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JP4329211B2 - Silicon carbide semiconductor device using silicon carbide single crystal and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents
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JP4329211B2 - Silicon carbide semiconductor device using silicon carbide single crystal and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Silicon carbide semiconductor device using silicon carbide single crystal and method for manufacturing the same Download PDF

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JP4329211B2
JP4329211B2 JP2000060441A JP2000060441A JP4329211B2 JP 4329211 B2 JP4329211 B2 JP 4329211B2 JP 2000060441 A JP2000060441 A JP 2000060441A JP 2000060441 A JP2000060441 A JP 2000060441A JP 4329211 B2 JP4329211 B2 JP 4329211B2
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silicon carbide
single crystal
screw
dislocations
carbide single
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JP2001247397A (en
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尚宏 杉山
篤人 岡本
俊彦 谷
与志木 妹尾
正美 内藤
宏行 近藤
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Denso Corp
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Denso Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、半導体デバイスの作製に好適な炭化珪素(SiC)単結晶を用いて製造した逆方向リーク電流の少ない炭化珪素半導体装置およびその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
(0001)面を成長面として昇華法により作製されるSiC結晶には、図5(a)に示すように、マイクロパイプ欠陥102やらせん転位103が多数存在する。これらの欠陥は、このSiC結晶で構成した基板101上にダイオードを作製したときに、逆方向リーク電流の原因となる。
【0003】
図5(b)に示すように、n型不純物をドーピングした4H−SiC結晶からなる基板101上にn-型エピタキシャル層104を成膜したのち、マイクロパイプ欠陥102やらせん転位103が形成された領域にp+型領域105を形成すると共に、p+型領域105に接続される電極106と基板101に接続される電極107とを形成することによってPNダイオード108を作製し、基板101に存在するマイクロパイプ欠陥102やらせん転位103がデバイス特性に及ぼす影響を調査した。その結果、▲1▼マイクロパイプ欠陥102はデバイス特性に致命的な影響を与えること、▲2▼らせん転位103はI−Vの降伏特性をソフトにすると共に、耐圧を5〜35%低下させることが明らかになった。(P.G.Neudeck他(NASA Lewis Research Center他) Mat.Res.Soc.Symp.Proc.Vol.512(1998)107〜112参照)
一方、特開平5−262599号公報では、(0001)面に垂直な面、例えば(1−100)面や(11−20)面を成長面として用いることにより、マイクロパイプ欠陥やらせん転位のないSiC単結晶を成長させることが提案されている。
【0004】
しかしながら、このように成長させたSiC単結晶には全領域に渡って積層欠陥が広く形成され、この積層欠陥を電流が横切る時、大きな抵抗となるため、積層欠陥を横切る方向と積層欠陥と平行な方向とで大きな電気的な異方性を生じ、デバイス作製時に大きな問題となる。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上記点に鑑みて、逆方向リーク電流が少なくでき、積層欠陥による電気的な異方性が少なくできる炭化珪素単結晶を用いた炭化珪素半導体装置およびその製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するため、請求項1に記載の発明では、らせん転位の集合体(2)と積層欠陥(3)および刃状転位(4)が含まれており、らせん転位の集合体(2)が積層欠陥(3)もしくは刃状転位(4)によって該らせん転位の伸長方向に分断されている炭化珪素単結晶(1)と、該らせん転位の集合体(2)を含む炭化珪素単結晶(1)の表面上に形成されたエピタキシャル層(6)を含む半導体デバイスと、を含むことを特徴としている。好適ならせん転位の集合体としては、最近接した転位線との距離が1μm以下の複数のらせん転位の束である。
【0007】
このように、マイクロパイプ欠陥やらせん転位が単独で存在するのではなく、らせん転位の集合体となった炭化珪素単結晶ではらせん転位が相互作用を及ぼすことによって、逆方向リーク電流が少なくでき、積層欠陥による電気的な異方性が少なくなるようにできる。その相互作用を及ぼす間隔が約1μmである。このような炭化珪素単結晶を用いて半導体デバイスを作製することにより、逆方向リーク電流を少なくすることが可能である。
【0008】
請求項2に記載の発明は、マイクロパイプ欠陥およびらせん転位を含む炭化珪素単結晶の基板の表面を被覆材で被覆したのち、熱処理を施すことにより、らせん転位の集合体(2)を積層欠陥(3)もしくは刃状転位(4)によって該らせん転位の伸長方向に分断する工程と、らせん転位の集合体(2)が積層欠陥(3)もしくは刃状転位(4)によって該らせん転位の伸長方向に分断された炭化珪素単結晶からデバイス形成用の基板を切り出し、該基板の表面上にエピタキシャル層(6)の形成工程を含む半導体デバイスの形成工程と、を行うことを特徴としている。
【0009】
このような製造方法により、請求項1に記載の炭化珪素単結晶を製造できると共に、該炭化珪素単結晶を用いた炭化珪素半導体装置を製造できる。
【0014】
なお、上記各手段の括弧内の符号は、後述する実施形態に記載の具体的手段との対応関係を示すものである。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
(第1実施形態)
図1に、本発明の第1実施形態における炭化珪素単結晶の断面図を示す。
【0016】
図1に示す炭化珪素単結晶1は、4H、6H、3C若しくは15R−SiCの単結晶基板で構成されている。この炭化珪素単結晶1にはらせん転位の集合体2、積層欠陥3、及び刃状転位4が含まれており、らせん転位の集合体2が積層欠陥3若しくは刃状転位4によって、らせん転位の軸(転位線の伸長する)方向に分断されている。
【0017】
このような構造の炭化珪素単結晶1には積層欠陥3が形成されているが、積層欠陥3が局所的に形成されているだけであり、炭化珪素単結晶1の全領域に渡って形成されているものではないため、ほとんど積層欠陥による電気的な異方性を生じない。
【0018】
このような構造の炭化珪素単結晶1は、マイクロパイプ欠陥やらせん転位が含まれた単結晶基板の表面を被覆材で被覆したのち、熱処理を施すことによって作製される。つまり、単結晶基板を被覆材で被覆した状態で熱処理を施すことによりマイクロパイプ欠陥が修復されるが、この修復部に上記らせん転位の集合体2、積層欠陥3、及び刃状欠陥4が存在するため、図1に示す構造の炭化珪素単結晶1となる。
【0019】
このような構成の炭化珪素単結晶1を基板として用いて、図2に示すようにPNダイオード5を作製した。まず、n型不純物をドーピングした炭化珪素単結晶1の主表面にn-型エピタキシャル層6を成長させ、その後、n-型エピタキシャル層6のうちマイクロパイプ欠陥が修復された部分上に配置された領域にイオン注入を行なうことでp+型領域7を形成する。続いて、p+型領域7と電気的に接続される電極8と、炭化珪素単結晶1の裏面側に電気的に接続される電極9とを形成する。これにより、PNダイオード5が作製される。
【0020】
そして、このPNダイオード5の逆方向におけるI−V特性を評価したところ、逆方向のリーク電流が極めて少なく、良好なデバイス特性(降伏特性)を示した。
【0021】
このような結果が得られたのは以下の理由によると推察される。
【0022】
▲1▼らせん転位、若しくはマイクロパイプ欠陥が単独で存在した場合には、その歪によって禁制帯が狭くなりリーク電流が増加するか、あるいはその歪によってドーピングした不純物が異常拡散し、PN接合不良やリーク電流の増加を起こす。一方、らせん転位の集合体2のようにらせん転位が密集した状態では、それぞれの歪が干渉し合い、禁制帯が元に戻るか、あるいはドーピングした不純物が異常拡散しなくなるため。
【0023】
▲2▼らせん転位が積層欠陥3と共存した場合、TEM解析結果からも確認されているように、らせん転位が積層欠陥3を横切る箇所においてスリップし、らせん転位の転位線が折れ曲がり不連続となることから、らせん転位の転位芯を伝って流れる可能性がある逆方向リーク電流が積層欠陥3によって阻止されたため。なお、らせん転位と刃状転位4が交差した場合にも、これと同様の効果が生じていると考えられる。
【0024】
▲3▼積層欠陥を含む結晶のoff面を利用してエピタキシャル成長を実施した場合、つまり、炭化珪素単結晶1のoff面を基板としてn-型エピタキシャル層6を成長させた場合、基板から継承されたらせん転位がエピタキシャル成長中に積層欠陥3と交差する際に積層欠陥3によって遮られ、C面内の刃状転位に変換されて、それより上に継承されなくなったため。
【0025】
これらに示すように、理由については明らかではないが、上記構造の炭化珪素単結晶1を用いることにより、逆リーク電流を少なくすることができた。
【0026】
このように、マイクロパイプ欠陥を修復し、らせん転位の集合体2、積層欠陥3、及び刃状転位4が形成された炭化珪素単結晶1とすることにより、逆方向リーク電流が少なく、積層欠陥による電気的な異方性が少ない単結晶とすることができる。
【0027】
なお、本実施形態では、らせん転位の集合体2、積層欠陥3、及び刃状転位4のすべてが形成された炭化珪素単結晶1について説明したが、上記した方法によってマイクロパイプ欠陥を閉塞した場合、図3に示すようならせん転位の集合体2が含まれた炭化珪素単結晶11や、図4に示すようならせん転位の集合体2と積層欠陥3とが含まれ、らせん転位の集合体2が積層欠陥3によって軸方向に分断されている炭化珪素単結晶21が形成される場合がある。これらの場合についても上記実施形態と同様に、PNダイオード5を形成してI−V特性を評価したところ、上記と同様の効果を得ることができた。
【0028】
このことから、少なくともマイクロパイプ欠陥が修復され、らせん転位の集合体2となった炭化珪素単結晶においては、逆方向リーク電流を少なくでき、積層欠陥による電気的な異方性を少なくすることができると言える。
【0029】
なお、上記実施形態では、マイクロパイプ欠陥が修復されたことによって、らせん転位の集合体2、積層欠陥3、及び刃状転位4が形成された場合を示したが、このような方法以外の方法によってもらせん転位の集合体2、積層欠陥3や刃状転位4が形成されたものであれば、逆方向リーク電流が少なく、デバイスの特性が良好な炭化珪素単結晶1とすることができる。
【0030】
【実施例】
(実施例1)
マイクロパイプ欠陥を有する炭化珪素単結晶1の試料として、n型不純物がドーピングされた6H−SiC単結晶基板を用意した。この6H−SiC単結晶基板は、厚さが1mm程度、マイクロパイプ欠陥密度が100/cm2程度であった。
【0031】
この6H−SiC単結晶基板の(0001)及び(000−1)表面にCVD法によって厚さ約20μmの3C−SiCを成膜した。この時の成膜条件は、基板温度を1500℃、SiH4流量を2〜8SCCM、C38流量を1〜5sccm、H2流量を11SLMとし、成膜時間を5時間とした。
【0032】
ただし、SCCMは「Specific Cubic cm/min」を意味し、SLMは「Specific liter/min」を意味する。
【0033】
この後、試料を図示しない黒鉛製るつぼ内に炭化珪素粉末中に埋め込んだ状態で収容し、熱処理を施した。この時の熱処理条件は、熱処理温度を2300℃とし、Ar雰囲気で圧力を79.8kPa(600Torr)、加熱時間を24時間とした。
【0034】
熱処理後、黒鉛製るつぼ内から試料を取り出し、試料の表面から約50μmの厚さ研磨し、試料の表面を観察した。その結果、熱処理前には、6H−SiC単結晶基板の表面に開口していたマイクロパイプ欠陥が閉塞しており、上記工程によってマイクロパイプ欠陥が修復されたことが明らかになった。
【0035】
また、c軸と平行に試料を切り出し、マイクロパイプ欠陥が存在していた箇所をTEMによって詳細に解析した。
【0036】
その結果、マイクロパイプ欠陥が存在していた領域(若しくはその周辺)には、複数のらせん転位の集合体2(幅約1μm×厚み約0.05μmの薄片中に7本程度)が存在していた。
【0037】
さらに、らせん転位の集合体2を軸方向に約0.01〜1μmの間隔で分断するようにC面内に生成された積層欠陥3が多数存在していた。ただし、この積層欠陥は、修復部及びその周辺にのみ広がって生成されており、らせん転位の集合体2を中心に半径が約10μm以下の範囲で広がっていた。
【0038】
また、らせん転位の集合体2と積層欠陥3の交差箇所のいくつかでは、らせん転位の集合体2が積層欠陥3によってスリップし、不連続となっていることが確認された。
【0039】
さらに、C面に平行な刃状転位4も観察され、積層欠陥3の場合と同様に、らせん転位の集合体2と刃状転位4との交差箇所でらせん転位の集合体2が不連続となっていることが確認された。
【0040】
続いて、このようにマイクロパイプ欠陥が閉塞された試料から3.5°off−axis基板を作製し、図2に示すようなPNダイオード5を作製した。
【0041】
すなわち、基板上にn型不純物濃度が5×1016/cm3程度の6H−SiCで構成されたn-型エピタキシャル層6を約3μmの厚さ成長させたのち、n-型エピタキシャル層6にp型不純物濃度が1×1019/cm3程度となるようにボロン及び炭素を連続的にイオン注入してp+型領域7を形成し、さらに、p+型領域7と電気的に接続される電極8及び炭化珪素単結晶1の裏面側に電気的に接続される電極9を形成することにより、φ130μm程度のPNダイオード5を作製した。そして、このPNダイオード5の逆方向のI−V特性を評価した。
【0042】
その結果、逆方向のリーク電流が1μAにおける耐圧が450V程度となり、逆方向リーク電流が極めて低く、耐圧が高いという良好な降伏特性を示した。なお、このときの耐圧は、結晶欠陥が形成されていない部分にPNダイオード5を作製して逆方向のI−V特性を評価した場合と同等であった。
【0043】
一方、比較のため、図5(a)に示すように,マイクロパイプ欠陥やらせん転位が単独で残存する結晶を基板として用い、上記と同様にPNダイオードを作製してI−V特性を評価したが、逆方向のリーク電流が大きく、リーク電流1μAにおける耐圧が150V程度と低く、整流特性は良好でなかった。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の第1実施形態における炭化珪素単結晶1の断面を示す図である。
【図2】図1に示す炭化珪素単結晶1を用いて作製したPNダイオードの断面を示す図である。
【図3】第1実施形態の他の例における炭化珪素単結晶1の断面を示す図である。
【図4】第1実施形態の他の例における炭化珪素単結晶1の断面を示す図である。
【図5】(a)はマイクロパイプ欠陥やらせん転位が形成された基板101を示す図であり、(b)は(a)の基板101を用いて形成したPNダイオードの断面を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
1…炭化珪素単結晶、2…らせん転位の集合体、3…積層欠陥、4…刃状転位、5…PNダイオード、6…n-型エピタキシャル層、7…p+型領域、8…電極、9…電極。
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a silicon carbide semiconductor device with a small reverse leakage current manufactured using a silicon carbide (SiC) single crystal suitable for manufacturing a semiconductor device and a method for manufacturing the same .
[0002]
[Prior art]
As shown in FIG. 5A, the SiC crystal produced by the sublimation method using the (0001) plane as the growth plane has a large number of micropipe defects 102 and screw dislocations 103. These defects cause reverse leakage current when a diode is fabricated on the substrate 101 made of this SiC crystal.
[0003]
As shown in FIG. 5B, after forming an n type epitaxial layer 104 on a substrate 101 made of 4H—SiC crystal doped with an n type impurity, micropipe defects 102 and screw dislocations 103 were formed. The p + type region 105 is formed in the region, and the PN diode 108 is formed by forming the electrode 106 connected to the p + type region 105 and the electrode 107 connected to the substrate 101. The influence of the micropipe defect 102 and the screw dislocation 103 on the device characteristics was investigated. As a result, (1) the micropipe defect 102 has a fatal effect on the device characteristics, and (2) the screw dislocation 103 softens the IV breakdown characteristics and reduces the breakdown voltage by 5 to 35%. Became clear. (See PG Neudec et al. (NASA Lewis Research Center et al.) Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 512 (1998) 107-112)
On the other hand, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-262599, there is no micropipe defect or screw dislocation by using a plane perpendicular to the (0001) plane, for example, a (1-100) plane or a (11-20) plane as a growth plane. It has been proposed to grow SiC single crystals.
[0004]
However, in the SiC single crystal grown in this way, stacking faults are widely formed over the entire region, and when the current crosses these stacking faults, a large resistance is generated. Therefore, the direction crossing the stacking fault is parallel to the stacking faults. This causes a large electrical anisotropy in various directions, which becomes a big problem during device fabrication.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of the above, the present invention has an object to provide a silicon carbide semiconductor device using a silicon carbide single crystal that can reduce reverse leakage current and electrical anisotropy due to stacking faults, and a method for manufacturing the same. And
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 includes a screw dislocation aggregate (2), a stacking fault (3), and an edge dislocation (4 ). A silicon carbide single crystal (1) in which a stacking fault (3) or an edge dislocation (4) is divided in the extension direction of the screw dislocations, and an aggregate (2) of the screw dislocations And a semiconductor device including an epitaxial layer (6) formed on the surface of (1). A preferred assembly of screw dislocations is a bundle of a plurality of screw dislocations whose distance from the nearest dislocation line is 1 μm or less.
[0007]
In this way, micropipe defects and screw dislocations do not exist alone, but in silicon carbide single crystals that are aggregates of screw dislocations, screw dislocations interact to reduce reverse leakage current, Electrical anisotropy due to stacking faults can be reduced. The distance exerting the interaction is about 1 μm. By manufacturing a semiconductor device using such a silicon carbide single crystal, reverse leakage current can be reduced.
[0008]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, the surface of the silicon carbide single crystal substrate containing micropipe defects and screw dislocations is coated with a coating material, and then heat treatment is performed, whereby the assembly of screw dislocations (2) is formed into stacking faults. (3) or the step of dividing the screw dislocations in the direction of extension of the screw dislocations (4), and the assembly of the screw dislocations (2) is extended by the stacking fault (3) or the edge dislocations (4). A device forming substrate is cut out from the silicon carbide single crystal divided in the direction, and a semiconductor device forming step including a step of forming an epitaxial layer (6) on the surface of the substrate is performed .
[0009]
With such a manufacturing method, the silicon carbide single crystal according to claim 1 can be manufactured, and a silicon carbide semiconductor device using the silicon carbide single crystal can be manufactured.
[0014]
In addition, the code | symbol in the bracket | parenthesis of each said means shows the correspondence with the specific means as described in embodiment mentioned later.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(First embodiment)
In FIG. 1, sectional drawing of the silicon carbide single crystal in 1st Embodiment of this invention is shown.
[0016]
A silicon carbide single crystal 1 shown in FIG. 1 is composed of a single crystal substrate of 4H, 6H, 3C, or 15R—SiC. The silicon carbide single crystal 1 includes a screw dislocation aggregate 2, a stacking fault 3, and an edge dislocation 4, and the screw dislocation aggregate 2 is formed by the stacking fault 3 or the edge dislocation 4. It is divided in the direction of the axis (extension of dislocation lines).
[0017]
Although the stacking fault 3 is formed in the silicon carbide single crystal 1 having such a structure, the stacking fault 3 is only formed locally and is formed over the entire region of the silicon carbide single crystal 1. Therefore, there is almost no electrical anisotropy due to stacking faults.
[0018]
Silicon carbide single crystal 1 having such a structure is manufactured by coating the surface of a single crystal substrate including micropipe defects and screw dislocations with a coating material, and then performing a heat treatment. In other words, micropipe defects are repaired by heat treatment in a state in which the single crystal substrate is covered with a coating material, but the above-described screw dislocation aggregate 2, stacking fault 3, and edge defect 4 are present in the repaired portion. Therefore, the silicon carbide single crystal 1 having the structure shown in FIG. 1 is obtained.
[0019]
Using silicon carbide single crystal 1 having such a structure as a substrate, PN diode 5 was fabricated as shown in FIG. First, the n-type impurity into the main surface of the doped silicon carbide single crystal 1 n - -type epitaxial layer 6 is grown, then, n - micropipe defects of the type epitaxial layer 6 is disposed on the repaired portion The p + type region 7 is formed by performing ion implantation in the region. Subsequently, an electrode 8 electrically connected to p + -type region 7 and an electrode 9 electrically connected to the back side of silicon carbide single crystal 1 are formed. Thereby, the PN diode 5 is produced.
[0020]
Then, when the IV characteristic in the reverse direction of the PN diode 5 was evaluated, the reverse leakage current was extremely small, and a good device characteristic (yield characteristic) was shown.
[0021]
It is assumed that such a result was obtained for the following reason.
[0022]
(1) When screw dislocations or micropipe defects exist alone, the forbidden band is narrowed due to the strain and the leakage current increases, or the impurity doped due to the strain is abnormally diffused, resulting in PN junction failure or Increases leakage current. On the other hand, in the state where the screw dislocations are dense like the aggregate 2 of screw dislocations, the respective strains interfere with each other and the forbidden band returns to the original state or the doped impurities are not diffused abnormally.
[0023]
(2) When the screw dislocation coexists with the stacking fault 3, as confirmed from the TEM analysis result, the screw dislocation slips at the position crossing the stacking fault 3, and the screw dislocation line bends and becomes discontinuous. This indicates that the stacking fault 3 prevents the reverse leakage current that may flow along the dislocation core of the screw dislocation. In addition, it is thought that the same effect is produced also when the screw dislocation and the edge dislocation 4 intersect.
[0024]
(3) When epitaxial growth is performed using the off-plane of the crystal containing stacking faults, that is, when the n -type epitaxial layer 6 is grown using the off-plane of the silicon carbide single crystal 1 as the substrate, it is inherited from the substrate. When screw dislocations cross the stacking fault 3 during epitaxial growth, they are interrupted by the stacking fault 3 and converted into edge dislocations in the C plane, and are not inherited above it.
[0025]
As shown in these figures, although the reason is not clear, the reverse leakage current can be reduced by using the silicon carbide single crystal 1 having the above structure.
[0026]
In this way, by repairing the micropipe defect and forming the silicon carbide single crystal 1 in which the screw dislocation aggregate 2, the stacking fault 3, and the edge dislocation 4 are formed, the reverse leakage current is small, and the stacking fault A single crystal with little electrical anisotropy can be obtained.
[0027]
In the present embodiment, the silicon carbide single crystal 1 in which all of the screw dislocation aggregates 2, the stacking faults 3 and the edge dislocations 4 are formed has been described. However, when the micropipe defects are blocked by the above-described method. 3 includes the silicon carbide single crystal 11 including the screw dislocation aggregate 2 as shown in FIG. 3 and the screw dislocation aggregate 2 and the stacking fault 3 as shown in FIG. Silicon carbide single crystal 21 in which 2 is divided in the axial direction by stacking fault 3 may be formed. In these cases, as in the above embodiment, when the PN diode 5 was formed and the IV characteristics were evaluated, the same effects as described above could be obtained.
[0028]
From this, at least the micropipe defects are repaired, and in the silicon carbide single crystal that has become the aggregate 2 of screw dislocations, the reverse leakage current can be reduced and the electrical anisotropy due to stacking faults can be reduced. I can say that.
[0029]
In the above embodiment, the case where the screw dislocation aggregate 2, the stacking fault 3, and the edge dislocation 4 are formed by repairing the micropipe defect has been described. If the aggregate 2 of the screw dislocations, the stacking faults 3 and the edge dislocations 4 are formed, the silicon carbide single crystal 1 with less reverse leakage current and good device characteristics can be obtained.
[0030]
【Example】
Example 1
A 6H—SiC single crystal substrate doped with n-type impurities was prepared as a sample of silicon carbide single crystal 1 having micropipe defects. This 6H—SiC single crystal substrate had a thickness of about 1 mm and a micropipe defect density of about 100 / cm 2 .
[0031]
A 3C—SiC film having a thickness of about 20 μm was formed on the (0001) and (000-1) surfaces of the 6H—SiC single crystal substrate by a CVD method. Film formation conditions at this time were a substrate temperature of 1500 ° C., a SiH 4 flow rate of 2-8 SCCM, a C 3 H 8 flow rate of 1-5 sccm, a H 2 flow rate of 11 SLM, and a film formation time of 5 hours.
[0032]
However, SCCM means “Specific Cubic cm / min” and SLM means “Specific liter / min”.
[0033]
Thereafter, the sample was housed in a graphite crucible (not shown) in a state of being embedded in silicon carbide powder and subjected to heat treatment. The heat treatment conditions at this time were a heat treatment temperature of 2300 ° C., an Ar atmosphere pressure of 79.8 kPa (600 Torr), and a heating time of 24 hours.
[0034]
After the heat treatment, the sample was taken out from the graphite crucible, polished to a thickness of about 50 μm from the surface of the sample, and the surface of the sample was observed. As a result, it was revealed that the micropipe defects that had been opened on the surface of the 6H—SiC single crystal substrate were closed before the heat treatment, and the micropipe defects were repaired by the above process.
[0035]
Further, a sample was cut out in parallel with the c-axis, and a portion where a micropipe defect was present was analyzed in detail by TEM.
[0036]
As a result, a plurality of screw dislocation aggregates 2 (about 7 pieces in a thin piece having a width of about 1 μm and a thickness of about 0.05 μm) exist in the region (or the periphery thereof) where the micropipe defect was present. It was.
[0037]
Furthermore, there were many stacking faults 3 generated in the C plane so that the aggregate 2 of screw dislocations was divided in the axial direction at intervals of about 0.01 to 1 μm. However, this stacking fault is generated only in the repaired portion and its periphery, and spreads in a range of about 10 μm or less around the screw dislocation aggregate 2.
[0038]
It was also confirmed that at some of the intersections between the screw dislocation assemblies 2 and the stacking faults 3, the screw dislocation assemblies 2 slip due to the stacking faults 3 and are discontinuous.
[0039]
Further, edge dislocations 4 parallel to the C-plane are also observed, and as in the case of the stacking fault 3, the screw dislocation aggregates 2 are discontinuous at the intersections between the screw dislocation aggregates 2 and the edge dislocations 4. It was confirmed that
[0040]
Subsequently, a 3.5 ° off-axis substrate was produced from the sample in which the micropipe defects were blocked as described above, and a PN diode 5 as shown in FIG. 2 was produced.
[0041]
That is, after growing an n type epitaxial layer 6 made of 6H—SiC having an n type impurity concentration of about 5 × 10 16 / cm 3 on the substrate to a thickness of about 3 μm, the n type epitaxial layer 6 is formed. p-type impurity concentration is continuously ion-implanted boron and carbon so that about 1 × 10 19 / cm 3 to form a p + -type region 7, is further electrically connected to the p + -type region 7 PN diode 5 having a diameter of about 130 μm was manufactured by forming electrode 8 and electrode 9 electrically connected to the back side of silicon carbide single crystal 1. And the IV characteristic of the reverse direction of this PN diode 5 was evaluated.
[0042]
As a result, the breakdown voltage when the reverse leakage current was 1 μA was about 450V, and the reverse leakage current was extremely low and the breakdown voltage was high. Note that the withstand voltage at this time was equivalent to the case where the PN diode 5 was formed in a portion where no crystal defects were formed and the IV characteristics in the reverse direction were evaluated.
[0043]
On the other hand, for comparison, as shown in FIG. 5A, a PN diode was fabricated in the same manner as described above, and IV characteristics were evaluated using a crystal in which micropipe defects and screw dislocations alone remained as a substrate. However, the leakage current in the reverse direction was large, the breakdown voltage at a leakage current of 1 μA was as low as about 150 V, and the rectification characteristics were not good.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a cross section of a silicon carbide single crystal 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a cross section of a PN diode manufactured using silicon carbide single crystal 1 shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a cross section of silicon carbide single crystal 1 in another example of the first embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a cross section of silicon carbide single crystal 1 in another example of the first embodiment.
5A is a diagram showing a substrate 101 on which micropipe defects and screw dislocations are formed, and FIG. 5B is a diagram showing a cross section of a PN diode formed using the substrate 101 in FIG. 5A. .
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Silicon carbide single crystal, 2 ... Aggregation of screw dislocation, 3 ... Stacking fault, 4 ... Edge dislocation, 5 ... PN diode, 6 ... n < - > type epitaxial layer, 7 ... p <+> type | mold area | region, 8 ... Electrode, 9: Electrode.

Claims (2)

らせん転位の集合体(2)と積層欠陥(3)および刃状転位(4)が含まれており、前記らせん転位の集合体(2)が前記積層欠陥(3)もしくは前記刃状転位(4)によって該らせん転位の伸長方向に分断されている炭化珪素単結晶(1)と、
該らせん転位の集合体(2)を含む前記炭化珪素単結晶(1)の表面上に形成されたエピタキシャル層(6)を含む半導体デバイスと、を含むことを特徴とする炭化珪素単結晶を用いた炭化珪素半導体装置。
An assembly of screw dislocations (2), stacking faults (3), and edge dislocations (4 ) are included, and the assembly of screw dislocations (2) is the stacking faults (3) or the edge dislocations (4). Silicon carbide single crystal (1) divided in the extension direction of the screw dislocations by
A semiconductor device including an epitaxial layer (6) formed on the surface of the silicon carbide single crystal (1) including the aggregate of screw dislocations (2). A silicon carbide semiconductor device.
マイクロパイプ欠陥およびらせん転位を含む炭化珪素単結晶の基板の表面を被覆材で被覆したのち、熱処理を施すことにより、らせん転位の集合体(2)を積層欠陥(3)もしくは刃状転位(4)によって該らせん転位の伸長方向に分断する工程と、The surface of the silicon carbide single crystal substrate containing micropipe defects and screw dislocations is coated with a coating material, and then heat treatment is performed, whereby the screw dislocation aggregate (2) is formed into stacking faults (3) or edge dislocations (4 ) In the extending direction of the screw dislocation,
前記らせん転位の集合体(2)が前記積層欠陥(3)もしくは前記刃状転位(4)によって該らせん転位の伸長方向に分断された前記炭化珪素単結晶からデバイス形成用の基板を切り出し、該基板の表面上にエピタキシャル層(6)の形成工程を含む半導体デバイスの形成工程と、を行うことを特徴とする炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法。A device-forming substrate is cut out from the silicon carbide single crystal in which the aggregate of screw dislocations (2) is divided in the extension direction of the screw dislocations by the stacking fault (3) or the edge dislocations (4), A method for manufacturing a silicon carbide semiconductor device, comprising: a step of forming a semiconductor device including a step of forming an epitaxial layer (6) on a surface of a substrate.
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