆) 0.9E -15 (cm 2). On the other hand, the differential gain of the semiconductor laser according to this embodiment in which the well layer has a compressive strain of 1% and the barrier layer has a tensile strain of 0.4% is 1 when the thickness of the well layer is 4.5 nm (◯). 7E- 15 (cm < 2 >), and in the case of 6 nm (<>) 1.35E- 15 (cm < 2 >). Therefore, the ratio between the differential gain of the semiconductor laser according to the present embodiment and the differential gain of the conventional semiconductor laser is 1.7 / 1.2 = 142% and 6 nm when the thickness of the well layer is 4.5 nm. In this case, 1.35 / 0.9 = 150%. As described above, the differential gain of the semiconductor laser according to the present embodiment is 42% to 50% higher than that of the conventional semiconductor laser.
As described above, the embodiment of the present invention has been described with respect to the semiconductor laser having the well layer and the barrier layer having the specific composition. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, as described above, the compressive strain of the well layer may be 0.9% <e (W) ≦ 1.1%. Therefore, assuming the x1y1 plane, the Al composition and the Ga composition of the well layer are , (X1, y1) = (0.10, 0.20), (0.20, 0.11), (0.19, 0.15), (0.08, 0.26) What is necessary is just the Al composition and Ga composition which are decided by the arbitrary points in the area | region enclosed and enclosed. Further, since the tensile strain amount of the barrier layer may be 0.3% ≦ e (B) <0.5%, similarly, assuming the x1y1 plane, (x1, y1) = (0.15, 0 .35), (0.42, 0.09), (0.42, 0.13), and (0.15, 0.40) are determined at arbitrary points in the region surrounded by connecting the four points. Any Al composition or Ga composition may be used. The oscillation wavelength of the semiconductor laser having this composition range is 1.25 to 1.34 μm.
Moreover, if the film thickness of a well layer is 4-6 nm, the effect similar to the case mentioned above can be acquired.
Further, in this embodiment, the case where AlGaInAs is used as the semiconductor constituting the well layer and the barrier layer has been described. However, an InAs x2 P 1-x2 layer may be used as the well layer and an AlGaInAs layer may be used as the barrier layer. In x3 Ga 1-x3 As y3 N 1-y3 may be used for the well layer, and a GaAs layer may be used for the barrier layer. In any case, a well of energy of heavy holes and light holes is formed in the well layer, the light hole continuous level of the barrier layer is lower than the quantum level of the heavy hole of the well layer, and the well layer By making the quantum level of the light hole substantially equal to the continuous level of the light hole in the barrier layer, the effect of the present invention can be obtained.

Claims (5)

圧縮歪みの井戸層と引張り歪みのバリア層を交互に積層して形成した歪み量子井戸層を活性層とする半導体レーザにおいて、前記井戸層及び前記バリア層がAlx1Gay1In1−x1−y1Asで表される組成の4元系半導体であり、前記井戸層の圧縮歪み量e(W)が、0.9%≦e(W)≦1.1%、前記バリア層の引張り歪み量e(B)が、0.3%≦e(B)≦0.5%、前記井戸層の膜厚が4.5〜6nmであることを特徴とする半導体レーザ。In a semiconductor laser having a strained quantum well layer formed by alternately stacking a compressive strain well layer and a tensile strain barrier layer as an active layer, the well layer and the barrier layer are Al x1 Ga y1 In 1-x1-y1. A quaternary semiconductor having a composition represented by As, wherein the compressive strain amount e (W) of the well layer is 0.9% ≦ e (W) ≦ 1.1%, and the tensile strain amount e of the barrier layer (B) is 0.3% ≦ e (B) ≦ 0.5%, and the thickness of the well layer is 4.5 to 6 nm. 請求項に記載の半導体レーザにおいて、発振波長が1.25〜1.34μmであることを特徴とする半導体レーザ。2. The semiconductor laser according to claim 1 , wherein an oscillation wavelength is 1.25 to 1.34 [mu] m. 請求項1又は2に記載の半導体レーザにおいて、前記井戸層のAl組成及びGa組成が、x1y1平面を想定した場合に、(x1,y1)=(0.10,0.20)、(0.20,0.11)、(0.19,0.15)、及び(0.08,0.26)の4点を結んで囲まれる領域内の任意の点により定まることを特徴とする半導体レーザ。 3. The semiconductor laser according to claim 1 , wherein when the Al composition and the Ga composition of the well layer are assumed to be an x1y1 plane, (x1, y1) = (0.10, 0.20), (0. 20, 0.11), (0.19, 0.15), and (0.08, 0.26) are determined by an arbitrary point in a region surrounded by connecting the four points. . 請求項1乃至3のいずれか一つに記載の半導体レーザにおいて、前記バリア層のAl組成及びGa組成が、x1y1平面を想定した場合に、(x1,y1)=(0.15,0.35)、(0.42,0.09)、(0.42,0.13)、及び(0.15,0.40)の4点を結んで囲まれた領域内の任意の点で定まることを特徴とする半導体レーザ。4. The semiconductor laser according to claim 1 , wherein an Al composition and a Ga composition of the barrier layer are (x1, y1) = (0.15, 0.35) when an x1y1 plane is assumed. ), (0.42, 0.09), (0.42, 0.13), and (0.15, 0.40) are determined at an arbitrary point in an area surrounded by connecting the four points. A semiconductor laser characterized by the above. 請求項1乃至3のいずれか一つに記載の半導体レーザにおいて、前記井戸層にヘビーホールおよびライトホールのエネルギーの井戸を形成するとともに、前記バリア層のライトホールの連続準位が前記井戸層のヘビーホールの量子準位より低く、かつ前記井戸層のライトホールの量子準位が前記バリア層のライトホールの連続準位と等しくなるようにしたことを特徴とする半導体レーザ。4. The semiconductor laser according to claim 1, wherein a well of energy of a heavy hole and a light hole is formed in the well layer, and a continuous level of the light hole of the barrier layer is a level of the well layer. A semiconductor laser characterized in that it is lower than a quantum level of a heavy hole and a quantum level of a light hole in the well layer is equal to a continuous level of a light hole in the barrier layer.
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