JP4302199B2 - Stereo microscope that can be observed by multiple people - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention includes a stereomicroscope having a pair of left and right aperture stops that divide light beams for left and right eyes behind a common optical system including a variable magnification optical system, and performing stereoscopic observation with the left and right eyes. It is about.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The stereomicroscope is capable of magnifying and observing an object and obtaining three-dimensional information. Therefore, the stereomicroscope is effective when working on the object, and particularly effective as a surgical microscope.
[0003]
Such a stereomicroscope will be described using a surgical microscope as an example.
[0004]
In order to enable a more difficult operation, a surgical microscope is desired to have a configuration in which a plurality of observers can observe images simultaneously and freely.
[0005]
In order to meet this requirement, an example of a surgical microscope in which light beams forming respective images viewed by the left and right eyes are passed through a single variable magnification optical system is described in JP-A-4-156212. Surgical microscopes are known. In this conventional example, the observation direction can be freely changed by rotating the aperture stop for the left and right optical paths provided behind the variable magnification optical system around the optical axis of the variable magnification optical system. It is a structure that can be observed by a person.
[0006]
As another conventional example, a stereomicroscope described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-318882 is known. In this conventional example, a relay system is arranged behind the above-mentioned variable magnification optical system so as to correct aberrations satisfactorily. For this purpose, the light path is bent to lower the eye point toward the object side by providing a reflecting member for the longer optical path length. Further, in order to reduce the change in stereoscopic effect due to zooming, the stop is placed at a position conjugate with the aperture.
[0007]
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a stereoscopic microscope that enables observation from a free direction. In the figure, 1 is a half mirror, 2 is an objective lens, 3 is a stereoscopic effect adjusting diaphragm, 4, 5 and 6 are reflecting members, 7 is an afocal zoom system, 8 is a light dividing member, 9 is a reflecting member, and 10 is a reflecting member. A relay system first lens, 11, 12, and 13 are reflecting members, and 14 is a relay system second lens.
[0008]
In such a conventional stereomicroscope, an illumination device for illuminating coaxially with the observation axis of the observation object is provided on the side opposite to the object side of the half mirror 1 (above the half mirror 1 in the figure). A light beam from an object illuminated by the illumination device is reflected by the half mirror 1 and passes through the objective lens 2 to become an afocal light beam. This afocal light beam is used for adjusting the stereoscopic effect 3 in order to suppress the change of the stereoscopic effect caused by zooming. The Then, it is reflected by the reflecting members 4 and 6 and goes upward in the drawing. After passing through the afocal zoom system 7 coaxial with the objective lens 2 arranged behind the reflecting member 6, the light is divided by the light dividing member 8. That is, the light beam emitted from the afocal zoom system 7 is reflected by the light splitting member 8, reflected by the reflecting member 9 and directed downward in the drawing, and then the object by the first lens 10 of the relay system that forms an afocal light beam. After the image is formed, the light is reflected by the reflecting members 11, 12, and 13 so that the extension of the incident optical axis (incident optical axis to the half mirror 1) from the object is directed upward in the drawing, and is substantially parallel to the incident optical axis. become. As a result, even when using an optical system with a long optical path length, the object position can be brought close to the observer's eye position, the eye point position can be lowered, and it can be handled in the same way as an ordinary stereo microscope. I have to. In this optical system, it is easy to adjust the pupil position if a lens is arranged near the image forming point of the relay system.
[0009]
Next, an intermediate barrel portion that divides a light beam for two-person observation as a conventional example of an intermediate barrel portion that is observed by a plurality of observers like the stereomicroscope of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
[0010]
In FIG. 11, 15 is a beam splitter that divides into a main observation side and a sub-observation side, 16 is a roof prism provided on the main observation side, and 17 is a lens barrel on the main observation side. Reference numeral 18 denotes a parallelogram prism, 19 denotes a three-time reflection roof prism, 20 denotes an image rotator, and 21 denotes a sub-observation side lens barrel. These constitute an optical system on the sub-observation side.
[0011]
In the intermediate lens barrel portion shown in FIG. 11, the light beam that has entered the beam splitter 15 out of the light beam that has exited the one-time imaging relay system and passes through the beam splitter is directed toward the main observation side. That is, the light beam that has passed through the beam splitter 15 is made into an erect image by the erect roof prism 16, and then enters the main observation side lens barrel 17 and is observed by the main observer.
[0012]
Further, the light beam reflected by the beam splitter 15 is directed to the sub-observation side and enters the parallelogram prism 18. After being emitted, the light beam passes through the roof prism 19 to become an erect image and passes through the image rotator 20. Then, the light enters the auxiliary lens barrel 21 and is observed by the auxiliary observer.
[0013]
As described above, the secondary observation side intermediate lens barrel uses a parallelogram prism to be separated from the main observation side by an appropriate distance, and can be rotated about the optical axis of the relay system as a rotation axis. By rotating the optical system behind the roof prism 19 with the optical axis between the roof prism 16 and the roof prism 19 as a rotation axis, and simultaneously rotating the sub-observation side lens barrel at an angle twice this rotation, You can change the viewing direction without rotating the image. The opening is positioned away from the main observation side and sub-viewing side lens barrels 19 and 21 so that the optical path length substantially coincides with the main observation side. In consideration of downsizing of the image rotator, the opening is It is installed in front of the image rotator 20.
[0014]
If this intermediate lens barrel is used, observation can be performed simultaneously by two observers. Further, by arranging the divided portions in several stages, simultaneous observation by three or more observers becomes possible.
[0015]
If a stereomicroscope using this intermediate lens barrel is used for surgery, a plurality of surgeons can participate. However, it is desirable that the distance between the operator and the surgical site is short. If there are three surgeons, more advanced surgery is possible, and a microscope with a close object and three eyes and a bright image is desired.
[0016]
However, in this conventional example, it cannot be said that these requirements are sufficiently satisfied.
[0017]
Information that is effective for surgery can be obtained from invisible light or weak light. For example, when observed with infrared rays, the skin becomes transparent and the position of the blood vessel becomes clear, and fluorescence observation makes cancer cells emit specific fluorescence. Sometimes. A television image is effective for observing these, and the television image can be easily determined by enhancing a slight difference by edge enhancement or color enhancement. It is desirable that these television images be provided to a plurality of surgeons so that they can be stereoscopically observed and confirmed while working during surgery. In addition, it is desirable that the TV shooting position is small so as not to interfere with work.
[0018]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
A first object of the present invention is to provide a stereomicroscope that is observed by a large number of observers, and in which an eye point is positioned close to a surgical surface.
[0019]
A second object of the present invention is to provide a stereomicroscope capable of performing stereoscopic imaging in accordance with the observation direction of the observer.
[0020]
A third object of the present invention is to provide a stereomicroscope that enables observation and stereoscopic imaging by a large number of observers and is a small imaging device.
[0021]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The stereomicroscope according to the present invention includes an objective lens system, a variable magnification optical system, and a lens barrel optical system. The optical axes of the objective lens system and the variable magnification optical system coincide with each other, and at least one imaging point is formed. The lens barrel optical system includes a pair of left and right aperture stops, an imaging lens, and an eyepiece lens, and the left and right observation optical axes respectively determined by the left and right aperture stops are different from the optical axes of the variable power optical system. A reflection member having a light splitting surface that splits the light flux from the variable magnification optical system into transmission and reflection, and the light splitting surface or the light splitting surface of one of the reflecting members is extended. The surface where the surface and the light dividing surface of another reflecting member or a surface obtained by extending the light dividing surface intersect is inside the light beam from the variable magnification optical system.
[0022]
That is, the present invention comprises, for example, an objective lens system, a variable magnification optical system, and a lens barrel optical system as shown in FIG. 10, and the optical axes of the objective optical system and the variable magnification optical system coincide with each other, and at least one of them. It has two image forming points, and the lens barrel optical system is composed of a pair of left and right aperture stops, an image forming lens, and an eyepiece lens, and can be observed simultaneously by many observers.
[0023]
For this purpose, the stereomicroscope of the present invention has, for example, a configuration comprising the objective lens 2 shown in FIG. 10, the afocal zooming system 7 installed coaxially therewith, and the once-imaging afocal relay systems 10-14. The luminous flux after exiting the afocal relay system is divided into two parts from the center, for example, left transmission / reflection and right transmission / reflection, using a three-part prism 22 as shown in FIGS. is there. The intersection of the surface reflecting in the left direction and the surface reflecting in the right direction intersects the exit optical axis of the afocal relay system that forms a single image. As a result, the dividing prism can be reduced in size, the eye point of the main observer on the side transmitting the dividing prism can be kept away from the object, and the decrease in the brightness of the entire image can be reduced. Further, when the number of splitting by the splitting prism is increased to enable observation by a larger number of observers, for example, the boundary between the splitting surfaces is within the light flux emitted from the second lens (lens 14 in FIG. 2) of the relay system. The same effect can be obtained if it is positioned within the light flux having a width D of 1.
[0024]
The other configuration of the stereomicroscope according to the present invention includes an objective lens, a variable magnification optical system, a lens barrel optical system, and the like as described above. A stereoscopic imaging system is further provided, and a stereoscopic image by this stereoscopic imaging system is mirrored. It is characterized in that it corresponds to an observation image by a cylindrical optical system.
[0025]
Therefore, a plurality of lens barrel optical systems are provided, and stereoscopic imaging corresponding to each of the observation optical systems is performed so that a captured stereoscopic image can be observed. In other words, a reflecting member that matches the number of reflections and the position of the pupil is provided in front of the stereoscopic television optical system, and this is installed and used instead of either the left or right lens barrel on the sub-observation side. In this case, it is preferable that the lens barrel in which the stereoscopic television optical system is installed and the other lens barrel are interlocked so that the observation position does not change. Further, a television photographing system may be arranged on the transmission side of the light dividing member 8 shown in FIG. 10 so that this and the main observation side lens barrel move in conjunction with each other. In this way, it is possible to make sure that there is no difference in the observation position even when the television image and the observation image are switched on either the main observation side or the sub-observation side.
[0026]
By configuring in this way, an image formed with light that cannot be seen with the naked eye, an image that is dark and difficult to confirm, an image emphasized by image processing, and the like are switched and observed or overlapped with the observation image, so that the work is uncomfortable. There are few mistakes and efficient work is possible.
[0027]
Next, in another configuration of the stereoscopic microscope of the present invention, the stereoscopic microscope as described above includes a stereoscopic imaging device having a pair of optical paths including a first optical path and a second optical path. It has an imaging optical system that forms an image of a light beam once, and the aperture stop of the stereoscopic imaging apparatus is made to substantially coincide with the aperture stop of the lens barrel optical system.
[0028]
That is, for example, a television photographing system is attached to the transmission side of the light dividing member 8 in the optical system having the configuration shown in FIG. 10 or one of the left and right sub-observation side lens barrels 21 shown in FIG. It is necessary to match the pupil on the observation side with the aperture stop of the imaging system. Therefore, in the present invention, an image is formed once in the photographing system, an aperture stop is provided, and a conjugate position of the aperture stop is provided on the object side. In that case the left and right light path Long In order to match, the configuration as shown in FIG. 5 was adopted. In other words, in order to adjust the optical path length, a portion where the optical axes of both optical paths are parallel is provided, and the optical path length is adjusted by moving the reflecting member provided in the section where the optical axes are parallel. In this way, the optical path length can be adjusted without any major change. In the configuration shown in FIG. 5, this portion extends from the incident optical axis of the reflective member 37L of the left-eye optical path to the outgoing optical axis of the reflective member 38L, and from the incident optical axis of the reflective member 36R of the right-eye optical path to the reflective member 37R. This is the part up to the emission optical axis. As a result, the adjustment can be performed while maintaining a small size. Furthermore, if this configuration is adopted for both the left and right optical systems, the plane determined by the parallel optical axes is orthogonal, so that arrangement with a small volume is possible.
[0029]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, a first embodiment of the stereomicroscope of the present invention will be described.
[0030]
The first embodiment of the present invention divides a light beam emitted from a variable magnification optical system to enable observation by a plurality of observers. For example, the optical system (objective lens or variable magnification optical system shown in FIG. The light beam emitted from the second lens 14 of the relay system of the optical system including the system etc. is divided into a plurality of parts by the light dividing member and can be observed by many observers.
[0031]
1 and 2 show a split system that splits the light emitted from the variable magnification optical system into a main observation side and two sub-observation sides in the first embodiment of the stereomicroscope of the present invention. Reference numeral 2 denotes a dividing system that divides a light beam into three as an example.
[0032]
FIG. 1 shows the sub-observation side, 14 is a second lens of the relay system, and 22L and 22R are light splitting members (light splitting prisms) for splitting the light flux from the second lens 14, respectively. The side is divided into three directions, that is, the main observation side (FIG. 2) and the left and right reflections. A line (intersection line) where the reflecting surfaces of the light splitting prisms 22L and 22R intersect with the exit optical axis of the relay system second lens 14 is configured to intersect. This makes it possible to divide the light equally between the left and right sub-observation sides. As shown in FIG. 2, the light beam transmitted through the light splitting prism 22 to the main observation side is incident on the main observation side roof prism 23, and a lens barrel rotated 180 ° by the roof prism 23 is attached. The lens barrel has an imaging lens, an erecting optical system, and an eye width adjustment mechanism, and the tilt angle is variable. In this state, the aperture stop 25 is arranged at a conjugate position at the maximum magnification of the stereoscopic observation adjusting diaphragm and the afocal zoom system so as to suppress an increase in stereoscopic effect at the maximum magnification.
[0033]
The left and right sub-observation sides reflected by the light splitting prisms 22L and 22R are arranged symmetrically with respect to the plane including the emission optical axis of the second lens 14 of the relay system.
[0034]
Next, the sub-observation side of the first embodiment will be described in more detail.
On the right sub-observation side, the light beam that has entered the light splitting member 22R from the second lens 14 of the relay system is reflected by the inner half mirror surface, and then is reflected once more inside to be incident on the light splitting member 22R. The light is emitted in a direction inclined by 45 ° with respect to the optical axis. The light beam emitted from the light splitting member 22R enters the sub-observation side roof prism 28, and is reflected by the reflecting surface and the roof surface three times in total, and then in a direction perpendicular to the incident optical axis of the light splitting member 22R. That is, it is injected in the direction of the horizontal plane. Subsequently, a wedge prism 30 is arranged to reduce the movement of the image center. That is, the wedge prism 30 can compensate for the insufficient processing accuracy of the image rotator prism 29, and the image rotator prism can be made inexpensive. A sub-observation side lens barrel 21 is provided on the exit side of the wedge prism 30.
[0035]
Unlike the main observation side lens barrel, the sub observation side lens barrel 21 does not have an aperture stop, but is otherwise the same as the main observation side lens barrel. The aperture stop is provided, for example, at a conjugate position when the afocal zoom system 7 of the stereoscopic effect adjusting stop 3 shown in FIG. 10 is at the maximum magnification. In the optical system of this embodiment, the wedge prism 30 and the sub observation side lens barrel 21 are provided. Is located between. The left sub-observation side is symmetric with the right sub-observation side, and the operation is the same.
[0036]
The optical axis (observation optical axis) determined by the aperture stop and the image plane of the lens barrel is a light dividing member. From 22R This is set as shown in FIG. FIG. 9 is a diagram of the light splitting prisms 22L and 22R as viewed from the second lens 14 side of the relay system. The left eye opening 54L on the main observation side, the right eye opening 54R, and the left and right eyes on the left sub-observation side. Openings 55L, 55R, Right vice Observation side Left and right Eye openings 56L and 56R are shown. Further, the emitted light beam 57 of the second lens 14 of the relay system is narrowed by the stereoscopic effect adjusting diaphragm as the magnification increases, and becomes the emitted light beam 58 at the highest magnification. By arranging in this way, the light beam is narrowed by the light splitting members 22L and 22R, and dimming around the field of view and image blurring can be reduced.
[0037]
Here, as shown in FIG. 9, when the optical axis interval of the lens barrel is A and the distance between the surfaces including the left and right observation optical axes on the left and right sub-observation sides is B, the dimming around the visual field is satisfied if the following conditions are satisfied. Less is.
[0038]
0.6 ≦ B / A ≦ 0.8
Even if there is some darkening around the field of view, narrow the field of view by increasing the focal length of the tube lens or increasing the magnification of the lens barrel optical system by increasing the magnification of the eyepiece. Therefore, dimming around the visual field can be eliminated.
[0039]
In addition, the optical system on the sub-observation side is configured such that the image rotator prism 29 and the wedge prism 30 are integrated and can be rotated about an intermediate axis between the two observation optical axes for the left eye and the right eye. That is, as shown by 60 in FIG. 1, it can rotate and constitutes a first rotating portion. In addition, the sub-observation side lens barrel 21 including the aperture stop is also referred to with the center of the left and right observation optical axes as the rotation axis. 61 The second rotating portion is configured so as to be able to rotate as shown in FIG.
[0040]
If the rotation angle α1 of the first rotation unit and the rotation angle α2 of the second rotation unit are rotated in the following relationship, the lens barrel can be rotated without rotating the image.
[0041]
α1: α2 = 1: 2
This is effective as image correction for the sub-observer when the observer on the main observation side tilts the mirror back and forth.
[0042]
Further, as shown by 67 in FIG. 1, rotation from the sub-observation side roof prism 28 to the sub-lens 21 is performed with the middle of the left and right observation optical axes between the light splitting member 22R and the sub-observation side roof prism 28 as a rotation axis. Thus, the observation direction can be changed somewhat. In this case, the boundary of the reflecting surface is not on the exit optical axis of the second lens 14 of the relay system, but the reflecting surface in the exiting light beam includes the boundary of the reflecting surface. Similarly, the observation direction is slightly changed by slightly rotating the light dividing member 22R to the sub observation barrel 21 integrally with the rotation axis as the intermediate axis between the left and right observation optical axes on the incident side of the light dividing member 22R. Can do.
[0043]
Further, the observation positions of the three persons can be changed by rotating the left and right sub-observation sides together as shown in 68 of FIG. 1 with the emission optical axis of the second lens 14 of the relay system as the rotation axis. At this time, it is preferable that the main observation side does not move in conjunction with the movement of the sub-observation side.
[0044]
Next, the main observation side of the stereomicroscope according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described as an example of a three-person observation unit (three divisions).
[0045]
The main observation unit of the first embodiment is configured as shown in FIG. 2, and is directed to the half mirror 1 in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the half mirror 1 shown in FIG. 10 (hereinafter referred to as a shift direction). This is an example in which the eye point of the eyepiece is not separated from the extension of the incident optical axis. In other words, this is an example in which the observer's eyes are not separated from the optical axis incident on the half mirror 1. The eye point of the eyepiece may be away from the incident optical axis, but the incident optical axis direction of the half mirror 2 is preferable for performing various operations on the object while observing the one closer to the observer's eyes. This is due to the strong demand of observers. The first embodiment is configured in accordance with this demand. That is, the roof prism 23 on the main observation side is the same as the roof prism on the sub-observation side shown in FIG. 1, but on the main observation side, the light beam emitted from the roof prism 23 is reflected in the shift direction through the reflection prism 24 that reflects twice. I am doing so. An aperture stop 25 is provided after exiting the reflecting prism 24. This is installed at a position to relay at the maximum magnification of the afocal zoom system of the stereoscopic effect adjusting diaphragm. On the image side of the aperture stop 25, a main observation side lens barrel 21 having no aperture stop is attached.
[0046]
In the first embodiment on the main observation side, the eye point approaches the incident optical axis direction and is separated in the shift direction by adopting the configuration as described above.
[0047]
In addition, the main observer can observe in an arbitrary direction by rotating the main observation side lens barrel 21 as indicated by reference numeral 62 in FIG. Observation with a comfortable posture is possible.
[0048]
In addition, since the left and right sub-observation light beams on the sub-observation side of the first embodiment pass through different surfaces by the light splitting members (22L, 22R,), a difference occurs in the center and in focus. In order to correct this, an afocal variable magnification lens is inserted between the reflecting member 24 on the main observation side and the lens barrel 21, and the center and the focal point are adjusted with this variable magnification lens. The same applies to the second embodiment described later.
[0049]
3 and 4 are diagrams showing the configuration of the main observation side and the sub observation side according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
[0050]
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an optical system on the main observation side, taking an example for three-person observation in the second embodiment. In this optical system, the reflecting surfaces for reflecting twice the outgoing light beam after being split and reflected by the light splitting member 31 shown in FIG. 4 are arranged in parallel to each other. That is, two reflecting members (reflecting prisms) 26 and 27 are arranged after the light beam is emitted, and these reflecting prisms are arranged so that their reflecting surfaces are parallel to each other. As a result, the eye point position can be adjusted while being parallel to the optical axis of the light emitted from the roof prism 23. In addition, the two-reflection prism is composed of two prisms 26 and 27, so that the aperture stop 25 can be installed between both prisms at a position almost conjugate with the stereoscopic effect adjusting stop. After passing through the aperture stop 25, the prism 27 The main observation side lens barrel 21 is arranged at the position of the light beam emitted in a direction parallel to the emission direction. , By providing an afocal variable magnification lens as in the first embodiment, it is possible to adjust the center and the focal point. Further, the reflecting prism 27 and the lens barrel can be moved within the allowable range in the emission direction of the reflecting prism 26. However, if the allowable range is exceeded, an image shift occurs, which is not preferable. The aperture stop 25 can also be moved within an allowable range, but if the allowable range is exceeded, the difference between the left and right brightness on the image plane becomes large. By such movement of the lens barrel or the like, the observer can freely select the position of the eye point in the incident optical axis direction and the shift direction, and an appropriate eye point can be obtained. In this case, the adjustment may be performed by inserting a specific unit for separating the interval between the reflecting prisms 26 and 27 instead of the continuous adjustment. According to this means, it is possible to prevent the interference of the lens barrel having the protruding portion.
[0051]
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an optical system of a dividing unit (sub-observation side) taking the three-part dividing type in the second embodiment of the stereomicroscope of the present invention as an example. This embodiment is an example in which the eye points on the left and right sub-observation sides are lowered. Therefore, the angle of the light beam emitted from the light splitting member 31 is set to 30 ° with respect to the horizontal, and the reflecting prism 32. The sub-observation side double reflection roof prism 33 allows the light beam emitted from the roof prism 33 to be in the horizontal direction. In this embodiment, the image rotator prism 29 and the wedge prism 30 are further disposed after the roof prism 33 is emitted, and the lens barrel 21 is further arranged as in the first embodiment.
[0052]
As described above, the secondary observation side of the second embodiment has a low eyepoint on the secondary observation side by reducing the light splitting exit angle. Further, the intersecting line of the left and right half mirror surfaces of the split prism 31 is set to be on the extension of the emission optical axis of the relay system second lens 14. With this optical axis as the rotation axis, only the sub-observation side can be rotated as shown at 68 in FIG. In this case, the boundary of the reflecting surface is not on the exit optical axis of the second lens 14 of the relay system, but the boundary of the reflecting surface is included in the reflecting surface in the emitted light flux.
[0053]
FIGS. 1 to 4 showing the first and second embodiments described above all show only one optical axis, but each comprises an optical system for the left eye and the right eye. This is an optical system having two optical paths (optical axes). The sub-observation side optical system shown in FIGS. 1 and 4 and the main observation side optical system shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 can be used in any combination. Further, the optical system on the sub-observation side in FIG. 4 may be configured to be separated on the right and left by the rotation shaft 69. In this case, one of the optical systems on the sub-observation side is the optical system on the sub-observation side in FIG. It can also be used by replacing it with a system. When the optical system is divided into two optical systems as described above, the optical systems on the individual sub-observation sides can be rotated independently as in FIG. Also in FIG. 1, one of the optical systems on the sub-observation side can be replaced with the optical system on the sub-observation side in FIG.
[0054]
Next, in the stereomicroscope of the present invention, a stereoscopic image is obtained using a stereoscopic photographing system, and the third embodiment is an embodiment in which the stereoscopic image corresponds to an observation image. The form will be described.
[0055]
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a third embodiment of the stereomicroscope of the present invention. In this figure, 34L and 34R are imaging lenses for the left and right observation systems, 35L, 36L, 37L, 38L, and 40L, and 35R, 36R, 37R, 38R, and 40R are reflection members (reflection prisms, total reflections) for the left and right observation systems, respectively. Prisms, reflecting mirrors) 39L, 41L and 39R, 41R are the left and right relay optical systems, respectively.
[0056]
In the optical system shown in the drawing, the optical path for observing the left eye is transmitted through the imaging system imaging lens 34L and reflected by the reflecting member (reflection prism) 35L in a direction perpendicular to the plane including the optical axis of the imaging system imaging lens 34L. Reflected by the reflecting member (reflecting prism) 36L in the direction perpendicular to the imaging optical axis for the left and right eyes of the reflecting member 35L, and then reflected by the reflecting member 36L in the direction perpendicular to the imaging optical axis for the left and right eyes of the reflecting member 35L. And is reflected by the reflecting member 37L in the direction parallel to the left-eye imaging optical axis passing through the left-eye imaging lens 34L, and the left eye between the reflecting member 36L and the reflecting member 37L is reflected by the reflecting surface of the reflecting member (reflecting prism) 38L. The light is directed in a direction parallel to the photographing optical axis for light and is reflected in a direction parallel to the photographing optical axis for the left eye between the reflecting member 35L and the reflecting member 36L by the reflecting surface of the reflecting member (reflecting prism) 40L. The directing. The reflecting member (reflecting prism) 42L is a reflecting member attached in accordance with the position of the television camera, and is not necessary when a small television camera is attached. Even if it is attached on the extension of the emission optical axis of the reflecting member 40L. Good. Reference numeral 59R denotes an imaging surface on the left eye side.
[0057]
On the other hand, the right-eye observation system is for left and right photographing in which a light beam is incident on the reflecting surface of the reflecting member 35R parallel to the left-eye photographing optical axis between the reflecting member 35L and the reflecting member 36L after passing through the left-eye imaging lens 34R. Reflects in the opposite direction to the plane containing the optical axis. The light beam reflected by this surface is reflected by the reflecting surface of the reflecting member 36R in the same direction parallel to the left-eye photographic optical axis between the reflecting member 36L and the reflecting member 37L. Next, the light flux is directed in the opposite direction parallel to the reflecting member 35R and the reflecting member 36R by the reflecting surface of the reflecting member 37R, and reflected by the reflecting member 38R in the same direction parallel to the reflecting member 37L and the reflecting member 38L. 40R reflects in the same direction parallel to the optical axis for the left eye between the reflecting member 40L and the reflecting member 42L. Further, the light beam may be omitted depending on the size of the television camera in the reflecting member 42R as well as the left eye reflecting member 42L. Reference numeral 59R denotes an imaging surface on the right eye side.
[0058]
As described above, due to the left and right photographing optical systems, the left and right optical systems have the same image rotation due to the rotation of the left and right prism systems.
[0059]
The lens system of the left and right photographing optical system needs to have an aperture stop at a position conjugate with the stereoscopic effect adjusting diaphragm 3. Therefore, it is necessary to form an image of the aperture stop outside the photographing system. For this reason, it is necessary to arrange a relay lens that forms an image once inside the photographing system and forms this image again. Then, it is only necessary to place a television photographing system at this second image point to photograph the image. An aperture stop is placed between the first image forming point and the second image forming point, and the image is taken out of the photographing system and relayed to a position conjugate with the stereoscopic effect adjusting stop 3.
[0060]
An embodiment of the relay system will be described.
[0061]
6 and 7 show examples of the optical path for the left eye of this relay system, and have the following data. Example 1
r ₁ = 52.2595 d ₁ = 3.8000 n ₁ = 1.52249 ν ₁ = 59.84
r ₂ = -25.8263 d ₂ = 2.2000 n ₂ = 1.61293 ν ₂ = 36.99
r _Three = -92.6980 d _Three = 4.0000
r _Four = ∞ d _Four = 20.0000 n _Three = 1.56883 ν _Three = 56.36
r _Five = ∞ d _Five = 19.0000 n _Four = 1.56883 ν _Four = 56.36
r ₆ = ∞ d ₆ = 40.5000
r ₇ = ∞ d ₇ = 13.0000 n _Five = 1.56883 ν _Five = 56.36
r ₈ = ∞ d ₈ = 8.5000
r ₉ = ∞ d ₉ = 12.0000 n ₆ = 1.56883 ν ₆ = 56.36
r _Ten = ∞ d _Ten = 19.0000
r ₁₁ = ∞ d ₁₁ = 11.0000 n ₇ = 1.56883 ν ₇ = 56.36
r ₁₂ = ∞ d ₁₂ = 5.8000
r ₁₃ = ∞ (aperture) d ₁₃ = 7.7000
r ₁₄ = 16.7708 d ₁₄ = 3.1404 n ₈ = 1.69680 ν ₈ = 55.53
r ₁₅ = 144.6710 d ₁₅ = 4.3618
r ₁₆ = 79.2665 d ₁₆ = 1.5331 n ₉ = 1.67270 ν ₉ = 32.10
r ₁₇ = 9.0778 d ₁₇ = 3.0000
r ₁₈ = 12.3898 d ₁₈ = 3.9647 n _Ten = 1.58913 ν _Ten = 61.14
r ₁₉ = -62.1435 d ₁₉ = 4.0000
r ₂₀ = ∞ d ₂₀ = 21.7300 n ₁₁ = 1.56883 ν ₁₁ = 56.36
r _{twenty one} = ∞ d _{twenty one} = 31.5000
r _{twenty two} = ∞ (image)
[0062]
Example 2
r ₁ = 48.7360 d ₁ = 5.0000 n ₁ = 1.48749 ν ₁ = 70.23
r ₂ = -30.5370 d ₂ = 2.0000 n ₂ = 1.83400 ν ₂ = 37.16
r _Three = -57.0210 d _Three = 4.0000
r _Four = ∞ d _Four = 20.0000 n _Three = 1.56883 ν _Three = 56.36
r _Five = ∞ d _Five = 20.0000 n _Four = 1.56883 ν _Four = 56.36
r ₆ = ∞ d ₆ = 30.5000
r ₇ = ∞ d ₇ = 12.0000 n _Five = 1.56883 ν _Five = 56.36
r ₈ = ∞ d ₈ = 10.0000
r ₉ = ∞ d ₉ = 12.0000 n ₆ = 1.56883 ν ₆ = 56.36
r _Ten = ∞ d _Ten = 18.0000
r ₁₁ = ∞ d ₁₁ = 2.5000 n ₇ = 1.51633 ν ₇ = 64.14
r ₁₂ = -35.4270 d ₁₂ = 3.0000
r ₁₃ = ∞ d ₁₃ = 12.0000 n ₈ = 1.56883 ν ₈ = 56.36
r ₁₄ = ∞ d ₁₄ = 3.0000
r ₁₅ = ∞ (aperture) d ₁₅ = 14.9936
r ₁₆ = 14.4950 d ₁₆ = 3.1000 n ₉ = 1.63980 ν ₉ = 34.46
r ₁₇ = 30.3850 d ₁₇ = 4.0121
r ₁₈ = -25.5920 d ₁₈ = 2.0000 n _Ten = 1.72825 ν _Ten = 28.46
r ₁₉ = 10.6910 d ₁₉ = 4.5100
r ₂₀ = 31.4850 d ₂₀ = 1.4500 n ₁₁ = 1.80518 ν ₁₁ = 25.42
r _{twenty one} = 17.0410 d _{twenty one} = 3.3800 n ₁₂ = 1.81600 ν ₁₂ = 46.62
r _{twenty two} = -17.0410 d _{twenty two} = 11.2749
r _{twenty three} = ∞ d _{twenty three} = 21.2450 n ₁₃ = 1.56883 ν ₁₃ = 56.36
r _{twenty four} = ∞ d _{twenty four} = 33.5830
r _{twenty five} = ∞ (image)
Embodiment 1 of the relay system is shown in FIG. 6, where 34L is an imaging lens, flat plates 35L, 36L, 37L, 38L, and 40L are all reflecting prisms shown in FIG. 5, 41L is a relay lens, and 43L is an aperture. Aperture.
[0063]
In the first embodiment, an afocal beam emitted from the afocal system 7 by the imaging lens 34L passes through the reflecting members 35L and 36L and then forms an image inside the reflecting member 37L. After imaging, after passing through the reflecting members 38L and 40L, an aperture stop 43L is provided at a position conjugate with the stereoscopic effect adjusting diaphragm 3, and a relay lens for re-imaging the image formed in the reflecting member 37L behind the aperture stop 43L. 41L is arranged, and the relay lens 41L transmits the reflecting member 42L to form an image on the imaging surface 59L.
[0064]
The observation system for the right eye has the same configuration as the observation system for the left eye, but the arrangement position of the reflecting member is slightly different from that for the left eye. That is, in Example 1, the reflecting member 37R is on the object side 7.5 mm from the reflecting member 37L. Further, the reflecting member 38R is located on the 9.5 mm image side from the reflecting member 38L. On the other hand, in Example 2, 37R is 4.5 mm closer to the object side than 37L. Further, 38R is on the 13.5 mm image side from 38L. In any case, the arrangement of the reflecting members of the observation optical system for the right eye and the observation optical system for the left eye can be arranged as shown in FIG. 5 without affecting the imaging performance without changing the optical path length.
[0065]
In the first embodiment, since the chief rays emitted from the relay system are not parallel, there is no problem in using a single plate television camera using a mosaic filter, but a three plate television camera using a three-color separation prism is used. And color shading occurs.
[0066]
In the second embodiment of the relay system, an afocal beam emitted from the afocal zoom system 7 is imaged in the middle of parallel plates (reflecting members) 37L and 38L by the imaging lens 34L with the configuration shown in FIG. After the light beam passes through the reflecting member 38L, it is re-imaged behind the reflecting member 42L by the relay lens 39L. At this time, the light beam emitted from the relay lens 41L is telecentric.
[0067]
As described above, the second embodiment is characterized in that the light beam emitted from the relay lens 41L is telecentric, and this can suppress the occurrence of color shading even when a color separation prism using an interference film is used. That is, the relay lens 39L is configured to be telecentric and to correct aberrations well.
[0068]
As in the stereomicroscope of the present invention, the stereoscopic imaging system becomes difficult to observe if there is a difference between the left and right images such as the focus position except for the left and right image shift due to parallax. For this purpose, the left and right optical systems are generally the same, and therefore it is necessary to match the left and right optical path lengths. In addition, it is necessary to reduce the size of the camera in a restriction that the position is determined by the shape of the TV camera. Furthermore, the optical system of the present invention has a long overall length, and therefore it is effective to lay out the optical system so that there is little mechanical movement and a sufficient optical path length can be taken.
[0069]
For this reason, it is possible to include two or more reflecting surfaces so that the optical axis from incident to emission is on a plane, the optical axes of incidence and emission are parallel, and the light traveling direction is opposite. preferable.
[0070]
The optical system shown in FIG. 5 has a configuration from the emission of the reflection member (reflection prism) 36L to the incidence of the relay lens and a section from the emission of the reflection member (reflection prism) 35R to the optical axis from the incidence to the reflection member 36R. The arrangement is as described above. As a result, when the reflecting member is moved in the optical axis direction, the optical path length changes by a length twice as much as the amount of movement, which is effective for adjusting the optical path length.
[0071]
In the configuration shown in FIG. 5, the optical path for the left eye moves the reflecting member 37L and the reflecting member 38L in the direction of the parallel optical axis, that is, moves in the directions of arrows 63 and 64, and the optical path for the right eye reflects the reflecting member 36R. It is also effective to move the member 37R, that is, move in the direction of the arrows 65 and 66, and use this portion as an adjustment location. Further, it is desirable to make the three-dimensional protrusion small by making the plane perpendicular to the right and left photographing optical paths. Further, when the reflecting members 35L, 36L, 35R, 36R and the like are fixed, it is desirable to join the 35L and 36L and the 35R and 36R so that the entire optical system can be miniaturized. In all of the embodiments of the relay system, 35L and 36L and 35R and 36R are joined.
[0072]
In this stereoscopic imaging system, the plane including the incident optical axes for the left and right eyes is parallel to the plane including the incident optical axis and the reflected optical axis of the light splitting member 8 shown in FIG. If the imaging system imaging lens 34R is positioned on the reflecting member 9 side of the member 8, the orientation of the image on the sub-observation side can be adjusted in the same direction as the main observation side.
[0073]
Since the stereoscopic photographing system having the above-described configuration in the present invention is arranged behind the light splitting member 8 of the optical system shown in FIG. 10, reflection by the reflecting member of the photographing system is an odd number of times. However, when the photographing system is attached to the observation lens barrel 21 in FIGS. 1 to 4, the number of reflections until the light enters the photographing system is an even number, so that the image becomes a back image. The positions of the stereoscopic effect adjusting diaphragm 3 and the aperture stop are not matched. Therefore, the number of reflections is adjusted, and in order to maintain the conjugate relationship between the aperture stop and the stereoscopic effect adjusting diaphragm 3, an odd number of reflective reflecting members are formed in the stereoscopic imaging system. In front of the lenses 34L and 34R, it is necessary to be attached instead of the lens barrel.
[0074]
Next, an optical system configured to provide television images to a plurality of observers according to a fourth embodiment of the stereomicroscope of the present invention will be described.
[0075]
An embodiment of a configuration in which a television image can be observed using the optical system of the present invention which is simultaneously observed by three observers by the above three divisions will be described.
[0076]
FIG. 8 shows a configuration capable of observing the television image. In the figure, 44L and 44R are observation imaging lenses for the left and right eyes, 45L and 45R are reflection portions, 46L and 47L, and 46R and 47R, respectively. Is an image rotator, 48L, 48R and 49L, 49R are reflecting members, 50L, 50R are image insertion members, 51L, 51R are eyepieces, 52L, 52R are display devices, and 53L, 53R are imaging lenses.
[0077]
In the observation lens barrel having the configuration shown in FIG. 8, an afocal light beam enters the imaging lens 44L in the optical system on the left eye side, and an image is formed by this lens. The light is reflected by the reflecting member 45 in the direction perpendicular to the incident optical axis, is incident on the image rotators 46L and 47L, is reflected five times therein, and then is emitted onto the extension line of the incident optical axis. Here, the light beam emitted from the image rotator 47L is incident on the reflection member 48L and reflected three times therein, and then is emitted parallel to the incident optical axis and in the direction opposite to the incident direction. The light beam emitted from the reflecting prism 48L is incident on the reflecting member 49L, reflected in a right angle direction, and emitted. The image forming point by the image forming lens 44L is positioned after being reflected by the reflecting member 49L. The image formed by the imaging lens 44L is enlarged and observed by the eyepiece lens 51L.
[0078]
Further, the right eye side is enlarged and observed by the right eye through the eyepiece 51R by the same action.
[0079]
In the above optical system, the image rotator 46L, 47L and 46R, 47R can be an erect image by rotating the image rotator around its optical axis so that the image becomes an erect image.
[0080]
In FIG. 8, since the configuration is described so as to be easy to understand, the image rotator in the state of this figure does not form an erect image, but is actually an arrangement rotated by 90 ° around the rotation axis.
[0081]
Here, in order to change the tilt angle, the image rotator is rotated by an angle θ around the rotation axis, and the image from the reflecting member 48L after the image rotator to the eyepiece 51L is rotated by 2θ around the same rotation axis. The tilt angle can be made variable without rotating.
[0082]
Further, in order to adjust the eye width of the eyepiece, it is possible to move from the reflecting member 49L to the eyepiece 51L in the direction of the incident optical axis of the reflecting member 29L.
[0083]
In order to maintain the in-focus state, the eyepiece 51L is also moved in the optical axis direction in accordance with the movement of the eye width adjustment.
[0084]
In addition, in order to display an image captured by the stereoscopic imaging system, display devices 52L and 52R are installed in the lens barrel, and this is configured to match the image planes of the eyepieces 51L and 51R by the relay lenses 53L and 53R. Yes.
[0085]
As described above, the image insertion member 50L allows the image of the photographing system to be directly observed on the eyepiece lens 51L. The display device 52L may be a reflective liquid crystal display in addition to a liquid crystal monitor. As the image insertion member 50L, a switching mirror is used when switching and a half mirror is used when combining.
[0086]
Furthermore, when the TV imaging system is provided on the main observation side, it is disposed behind the reflecting member 8, and when it is provided on the sub observation side, it is attached to the sub observation side that is not used for the left and right of the three-person observation. You can do it. It is desirable that the sub-imaging system to which the imaging system on the sub-observation side is attached is adapted to align the image direction with the sub-observation system on the other sub-observation side. For this reason, the odd-number reflection reflective member attached in front of the sub-photographing system has a plane (surface including the optical axis) formed by the optical axis inside the reflective member that includes the left and right optical axes of the sub-photographing system. Should be parallel to each other. Further, the left-eye imaging system of the sub-imaging system may be aligned with the right-eye emission optical path of the sub-imaging system. As a result, an image in the same direction can be obtained even when switching to the captured image on the sub-observation side. In this captured image, parallax occurs due to the difference between the actual observed image and the aperture position, but the difference is slight and there is no practical problem.
[0087]
Further, the main observation side rotates with the lens barrel as an axis on the extension of the exit optical axis of the second lens 14 of the relay system that enters the lens barrel, and in conjunction with this rotation, the imaging optical system for the main observation side Is rotated with the optical axis of the afocal zoom system 7 as the rotation axis, and the sub-observation side is formed by integrating the three-divided prism with the left and right sub-observation sides as the rotation axis and the optical axis of the second lens 14 exiting the relay system as the rotation axis. By rotating, the relationship between the images of the sub-imaging system and the sub-observation system can be maintained. In addition, when the incident optical axis of the reflecting member 28 is rotated about the rotation axis, the reflecting member 28 can move in conjunction with each other so that there is no difference in image orientation between the sub observation system and the sub photographing system.
[0088]
Further, the rotation of the lens barrel by the image rotator 29 does not move the optical axis on the object side, so that no interlocking mechanism is necessary. Therefore, when a stereoscopic photographing system is attached to the image rotator 29, it is desirable to fix the image rotator 29 and the imaging device.
[0089]
With the above configuration, the observer's eye point does not increase even when the left and right stereoscopic imaging system and the image insertion device are installed, and both the primary observer and the secondary observer are good. A TV observation image with a three-dimensional effect can be obtained.
[0090]
In the stereomicroscope of the present invention, in addition to the configurations described in the claims, the stereomicroscope described in the following items can also achieve the object of the invention.
[0091]
(1) An entity characterized in that in the stereomicroscope described in claim 2, the imaging direction of the stereoscopic imaging system is changed in accordance with the change in the observation direction of the lens barrel optical system. microscope.
[0092]
(2) In the stereomicroscope described in the above section (1), the zooming system includes an afocal zooming system and a relay system, and at least one stereoscopic photographing system forms an image with the afocal zooming system once. A stereomicroscope characterized by being arranged in a light beam divided by a light dividing member arranged between relay systems.
[0093]
(3) In the stereomicroscope described in the above item (2), an imaging device provided with another imaging system is provided for the light beam after exiting the one-time imaging relay system, and the imaging device and the light dividing member The stereomicroscope which is common with the imaging device provided with the imaging system in the light beam divided | segmented by this.
[0094]
(4) In the stereomicroscope described in claim 1, the position where the light dividing surface of the light dividing member or the surface obtained by extending the light dividing surface intersects with the optical axis of the variable magnification optical system. A stereomicroscope characterized by that.
[0095]
(5) In the stereomicroscope described in the above item (4), a plurality of reflected light beams reflected by the light splitting surface of the light splitting member share a common optical axis determined by the left and right eye observation aperture stops. A stereomicroscope characterized by having an image rotator to be used for the above.
[0096]
(6) In the stereomicroscope described in claim 3 of the claims, each of the first optical path and the second optical path has an imaging optical system, and both the imaging optical systems are formed on the same lens. A stereomicroscope characterized by comprising a reflecting member for matching the orientation and magnification of an image in the stereoscopic imaging system.
[0097]
(7) In the stereomicroscope described in the above item (6), the photographing system is telecentric by disposing a lens between the aperture and the image point between the imaging point and the image plane inside the stereoscopic imaging system. A stereomicroscope designed to be
[0098]
(8) A stereomicroscope according to the item (7), wherein the number of reflections of the stereoscopic imaging system can be switched between an odd number and an even number.
[0099]
(9) In the stereomicroscope described in claim 3 of the claims, the first optical path and the second optical path each have at least two reflecting surfaces, and are incident on one of the reflecting surfaces. A stereomicroscope characterized in that one optical axis and a second optical axis emitted from the reflecting surface are parallel to each other.
[0100]
(10) In the stereomicroscope described in the above item (9), a first plane including the first optical axis and the second optical axis in the first optical path, and the second optical path A stereomicroscope characterized in that the first optical axis and the second plane including the second optical axis in the above cross each other.
[0101]
(11) A stereomicroscope according to the item (10), wherein the first plane and the second plane are orthogonal to each other.
[0102]
(12) In the stereomicroscope described in claim 2 of the claims, the stereoscopic microscope has a plurality of light splitting members each having a light splitting surface for splitting the light beam from the variable magnification optical system into transmission and reflection. A stereomicroscope characterized in that an optical system is connected to one of the light splitting members and the stereoscopic imaging system is connected to another light splitting member.
[0103]
【The invention's effect】
According to the stereomicroscope of the present invention, a plurality of observers can observe a stereoscopic image with the same magnification in the same field of view at an easy-to-see position, and the eye point of each observer can be positioned close to the object. . Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to realize a stereomicroscope equipped with a stereoscopic photographing apparatus that can be observed in a small size with little difference between left and right images and can be attached instead of a lens barrel. In addition, a stereomicroscope equipped with this imaging device can also bring an eye point closer to an object, and a plurality of observers can observe a television image that does not change the observation image.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration on a sub-observation side of a first embodiment of a stereomicroscope according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration on the main observation side of the first embodiment of the stereomicroscope of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of a main observation side of a second embodiment of a stereomicroscope according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration of a sub-observation side of a second embodiment of a stereomicroscope according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a configuration of an imaging system used in the stereomicroscope of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of a relay system used in the imaging system.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a relay system used in the imaging system.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a configuration of an optical system that enables observation on a television image.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the positional relationship of the openings of the divided part for three-person observation
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration from an objective lens to a relay system of a conventional stereomicroscope.
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a configuration of a split unit for two-person observation of a conventional stereomicroscope
[Explanation of symbols]
21 Tube
22L, 22R Light splitting member
23, 28 Dach Prism
25 Aperture stop
29 Image Rotator

Claims (7)

An objective lens system, a variable magnification optical system, and a lens barrel optical system, wherein the optical axes of the objective lens system and the variable magnification optical system coincide with each other and have at least one imaging point, In the stereomicroscope, in which the optical system includes a pair of left and right aperture stops, an imaging lens, and an eyepiece lens, and the left and right observation optical axes determined by the left and right aperture stops are different from the optical axis of the variable power optical system, The stereomicroscope further includes a stereoscopic imaging system having a pair of optical paths of a first optical path and a second optical path, and the stereoscopic imaging system includes left and right imaging optical systems that image a light beam once, The two optical paths constituting the imaging optical system each have a reflecting surface that changes the optical path, and an image is formed on the imaging surface through different paths in which the left and right optical paths changed many times on the reflecting surface are not symmetrical with each other A stereomicroscope designed to be used.   The first light path and the second light path are deflected by 90 ° on the reflecting surface of the light beam emitted from the relay optical system of the photographing system, moved in a plane perpendicular to the light beam, and further moved in the plane to the first light path. 2. The stereomicroscope according to claim 1, wherein the second two optical paths are imaged after passing through different paths that are not symmetrical with each other. Each imaged after the two optical paths is moved along respective different optical paths other same plane parallel to the deflection further the surface in a direction perpendicular to the surface after deflection respectively different directions in said plane The stereomicroscope according to claim 2.   4. The stereomicroscope according to claim 2, wherein a section in which optical axes of both optical paths are parallel to each other is provided in the first optical path and the second optical path. Other than the optical axis of the light beam incident on one of the reflection surfaces arranged in each of the first and second optical paths and the light beam reflected by the reflection surface arranged on the image side 5. The stereomicroscope according to claim 4, wherein the optical axes of the light beams reflected by the reflecting surface are parallel to each other.   The plane determined by the two parallel optical axes in the first optical path and the plane determined by the two parallel optical axes in the second optical path are configured to be orthogonal to each other. The stereomicroscope according to claim 4 or 5.   7. The stereomicroscope according to claim 3, wherein the imaging optical system is rotatable with the optical axis of the variable magnification optical system as a rotation axis.

Images