JP4329349B2 - ε-polylysine fine powder and method for producing the same - Google Patents
ε-polylysine fine powder and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP4329349B2 JP4329349B2 JP2003024120A JP2003024120A JP4329349B2 JP 4329349 B2 JP4329349 B2 JP 4329349B2 JP 2003024120 A JP2003024120 A JP 2003024120A JP 2003024120 A JP2003024120 A JP 2003024120A JP 4329349 B2 JP4329349 B2 JP 4329349B2
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- polylysine
- fine powder
- methanol
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- 108010039918 Polylysine Proteins 0.000 title claims description 106
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims description 41
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 34
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ε-ポリリジン微粉末およびその製造方法に関する。さらに詳しくは、低含水率ε-ポリリジン微粉末およびその製造方法に関する。
【背景技術】
我々の生活空間には、様々な菌類やカビが存在している。これらの微生物は、しばしば食品を腐敗させたり、悪臭発生の原因となったりして、我々に不快感を与える。また、人体に対して、食中毒をはじめとする様々な疾病や、白癬などの皮膚障害を引き起こす原因となる。衛生的で快適な生活を送るために、微生物増殖抑制は重要な課題であり、我々の接する様々な素材への抗菌機能の付加が望まれている。
このような用途に対して様々な抗菌物質が用いられているが、その中でも、人体への安全性が高く、優れた抗菌性を示すことで注目されているものにε−ポリリジンがある。このε−ポリリジンはその安全性の高さから食品添加物として利用されているが、その他の抗菌用途にも適用可能である。ε−ポリリジンは一般的に、特開平2−20271号公報に公開されているようなε−ポリリジン水溶液とエタノールとの液状組成物、特開平4−53475号公報に開示されているようなε−ポリリジン水溶液と酢酸との液状組成物、特開平5−68520号公報に開示されているようなε−ポリリジンとグリシンなどのアミノ酸との粉末状組成物、および市販されているε−ポリリジンとデキストリンとの粉末状組成物として使用されている。
【0002】
しかし、食品添加物以外の用途、たとえば合成樹脂形成物、もしくは有機合成反応の原料として使用する場合などでは、ε−ポリリジンのみで形成された低含水率の微粉末の形で入手することが望まれている。
このような用途に対して、特開平10−306160号公報に開示されているようなε−ポリリジン水溶液を共沸剤の存在下で減圧乾燥して、低含水率のε−ポリリジン粉末を得る方法が開発されている。しかしながら、この方法により得られるε−ポリリジン粉末の粒径は300μm以上であり、粒径の小さいε−ポリリジン微粉末を得るためには、これを粉砕する必要がある。ところが、この特開平10−306160号公報に開示されている方法により得られるε−ポリリジンは、粉砕性に優れ、容易に微細なε−ポリリジン微粉末が得られると該公報に記載されているが、実際には非常に堅固であり、粒径の小さいε−ポリリジン微粉末を得るためには多大な労力を要する。また、通常の粉砕工程により得られるε−ポリリジン粉末は粒径の分布が200μm以上になり、微粉にするにはさらに粉砕の工数を増やさねばならない。そのため、ε−ポリリジン微粉末は吸湿性が高いことから、粉砕の工数増加は含水量(率)の増加に繋がるという問題があった。
【本発明が解決しようとする課題】
以上の記述から明らかなように、本発明の目的は、低含水率ε−ポリリジン微粉末およびこれを効率的に得るための製造方法を提供するものである。
【0003】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは前記問題点に鑑み、ε−ポリリジンの低含水微粉末の製造方法を鋭意検討した結果、ε−ポリリジン水溶液を共沸剤の存在下で減圧乾燥し得られた固体をメタノールに再溶解させ、これにイソプロパノールなどのメタノールよりも沸点が高いε−ポリリジン貧溶媒を加えた後、減圧下メタノールを留去し、析出物をろ取、乾燥することにより、製造効率が著しく改善されること並びに得られるε−ポリリジン微粉末は低含水率であることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0004】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明につき詳細に説明する。本発明の低含水率ε−ポリリジン微粉末製造方法は、ε−ポリリジン水溶液を共沸剤の存在下で減圧乾燥し得られた固体をメタノールに再溶解させ、これにイソプロパノールなどのメタノールよりも沸点が高いε−ポリリジン貧溶媒を加えた後、減圧下メタノールを留去し、発生した析出物を濾取、乾燥する製造方法である。
【0005】
本発明で用いるε−ポリリジン水溶液は、たとえば、有機合成的手法により合成されたε-ポリリジンもしくは、特公昭59−20359号公報に記載のε-ポリリジン生産菌である、ストレプトマイセス属に属するストレプトマイセス・アルブラス・サブスピーシーズ・リジノポリメラスを培地に培養し、得られた培養物からε-ポリリジンを分離、採取することによって得られるε-ポリリジンの水溶液である。
【0006】
本発明で用いるε−ポリリジン水溶液のε−ポリリジンは、遊離したものでも、無機酸もしくは有機酸と塩を形成したもの(以下、総称して塩という)でもどちらでもよい。いずれのε−ポリリジンも採取時は大量の水を含んでいるが、本発明の製造方法で十分に水分を除去することができる。ε−ポリリジン塩としては、塩酸、硫酸、リン酸などの無機酸との塩、酢酸、プロピオン酸、乳酸、フマル酸、リンゴ酸、クエン酸、マレイン酸、アジピン酸、グルコン酸などの有機酸との塩、カプロン酸、ラウリン酸、ステアリル酸などの中鎖および長鎖飽和脂肪酸との塩、オレイン酸、リノール酸、アラキドン酸などの中鎖および長鎖不飽和脂肪酸との塩をあげることができる。
【0007】
本発明は、ε−ポリリジン水溶液を共沸剤の存在下で減圧乾燥し得られた固体をメタノールに再溶解させ、これにメタノールよりも沸点が高いε−ポリリジン貧溶媒を加えた後、減圧下メタノールを留去し、発生した析出物を濾取、乾燥して低含水率のε−ポリリジン微粉末を得ることを主な目的とする。本発明で用いる共沸剤とは、ε−ポリリジン水溶液に混合することにより、水と共沸混合物を形成し、共沸混合物の蒸発に伴い水分を効率的に除去できるものを指す。具体的には、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、トルエン、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチルをあげることができるが、この他の物質を用いても上記の効果を奏するものであれば、とくに限定するものではない。
【0008】
本発明で行う共沸・脱水は、ε−ポリリジン水溶液を共沸剤の存在下で、常圧で加熱することにより水分を除去する方法、減圧下で水分を除去する方法のいずれの方法を用いて行っても構わないが、分解物の少ない高品質のε−ポリリジンを得るためには60℃以下、好ましくは40℃以下で共沸、脱水することが望ましい。
【0009】
本発明の工程途中で得られるε−ポリリジン固体の含水率が高い場合、その後行う結晶化において結晶が得られないなど悪影響を及ぼすため、その含水率は30重量%以下、好ましくは10重量%以下であることが望ましい。ε−ポリリジン固体の含水率が高い場合は、これをメタノールで再溶解させ、減圧下溶媒を留去することにより、さらに含水率を下げることができる。
【0010】
本発明において用いる貧溶媒は、メタノールよりも沸点が高く、かつ、水溶性であれば用いることができる。具体的にはエタノール、イソプロパノール、n−ブタノール、ジオキサン、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシドなどを挙げることができるが、好ましくはイソプロパノールである。
【0011】
本発明において、濾取した結晶から結晶化に用いた溶媒を十分に揮発させるためには、乾燥処理を行う必要がある。かかる乾燥方法としては、加熱乾燥および減圧乾燥などの広く一般に行われている乾燥方法で十分である。加熱温度60℃以下、好ましくは40℃以下で乾燥を開始し、最高温度150℃以下、好ましくは100℃以下で乾燥させる事が望ましい。
【0012】
また、本発明の製造方法では晶析によりε−ポリリジン微粉末を得ることができる。そのため本発明の製造方法は、粉砕工程を必要とせず、結晶を得るための工程が非常に簡便であり、数kgから数十tスケールでの微紛末調製にも容易に対応可能である。また、晶析の条件により、結晶の粒径を制御する事も可能である。すなわち、本発明のε−ポリリジン微粉末の粒径は、0.8μmから70μmとすることができる。従って、本発明の製造方法はε−ポリリジン微粒子を得る方法として非常に汎用性が高く、対応できる用途も広い。たとえば、本発明によって得られるε−ポリリジン微粉末を抗菌性樹脂形成品に用いた場合、非常に分散性が良く、外観の良い形成品を得ることが極めて容易である。
【0013】
また、本発明で得られるε−ポリリジン微粉末は低含水率であることから、水分が問題となるような有機合成の原料として、本発明で得られるε−ポリリジン微粉末を利用する事により、水分が原因となる副反応を押さえる事が可能である。
【0014】
このように、本発明の製造方法によって得られるε−ポリリジン微粉末は、低含水率である。その用途としては、抗菌性樹脂形成品用途、有機合成原料としての用途を例として挙げたが、特にこの用途のみに限定されるものではなく、水分が悪影響を及ぼす用途全般に対して有効である。
【0015】
【実施例】
以下に実施例によって本発明を説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例によりなんら制限されるべきものではない。なお、以下の実施例における「%」は特に断りのない限り、「重量%」である。
【0016】
実施例1(ε−ポリリジン結晶化1)
1000mLなす型フラスコ内にε−ポリリジン11.4%水溶液500mLを加え、ロータリーエバポレーターを用いて減圧下水を溜去、溶液体積を200mL程度まで減少させた後、メタノール100mLを加えて、均一になるまで攪拌後、ほぼ乾固するまで溶媒を留去した。ここにメタノールを500mL加え、加熱、攪拌することにより完全溶解させた。ここにε−ポリリジンに対して貧溶媒であるイソプロパノール500mLを加え、均一な溶液を得た。ここから減圧下溶液の容量が200mL程度になるまでロータリーエバポレーターを用いて溶媒を溜去し、析出した白色粉末を濾取した。濾過物をジエチルエーテル100mLで洗浄した後、減圧下30℃で12時間乾燥し、白色粉末55.3gを得た。これをε−ポリリジン結晶1とする。このε−ポリリジン結晶1のSEM写真を図1に示す。
【0017】
実施例2(ε−ポリリジン結晶化2)
2000mLなす型フラスコにε−ポリリジン25%水溶液1086.7gを加え、ロータリーエバポレーターを用いて減圧下水を留去、溶液体積を300mLまで減少させた後、メタノール400mLを加えて、均一になるまで攪拌の後、ほぼ乾固するまで溶媒を留去した。ここにさらにメタノール400mLを加えて、均一になるまで攪拌の後、乾固するまで溶媒を留去した。ここにメタノール1Lを加えて、均一になるまで攪拌の後、イソプロパノール1Lを加え、30分攪拌の後、ロータリーエバポレーターを用いて、減圧下溶媒を1L留去し、析出した白色粉末を濾取した。濾過物を減圧下40℃で24時間乾燥し、微黄色粉末278.2gを得た。これをε−ポリリジン結晶2とする。このε−ポリリジン結晶2のSEM写真を図2に示す。
【0018】
実施例3(粒度分布測定)
実施例2で得られたε−ポリリジン結晶2と比較するため、特開平10−306160号公報に開示の方法により、ε−ポリリジン粉末を得た。これをε−ポリリジン結晶3とした。このε−ポリリジン結晶3のSEM写真を図3に示す。
【0019】
ε−ポリリジン結晶2および3につき、ベックマン・コールター社製LS粒度分布測定装置(LS230)を用い、レーザー散乱回折法により粒度分布を測定した。本発明のε−ポリリジン微粉末(ε−ポリリジン結晶2)は、従来の粉末(ε−ポリリジン結晶3)に比較して平均径で1/50の粒径のものが得られることが判った。
測定結果を表1に示す。
【表1】
ε−ポリリジン結晶の粒度分布(体積統計値)
また、ε−ポリリジン結晶2、3の頻度体積を図4、5に示す。
【0020】
実施例4(含水率測定試験)
一般的な凍結乾燥法によりε−ポリリジンのアモルファス結晶を得た。これを粉砕したものをε−ポリリジン結晶4とした。
1/10mgまで秤量できる微量天秤で、ε−ポリリジン結晶1〜4を各1gずつ精秤した後、105℃の加熱雰囲気下にて60分間加熱乾燥を行い、加熱乾燥終了後、ただちにシリカゲル入りのデシケーター内に置いた。これを30分間室温で放置した後、再び各ε−ポリリジン結晶を精秤し、各ε−ポリリジン結晶の重量減少率をε−ポリリジン結晶の含水率とした。結果を表2に示した。
【0021】
【表2】
【0022】
*) SEMによるスケール観察で測定した。
**)ベックマン・コールター社製LS粒度分布測定装置(LS230)を用い、レーザー散乱回折法により測定した。
【0023】
実施例5(抗菌性試験1)
実施例1で得られたε−ポリリジン結晶1および実施例3で得たε−ポリリジン結晶3を使用し、以下の試験を行った。
普通ブイヨン培地を滅菌精製水で500倍に希釈し、pHを7.0±0.2に調整した「1/500培地」に、滅菌したピペットで大腸菌(Escherichia coliIFO3972)を、培地中の生菌数が3.0×105個/mLの濃度となるように試験菌液を調整した。温度35±1℃、相対湿度90%以上の条件で24時間培養を行い、培養終了後、培養液1mL中の生菌数を標準寒天培地法により測定した。試験終了後、菌数が増殖したものを+、増殖しなかったものを−と表示した結果を表3に示した。
【0024】
【表3】
ε−ポリリジン濃度と大腸菌数
上記の表において示されるように、結晶化の方法に依存するε−ポリリジンの抗菌性の差異は無いと認められた。
【0025】
実施例6
ポリプロピレン(MFR10g/10分、230℃、21.18N)を99.8%、BHTを0.1%、実施例1で得られたε−ポリリジン結晶1を0.1%となるように調整しながらブレンダーで均一混合した後、該混合物を50×50×0.5mmの金型に充填し、200℃に設定したホットプレスで該金型を19.61MPaの圧力で1分間加熱圧縮することにより、シート1を作成した。
実施例7
ε−ポリリジン結晶1の代わりにε−ポリリジン結晶2を用いた以外は、実施例6に準拠してシート2を作成した。
実施例8
ε−ポリリジン結晶1の代わりにε−ポリリジン結晶3を用いた以外は、実施例6に準拠してシート3を作成した。
実施例9(シートの外観観察試験)
ε−ポリリジン結晶1を配合しなかった以外は、実施例6に準拠してシート4を作成した。
前記の実施例6〜8で得られたシート1〜3およびシート4の外観を目視で観察した。その結果を表4に示す。
【0026】
【表4】
ε−ポリリジンシートの外観
【0027】
表4から明らかなように、本発明の製造方法で得られたε−ポリリジン微粉末を用いたシート1、2は、分散性に優れ、平滑なポリプロピレンシートが得られることが分かった。反面、一般的な製造方法によって得られたε−ポリリジンを用いたシート3はポリプロピレンシート中での分散性が少々不良であり、得られたポリプロピレンシートは表面が荒れ、まだら模様等が発生し、平滑性および外観が顕著に悪化することが分かる。
【0028】
実施例10(抗菌性試験2)
“銀等無機抗菌剤研究会 銀等無機抗菌剤の抗菌評価試験法(1995年)”に定められた合成樹脂抗菌試験法である“フィルム密着法”に準じて下記内容の抗菌性試験を行った。
まず、前記の実施例6〜9で得られたポリプロピレンシート1〜4を各々50×50×0.5mmの大きさに切った後、その全面をエタノールの滲み込んだ局方ガーゼで軽く2〜3回拭き、再び室温にて乾燥して、試験片とした。
また一方、普通ブイヨン培地を滅菌精製水で500倍に希釈し、pHを7.0±0.2に調整した「1/500培地」に、滅菌したピペットで大腸菌(Escherichia coli IFO3972)を、培地中の生菌数が3.0×10 5 個/mLの濃度となるように試験菌液を調整した。
【0029】
次に、試験片を各々滅菌シャーレへ入れ、その試験面に試験菌液0.5mLを接種し、さらにその上に滅菌処理を施したポリエチレン製フィルムを被せて蓋をしたのち、温度35±1℃、相対湿度90%以上の条件で24時間培養を行った。培養終了後、各々の試験片、該フィルムに付着している菌をSCDLP培地(10mL)を用いて滅菌シャーレ中に十分に洗い出し、この洗い出した液1mL中の生菌数を標準寒天培地法により測定した。試験終了後、下記計算式により増減値差を算出し、その結果を後述する表5の“洗浄処理なし”の欄に示した。
抗菌無加工試料
A:接種直後の生菌数
B:定時間培養操作後の生菌数
抗菌加工試料
C:定時間培養操作後の生菌数
増減値差 = log 10 (B/A) − log 10 (C/A)
また、試験片を水道水で30分間流水洗浄(流速2L/分)した後、前記の抗菌試験1と同様の操作を行い、その増減値差を算出した。その結果を後述する表5の“流水洗浄30分”の欄に示した。
【0030】
表5に示したように、本発明の製造方法によって得られたε−ポリリジン微粉末を用いたシート1、2、および従来法で製造されたε−ポリリジン粉末を用いたシート3の試験片は、通常の製造方法によって得られたシート4の試験片と比較して、大腸菌に対しての抗菌効果があり、30分間の流水洗浄を行った後であっても抗菌効果の持続力が非常に優れていることが分かった。また、シート3と比較して本発明によって製造されたε−ポリリジン微粉末を用いたシート1、2では、30分間の流水洗浄後に抗菌効果のより優れた持続性が認められた。
【0031】
【表5】
ε−ポリリジンポリプロピレンシートの抗菌性試験
【0032】
【発明の効果】
本発明の製造方法は、従来の製造方法と比べて短時間に含水率の低いε−ポリリジン微粉末を得ることができる。また、得られるε−ポリリジン微粉末は、水分が悪影響を及ぼす用途、例えば有機合成用原料として、また、合成樹脂、油性塗料、印刷インキの抗菌化等の用途に好適である。さらには、非常に粒径が微細なことから、ポリプロピレンなどの合成樹脂に練混した場合にも非常に分散性が良い。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 ε−ポリリジン結晶1(倍率:300倍)
【図2】 ε−ポリリジン結晶2(倍率:300倍)
【図3】 ε−ポリリジン結晶3(倍率:300倍)
【図4】 ε−ポリリジン結晶2の頻度体積
【図5】 ε−ポリリジン結晶3の頻度体積[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fine ε-polylysine powder and a method for producing the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a low water content ε-polylysine fine powder and a method for producing the same.
[Background]
There are various fungi and fungi in our living space. These microorganisms often cause food discomfort and cause unpleasant odors, making us uncomfortable. It also causes various diseases such as food poisoning and skin disorders such as ringworm on the human body. In order to lead a hygienic and comfortable life, suppression of microbial growth is an important issue, and it is desired to add antibacterial functions to various materials that we come into contact with.
Various antibacterial substances are used for such applications. Among them, ε -polylysine has been attracting attention because of its high safety to the human body and excellent antibacterial properties. This ε -polylysine is used as a food additive because of its high safety, but it can also be applied to other antibacterial applications. epsilon - polylysine generally as published in JP-A-2-20271 ε - liquid composition of the polylysine aqueous solution and the ethanol, as disclosed in JP Rights 4-53475 epsilon -Liquid composition of polylysine aqueous solution and acetic acid, powdery composition of ε -polylysine and amino acids such as glycine as disclosed in JP-A-5-68520, and commercially available ε -polylysine and dextrin And used as a powdery composition.
[0002]
However, in applications other than food additives, for example, when used as a synthetic resin former or as a raw material for organic synthesis reactions, it is hoped that it will be obtained in the form of a fine powder with a low water content formed only from ε -polylysine. It is rare.
For such applications, a method of obtaining an ε -polylysine powder having a low water content by drying an ε -polylysine aqueous solution as disclosed in JP-A-10-306160 under reduced pressure in the presence of an azeotropic agent. Has been developed. However, the particle size of the ε -polylysine powder obtained by this method is 300 μm or more, and in order to obtain a ε -polylysine fine powder having a small particle size, it is necessary to grind it. However, ε -polylysine obtained by the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-306160 is excellent in grindability, and it is described in the publication that fine ε -polylysine fine powder can be easily obtained. Actually, it is very solid, and it takes a lot of labor to obtain a fine ε -polylysine powder having a small particle size. Further, the ε -polylysine powder obtained by a normal pulverization step has a particle size distribution of 200 μm or more, and the number of pulverization steps must be further increased to make a fine powder. Therefore, since ε -polylysine fine powder has high hygroscopicity, there has been a problem that an increase in the number of pulverization steps leads to an increase in water content (rate).
[Problems to be solved by the present invention]
As is clear from the above description, an object of the present invention is to provide a low water content ε -polylysine fine powder and a production method for efficiently obtaining this.
[0003]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have view of the above problems, epsilon - a result of intensive studies the method of manufacturing the powder low water fines polylysine, epsilon - polylysine solution was obtained was dried under reduced pressure in the presence of an azeotropic agent solids in methanol After re-dissolving and adding an ε -polylysine poor solvent having a boiling point higher than that of methanol, such as isopropanol, methanol is distilled off under reduced pressure, and the precipitate is collected by filtration and dried to significantly improve production efficiency. And the obtained ε -polylysine fine powder has a low water content, and the present invention has been completed.
[0004]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. The method for producing a low water content ε -polylysine fine powder according to the present invention comprises dissolving an ε -polylysine aqueous solution under reduced pressure in the presence of an azeotropic agent and re-dissolving the solid in methanol, which has a boiling point higher than that of methanol such as isopropanol. After adding a high ε -polylysine poor solvent, methanol is distilled off under reduced pressure, and the generated precipitate is filtered and dried.
[0005]
The aqueous solution of ε -polylysine used in the present invention is, for example, ε-polylysine synthesized by an organic synthetic technique or ε-polylysine-producing bacterium described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-20359, which belongs to the genus Streptomyces. It is an aqueous solution of ε-polylysine obtained by culturing Myces albras subspecies lysinopolymelas in a medium, separating and collecting ε-polylysine from the obtained culture.
[0006]
The ε -polylysine in the ε- polylysine aqueous solution used in the present invention may be either free or formed with a salt with an inorganic acid or organic acid (hereinafter collectively referred to as a salt). Any ε -polylysine contains a large amount of water at the time of collection, but water can be sufficiently removed by the production method of the present invention. ε -polylysine salts include salts with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, citric acid, maleic acid, adipic acid and gluconic acid. And salts with medium chain and long chain saturated fatty acids such as caproic acid, lauric acid and stearyl acid, and salts with medium and long chain unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid .
[0007]
In the present invention, a solid obtained by drying an ε -polylysine aqueous solution under reduced pressure in the presence of an azeotropic agent is redissolved in methanol, and after adding an ε -polylysine poor solvent having a boiling point higher than that of methanol, The main purpose is to obtain ε -polylysine fine powder having a low water content by distilling off methanol and filtering and drying the generated precipitate. The azeotropic agent used in the present invention refers to an azeotropic agent that forms an azeotrope with water by mixing with an ε -polylysine aqueous solution and can efficiently remove moisture as the azeotrope evaporates. Specifically, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, toluene, ethyl acetate, and butyl acetate can be mentioned, but there is no particular limitation as long as the above effect is obtained even when other substances are used.
[0008]
The azeotropic / dehydration performed in the present invention uses either a method of removing water by heating an aqueous ε -polylysine solution at normal pressure in the presence of an azeotropic agent, or a method of removing water under reduced pressure. However, in order to obtain a high-quality ε -polylysine with few decomposition products, it is desirable to azeotrope and dehydrate at 60 ° C. or lower, preferably 40 ° C. or lower.
[0009]
When the water content of the ε -polylysine solid obtained in the course of the present invention is high, the water content is 30% by weight or less, preferably 10% by weight or less, because it causes adverse effects such as failure to obtain crystals in subsequent crystallization. It is desirable that When the water content of the ε -polylysine solid is high, the water content can be further reduced by re-dissolving it with methanol and distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure.
[0010]
The poor solvent used in the present invention can be used if it has a boiling point higher than that of methanol and is water-soluble. Specific examples include ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, dioxane, dimethylformamide, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, and the like, preferably isopropanol.
[0011]
In the present invention, in order to sufficiently volatilize the solvent used for crystallization from the collected crystals, it is necessary to perform a drying treatment. As such a drying method, widely used drying methods such as heat drying and reduced pressure drying are sufficient. It is desirable to start drying at a heating temperature of 60 ° C. or lower, preferably 40 ° C. or lower, and to dry at a maximum temperature of 150 ° C. or lower, preferably 100 ° C. or lower.
[0012]
In the production method of the present invention, ε -polylysine fine powder can be obtained by crystallization. Therefore, the production method of the present invention does not require a pulverization process, the process for obtaining crystals is very simple, and can easily cope with the preparation of fine powder powder on the scale of several kg to several tens of t. It is also possible to control the crystal grain size according to the crystallization conditions. That is, the particle size of the ε -polylysine fine powder of the present invention can be 0.8 μm to 70 μm. Therefore, the production method of the present invention is very versatile as a method for obtaining ε -polylysine fine particles, and has a wide range of applications. For example, when the ε -polylysine fine powder obtained by the present invention is used for an antibacterial resin-formed product, it is extremely easy to obtain a formed product with very good dispersibility and good appearance.
[0013]
Further, since the ε -polylysine fine powder obtained in the present invention has a low water content, by using the ε -polylysine fine powder obtained in the present invention as a raw material for organic synthesis in which moisture becomes a problem, It is possible to suppress side reactions caused by moisture.
[0014]
Thus, the ε -polylysine fine powder obtained by the production method of the present invention has a low water content. Examples of its use include antibacterial resin-formed product use and use as an organic synthetic raw material, but it is not particularly limited to this use, and is effective for all uses in which moisture is adversely affected. .
[0015]
【Example】
EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below with reference to examples, but the present invention should not be limited by these examples. In the following examples, “%” is “% by weight” unless otherwise specified.
[0016]
Example 1 ( ε -polylysine crystallization 1)
Add 500 mL of ε -polylysine 11.4% aqueous solution into a 1000 mL eggplant flask, distill off the water under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator, reduce the solution volume to about 200 mL, and then add 100 mL of methanol until uniform. After stirring, the solvent was distilled off until almost dry. To this, 500 mL of methanol was added, and dissolved completely by heating and stirring. To this, 500 mL of isopropanol, which is a poor solvent for ε -polylysine, was added to obtain a uniform solution. From here, the solvent was distilled off using a rotary evaporator until the volume of the solution under reduced pressure reached about 200 mL, and the precipitated white powder was collected by filtration. The filtrate was washed with 100 mL of diethyl ether and then dried under reduced pressure at 30 ° C. for 12 hours to obtain 55.3 g of a white powder. This is designated as ε -polylysine crystal 1. An SEM photograph of the ε -polylysine crystal 1 is shown in FIG.
[0017]
Example 2 ( ε -polylysine crystallization 2)
2000 m L eggplant type flask epsilon - polylysine 25% aqueous solution of 1086.7g was added, distilled off sewage using a rotary evaporator, after reducing the solution volume to 300 mL, by adding methanol 400 mL, until uniform After stirring, the solvent was distilled off until almost dry. Further, 400 mL of methanol was added thereto, followed by stirring until uniform, and then the solvent was distilled off until dryness. 1 L of methanol was added thereto, and after stirring until uniform, 1 L of isopropanol was added. After stirring for 30 minutes, 1 L of the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator, and the precipitated white powder was collected by filtration. . The filtrate was dried under reduced pressure at 40 ° C. for 24 hours to obtain 278.2 g of a slightly yellow powder. This is designated as ε -polylysine crystal 2. An SEM photograph of this ε -polylysine crystal 2 is shown in FIG.
[0018]
Example 3 (particle size distribution measurement)
In order to compare with the ε -polylysine crystal 2 obtained in Example 2, ε -polylysine powder was obtained by the method disclosed in JP-A-10-306160. This was designated as ε -polylysine crystal 3. An SEM photograph of this ε -polylysine crystal 3 is shown in FIG.
[0019]
For ε -polylysine crystals 2 and 3, the particle size distribution was measured by a laser scattering diffraction method using an LS particle size distribution analyzer (LS230) manufactured by Beckman Coulter. The ε -polylysine fine powder ( ε -polylysine crystal 2) of the present invention was found to have an average particle size of 1/50 compared to the conventional powder ( ε -polylysine crystal 3).
The measurement results are shown in Table 1.
[Table 1]
Particle size distribution of ε -polylysine crystals (volume statistics)
The frequency volume of the ε -polylysine crystals 2 and 3 is shown in FIGS.
[0020]
Example 4 (moisture content measurement test)
An amorphous crystal of ε -polylysine was obtained by a general freeze-drying method. The pulverized product was designated as ε -polylysine crystal 4.
Using a microbalance that can weigh up to 1/10 mg, 1 g of each of ε -polylysine crystals 1 to 4 was precisely weighed, and then heat-dried in a heated atmosphere at 105 ° C. for 60 minutes. Placed in a desiccator. After standing at room temperature for 30 minutes, the epsilon again - precisely weighed polylysine crystals, each epsilon - was water content of polylysine crystals - the weight reduction ratio of polylysine crystalline epsilon. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0021]
[Table 2]
[0022]
*) Measured by scale observation with SEM.
**) Measured by a laser scattering diffraction method using an LS particle size distribution analyzer (LS230) manufactured by Beckman Coulter.
[0023]
Example 5 (Antimicrobial test 1)
Using the ε -polylysine crystal 1 obtained in Example 1 and the ε -polylysine crystal 3 obtained in Example 3, the following tests were conducted.
A normal bouillon medium is diluted 500-fold with sterilized purified water and adjusted to a pH of 7.0 ± 0.2. The test bacterial solution was adjusted to a concentration of 0 × 10 5 cells / mL. Culturing was performed for 24 hours under conditions of a temperature of 35 ± 1 ° C. and a relative humidity of 90% or more. After the cultivation, the number of viable cells in 1 mL of the culture solution was measured by a standard agar medium method. Table 3 shows the results when the number of bacteria increased after the completion of the test and indicated as + when the number did not grow.
[0024]
[Table 3]
ε -Polylysine concentration and E. coli count
As shown in the above table, it was recognized that there was no difference in the antibacterial properties of ε -polylysine depending on the method of crystallization.
[0025]
Example 6
Polypropylene (MFR 10 g / 10 min, 230 ° C., 21.18 N) was adjusted to 99.8%, BHT 0.1%, and the ε -polylysine crystal 1 obtained in Example 1 to 0.1%. After mixing uniformly with a blender, the mixture was filled into a 50 × 50 × 0.5 mm mold, and the mold was heated and compressed at a pressure of 19.61 MPa for 1 minute with a hot press set at 200 ° C. Sheet 1 was created.
Example 7
A sheet 2 was prepared according to Example 6 except that ε -polylysine crystal 2 was used instead of ε- polylysine crystal 1.
Example 8
A sheet 3 was prepared according to Example 6 except that ε -polylysine crystal 3 was used instead of ε- polylysine crystal 1.
Example 9 (Sheet appearance observation test)
A sheet 4 was prepared according to Example 6 except that the ε -polylysine crystal 1 was not blended.
The appearance of the sheets 1 to 3 and the sheet 4 obtained in Examples 6 to 8 was visually observed. The results are shown in Table 4.
[0026]
[Table 4]
ε -Polylysine sheet appearance
[0027]
As apparent from Table 4, it was found that Sheets 1 and 2 using the ε -polylysine fine powder obtained by the production method of the present invention were excellent in dispersibility and a smooth polypropylene sheet was obtained. On the other hand, the sheet 3 using ε -polylysine obtained by a general production method has a slightly poor dispersibility in the polypropylene sheet, the surface of the obtained polypropylene sheet is rough, mottled patterns and the like occur, It can be seen that the smoothness and appearance are significantly deteriorated.
[0028]
Example 10 (Antimicrobial test 2)
The following antibacterial tests were conducted in accordance with the “film adhesion method”, which is a synthetic resin antibacterial test method defined in the “Seminar of Inorganic Antibacterial Agents such as Silver Antibacterial Evaluation Test Method for Silver and Other Inorganic Antibacterials (1995)” It was.
First, after cutting the polypropylene sheets 1 to 4 obtained in Examples 6 to 9 into 50 × 50 × 0.5 mm each, the entire surface is lightly removed with a pharmacopeia that is impregnated with ethanol. The sample was wiped three times and dried again at room temperature to obtain a test piece.
On the other hand, normal bouillon medium is diluted 500 times with sterilized purified water, pH is adjusted to 7.0 ± 0.2, and E. coli (Escherichia coli IFO3972) is added to the medium with a sterilized pipette. The test bacterial solution was adjusted so that the number of viable bacteria therein was 3.0 × 10 5 cells / mL.
[0029]
Next, each test piece is put into a sterilized petri dish, and 0.5 mL of the test bacterial solution is inoculated on the test surface. Further, a sterilized polyethylene film is covered on the test surface, and the lid is covered. Culturing was performed for 24 hours under the conditions of ° C and relative humidity of 90% or more. After completion of the culture, each test piece and the bacteria adhering to the film were thoroughly washed out in a sterile petri dish using SCDLP medium (10 mL), and the number of viable bacteria in 1 mL of the washed liquid was determined by the standard agar medium method. It was measured. After completion of the test, the increase / decrease value difference was calculated by the following formula, and the result is shown in the column of “No cleaning treatment” in Table 5 described later.
Antibacterial unprocessed sample A: Number of viable bacteria immediately after inoculation B: Number of viable bacteria after fixed-time culture operation Antibacterial processed sample C: Number of viable bacteria after fixed-time culture operation Increase / decrease value difference = log 10 (B / A)-log 10 (C / A)
Moreover, after wash | cleaning a test piece with running water for 30 minutes (flow rate 2L / min), operation similar to the said antibacterial test 1 was performed, and the increase / decrease value difference was computed. The results are shown in the column of “washing with running
[0030]
As shown in Table 5, the test pieces of the sheets 1 and 2 using the ε -polylysine fine powder obtained by the production method of the present invention and the sheet 3 using the ε -polylysine powder produced by the conventional method are as follows. Compared with the test piece of the sheet 4 obtained by the normal manufacturing method, it has an antibacterial effect against E. coli and has a very long lasting antibacterial effect even after washing with running water for 30 minutes. I found it excellent. Further, in Sheets 1 and 2 using the ε -polylysine fine powder produced according to the present invention as compared with Sheet 3, a superior durability of antibacterial effect was observed after washing with running water for 30 minutes.
[0031]
[Table 5]
Antimicrobial test of ε -polylysine polypropylene sheet
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
According to the production method of the present invention, ε -polylysine fine powder having a low moisture content can be obtained in a short time compared to the conventional production method. The obtained ε -polylysine fine powder is suitable for applications in which moisture is adversely affected, for example, as a raw material for organic synthesis and for applications such as antibacterialization of synthetic resins, oil-based paints, and printing inks. Furthermore, since the particle size is very fine, the dispersibility is very good even when mixed with a synthetic resin such as polypropylene.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 ε -polylysine crystal 1 (magnification: 300 times)
FIG. 2 ε -polylysine crystal 2 (magnification: 300 times)
FIG. 3 ε -polylysine crystal 3 (magnification: 300 times)
Fig. 4 Frequency volume of ε -polylysine crystal 2 Fig. 5 Frequency volume of ε -polylysine crystal 3
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