JP4317978B2

JP4317978B2 - Gas insulated power bus moving jig

Info

Publication number: JP4317978B2
Application number: JP26941499A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 邦夫絹笠; 隆道飛騨
Original assignee: Toshiba Plant Systems and Services Corp
Current assignee: Toshiba Plant Systems and Services Corp
Priority date: 1999-09-22
Filing date: 1999-09-22
Publication date: 2009-08-19
Anticipated expiration: 2019-09-22
Also published as: JP2001095134A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、変電所等に配置されるガス絶縁型電力用母線を設置する際に、それを微調整移動する移動治具に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
ガス絶縁型電力用母線は、筒状の本体の両端開口に接続用フランジ部が突設され、その本体の下端に脚部が突出されている。そして、本体に導体が内装され、内部に六フッ化硫黄ガス等の絶縁性ガスが封入され、導体には大電流が流通するものである。このようなガス絶縁型電力用母線は、その筒状本体の長さが５〜２０ｍほどであり、それらが直列に接続されるものである。その筒状本体を基面上に設置する際には、熱膨張を考慮し、本体と据付け用基面との間には、多くの摺動脚（滑り材を挟んだスライド脚部）と少数の固定脚が配置されている。そして、熱膨張による応力の加わる本体の曲がり部（コーナー部）には伸びを吸収させるために、ユニバーサルベローが介装されている。そして、そのベローを最も縮めた状態で、夫々の要素を接続して組立てる。そして、その状態から本体を軸線方向外側に、僅かに（２０ｍｍ程度）移動し、据付けを完了する。この僅かの移動のためには、固定脚にワイヤー等を掛けまわし、それを引っ張って移動せざるおえなかった。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来の如く、ガス絶縁型電力用母線を組立てた後に、各要素をその軸線方向に微調整移動する際、脚部に外力を加えて移動させるため、筒状の本体に偏心加重が加わることになり、それを水平方向に円滑に移動できない欠点があった。
そこで本発明は、係る問題点を解決することを課題とする。
【０００４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項１に記載の本発明は、両端開口に接続用フランジ部１が設けられ、外周の下端に脚部２が突設された筒状の本体３と、その本体３に内装される導体とを有し、内部に絶縁性ガスが封入されるガス絶縁型電力用母線４であって、そのガス絶縁型電力用母線を移動する治具において、
基面24上に着脱自在に載置される基部フレーム５を有し、その基部フレーム５上に枠型フレーム６が立ち上げられ、その枠型フレーム６の周方向に互いに離間した少なくとも三つの位置に夫々第１ネジシャフト挿通部７が形成された反力台８と、
前記本体３の接続用フランジ部１に整合する環状に形成され、前記接続用フランジ部１の夫々のボルト孔に整合する位置にボルト挿通孔９が設けられると共に、前記反力台８の第１ネジシャフト挿通部７に整合して外周に第２ネジシャフト挿通部10が形成されたフランジ取付材11と、
前記第１ネジシャフト挿通部７および第２ネジシャフト挿通部10に貫通される少なくとも三本のネジシャフト12および、夫々のネジシャフト12に螺着されるナット13と、
を具備し、前記ネジシャフト12と前記ナット13を相対回転することにより前記本体３が前記枠型フレーム６側に移動するように構成されたガス絶縁型電力用母線の移動治具である。
【０００５】
請求項２に記載の本発明は、請求項１において、
前記フランジ取付材11の外周に半径方向に複数のブラケット14が突設され、そのブラケット14に孔が穿設されて、前記第２ネジシャフト挿通部10を構成し、
外周に球面凸部が形成された第１部材15と、その球面凸部に整合する球面凹部を有する環状の第２部材16とを有し、その第２部材16が前記第２ネジシャフト挿通部10に止着するように形成されたガス絶縁型電力用母線の移動治具である。
請求項３に記載の本発明は、請求項１において、
重車両等の重量物が載置される板材17と、
その板材17と前記反力台８とを連結する接続体18と、を具備するガス絶縁型電力用母線の移動治具である。
【０００６】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に、図面に基づて本発明の実施の形態につき説明する。
図１は、本発明の移動治具の一部破断正面図であり、図２はその右側面図、図３は図１の III部拡大断面図である。また、図４は図１の III部近傍の斜視図であり、図５は図４のＶ−Ｖ矢視断面略図、図６は同図４のVI−VI矢視断面略図、図７は、本発明の移動治具の全体的平面図、図８は同正面図、図９はその基部フレーム５と板材17と接続体18との接続状態を示す説明図である。
【０００７】
図１において、ガス絶縁型電力用母線４は鎖線で示されており、筒状の本体３の下端に脚部２が突設され、それが基面24上に載置される。本体３の両端開口（左端側省略）には接続用フランジ部１が突設され、その接続用フランジ部１に多数の図示しないボルト孔が穿設されている。そして本体３の端部は、その本体３が図７の如く、コーナー部等の終端に位置する場合には、図１の如く端蓋23が接続用フランジ部１の開口を閉塞する。そして、接続用フランジ部１と端蓋23との間にパッキンが介装され、両者間が多数のボルトにより、締結固定され気密構造となる。本体３の内部には、図示しない導体及び遮断機等が内装され、絶縁性ガスが内部に封入される。このようなガス絶縁型電力用母線４の端部において、本発明の移動治具が配置される。
【０００８】
この移動治具は、基面24上に立設される反力台８と、その枠型フレーム６に対向して配置される環状のフランジ取付材11と、それらの間を連結する複数のネジシャフト12及びナット13とからなる。反力台８は、図１、図２の如く一対の平行なＨ型綱からなる基部フレーム５の長手方向中央位置に枠型フレーム６が立設固定され、その枠型フレーム６の上端部と基部フレーム５の端部との間に、かすがい材20が設けられている。また、図２に示す如く、枠型フレーム６には逆ハの字状に一対の補助材21が下端両コーナー部に配置される。そして、その補助材21及び枠型フレーム６の上端中央に夫々第１ネジシャフト挿通部７が形成される。即ち、そこに挿通孔が貫通して第１ネジシャフト挿通部７を形成する。
【０００９】
次にフランジ取付材11は、本体３の接続用フランジ部１に整合する三つの弧状部材を、ボルト及びナットを介して着脱自在に連結したものである。この例では、夫々の弧状部材は断面アングル状に形成され、夫々の部材両端に接続片25が突設固定され、そこにボルト孔が穿設される。また、夫々の弧状部材の中央にはブラケット14が突設されている。しかして、図２に示す如く、三つの弧状部材を接続して環状に形成し、それを本体３の接続用フランジ部１に接続する。そしてそのフランジ取付材11と枠型フレーム６との間には接続用フランジ部１が位置される。
また、フランジ取付材11には多数のボルト挿通孔９が穿設されている。このボルト挿通孔９は、接続用フランジ部１と端蓋23とを連結するボルト頭部の最大直径よりも僅かに大きく穿設されている。なお、中央に位置するボルト孔は接続用フランジ部１のボルト孔に整合する大きさとすることができる。
【００１０】
次にネジシャフト12は、この例ではシャフトの外周に外ネジが螺刻されたものであり、それが枠型フレーム６の第１ネジシャフト挿通部７に夫々挿通されると共に、フランジ取付材11の第２ネジシャフト挿通部10に挿通される。そして、その一方側にナット13が螺着される。なお、フランジ取付材11のブラケット14の貫通孔の孔縁部に隣接して、一例として図３に示すような止着用金具26が螺着される。この止着用金具26はナット型に形成され、一端面に球面凸部が形成された第１部材15と、その球面凸部に整合する球面凹部を有する環状の第２部材16とから構成されている。このようにすることにより、ネジシャフト12の軸線が僅かに傾いても、ネジシャフト12のネジ山を損傷させるとなく、ナット13の螺回によりブラケット14を円滑に右方に移動することができる。
次に、反力台８の基部フレーム５には、接続体18を介して図７〜図９の如く、板材17が接続される。板材17は多数の土木用鋼板を敷きつめたものであり、各鋼板間がアングル材22によって一体的に溶接固定されている。そしてそれらに重車両19等の重量物が載置される。それにより、ガス絶縁型電力用母線４の移動作業中に基部フレーム５が移動することを阻止するものである。
【００１１】
【使用方法】
図１〜図９に示す如く、本発明の移動治具が組立てられる。そして、フランジ取付材11と枠型フレーム６との間に本体３の接続用フランジ部１が配置される。この例では、接続用フランジ部１と端蓋23とが多数の締結ボルト27より接続されている。そしてその締結ボルト27の左端に螺着されたナットがフランジ取付材11の各ボルト挿通孔９内に挿入される。しかしながら、ブラケット14の近傍においては、その締結ボルト27が取り外され、軸長の長い締結ボルト27ａが挿通されて、端蓋23と接続用フランジ部１とフランジ取付材11とが一体的に締結される（図４〜図６）。
そしてネジシャフト12が枠型フレーム６の第１ネジシャフト挿通部７に夫々挿通されると共に、フランジ取付材11の第２ネジシャフト挿通部10に夫々挿通される。そして、そのネジシャフト12の右側からナット13が螺着され、左側から止着用金具26が螺着される。このような状態において、三本のネジシャフト12に夫々螺着されたナット13を同時に均等に回転させる。即ち、三つのナット13をほぼ同期回転させ、本体３をバランスよく枠型フレーム６側に水平移動させる。
【００１２】
【発明の作用・効果】
請求項１に記載の発明によれば、三本のネジシャフト12とナット13を相対回転することにより、本体３を枠型フレーム６側に正確且つ円滑に水平移動することができる。
請求項２に記載の発明によれば、外周に球面凸部が形成された第１部材15と、それに整合する第２部材16とを有し、その第２部材16が第２ネジシャフト挿通部10に止着するように形成されたから、三本のネジシャフト12に取付けたナット13の回転がアンバランスであっても、ネジシャフト12の軸線を僅かに変化させ、接続用フランジ部１を円滑に枠型フレーム６側に引き寄せることができる。
請求項３に記載の発明によれば、重量物が載置される板材17と基部フレーム５上の反力台８とが接続体18を介して連結されているから、基部フレーム５を基面24上に確実に保持し、より安全に接続用フランジ部１を枠型フレーム６側に移動することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の移動治具の一部破断正面図。
【図２】本発明の移動治具の右側面図。
【図３】図１の III部拡大断面図。
【図４】図１の III部近傍の斜視図。
【図５】図４のＶ−Ｖ矢視断面略図。
【図６】図４のVI−VI矢視断面略図。
【図７】本発明の移動治具の全体的平面図。
【図８】本発明の移動治具の全体的正面図。
【図９】基部フレーム５と板材17と接続体18との接続状態を示す説明図。
【符号の説明】
１接続用フランジ部
２脚部
３本体
４ガス絶縁型電力用母線
５基部フレーム
６枠型フレーム
７第１ネジシャフト挿通部
８反力台
９ボルト挿通孔
10 第２ネジシャフト挿通部
11 フランジ取付材
12 ネジシャフト
13 ナット
14 ブラケット
15 第１部材
16 第２部材
17 板材
18 接続体
19 重車両
20 かすがい材
21 補助材
22 アングル材
23 端蓋
24 基面
25 接続片
26 止着用金具
27 締結ボルト
27ａ締結ボルト[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a moving jig that finely moves a gas insulated power bus disposed in a substation or the like when the bus is installed.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The gas-insulated power bus has a connecting flange projecting from both ends of a cylindrical main body, and a leg projecting from the lower end of the main body. A conductor is built in the main body, an insulating gas such as sulfur hexafluoride gas is sealed inside, and a large current flows through the conductor. Such a gas-insulated power bus has a cylindrical main body having a length of about 5 to 20 m and is connected in series. When installing the cylindrical main body on the base surface, in consideration of thermal expansion, there are many sliding legs (sliding leg portions with a sliding material) and a small number between the main body and the mounting base surface. Fixed legs are arranged. And the universal bellows is interposed in the bending part (corner part) of the main body to which the stress by thermal expansion is applied in order to absorb elongation. Then, with the bellows being most contracted, the respective elements are connected and assembled. Then, the main body is moved slightly outward (about 20 mm) from the state in the axial direction to complete the installation. For this slight movement, a wire or the like was hung on the fixed leg, and it was forced to move.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As in the past, after assembling the gas-insulated power bus, when the elements are fine-adjusted and moved in the axial direction, an external force is applied to the legs so that an eccentric load is applied to the cylindrical body. There is a drawback that it cannot be moved smoothly in the horizontal direction.
Then, this invention makes it a subject to solve the problem which concerns.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention described in claim 1 includes a cylindrical main body 3 in which a connecting flange portion 1 is provided at both ends of the opening and a leg portion 2 projects from the lower end of the outer periphery, and a conductor provided in the main body 3. A gas-insulated power bus 4 in which an insulating gas is enclosed, and a jig for moving the gas-insulated power bus,
The base frame 5 has a base frame 5 that is detachably mounted on the base surface 24. A frame frame 6 is raised on the base frame 5, and at least three positions separated from each other in the circumferential direction of the frame frame 6 Reaction force table 8 formed with a first screw shaft insertion portion 7 respectively,
A bolt insertion hole 9 is formed at a position that matches the respective bolt hole of the connection flange portion 1 and is formed in an annular shape that matches the connection flange portion 1 of the main body 3, and the first of the reaction force table 8. A flange mounting material 11 having a second screw shaft insertion portion 10 formed on the outer periphery thereof in alignment with the screw shaft insertion portion 7;
At least three screw shafts 12 that pass through the first screw shaft insertion portion 7 and the second screw shaft insertion portion 10, and nuts 13 that are screwed to the respective screw shafts 12;
The gas-insulated power bus moving jig is configured to move the body 3 toward the frame frame 6 by rotating the screw shaft 12 and the nut 13 relative to each other.
[0005]
The present invention according to claim 2 is the method according to claim 1,
A plurality of brackets 14 project radially from the outer periphery of the flange mounting member 11, and holes are formed in the brackets 14 to form the second screw shaft insertion portion 10,
It has the 1st member 15 in which the spherical convex part was formed in the outer periphery, and the cyclic | annular 2nd member 16 which has the spherical recessed part matched with the spherical convex part, The 2nd member 16 is the said 2nd screw shaft insertion part. 10 is a gas-insulated power bus moving jig formed so as to be fixed to 10.
The present invention according to claim 3 provides the method according to claim 1,
A plate 17 on which heavy objects such as heavy vehicles are placed;
A gas-insulated power bus moving jig comprising a connecting member 18 for connecting the plate member 17 and the reaction force base 8 is provided.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a partially broken front view of a moving jig of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a right side view thereof, and FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of a portion III in FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the vicinity of part III in FIG. 1, FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line VV in FIG. 4, FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along arrow VI-VI in FIG. FIG. 8 is a front view of the moving jig of the present invention, FIG. 8 is a front view thereof, and FIG. 9 is an explanatory view showing a connection state of the base frame 5, the plate material 17, and the connection body 18.
[0007]
In FIG. 1, the gas-insulated power bus 4 is indicated by a chain line, and a leg 2 protrudes from the lower end of the cylindrical main body 3 and is placed on the base surface 24. A connecting flange portion 1 projects from both end openings (left end side omitted) of the main body 3, and a number of bolt holes (not shown) are formed in the connecting flange portion 1. When the main body 3 is located at the end of the corner portion or the like as shown in FIG. 7, the end lid 23 closes the opening of the connecting flange portion 1 as shown in FIG. A packing is interposed between the connecting flange portion 1 and the end lid 23, and the space between the two is fastened and fixed by a large number of bolts to form an airtight structure. Inside the main body 3, a conductor, a circuit breaker and the like (not shown) are housed, and an insulating gas is sealed inside. The moving jig of the present invention is arranged at the end of such a gas-insulated power bus 4.
[0008]
This moving jig includes a reaction force table 8 erected on a base surface 24, an annular flange mounting member 11 disposed to face the frame-type frame 6, and a plurality of screws for connecting them. It consists of a shaft 12 and a nut 13. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the reaction force table 8 has a frame-type frame 6 erected and fixed at the center position in the longitudinal direction of a base frame 5 made of a pair of parallel H-shaped ropes. Between the ends of the base frame 5, a scouring material 20 is provided. In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, a pair of auxiliary members 21 are arranged on the frame-type frame 6 in the shape of an inverted letter C at both lower corners. And the 1st screw shaft insertion part 7 is formed in the upper-end center of the auxiliary material 21 and the frame type flame | frame 6, respectively. That is, the insertion hole penetrates there to form the first screw shaft insertion portion 7.
[0009]
Next, the flange mounting member 11 is formed by detachably connecting three arc-shaped members that match the connecting flange portion 1 of the main body 3 via bolts and nuts. In this example, each arc-shaped member is formed in an angled cross section, and connection pieces 25 are projected and fixed at both ends of each member, and bolt holes are formed there. A bracket 14 projects from the center of each arcuate member. Then, as shown in FIG. 2, three arc-shaped members are connected to form an annular shape, which is connected to the connecting flange portion 1 of the main body 3. The connecting flange portion 1 is positioned between the flange mounting member 11 and the frame frame 6.
In addition, a large number of bolt insertion holes 9 are formed in the flange mounting member 11. The bolt insertion hole 9 is formed slightly larger than the maximum diameter of the bolt head that connects the connecting flange portion 1 and the end lid 23. In addition, the bolt hole located in the center can be made into the magnitude | size matched with the bolt hole of the flange part 1 for a connection.
[0010]
Next, in this example, the threaded shaft 12 is formed by threading an external thread on the outer periphery of the shaft, and the threaded shaft 12 is inserted into the first threaded shaft insertion portion 7 of the frame-type frame 6 and the flange mounting material 11. Is inserted into the second screw shaft insertion portion 10. A nut 13 is screwed to one side. As an example, a fastening metal fitting 26 as shown in FIG. 3 is screwed in adjacent to the hole edge portion of the through hole of the bracket 14 of the flange mounting material 11. The fastening metal fitting 26 is formed in a nut shape, and is composed of a first member 15 having a spherical convex portion formed on one end face, and an annular second member 16 having a spherical concave portion that matches the spherical convex portion. Yes. By doing so, even if the axis of the screw shaft 12 is slightly inclined, the bracket 14 can be smoothly moved to the right by the screwing of the nut 13 without damaging the thread of the screw shaft 12. .
Next, a plate member 17 is connected to the base frame 5 of the reaction force table 8 through a connecting body 18 as shown in FIGS. The plate material 17 is composed of a large number of steel plates for civil engineering, and the steel plates are integrally welded and fixed between each steel plate by an angle material 22. A heavy object such as a heavy vehicle 19 is placed on them. Thus, the base frame 5 is prevented from moving during the moving operation of the gas insulated power bus 4.
[0011]
【how to use】
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 9, the moving jig of the present invention is assembled. The connecting flange portion 1 of the main body 3 is disposed between the flange mounting member 11 and the frame frame 6. In this example, the connecting flange portion 1 and the end lid 23 are connected by a number of fastening bolts 27. Then, the nut screwed to the left end of the fastening bolt 27 is inserted into each bolt insertion hole 9 of the flange mounting material 11. However, in the vicinity of the bracket 14, the fastening bolt 27 is removed, the fastening bolt 27 a having a long shaft length is inserted, and the end lid 23, the connecting flange portion 1, and the flange mounting material 11 are integrally fastened. (FIGS. 4 to 6).
Then, the screw shafts 12 are respectively inserted into the first screw shaft insertion portions 7 of the frame-type frame 6 and are also inserted into the second screw shaft insertion portions 10 of the flange mounting material 11. Then, the nut 13 is screwed from the right side of the screw shaft 12, and the fastening fitting 26 is screwed from the left side. In such a state, the nuts 13 respectively screwed on the three screw shafts 12 are simultaneously and evenly rotated. That is, the three nuts 13 are rotated substantially synchronously, and the main body 3 is horizontally moved to the frame-type frame 6 side in a balanced manner.
[0012]
[Operation and effect of the invention]
According to the first aspect of the invention, the three screw shafts 12 and the nuts 13 are relatively rotated, whereby the main body 3 can be accurately and smoothly horizontally moved toward the frame frame 6 side.
According to invention of Claim 2, it has the 1st member 15 by which the spherical convex part was formed in the outer periphery, and the 2nd member 16 matched with it, The 2nd member 16 is the 2nd screw shaft insertion part. Since it is formed so as to be fastened to 10, even if the rotation of the nut 13 attached to the three screw shafts 12 is unbalanced, the axis of the screw shaft 12 is slightly changed, and the connecting flange portion 1 is made smooth. It can be drawn to the frame type frame 6 side.
According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the plate member 17 on which the heavy object is placed and the reaction force base 8 on the base frame 5 are connected via the connecting body 18, the base frame 5 is attached to the base surface. Thus, the connecting flange portion 1 can be moved to the frame frame 6 side more securely.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a partially broken front view of a moving jig of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a right side view of the moving jig of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion III in FIG.
4 is a perspective view of the vicinity of a portion III in FIG. 1. FIG.
5 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line VV in FIG. 4;
6 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line VI-VI in FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is an overall plan view of a moving jig according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is an overall front view of the moving jig of the present invention.
9 is an explanatory view showing a connection state of the base frame 5, the plate member 17, and the connection body 18. FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Connection flange part 2 Leg part 3 Main body 4 Gas insulation type electric power bus 5 Base frame 6 Frame type frame 7 First screw shaft insertion part 8 Reaction force base 9 Bolt insertion hole
10 2nd screw shaft insertion part
11 Flange mounting material
12 Screw shaft
13 Nut
14 Bracket
15 First member
16 Second part
17 Board material
18 Connector
19 heavy vehicles
20 Grain material
21 Auxiliary materials
22 Angle material
23 End lid
24 base
25 connection piece
26 Fastening bracket
27 Fastening bolt
27a Fastening bolt

Claims

It has a cylindrical main body 3 provided with connecting flange portions 1 at both ends of the opening, and leg portions 2 projecting from the lower end of the outer periphery, and a conductor embedded in the main body 3. In the gas-insulated power bus 4 to be enclosed, in the jig for moving the gas-insulated power bus,
The base frame 5 has a base frame 5 that is detachably mounted on the base surface 24. A frame frame 6 is raised on the base frame 5, and at least three positions separated from each other in the circumferential direction of the frame frame 6 Reaction force table 8 formed with a first screw shaft insertion portion 7 respectively,
A bolt insertion hole 9 is formed at a position that matches the respective bolt hole of the connection flange portion 1 and is formed in an annular shape that matches the connection flange portion 1 of the main body 3, and the first of the reaction force table 8. A flange mounting material 11 having a second screw shaft insertion portion 10 formed on the outer periphery thereof in alignment with the screw shaft insertion portion 7;
At least three screw shafts 12 that pass through the first screw shaft insertion portion 7 and the second screw shaft insertion portion 10, and nuts 13 that are screwed to the respective screw shafts 12;
A gas-insulated power bus moving jig configured to move the body 3 toward the frame frame 6 by rotating the screw shaft 12 and the nut 13 relative to each other.

In claim 1,
A plurality of brackets 14 project radially from the outer periphery of the flange mounting member 11, and holes are formed in the brackets 14 to form the second screw shaft insertion portion 10,
It has the 1st member 15 in which the spherical convex part was formed in the outer periphery, and the cyclic | annular 2nd member 16 which has the spherical recessed part matched with the spherical convex part, The 2nd member 16 is the said 2nd screw shaft insertion part. A gas-insulated power bus moving jig formed to be fixed to 10.

In claim 1,
A plate 17 on which heavy objects such as heavy vehicles are placed;
A gas-insulated power bus moving jig comprising a connecting member 18 for connecting the plate member 17 and the reaction force table 8.