JP4316764B2

JP4316764B2 - Ventilator for vehicles

Info

Publication number: JP4316764B2
Application number: JP2000044732A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 秀夫山城; 哲坂中; 直杉本; 修利山口; 正文吉村; 直人田川
Original assignee: Railway Technical Research Institute; Kawasaki Jukogyo KK; Central Japan Railway Co
Current assignee: Railway Technical Research Institute; Central Japan Railway Co; Kawasaki Motors Ltd
Priority date: 2000-02-22
Filing date: 2000-02-22
Publication date: 2009-08-19
Anticipated expiration: 2020-02-22
Also published as: JP2001233207A

Description

【０００１】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は高速鉄道車両用換気装置に適用される車両用換気制御装置に関するものであり、比較的単純な制御手段により、必要な換気量を確保しつつ給排気量を適度に調整して、急激な内外圧力差の変動に関わらず車内圧力変化を許容範囲に抑制し、車内環境を快適な状態に維持し、かつ給気過剰による車内空調装置への過剰負荷を回避することができるものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
列車が高速でトンネルに突入する時やトンネルから脱出する時、あるいは対向車両とすれ違う時には急激な外気圧力の変動が生じ、これに応答して車内圧力も変動することになる。このような場合を考慮し、積極的な車内圧力制御手段を有していない場合には、耳つんと呼ばれる生理的不快感を生じることになる。
従来の鉄道車両用換気装置は、図７に示すように、車内と車外を連通する給気通風管と排気通風管及び給気取り込みのための手段（一般には送風機または走行風圧等を利用）と排気取り込みの手段（一般には送風機または車内外差圧等を利用）で構成されているが、車内圧力を積極的に制御する手段を有しないか、もしくは図８に示すように、給気流量及び排気流量を調整する流量調整弁２ａ，３ａを給気通風管、排気通風管にそれぞれ備えるとともに、車内圧力計測器で計測した車内圧力または車内圧変化率に比例して給気流量調整弁２ａ、排気流量調整弁３ａを作動させ、車内圧力または車内圧力変化率を制御するものであった。その一例が特開平6-144221号公報に記載されている。
【０００３】
【解決しようとする課題】
従来装置のように車内圧力計測値から車内圧力や車内圧力変化率を推定し、これに基づいて上記両流量調整弁を制御する方法では、トンネル突入や脱出、列車すれ違い時の急激な車外圧力変化に対応して車内圧力や車内圧力変化率を迅速に制御するには、車内圧力計測計の精度や制御系の応答速度を高いものにしなければならなかった。
また、過剰な給気量に対する制御手段を持っていないことから、過剰な外気が流入するために列車内空調装置の負荷の増加を招くものであった。
そこで、本発明は、車内圧力計測から車内圧力や車内圧力変化率を推定してこれに基づいて給排気量を調整するのではなく、車内圧力計測値の変化に比して変動の小さい給気流量および排気流量を計測し、その流量差により給排気量を調整するとともに、過剰な外気導入を抑制して必要な換気量を確保しつつ車内圧力変化を抑制して車内環境を快適な状態に維持して、車内空調装置への過剰な負荷を軽減し得る車両用換気制御装置を提供するものである。
【０００４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題解決のために講じた手段は、車内と車外を連通する給気通風管と排気通風管及び給気流量を調節する給気流量調整弁と排気流量を調整する排気流量調整弁を備えた換気装置を前提として、給気流量と排気流量を計測する手段と制御器を設け、給排気流量差を推定し、その給排気流量差が設定された給排気流量差以内になるように給気流量調整弁、排気流量調整弁の開度を制御するようにしたことである。
また、上記給気流量調整弁と排気流量調整弁がともに閉鎖することを前提に制御される場合には、車内外圧力差を検知する手段またはタイマーを設け、給気流量調整弁、排気流量調整弁がともに閉鎖した場合には、車内外圧力差が給排気の可能な設定値以内になり、または給排気弁閉鎖時点から設定時間経過後になれば給気流量調整弁、排気流量調整弁を開制御するようにしたことが、他の解決手段である。
なお、車内圧力変化率と給排気流量差の関係は下式で表されるので、これから必要な車内圧力変化率を制御するための給排気流量差を設定することができる。
ｄｐ／ｄｔ＝｛（ｖ−ｖｌ）／Ｖ｝×Ｐ・・・・▲１▼式
ｄｐ／ｄｔ：車内圧力変化率
ｖ：給排気流量差
ｖｌ：漏洩量（車体の隙間から車外に漏洩する空気流量）
Ｖ：車内の換気区画容積
Ｐ：車内圧力
また、給気流量を検知する手段により給気流量を検知して、設定値以上の給気量が流入しないように、給気流量調整弁を制御することが、さらに他の解決手段である。
【０００５】
【作用】
車外圧力が車内圧力に比べ高くなると給気流量が増加し、排気流量が減少する傾向となり、車内圧力は上昇に向かう。逆に、車外圧力が車内圧力に比べ低くなると、給気流量は減少し、排気流量は増加する傾向となり、車内圧力は下降に向かう。このとき給気流量と排気流量の流量差を検知し、その流量差を設定値以内に保つように給気流量調整弁と排気流量調整弁を制御し、車内圧力変化を緩やかな状態に抑制しつつ換気を行う。すなわち、給気流量が増加する場合には、給排気流量差が設定値以内となるように、排気流量調整弁の開度を増加させるか、それでも給気流量が過大である場合には、給気流量調整弁の開度を絞る制御を行う。
反対に、排気流量が増加する場合には、給排気流量差が設定値以内となるように、給気流量調整弁の開度を増加させ、それでも排気流量が過大である場合には排気流量調整弁の開度を絞る制御を行う。
また、給気流量調整弁、排気流量調整弁のいずれもが閉鎖状態となることを前提とした制御を行う場合には、車内外圧力差を検知することにより、車内外圧力差が当該換気装置の有する給排気昇圧性能以内であれば給排気弁を開動作させ、換気動作を復帰させる。
または、上記の車内外圧力差検知手段の代わりに、タイマーを設置し、給排気弁が閉鎖した時点から設定時間経過後に給排気弁を開動作させることにより、換気動作を復帰させることも可能である。
一方、給気流量を検知する手段により過剰な給気の流入を検知した場合には、給気流量が設定値以下になるように給気流量調整弁を制御して給気流量を絞り、空調装置に過剰な負荷がかかることを防止する。
【０００６】
【実施例】
図１〜図５を参照して、実施例１〜実施例５を説明する。
図１に示す実施例１において、１は車体外壁、２は給気通風管、３は排気通風管、２ａは給気流量調整弁、３ａは排気流量調整弁、２ｂは給気流量計、３ｂは排気流量計、４ａは制御器、６は排気送風機である。
そして、給気流量計２ｂと排気流量計３ｂで計測された給気流量、排気流量から、制御器４ａで給排気流量差を推定し、それが設定した流量差以内となるように給気流量調整弁２ａと排気流量調整弁３ａの開度を制御する。
図２に示す実施例２において、１は車体外壁、２は給気通風管、３は排気通風管、２ａは給気流量調整弁、３ａは排気流量調整弁、２ｃは給気流量調整弁差圧計、３ｃは排気流量調整弁差圧計、４ｂは制御器、６は排気送風機である。
そして、給気流量調整弁差圧計２ｃと排気流量調整弁差圧計３ｃで計測されたそれぞれの差圧から、制御器４ｂで給気流量と排気流量、及び給排気流量差を推定し、その流量差が設定した流量差以内となるように給気流量調整弁２ａと排気流量調整弁３ａの開度を制御する。
一般に、弁を流れる空気流量の差は、弁の前後の差圧の平方根に比例する。また、車内圧力変化率は▲１▼式で示したように、給排気風量差に比例する。これらのことから、差圧計の誤差が車内圧力変化率に及ぼす影響度は、同様の誤差をもった車内圧力計測計を用いて車内圧力変化率を推算しこれに基づいて給排気の流量調整弁を制御する従来装置に比べて、計測計の誤差の平方根となることもあって、小さくなる。
なお、各流量調整弁差圧と流量との関係は図６に示す如くである。
図３に示す実施例３は、実施例１に車内外圧力差計５を設け、給気流量調整弁２ａ、排気流量調整弁３ａがともに閉鎖した場合に、車内外圧力差が給排気が可能となる設定値以内になれば給気流量調整弁２ａ、排気流量調整弁３ａを開制御する機能を制御器４ｃに設けたものである。
図４に示す実施例４は、実施例３の車内外圧力差計５に代えて制御器４ｄにタイマー機能を付加し、給気流量調整弁、排気流量調整弁が閉鎖した時点から設定時間経過後に当該弁を開動作させるものである。
図５に示す実施例５は、実施例１において過剰給気量が流入しないように、許容最大給気流量設定値を制御器４ｅに設定し、給気流量がこの設定値を越えることがないように給気流量調整弁を制御するものである。
【０００７】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したとおり、本発明によると、従来装置のように車内圧力を計測し、その計測結果から車内圧力または車内圧力変化率を推定し、風量調整弁を作動させ、車内圧力または車内圧力変化率を制御するのに比べて、また、急激に変化する車内圧力の計測により制御するに比べて鈍感な給排気流量差を計測し、これが設定値以内になるように給気流量調整弁、排気流量調整弁を制御することによって、車内圧力変化を穏やかにしつつ必要な換気量を容易に確保することができ、また、給気流量検知手段により過剰な給気量の流入を抑制することで、空調装置に過大な負荷がかかることを防止できる。
したがって、車内環境を快適に維持しつつ、高精度で給排気制御を行うことができ、また、車両用換気制御装置の消費電力節減にも大きく寄与することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】は本発明の実施例１を模式的に示すものである。
【図２】は本発明の実施例２を模式的に示すものである。
【図３】は本発明の実施例３を模式的に示すものである。
【図４】は本発明の実施例４を模式的に示すものである。
【図５】は本発明の実施例５を模式的に示すものである。
【図６】は流量調整弁差圧と流量との関係を示すものである。
【図７】は従来例を模式的に示すものである。
【図８】は他の従来例を模式的に示すものである。
【符号の説明】
１：車両外壁
２：給気通風管
２ａ：給気流量調整弁
２ｂ：給気流量計
２ｃ：給気流量調整弁差圧計
３：排気通風管
３ａ：排気流量調整弁
３ｂ：排気流量計
３ｃ：排気流量調整弁差圧計
４ａ：制御器ａ
４ｂ：制御器ｂ
４ｃ：制御器ｃ
４ｄ：制御器ｄ
４ｅ：制御器ｅ
５：車内外差圧計
６：排気送風機
７：給気送風機
８：車内圧力変化率推定器
９：車内圧力計[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a vehicle ventilation control device applied to a high-speed railway vehicle ventilation device, and by adjusting a supply / exhaust amount appropriately while securing a necessary ventilation amount by a relatively simple control means, Regardless of fluctuations in the internal / external pressure difference, the internal pressure change can be suppressed to an allowable range, the internal environment can be maintained in a comfortable state, and an excessive load on the internal air conditioner due to excessive air supply can be avoided. .
[0002]
[Prior art]
When the train enters the tunnel at a high speed, escapes from the tunnel, or passes the oncoming vehicle, a sudden change in the outside air pressure occurs, and in response, the in-vehicle pressure also changes. Considering such a case, when there is no active in-vehicle pressure control means, a physiological discomfort referred to as an ear drop is generated.
As shown in FIG. 7, a conventional railcar ventilation device has a supply air duct, an exhaust ventilation pipe, and means for intake intake (generally using a blower or traveling wind pressure) that communicate between the inside and outside of the vehicle. Although it is composed of exhaust intake means (generally using a blower or a differential pressure inside and outside the vehicle), it does not have a means for positively controlling the pressure inside the vehicle, or as shown in FIG. The flow rate adjusting valves 2a and 3a for adjusting the exhaust flow rate are provided in the air supply ventilation pipe and the exhaust ventilation pipe, respectively, and the air supply flow rate adjustment valve 2a in proportion to the in-vehicle pressure or the in-vehicle pressure change rate measured by the in-vehicle pressure measuring instrument, The exhaust flow rate adjusting valve 3a is operated to control the in-vehicle pressure or the in-vehicle pressure change rate. One example thereof is described in JP-A-6-144221.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved]
As in the conventional system, the method of estimating the in-vehicle pressure and the in-vehicle pressure change rate from the in-vehicle pressure measurement value and controlling the above two flow rate adjustment valves based on this, the rapid outside pressure change at the time of tunnel entry and exit, train passing In order to quickly control the in-vehicle pressure and the rate of change in the in-vehicle pressure, the accuracy of the in-vehicle pressure gauge and the response speed of the control system had to be increased.
In addition, since there is no control means for the excessive air supply amount, excessive outside air flows in, which causes an increase in the load on the air conditioner in the train.
Therefore, the present invention does not estimate the in-vehicle pressure or the in-vehicle pressure change rate from the in-vehicle pressure measurement and adjust the supply / exhaust amount based on the estimated in-vehicle pressure, but does not adjust the supply / exhaust amount based on this. Measures the flow rate and exhaust flow rate, adjusts the supply / exhaust amount according to the difference in flow rate, and suppresses the introduction of excessive outside air to ensure the necessary ventilation volume and suppresses changes in the interior pressure to make the interior environment comfortable The present invention provides a vehicle ventilation control device that can maintain and reduce an excessive load on an in-vehicle air conditioner.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Means taken to solve the above-described problems include an air supply and exhaust pipe that communicates between the inside and outside of the vehicle, an exhaust ventilation pipe, an air supply flow rate adjustment valve that adjusts the supply air flow rate, and an exhaust flow rate adjustment valve that adjusts the exhaust flow rate. Based on the premise of a ventilator, a means and a controller for measuring the supply air flow rate and exhaust flow rate are provided to estimate the supply / exhaust flow rate difference so that the supply / exhaust flow rate difference is within the set supply / exhaust flow rate difference. That is, the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve and the exhaust flow rate adjustment valve is controlled.
In addition, when the control is performed on the assumption that both the air supply flow rate adjustment valve and the exhaust flow rate adjustment valve are closed, a means or a timer for detecting the pressure difference inside and outside the vehicle is provided, and the air supply flow rate adjustment valve and the exhaust flow rate adjustment are provided. If both valves are closed, the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the vehicle will be within the set value that allows supply and exhaust, or if the set time elapses after the supply and exhaust valve is closed, the supply air flow adjustment valve and exhaust flow adjustment valve will be opened. The other solution is to control.
Since the relationship between the in-vehicle pressure change rate and the supply / exhaust flow rate difference is expressed by the following equation, the supply / exhaust flow rate difference for controlling the required in-vehicle pressure change rate can be set.
dp / dt = {(v−vl) / V} × P (1) Expression dp / dt: In-vehicle pressure change rate v: Supply / exhaust flow rate difference vl: Leakage amount (leak outside the vehicle through the gap in the vehicle body) Air flow)
V: Ventilation compartment volume in the vehicle P: Pressure in the vehicle In addition, the air supply flow rate is detected by means for detecting the air supply flow rate, and the air supply flow rate adjustment valve is controlled so that the air supply amount exceeding the set value does not flow in. This is still another solution.
[0005]
[Action]
When the vehicle exterior pressure becomes higher than the vehicle interior pressure, the supply air flow rate increases and the exhaust flow rate tends to decrease, and the vehicle interior pressure increases. Conversely, when the vehicle outside pressure becomes lower than the vehicle interior pressure, the supply air flow rate decreases, the exhaust flow rate tends to increase, and the vehicle interior pressure decreases. At this time, the flow rate difference between the supply air flow rate and the exhaust flow rate is detected, and the supply air flow rate adjustment valve and the exhaust flow rate adjustment valve are controlled so that the flow rate difference is kept within the set value, thereby suppressing the pressure change in the vehicle to a gentle state. While ventilating. In other words, when the supply air flow rate increases, the opening degree of the exhaust flow adjustment valve is increased so that the difference between the supply and exhaust flow rates is within the set value, or when the supply air flow rate is still excessive, Control to reduce the opening of the air flow control valve.
Conversely, if the exhaust flow rate increases, the opening of the air supply flow rate adjustment valve is increased so that the difference between the supply and exhaust flow rates is within the set value. If the exhaust flow rate is still excessive, the exhaust flow rate adjustment Control to reduce the opening of the valve.
In addition, when performing control based on the assumption that both the air supply flow rate adjustment valve and the exhaust flow rate adjustment valve are closed, the vehicle interior / external pressure difference is detected by detecting the vehicle interior / external pressure difference. If it is within the supply / exhaust pressure boosting performance of the engine, the supply / exhaust valve is opened and the ventilation operation is restored.
Or, instead of the above-mentioned vehicle inside / outside pressure difference detection means, it is possible to return the ventilation operation by installing a timer and opening the air supply / exhaust valve after a set time has elapsed since the air supply / exhaust valve closed. is there.
On the other hand, if excessive inflow of air is detected by the means for detecting the air supply flow rate, the air supply flow rate adjustment valve is controlled so that the air supply flow rate becomes less than the set value, thereby reducing the air supply flow rate. Prevent excessive load on the device.
[0006]
【Example】
Examples 1 to 5 will be described with reference to FIGS.
In Example 1 shown in FIG. 1, 1 is a vehicle body outer wall, 2 is an air supply ventilation pipe, 3 is an exhaust ventilation pipe, 2a is an air supply flow adjustment valve, 3a is an exhaust flow adjustment valve, 2b is an air supply flow meter, 3b Is an exhaust flow meter, 4a is a controller, and 6 is an exhaust blower.
Then, the controller 4a estimates the supply / exhaust flow rate difference from the supply / exhaust flow rate measured by the supply / flow meter 2b and the exhaust flow meter 3b, and the supply flow rate is within the set flow rate difference. The opening degree of the regulating valve 2a and the exhaust flow rate regulating valve 3a is controlled.
In the second embodiment shown in FIG. 2, 1 is a vehicle body outer wall, 2 is an air supply ventilation pipe, 3 is an exhaust ventilation pipe, 2a is an air supply flow adjustment valve, 3a is an exhaust flow adjustment valve, and 2c is an air supply flow adjustment valve difference. A pressure gauge, 3c is an exhaust flow regulating valve differential pressure gauge, 4b is a controller, and 6 is an exhaust blower.
The controller 4b estimates the supply air flow rate, the exhaust flow rate, and the supply / exhaust flow rate difference from the differential pressures measured by the supply air flow rate adjustment valve differential pressure gauge 2c and the exhaust flow rate adjustment valve differential pressure gauge 3c. The opening degree of the supply air flow rate adjustment valve 2a and the exhaust flow rate adjustment valve 3a is controlled so that the difference is within the set flow rate difference.
In general, the difference in the air flow rate through the valve is proportional to the square root of the differential pressure across the valve. Further, the rate of change in the in-vehicle pressure is proportional to the difference in the air supply / exhaust air volume, as shown by equation (1). Based on these facts, the degree of effect of differential pressure gauge error on the in-vehicle pressure change rate is estimated by using the in-vehicle pressure gauge with the same error and based on this, the flow adjustment valve for supply and exhaust Compared with the conventional device that controls the error, the square root of the error of the measuring instrument is sometimes reduced.
The relationship between each flow regulating valve differential pressure and the flow rate is as shown in FIG.
In the third embodiment shown in FIG. 3, when the in-vehicle / outside pressure difference meter 5 is provided in the first embodiment and both the supply air flow rate adjustment valve 2 a and the exhaust flow rate adjustment valve 3 a are closed, the in-vehicle outside pressure difference can be supplied and exhausted. The controller 4c is provided with a function to control the opening of the supply air flow rate adjustment valve 2a and the exhaust flow rate adjustment valve 3a.
In the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 4, a timer function is added to the controller 4d in place of the in-vehicle / outside pressure difference meter 5 of the third embodiment, and a set time has elapsed since the supply flow rate adjustment valve and the exhaust flow rate adjustment valve were closed. Later, the valve is opened.
In Example 5 shown in FIG. 5, the allowable maximum supply air flow rate setting value is set in the controller 4e so that the excessive supply amount does not flow in Example 1, and the supply air flow rate does not exceed this set value. Thus, the supply air flow rate adjusting valve is controlled.
[0007]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the vehicle internal pressure is measured as in the conventional device, the vehicle internal pressure or the vehicle internal pressure change rate is estimated from the measurement result, the air volume adjustment valve is operated, and the vehicle internal pressure or the vehicle internal pressure change rate is determined. Compared to the control of the engine, or the control of the in-vehicle pressure that changes abruptly, the difference between the supply and exhaust flow is measured. By controlling the regulating valve, it is possible to easily secure the necessary ventilation volume while moderately changing the pressure inside the vehicle, and by controlling the inflow of excess air supply by the air supply flow rate detection means, air conditioning It is possible to prevent an excessive load on the apparatus.
Therefore, it is possible to perform the air supply / exhaust control with high accuracy while maintaining the in-vehicle environment comfortably, and to greatly contribute to the power saving of the vehicle ventilation control device.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 schematically shows Example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 schematically shows Example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 schematically shows Example 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 schematically shows Example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 schematically shows Example 5 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the flow regulating valve differential pressure and the flow rate.
FIG. 7 schematically shows a conventional example.
FIG. 8 schematically shows another conventional example.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Vehicle outer wall 2: Air supply ventilation pipe 2a: Supply air flow adjustment valve 2b: Supply air flow meter 2c: Supply air flow adjustment valve differential pressure gauge 3: Exhaust air ventilation pipe 3a: Exhaust air flow adjustment valve 3b: Exhaust flow meter 3c: Exhaust flow adjustment valve differential pressure gauge 4a: Controller a
4b: Controller b
4c: Controller c
4d: Controller d
4e: Controller e
5: In-car differential pressure gauge 6: Exhaust blower 7: Supply air blower 8: In-car pressure change rate estimator 9: In-car pressure gauge

Claims

In a ventilator equipped with an air supply ventilation pipe and an air supply flow rate adjustment valve that communicates the inside and outside of the vehicle, and an exhaust ventilation pipe and an exhaust flow rate adjustment valve,
Means for measuring the supply air flow rate and the exhaust flow rate, and the control that estimates the difference between the supply and exhaust flow rates and controls the opening of the supply air flow rate adjustment valve and the exhaust flow rate adjustment valve so that it is within the set supply and exhaust flow rate difference Equipped with
A means for detecting a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the vehicle is provided, and when the air supply flow rate adjustment valve and the exhaust flow rate adjustment valve are both closed, the controller can set the pressure difference between the vehicle inside and outside to allow supply and exhaust. If it is within the value, it has a function to open and control the supply air flow adjustment valve and the exhaust flow adjustment valve,
A vehicle ventilation control device , wherein the controller has a function of controlling an air supply flow rate adjustment valve so that an air supply flow rate does not flow excessively beyond a set value .

In a ventilator equipped with an air supply ventilation pipe and an air supply flow rate adjustment valve that communicates the inside and outside of the vehicle, and an exhaust ventilation pipe and an exhaust flow rate adjustment valve,
Means for measuring the supply air flow rate and the exhaust flow rate, and the control that estimates the difference between the supply and exhaust flow rates and controls the opening of the supply air flow rate adjustment valve and the exhaust flow rate adjustment valve so that it is within the set supply and exhaust flow rate difference Equipped with
When both the air supply flow rate adjustment valve and the exhaust flow rate adjustment valve are closed, the air supply flow rate adjustment valve and the exhaust flow rate adjustment valve are set after a set time has elapsed since both the air supply flow rate adjustment valve and the exhaust flow rate adjustment valve are closed. The above controller is provided with a timer that controls the opening of
A vehicle ventilation control device , wherein the controller has a function of controlling an air supply flow rate adjustment valve so that an air supply flow rate does not flow excessively beyond a set value .