JP4307946B2 - Bumper with built-in airbag - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an air bag built-in bumper, and more particularly to a vehicular bumper that detects a sudden collision with a collision target and deploys the built-in air bag in advance.

Conventionally, for example, as shown in FIG. 9 , in order to ensure the safety of an occupant at the time of a collision of a passenger car 100, the driver seat 101 has an airbag 103 provided at the center of the steering wheel 102, and the passenger seat 104 has a dashboard. The airbag 106 provided in 105 is inflated and deployed by nitrogen gas generated at the time of collision to restrain the occupant's head and chest, so that the head and chest are impacted by secondarily hitting the steering wheel and windshield. Is prevented. Further, a side airbag may be provided in addition to the front side of the occupant. These airbags 103 and 106 are detected in a time of 100 milliseconds or less after detecting that the acceleration sensor 107 provided in the floor tunnel portion in the vehicle or the sensors of the left and right front fenders (not shown) collide, for example. It swells (see, for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).
JP-A-5-170041 ([0007], [0008], FIG. 1) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-001198 ([0007], [0020], FIG. 1)

  As described above, the conventional airbags 103 and 106 are deployed when the acceleration sensor detects a sudden deceleration at the time of collision, but the impact is detected by deploying the airbag in advance. It is more preferable that the vehicle can be mitigated, and further, it is desirable that the airbag can be deployed between the collision target and the vehicle to mitigate the impact. Further, the conventional airbags 103 and 106 cannot deal with passive collisions.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and provides a bumper incorporating an airbag that can detect a collision and can be deployed between a collision target and a vehicle in advance of the collision to mitigate the impact of the collision. As an issue

  The above problem can be solved by the configuration of claim 1, and the solution means will be described as follows.

The bumper with a built-in airbag according to claim 1 is a bumper for a vehicle, and is configured to be separable into at least an upper half part and a lower half part, and the upper half part and the lower half part are normally mechanically formed by an engagement tool. Engagement and built-in airbag, and when a sensor detects a vehicle collision, the engagement tool is removed prior to the collision, and then the bumper is separated into at least the upper half and the lower half In addition, the built-in airbag is deployed forward.
Such a bumper with a built-in airbag deploys an airbag between the vehicle and the subject of the collision prior to the collision, which reduces the impact received by the occupant compared to conventional airbags, as well as engines and gasoline. Reduce the impact on the tank.

The bumper with a built-in airbag according to claim 1 that is dependent on claim 1 is a pyrotechnic product of a time difference drive mechanism in which the engagement member is removed and the upper half and the lower half are separated on the front end side of the bumper. The explosive combustion gas pressure is used as a drive source, and the airbag is deployed in conjunction with the activation of the time difference drive mechanism.
Such a bumper with a built-in airbag can accurately remove in order the removal of the engagement tool required before the deployment of the built-in airbag and separation into the upper half and the lower half of the bumper.

The bumper with a built-in airbag according to claim 1 that is dependent on claim 1 is provided with an ultrasonic sensor that can detect the Doppler effect of the reflected wave by radiating the ultrasonic wave forward and receiving the reflected wave from the collision target. It is what has been.
These bumpers with built-in airbags can be easily detected by the ultrasonic Doppler effect, and in the case of passive collisions as well as frequent frontal collisions and offset collisions, Can accurately capture the situation that is approaching.

The bumper with a built-in airbag according to claim 4 that is dependent on claim 3 is configured such that when a sudden collision is detected by a Doppler effect of a reflected wave from a collision target detected by an ultrasonic sensor, The built-in airbag is deployed by being separated into the lower half.
Depending on the installation location of such a bumper with built-in airbag, not only in the case of frequent frontal collisions and offset collisions, but also in the case of collisions from the rear, for example, the impact of deploying the airbag with the collision target is received. Reduce.

The bumper with a built-in airbag according to claim 2, which is dependent on claim 2, has a first drive body in which the time difference drive mechanism projects the engagement tool forward by the pressure of explosive combustion gas of a single pyrotechnic, The one drive body is composed of a second drive body that is driven with a delay and projects into a bumper and separates into at least an upper half portion and a lower half portion.
Such a bumper with a built-in air bag makes it possible to disengage the engagement tool required before the airbag is deployed and to separate the bumper into the upper half and the lower half in a very short time when a collision is detected. Can be executed in order.

  The air bag built-in bumper of the present invention configured as described above has the following effects.

  According to the bumper with a built-in airbag according to claim 1, when a collision is detected by the sensor, the engaging tool that engages the upper half and the lower half of the bumper is first removed before the collision, and then the bumper Is separated into at least the upper half and the lower half, and the built-in airbag is deployed forward. The applied impact is also reduced.

  According to the bumper with a built-in airbag according to claim 2, the explosive combustion of the pyrotechnics of the time difference driving mechanism in which the engagement tool is removed and the upper half and the lower half are separated on the front end side of the bumper. Since the airbag is deployed in conjunction with the activation of the time difference driving mechanism, the deployment of the built-in airbag in advance of the collision can be performed in order and in a very short time.

  According to the bumper with a built-in airbag according to claim 3, since the ultrasonic sensor that can radiate ultrasonic waves forward and detect the Doppler effect of the reflected wave from the collision target is provided as the sensor, It is possible to grasp the coming situation realistically and cope with the deployment of airbags accurately.

  According to the bumper with a built-in airbag according to claim 4, when a sudden collision is detected by the Doppler effect of the reflected wave from the collision target detected by the ultrasonic sensor, the bumper is at least the upper half and the lower half. Since the built-in airbag is deployed separately, depending on the location of the bumper with built-in airbag, not only frequent frontal collisions and offset collisions but also collisions from the rear, for example, The impact received by the airbag being deployed can be reduced.

  According to the bumper with a built-in airbag according to claim 5, the time difference drive mechanism has a first drive body that projects the engagement tool forward using the pressure of explosive combustion gas of a single pyrotechnic as a drive source; The drive body is composed of a second drive body that is driven with a delay and separates the bumper into at least an upper half portion and a lower half portion. The subsequent separation of the upper half and the lower half of the bumper is reliably performed in a very short time, and the airbag can be smoothly deployed.

  As described above, the bumper with a built-in airbag according to the present invention is a vehicle bumper and is configured to be separable into at least an upper half and a lower half, and the upper half and the lower half are always engaged. When a vehicle collision is detected by the sensor, the engagement device is removed prior to the collision, and then the bumper is at least in the upper half and the lower half. And the built-in airbag is deployed forward.

In addition to simply separating the upper and lower halves vertically, the bumper can be separated into the left and right halves so that they can be separated independently in the upper and lower parts. The right part may be divided into three parts so that each can be independently separated vertically, and the separation method is not limited. Whether the bumper is divided into two or three, the bumper can be separated from the top and the bottom to simplify the separation of the bumper necessary for deployment of the built-in airbag. Needless to say, when the device is divided into two or three parts, an engaging tool for the upper half and the lower half is required.

The bumper that is separable into at least the upper half and the lower half is mechanically engaged with an engagement tool that can engage the upper half and the lower half at the center. The engaging tool may engage a projecting portion partially provided at the center of each of the upper half and the lower half, and the entire center extends from the upper half to the lower half. May be sandwiched between them. The both ends of the upper half and the lower half are either mechanically engaged with the vehicle body side or connected with hinges and attached to the vehicle body side. In any case, when a collision is detected, it is necessary to remove the engaging tool and separate the upper half and the lower half up and down before the airbag is deployed. In other words, the engaging tool should be removed in a very short time when a collision is detected, with the upper half and the lower half integrated so as not to drop off during normal operation so that the bumper functions sufficiently.
For this purpose, the engagement tool is preferably pinned or spot welded to a portion of the bumper for easy removal.

And after removal of an engaging tool, a bumper is isolate | separated into at least an upper half part and a lower half part, and it is required that it does not become a hindrance to the deployment of the following airbag. In addition, these series of operations must be performed in a very short time, for example, (1/100) second or less. Therefore, as a time difference drive mechanism that first detaches the bumper engagement tool and then separates the bumper at least in the upper half and the lower half, the explosive combustion gas pressure of the pyrotechnics is used as the drive source. A first driving body that is driven and a second driving body that is driven in a different direction slightly later than the first driving body are used.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an example of the time difference driving mechanism as described above, and shows a state before operation. And FIG. 5 is sectional drawing which shows the state after the action | operation of the same time difference drive mechanism. Referring to FIG. 4, the time difference drive mechanism 10 has a first piston body 14 slidably inserted into a first cylinder hole 12 of a cylindrical first cylinder body 11, and the first piston body 14 has a rod portion. 14a, the piston part 14b, and the communicating hole obstruction | occlusion part 14c. Then, the communicating hole closing portion 14c is fixed by a fixing pin P ₁ is a first Shirin'nda body 11. Further, an annular stopper 13 of the first piston body 14 is screwed to the upper end portion of the first cylinder hole 12, and the rod portion 14 a passes through a hole in the center portion of the annular stopper 13. In addition, an O-ring R ₁ is interposed between the inner wall of the first cylinder body 11 and the piston portion 14b so as to hermetically seal the space therebetween.

Further, a second cylinder body 21 is screwed into an annular mounting portion 15 provided on the side wall on the lower end side of the first cylinder body 11, and a second cylinder hole 22 of the second cylinder body 21 has a second cylinder hole 22. The piston body 24 is slidably inserted. The second piston body 24 includes a cylindrical body 25 that slides in the second cylinder hole 22 and a rod 28 that slides in the cylindrical body 25 over almost the entire length of the cylindrical body 25. The cylindrical body 25 is fixed to the second cylinder body 21 at the distal end side by a fixing pin P _2. Similarly, the cylindrical body 25 and the rod 28 are also fixed at the distal end side by a fixing pin P ₃ . The fixing pin P ₁ and the fixing pins P ₂ and P ₃ are broken by a first piston body 14 that receives high-pressure combustion gas due to an explosion of a pyrotechnic, which will be described later, and a cylindrical body 25 that is a second piston body 24 and a rod 28. Is done. In addition, an O-ring R ₂ is provided between the inner wall of the second cylinder body 21 and the cylinder body 25 so as to hermetically seal the space between the inner wall of the second cylinder body 21 and the rod 28. An O-ring R ₃ is interposed.

  Further, the communication hole 18 between the first cylinder hole 12 and the second cylinder hole 22 is provided on the side wall of the first cylinder body 11 at a position where the first piston body 14 is closed by the communication hole closing portion 14c before the first piston body 14 is driven. Is formed. In addition, a flange portion 23 whose diameter is narrowed is formed on the front end side of the second cylinder main body 21, and the flange portion 26 on the rear end side of the cylindrical body 25 abuts and stops. Further, a flange portion 27 that narrows the diameter is formed on the distal end side of the cylindrical body 25, and serves as a stopper that stops when the flange portion 29 on the rear end side of the rod 28 abuts.

  In addition, a pyrotechnic cartridge 31 containing pyrotechnics is inserted and screwed into the annular mounting portion 16 provided on the side wall facing the second cylinder main body 21 on the lower end side of the first cylinder main body 11. ing. Then, by energizing the electrodes provided inside the energizing connector portion 31a which is the outside of the annular mounting portion 16, ignition of the igniting agent in the pyrotechnic cartridge 31 and associated explosive combustion of the pyrotechnic are performed. Occurring and generating high-pressure combustion gas.

Then, when a sudden collision is detected by the ultrasonic sensor 8, the time difference drive mechanism 10 is activated by the detection signal. That is, the sealed space below the first piston body 14 of the first cylinder hole 12 of the first cylinder body 11 is first filled with high-pressure gas generated by explosive combustion of the pyrotechnics when the electrodes of the pyrotechnic cartridge 31 are energized. Filled in A. As a result, the fixing pin P ₁ that fixes the communication hole blocking portion 14c to the first cylinder body 11 is broken, and the first piston body 14 is rapidly raised as shown in FIG. Thus, the first piston body 11 is stopped when the engagement tool 3 between the upper half 2a and the lower half 2b of the bumper 2 is disengaged and the piston 14b comes into contact with the annular stopper 13. In addition, the communication hole closing portion 14c rises in the middle and the communication hole 18 appears, so that the high-pressure combustion gas flows from the sealed space A through the communication hole 18 into the second cylinder hole 22, and FIG. As shown in the figure, the cylinder 25 and the rod 28 are driven and pushed out rapidly to the right, and the upper half 2a and the lower half 2b of the bumper 2 are pushed up and separated vertically as will be described later.

That is, due to the gas pressure flowing in, the fixing pin P ₂ fixing the cylinder 25 and the fixing pin P ₃ fixing the rod 28 are broken, so that the cylinder 25 is attached to the inner wall of the second cylinder body 21. The flange portion 26 on the rear end side comes into contact with the flange portion 23 on the front end side of the second cylinder body 21 and is stopped. At the same time, the rod 28 driven to the right is stopped when the flange portion 29 on the rear end side comes into contact with the flange portion 27 on the front end side of the cylindrical body 25. As described above, the second piston body 24 of the second cylinder body 21 has a two-stage configuration of the cylindrical body 25 and the rod 28, so that it is almost twice as driven as the first piston body 14 having a single-stage configuration. Have a stroke.

  In addition, as the airbag itself, what is generally used at present is adopted as it is by changing the deployment shape. That is, the airbag device is composed mainly of an airbag made of a woven body such as polyamide and synthetic rubber, urethane rubber, and other rubber components, and a gas generator not shown for inflating the airbag. Has been. The airbag is folded and accommodated in a bumper, and a gas generator that generates a gas mainly composed of nitrogen gas by electrical ignition and inflates the airbag is used.

  Furthermore, as a sensor for detecting a collision, any sensor may be used as long as it can detect a collision during traveling in advance. For example, a microwave radar can be used. That is, by calculating the time difference between the signal transmitted from the transmission antenna and the signal reflected from the collision target and returned to the reception antenna, the distance between the target and the collision target can be obtained by multiplying by the microwave speed, It is possible to track distances that become sensitive over time. In addition, the Doppler effect can be used to grasp the approach situation. Laser radar can be used in the same way, and collisions can be detected by the Doppler effect of ultrasonic waves.

That is, the ultrasonic sensor is preferably used because it emits ultrasonic waves using a piezoelectric element as a transducer and can detect the Doppler effect of the reflected wave in a relatively simple manner by receiving the reflected wave from the collision target. As an ultrasonic sensor, an ultrasonic radiating element and a reflected wave receiving element may be provided independently, and electrical processing of the received wave is required. It is also possible to use the same piezoelectric element. When a sudden collision is detected upon receiving a reflected wave of an ultrasonic wave from the collision target, the time difference drive mechanism is immediately activated, and first the first drive body of the time difference drive mechanism is driven so that the upper half of the bumper and The engagement tool with the lower half is cut off, and then the second driving body is driven to separate the upper half and the lower half vertically. Then, nitrogen gas protruding from the gas generator is injected into the air bag in conjunction with the activation of the time difference drive mechanism, and the air bag is inflated forward from between the upper half and the lower half of the bumper and deployed. .

  Next, the bumper with a built-in airbag according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a passenger car in which an airbag-equipped bumper 1 according to an embodiment is mounted on the front side. That is, in the bumper 1 with a built-in airbag, the bumper 2 is composed of an upper half 2a and a lower half 2b, and the upper half 2a and the lower half 2b are engaged by the engagement cap 3 at the front end as will be described later. The rear end sides of the upper half 2a and the lower half 2b are mechanically locked to the vehicle body side. An ultrasonic sensor 8 is attached to the engagement cap 3, and the ultrasonic wave is radiated forward to receive a reflected wave from the collision target, and whether or not a collision with a large impact is caused by the Doppler effect of the reflected wave. A determination is made. A number plate N is below the engagement cap 3.

  FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing only the operation of the bumper 1 with a built-in airbag taken out from FIG. 1, and FIG. 2-A shows a state before the operation of the bumper 1 with a built-in airbag. That is, the upper half 2a and the lower half 2b of the bumper 2 are engaged by the engagement cap 3 with the ultrasonic sensor 8 at the center on the front end side. FIG. 2B shows a state in which the time difference drive mechanism 10 is activated when the ultrasonic sensor 8 detects a collision with the collision target, and the first piston body 14 is driven to protrude the engagement cap 3 from the inside. 2C, the second piston body 24 (cylinder body 25 and rod 28) of the time difference drive mechanism 10 is driven to separate the bumper 2 into the upper half 2a and the lower half 2b, and from there The state which the airbag 4 was expand | deployed ahead is shown.

  FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view in the center of the bumper 1 with a built-in airbag shown in FIG. FIG. 3-A is a view corresponding to FIG. 2-A and shows a state before the operation of the bumper 1 with a built-in airbag. As described above, in the bumper 1 with a built-in airbag, the bumper 2 is composed of the upper half 2a and the lower half 2b, and the tip protrusion 2a 'and the lower half 2b of the upper half 2a formed at the center are formed. The front end protrusion 2b ′ is covered with the engagement cap 3, and the upper half 2a and the lower half 2b are engaged. The engagement cap 3 is pinned by a tip protrusion 2 a ′, a tip protrusion 2 b ′, and a rivet-like pin 6. Further, on the front end side inside the bumper 2, a time difference drive mechanism 10 similar to that shown in FIG. 4 is attached on the gantry 5 fixed to the lower half 2 b, and the tip of the first piston body 14. Is in contact with the inner surface of the engagement cap 3 and the tip of the second piston body 24 is in contact with the inner surface of the upper half 2a. The airbag 4 is accommodated in a folded state behind the time difference drive mechanism 10.

  FIG. 3B is a view corresponding to FIG. 2B, and when the collision is detected by the ultrasonic sensor 8, the time difference drive mechanism 10 is activated, and the first piston body 14 is first driven to engage the engagement cap. 3 shows a state in which the pin 6 that is pinned 3 to the upper half 2a and the lower half 2b of the bumper 2 is broken and the engagement cap 3 is protruded from the inside. FIG. 3C is a view corresponding to FIG. 2C, and the upper half 2a is driven by the second piston body 24 driven later than the first piston body 14 after the engagement cap 3 is removed. Is pushed up from the lower side, and the lower half 2b is dropped downward by the reaction, and then the gas is projected from the gas generator (not shown) in conjunction with the activation of the time difference drive mechanism 10, and the airbag 4 is inflated. Shows the state of being deployed forward. It should be noted that improvements such as devising the shape of the airbag and mounting a pair of airbags on the left and right sides can be made as appropriate so that the time difference drive mechanism does not interfere when the airbag is deployed.

  The bumper 1 with a built-in airbag according to the present embodiment detects a collision by the ultrasonic sensor 8 as described above, and deploys the airbag 4 built in the bumper 2 between the collision target to mitigate the impact of the collision. Therefore, not only a large impact is not given to the occupant, but also the impact to the engine or the gasoline tank is small, and the damage caused by the collision can be extremely reduced.

  As described above, the bumper with built-in airbag according to the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments. Of course, the present invention is not limited to this, and various modifications can be made based on the technical idea of the present invention.

  For example, in the present embodiment, the bumper 2 is separated into the upper half 2a and the lower half 2b, and the bumper 1 with the airbag is built in to cover both the frontal collision and the offset collision. Divide into two parts, the left half and the right half, so that each can be further divided into an upper half and a lower half. Any one of the airbags may be deployed in response to the collision. In this case, the ultrasonic sensor is also required for the left half and the right half, but by setting two ultrasonic sensors on the left and right, the left or right offset is compared with the case of the embodiment. Sensitivity to collision increases. And the left half part and the right half part operate | move simultaneously and can fully respond to a frontal collision.

  Further, in this embodiment, the ultrasonic sensor 8 is attached only to the engagement tool 3, but as shown in FIG. 6, a plurality of (four in FIG. 6) are provided to cover the entire width of the bumper 1 with a built-in airbag. For example, the ultrasonic sensor 8 may be disposed in the upper half 2a of the bumper 2, for example. As a result, the accuracy when receiving the reflected wave from the collision target is further improved, and it is also possible to determine whether the collision is a frontal collision or an offset collision. In addition, as shown in FIG. 7, an ultrasonic sensor may be provided independently for the ultrasonic radiation element 9 and the reflected wave receiving element 9 ′. Even when it is difficult to return, the reflected wave can be effectively received.

In the present embodiment, the case where the airbag built-in bumper 1 is attached to the front side of the passenger car is illustrated, but the airbag built-in bumper may be provided on the rear side. In addition, as shown in FIG. 8, in addition to the front side, the airbag built-in bumper 1 of the present invention may be attached to a low position of each door, thereby deploying the airbag in advance against a collision from the side. Can be made. In FIG. 8, the airbag in which the bumper is vertically separated is shown. However, the width may be reduced and the height may be slightly increased so that the double door is opened.
In the present embodiment, a passenger car equipped with a bumper with a built-in airbag that replaces the conventional airbag has been exemplified. However, in addition to the bumper with a built-in airbag, a collision is detected in advance in the driver's seat and the passenger's seat. An airbag that is deployed or an airbag that is deployed immediately after a collision may be provided.

Further, in this embodiment, the sudden collision is detected by the Doppler effect of the reflected wave of the ultrasonic wave from the collision target received by the ultrasonic sensor 8, but when the collision target is ahead in the traveling direction, The airbag may be inflated and deployed by a collision detection signal and a vehicle speed signal above a certain level.
In addition, regarding the bumper 2 of FIGS. 1 to 3 in this embodiment, the restorability of the bumper when colliding at a required speed of 4 km or less is not described, but the bumper 2 is a material having a large restorability. It is assumed that a measure such as manufacturing is taken.

It is a perspective view of the passenger car which attached the bumper with a built-in airbag of an example. It is a perspective view which shows the operation | movement of the bumper with a built-in airbag, A is a state before an operation | movement, B is the state where the engagement cap was protruded, C is separated into the upper half part and lower half part of a bumper, and an airbag is forward The expanded state is shown. It is a figure which shows the action | operation of the bumper with a built-in airbag in the cross section of the center of the bumper with a built-in airbag, A, B, and C respond | correspond to FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the state before the action | operation of the time difference drive mechanism currently used for the bumper with a built-in airbag. It is sectional drawing which shows the state after the action | operation of the same time difference drive mechanism. It is a perspective view showing the case where a plurality of (in the figure, four) ultrasonic sensors are attached to the air bag built-in bumper. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a case where an ultrasonic radiation element and a reflected wave reception element are provided independently on an air bag built-in bumper. It is a perspective view which shows the case where the airbag built-in bumper is attached to the door of the passenger car. It is a perspective view which shows the state which the conventional airbag act | operated.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Bumper with built-in airbag 2 Bumper 2a Upper half part 2b Lower half part 3 Engagement cap 4 Airbag 5 Base 6 Pin 8 Ultrasonic sensor 9 Number plate 10 Time difference drive mechanism 11 1st cylinder body
14 1st piston body 14c Communication hole obstruction | occlusion part 18 Communication hole 21 2nd cylinder main body
24 2nd piston body 25 cylinder body 28 rod 31 pyrotechnic cartridge A sealed space P fixing pin RO ring

Claims (5)

A bumper for a vehicle, which is configured to be separable into at least an upper half and a lower half, and normally the upper half and the lower half are mechanically engaged by an engagement tool to incorporate an airbag. When the vehicle detects a collision of the vehicle, the engagement tool is removed prior to the collision, and then the bumper is separated into at least the upper half and the lower half. The bumper with a built-in airbag, wherein the airbag is deployed forward. The removal of the engagement tool and the separation into the upper half and the lower half are performed using the explosive combustion gas pressure of the pyrotechnic of the time difference drive mechanism provided in the front end side of the bumper as a drive source. The airbag built-in bumper according to claim 1, wherein the airbag is deployed in conjunction with the activation of the time difference drive mechanism. The built-in airbag according to claim 1, wherein the sensor is provided with an ultrasonic sensor capable of detecting a Doppler effect of the reflected wave by emitting an ultrasonic wave and receiving a reflected wave from a collision target. bumper. When a sudden collision is detected by a Doppler effect of a reflected wave from the collision target detected by the ultrasonic sensor, the bumper is separated into at least the upper half and the lower half, and the airbag The bumper with a built-in airbag according to claim 3, wherein the bumper is deployed. The time difference drive mechanism is driven by the pressure of the explosive combustion gas of a single pyrotechnic, and the first drive body that projects the engagement tool forward and the first drive body are driven with a delay. The bumper with a built-in airbag according to claim 2, further comprising a second driving body that protrudes from the bumper and separates into at least the upper half and the lower half.

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