JP4334683B2 - Cermet, method for producing the cermet, and method for using the cermet - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a cermet produced by a powder metallurgy method, a method for producing the cermet, and a method for using the cermet. Since the cermet according to the present invention has a property that gas and liquid can permeate in particular, it can be applied to a paper container forming tool, an air slider, a vacuum chuck, and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, cermet has been widely used as a hard material for tools because of its excellent strength and cutting performance. For example, cermets have also been widely used in paper cup molding processes. The bottom and top of the paper cup are folded in one direction to form the rim portion, and the rim portion is formed, thereby ensuring the strength of each end and improving the aesthetics as a cup. User comfort is improved.
[0003]
In this folding process, the end of the cup to be folded is pressed against the surface of the cermet tool. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the friction between the tool and the paper when the finish is beautiful and rapid processing is to be performed. Furthermore, it is necessary to prevent the vinyl used for coating the paper cup from melting and adhering to the surface of the tool due to heating during processing. For this reason, edible oil etc. were spray-applied on the processing surface of the tool as a lubricant.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in such a conventional technique, edible oil is applied by spraying, so even if it is not visible, the edible oil that is a lubricant scatters other than the machined surface of the tool, contaminating the device and the floor. In addition, the use efficiency of the lubricant is also reduced.
[0005]
In addition, the scattered lubricant may adhere to the paper container as a product. In this case, the paper container is not suitable for hygiene when used as tableware, and a product defect occurs. Accordingly, it has been desired to establish a technique that can avoid the occurrence of such defects.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Thus, the inventors have conducted researches to solve such problems, and as a result, have come to know the present invention. In carrying out the present invention, the inventors thought that the lubricant could not be applied to the surface of the tool but ooze out from the inside of the tool. And by making a continuous pore inside the alloy of the cermet, it was decided to develop a cermet having gas and liquid permeability.
[0007]
As a result of research, it was found that a cermet having continuous pores can be obtained by making the hard phase of the alloy coarse and fine mixed grains and making the binder phase to be appropriate. Claim 1 includes carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, oxynitrides, borides, silicides, and C, N, O, B of metals included in groups 4A, 5A, and 6A of the periodic table. A cermet for producing hard phase constituent particles composed of a compound of one or more types of Si and binder phase constituent particles composed of one or more types of Ni, Co, and Fe by a powder metallurgy method, wherein the particles are formed in the alloy structure. The product according to the present invention was described as a cermet containing a coarse hard phase having a diameter of 20 to 300 μm and having 5 to 50% of through pores having an average diameter of 0.1 to 200 μm.
[0008]
The cermet when used as a normal hard material for tools is rather various in its manufacturing process so as to eliminate pores contained in the structure in consideration of its required characteristics such as toughness and cutting chipping characteristics. Made. On the other hand, the cermet according to the present invention has a coarse hard phase having a particle size of 20 to 300 μm in its alloy structure, and by forming this coarse hard phase, a liquid or gas is present in the structure. Through-holes with an average diameter of 0.1 to 200 μm that can maintain the permeability of the film are formed. In the above and the following, the term “penetrating pore” is used to mean a pore capable of maintaining the permeability of liquid or gas.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The cermet according to the present invention includes carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, oxynitrides, borides, silicides, and C, N, O, and metals contained in groups 4A, 5A, and 6A of the periodic table. It has a composition composed of one or more of B and Si. Among them, the cermet according to the present invention in which the hard phase constituting particles are composed of one or more of TiC, TiN, Ti (C, N), WC, Cr3 C2 and Mo2 C can form particularly stable through pores. Yes, the product quality is high.
[0010]
The reason why the through pores are 5 to 50% is that the permeability of the solution or gas becomes rapidly inferior when the penetration pores are smaller than 5%. And if it exceeds 50%, the mechanical strength of the cermet tool material and component material according to the present invention will not satisfy the required strength. The percentage of the through-pore here is obtained as a ratio of the area occupied by the pore portion in the photograph taken with the optical microscope or the scanning electron microscope by observing the cross-sectional structure of the cermet according to the present invention. The average diameter of the aforementioned through-pores is also a value measured using these photographs.
[0011]
Hereinafter, as a method for producing the cermet according to the present invention, a metal belonging to groups 4A, 5A and 6A of the periodic table, carbide, nitride, carbonitride, carbonitride, boride, silicide, And a first granular material having a particle size of 10 μm or less, composed of hard phase constituting particles composed of a compound of at least one of C, N, O, B, and Si. Including the rest of the three powders, the same composition as the first powder, and 20 to 80 mass% of the second powder having a particle size of 20 μm to 300 μm, Ni, Co, and Fe A green compact formed by compression molding a mixed powder containing 3 to 30 mass% of a third granular material composed of one or more of the above is sintered in a vacuum or a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere. .
[0012]
In this production method, as a component that forms a hard phase, a carbide, nitride, carbonitride, carbonitride, boride, silicide of metals belonging to groups 4A, 5A, and 6A of the periodic table , And one or more compounds of C, N, O, B, and Si. And it has the characteristic in the point which uses simultaneously the 1st granular material, the 2nd granular material, and the granular material which has two types of particle size distribution. The first granular material is a fine particle having a particle size of 10 μm or less, and is separated and collected using a mesh capable of separating particles of 10 μm or less. The second granular material has coarse particles of 20 μm or more and 300 μm or less, and is also collected separately using a mesh. By simultaneously using the powder particles having these two types of particle size distributions, it is possible to form a coarse hard phase having a particle size of 20 to 300 μm in the structure.
[0013]
As a mixing ratio, it is set as the 2nd granular material 20-80 mass%, the 3rd granular material is 3-30 mass%, and the remainder is the 1st granular material. This is determined as a mixing ratio that allows the ratio of the through-pores to be formed to be in the range of 5 to 50%. Ni, Co, and Fe that are the third granular material are components that play a role as a binder phase.
[0014]
Regarding the method of adjusting the powder, first, the first powder (fine particles) and the third powder (iron group element) are mixed and pulverized with a ball mill or an attritor to form a slurry, and then the second powder Add powder (coarse) and dry with heating with a mixing stirrer. About the 2nd granular material, since it must be a coarse particle, it cannot put into mixing stirrers, such as a ball mill and an attritor.
[0015]
With the above manufacturing method, a cermet having a through-hole through which liquid and gas can be transmitted is obtained. When pressure is applied from one end surface side of the surface of the cermet and a liquid or gas is flown, the liquid or gas flowed out flows out from the other end surface of the cermet through the through-hole. By applying this characteristic, the following usage methods are possible.
[0016]
First, it is a metal mold | die used for press molding of a paper container, Comprising: At least the part which contact | connects paper can be comprised with the cermet which concerns on this invention. As a result, without spraying the lubricant into the mold by spraying, the part made of the cermet according to the present invention oozes out the oil as the lubricant on the mold surface, and continues only to the part where the paper container is processed. Thus, the lubricant can be supplied. This prevents the lubricant from adhering to the paper container and other parts of the product, and has the effect of increasing the use efficiency of the lubricant.
[0017]
In addition, if you want to supply lubricant in a point-by-point manner, by covering the parts you do not want to flow out with resin, the lubricant can flow out only to the necessary parts, greatly increasing the degree of freedom in equipment design. It becomes possible to improve.
[0018]
Furthermore, the cermet according to the present invention can be used as an air blow floor portion. An air slider is a device that makes it possible to move a heavy object with a very small force by slightly floating it using the force that blows off the heavy object.
[0019]
In general, an air slider has a structure in which a floor portion which is a floor surface is provided with a number of fine air blow holes, and high-pressure air is blown from a bottom portion to a heavy object placed on the floor portion. This floor portion is referred to herein as an air blow floor portion. The cermet according to the present invention is used as a constituent material of the floor portion. Since the cermet according to the present invention has gas permeability, when high-pressure air is blown from below the floor portion, the same effect as that when a fine air blow hole is formed is achieved.
[0020]
In addition, the cermet according to the present invention can be used as a vacuum chuck. The vacuum chuck here is a jig used to fix the position of a workpiece to be grindered, and is performed on a predetermined fixing surface. The cermet according to the present invention is used for this fixed surface.
[0021]
There is what is called an electromagnetic chuck as a similar one to such a vacuum chuck, and there is one that fixes a workpiece by the force of a magnet. This type of defect has a drawback that it cannot be used other than iron-based ones because it uses magnets.
【Example】
Hereinafter, the Example regarding the cermet which concerns on this invention is shown.
[0022]
Example 1
As the first granular material, 40 mass% of Ti (C, N) granular material having an average particle size of 1.0 μm, 20 mass% of WC granular material having an average particle size of 1.5 μm, and Mo 2 C powder having an average particle size of 1.0 μm. 18 mass% of granules and 2 mass% of Cr3 C2 powder having an average particle size of 1.0 μm were used. To this, 20 mass% of Ni powder was added as the third powder described above, and wet-mixed and pulverized in a ball mill in alcohol to form a slurry.
[0023]
To this slurry, a TiC granular material having an average particle size of 120 μm is added as a second granular material, and an appropriate amount of a molding aid is added. Got. The addition amount of the TiC granular material at this time was the same amount as the solid component amount in the slurry.
[0024]
And using the sintering raw material obtained here, it pressure-molded by the pressure of 100 Mpa by CIP (cold isostatic pressing), and was set as the green compact. And this green compact was vacuum-sintered on the conditions of 1500 degreeC x 1 hour in a vacuum heating furnace, and the chip | tip of the target cermet was obtained.
[0025]
The cermet obtained by this method has about 20% penetrating pores, processed into a paper cup mold, and edible oil as a lubricant was flowed in by applying pressure from one end side. It was confirmed that the lubricant flowed out uniformly, and the edible oil spray application described above could be made unnecessary. Therefore, if this cermet is used to form at least the part that contacts the paper in the press molding of the paper container, it prevents the lubricant from adhering to the paper container that is the product and other parts of the device, and the use efficiency of the lubricant. There is an effect to increase.
[0026]
The obtained cermet can also pass air, and an air blow floor part is formed with the obtained cermet, and if the air is blown out from the surface, the heavy object can be slightly floated. Can be moved.
[0027]
Further, by forming a vacuum chuck with cermet and sucking air, contrary to the case of air blow, the workpiece to be cut during grinder processing can be adsorbed and fixed to the surface.
[0028]
Example 2
The cermet was obtained by changing the mixing ratio of the composition in Example 1 (first granular material + third granular material) and the second granular material as shown in Table 1 below. . As a result, as shown below, good through pores were obtained when the second granular material was in the range of 20 to 80 mass%.
[0029]
(Table 1)
Characteristics of the second granular ( mass%) alloy
Comparative Example 10 Closed pores
Example 20 With open pores
Example 50 With open pores
Example 80 With open pores
Comparative Example 90 Cannot be sintered
[0030]
Example 3
The composition of Example 1 (first powder + third powder) and the second powder were mixed at 50 mass%, and the latter particle size was changed as shown in Table 2. And got cermet. As a result, good through pores were obtained when the particle size of the second granular material was in the range of 20 to 300 μm, as described below. In addition, when the particle size was 400 μm, the molding process became difficult.
[0031]
(Table 2)
Second powder (μm) Characteristics of the alloy
Comparative Example 15 Closed pores
Example 20 With open pores
Example 120 with open pores
Example 300 with open pores
Comparative Example 400 Cannot be sintered
[0032]
Example 4
The mixing ratio of the first granular material having the composition in Example 1 [WC: Ti (C, N): Mo2 C: Cr3 C2 = 10: 20: 9: 1] and the third granular material Ni is determined. The total was 50 mass%, and the second powder [TiC (particle size: 120 μm) was mixed with 50 mass% to obtain a cermet having the composition shown in Table 3. As a result, good through pores were obtained when the third granular material was in the range of 3 to 30 mass% as described below.
[0033]
(Table 3)
Properties of the third powder ( mass%) alloy
Comparative Example 2 Cannot be sintered
Example 3 There are open pores
Example 10 There are open pores
Example 30 There are open pores
Comparative Example 40 Closed pores
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
By providing the cermet according to the present invention described above, it is possible to pioneer a new usage method and field of use of the cermet. The method for producing cermet according to the present invention is epoch-making as a production method capable of adjusting the ratio and average diameter of pores contained in a tissue within a certain range.

Claims (7)

One or more of carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, oxynitrides, borides, silicides, and C, N, O, B, and Si of metals included in groups 4A, 5A, and 6A of the periodic table A cermet for producing a hard phase constituent particle composed of a compound of the above and a binder phase constituent particle composed of at least one of Ni, Co and Fe by a powder metallurgy method,
A cermet comprising an alloy structure containing a coarse hard phase having a particle size of 20 to 300 μm and having 5 to 50% of through pores having an average diameter of 0.1 to 200 μm. 2. The cermet according to claim 1, wherein the hard phase constituting particles are composed of one or more of TiC, TiN, Ti (C, N), WC, Cr3 C2 and Mo2 C. Of metals belonging to groups 4A, 5A and 6A of the periodic table, carbide, nitride, carbonitride, carbonitride, boride, silicide, and one or more of C, N, O, B, Si Including the first granular material having a particle size of 10 μm or less of the composition composed of the hard phase constituting particles composed of the compound of the following as the remainder other than the following second granular material and third granular material,
The composition is the same as that of the first powder and includes 20 to 80 mass% of the second powder having a particle size of 20 μm to 300 μm,
Sintering a compact in a vacuum or non-oxidizing gas atmosphere by compression molding a mixed powder containing 3 to 30 mass% of a third granular material composed of one or more of Ni, Co, and Fe The method for producing a cermet according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: 4. The first powder and the second powder are composed of at least one of TiC, TiN, Ti (C, N), WC, Cr3 C2 and Mo2 C. Cermet manufacturing method. A mold used for press molding of a paper container,
A paper container molding die characterized in that at least a portion in contact with paper is formed of the cermet according to claim 1 or 2. An air slider comprising an air blow floor portion using the cermet according to claim 1 or 2. A vacuum chuck comprising the cermet according to claim 1.