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JP4334797B2 - Method for packing solid particulates into a fixed bed multitubular reactor. - Google Patents
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JP4334797B2 - Method for packing solid particulates into a fixed bed multitubular reactor. - Google Patents

Method for packing solid particulates into a fixed bed multitubular reactor. Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4334797B2
JP4334797B2 JP2001398093A JP2001398093A JP4334797B2 JP 4334797 B2 JP4334797 B2 JP 4334797B2 JP 2001398093 A JP2001398093 A JP 2001398093A JP 2001398093 A JP2001398093 A JP 2001398093A JP 4334797 B2 JP4334797 B2 JP 4334797B2
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catalyst
filling
solid
reaction tube
multitubular reactor
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JP2002306953A (en
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道雄 谷本
秀人 羽柴
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Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd
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Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd
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  • Furan Compounds (AREA)
  • Epoxy Compounds (AREA)
  • Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、固定床多管式反応器への固体粒状物の充填方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、触媒等の固体粒状物を固定床多管式反応器に充填する方法に関する出願は多く、たとえば、特開昭52−3579号公報には、多管式反応器に触媒を充填する際に各反応管の上端開口部から線状鋼を挿入する方法が、また、特開昭62−30545号公報には、多管式反応器にペレット状の触媒を充填する際に空気を反応管下部より流通させる方法が、それぞれ開示されている。さらに、特開昭55−67325号公報および同57−21928号公報には、多管式反応器に触媒を充填する際に用いられる充填装置に関する方法が開示されている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上述した従来の方法によれば、触媒充填時に発生する触媒の破損および粉化が抑制されるため、所望の触媒充填結果を得ることは十分可能であるが、長期間安定して目的生成物を製造する上では、さらなる改良が望まれる。
そこで、本発明の課題は、触媒等の固体粒状物を充填して各物質の製造に用いるにあたり、長期間安定して目的生成物を製造することができる固定床多管式反応器への固体粒状物の充填方法を提供することにある。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するため、固定床多管式反応器の多数の反応管の各々における固体粒状物、特に触媒の充填の設定条件について、特に各反応管内に充填される触媒量について、鋭意検討、実験を重ねた。その結果、以下のことを見い出し、本発明を完成した。
触媒を充填した多管式反応器に反応ガスを導入し、長期間安定して目的生成物を製造する際、固定床多管式反応器を用いた工業的規模での実施においては、一般的に、反応管数は3,000〜30,000本に達し、理想的には、各反応管に充填される触媒等の量が各反応管の間で均一であり、かつ、触媒等の充填による各反応管の圧力損失が各反応管の間で均一であることが必要である。しかし、工業用反応器の充填においては、充填に必要とされる触媒の量は数十トンに及び、複数のロットの生産が必要である。このような多量の触媒を製造した場合、得られた触媒には、物理的な諸条件、たとえば、形状、サイズ、密度等に各製造ロット間で多少の差が生じるため、これを多数の反応管に充填すると、各反応管に充填される触媒量および各反応管の圧力損失の変動が大きくなり、充填された触媒量、つまり、充填された触媒の層長および圧力損失の調整に多大な時間ならびに労力が費やされることになる。
【0005】
したがって、本発明にかかる固定床多管式反応器への固体粒状物の充填方法は、前記固定床多管式反応器の反応管の管径を15〜50mm、充填される固体粒状物の粒径と前記反応管の管径との比を0.1/1〜0.5/1とし、かつ、前記反応管と同じ内径と長さを有する反応管を用いて行う充填テストで得られる充填量と、前記充填テストに用いる固体粒状物の密度と、各反応管に充填されるべき固体粒状物の密度とに基づき、各反応管に充填されるべき固体粒状物の容積が均一になるように質量管理するとともに、1リッター当たり30秒以上の充填時間で各反応管に固体粒状物を充填することを特徴とする。
本発明によれば、上記本発明にかかる固定床多管式反応器への固体粒状物の充填方法により固体粒状物が充填された固定床多管式反応器(以下では、これを、「本発明にかかる固定床多管式反応器」と言うことがある)を用いて各物質を製造することができる。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明で用いられる固体粒状物としては、特に限定はされないが、たとえば、触媒、不活性物質等が挙げられる。
上記触媒としては、特に限定はされず、公知のものを使用することができ、たとえば、下記(1)〜(10)等が挙げられる。
(1)銀を必須成分として含み、エチレンを気相で酸化して酸化エチレンを製造するための触媒(特開昭63−116743号公報、特開昭62−4444号公報、特開平5−329368号公報、特表平10−510212号公報、特開平5−84440号公報等)。
【0007】
(2)モリブデン、ビスマスおよび鉄を必須成分として含み、プロピレン、イソブチレン、ターシャリーブタノールおよび/またはメチルターシャリーブチルエーテルを気相で酸化して(メタ)アクロレインおよび(メタ)アクリル酸を製造するための触媒(特開昭50−13308号公報、特開昭64−56634号公報、特公昭56−52013号公報、特公昭56−23969号公報、特開昭59−76541号公報等)。
(3)モリブデンおよびバナジウムを必須成分として含み、アクロレインを気相で酸化してアクリル酸を製造するための触媒(特公昭49−11371号公報、特開昭52−85091号公報、特開平6−279030号公報、特開平8−299797号公報等)。
【0008】
(4)モリブデンおよびリンを必須成分として含み、メタクロレインを気相で酸化してメタクリル酸を製造するための触媒(特公昭60−33539号公報、特公平3−26101号公報、特開昭59−12758号公報等)。
(5)バナジウムおよびチタンを必須成分として含み、オルト−キシレンおよび/またはナフタレンを気相で酸化して無水フタル酸を製造するための触媒(特公平7−29056号公報、特公昭58−15176号公報等)。
(6)モリブデンを必須成分として含み、ベンゼンを気相で酸化して無水マレイン酸を製造するための触媒(特開昭62−78号公報等)。
【0009】
(7)リンおよびバナジウムを必須成分として含み、n−ブタンを気相で酸化して無水マレイン酸を製造するための触媒(特開平10−167711号公報、特開平7−51573号公報、特開平5−115783号公報、特開昭50−35088号公報等)。
(8)モリブデンを必須成分として含み、プロパンを気相で酸化してプロピレン、アクロレインおよび/またはアクリル酸を製造するための触媒(特開平9−316023号公報、特開平10−57813号公報、特開平10−120617号公報等)。
【0010】
(9)バナジウムを必須成分として含み、デュレンを気相で酸化して無水ピロメリット酸を製造するための触媒。
(10)その他、固定床多管式反応器に充填して気相接触酸化反応に用いられる固体粒状触媒。
なお、本発明の固定床多管式反応器に充填して用いられる固体粒状物の例である触媒は、気相接触酸化反応に用いられる上記(1)〜(10)の固体粒状触媒に限定されるものではなく、たとえば、アンモ酸化反応、水素化反応、脱水素反応等に用いられる固体粒状触媒をも包含する。
【0011】
前記不活性物質とは、たとえば、触媒を固定床多管式反応器に充填するにあたり、触媒を支持するための支持体;触媒の希釈剤;反応ガスの予熱・冷却材等として用いられ、上記酸化反応(原料および目的生成物)に対して一般的に不活性な物質を言う。その具体例としては、特に限定はされないが、シリカ、アルミナ、シリカアルミナ、金属(ステンレス等)等が挙げられる。また、その形状も特に限定はされず、たとえば、球状、リング状、ラシヒリング、円柱状等が挙げられる。
不活性物質は、1種のみ使用してもよいし、2種以上を適宜組み合わせて用いることもできる。
【0012】
本発明における各反応管に充填される固体粒状物の充填量は、例えば、固定床多管式反応器の反応管の内径と長さとが同一である反応管を用い、充填テストを行うことによって、適宜決定することができる。
固定床多管式反応器の各反応管に触媒を均一に充填するための方法として、上記充填テストから得られた充填量と上記充填テストで使用した触媒の密度 (具体的には見掛け密度または嵩密度)と、複数個の触媒製造単位からなる触媒群(製造ロット)の各々の密度とを考慮し、固定床多管式反応器の各反応管に充填される触媒の容量が均一になるように計量することにより、触媒の充填層長および圧力損失の調整のための労力が大きく軽減される。
【0013】
本発明における、触媒に代表される固体粒状物の見掛け密度および嵩密度は以下の方法によって求めることができる。
嵩密度は、内容積が既知の容器に固体粒状物を充填し、充填された固体粒形物の質量と容器の容量から求めることができる。
本発明においては、固体粒状物を内径40cm、高さ40cmのシリンダーに充填し、ゴム製のクッション材の上で5cmの高さから容器を3回落下させ、容器上部にできた空間部に新たに触媒を充填した後、同様に落下させ、容器上部に空間部ができなくなるまで同様の操作を繰り返した後、容器内に充填された触媒の質量を測定した。この時の触媒の質量をX(g)とすると嵩密度(g/cm3 )はX/(202×円周率×40)より求めた。
【0014】
固体粒状物の見掛け密度の測定方法としては、特に限定はされないが、たとえば、次の2つの方法等が挙げられる。
(1)大気圧下で温度(T(℃))を一定に保ち、比重瓶に、精秤された固体粒状物(質量:w(g))を充填し、比重瓶の標線まで水銀を注入した後、水銀の質量(W(g))を計る。一方、比重瓶に固体粒状物を充填することなく同様に水銀を注入したときの水銀の質量(W’(g))を計る。また、充填された固体粒状物の体積をv(cm3)とする。そして、固体粒状物の見掛け密度を下記式に従って求める方法。
【0015】
固体粒状物の見掛け密度=w/v
ここで、v=(W’−W)/d (d:温度T(℃)での水銀の密度)。
(2)固体粒状物の真密度(g/cm3)および細孔容積(cm3 /g)から、下記式に従って算出する方法。
見掛け密度=1/((1/真密度)+細孔容積)
なお、真密度は、(株)島津製作所製オートピクノメーター1320を用い、ヘリウムの平衡式圧力比較法により測定する。
固体粒状物1g当たりの細孔容積は、(株)島津製作所製オートポアIII 9420を用い、水銀圧入式で測定する。
【0016】
本発明においては、上記のように各反応管に充填されるべき固体粒状物の必要量は、その密度を考慮して設定される。つまり、それぞれの製造ロットの見掛け密度または嵩密度の差を考慮して、各反応管に充填されるべき固体粒状物の容積が均一になるように質量管理すること、および、固体粒状物を各反応管に充填する際の充填時間は、特に限定はされないが、固体粒状物の形状、大きさおよび固体粒状物の大きさと反応管径との関係によって制御されるべきこと、具体的には、固体粒状物1リッター(以下、「リッター」を「L」と記す)当たり30秒以上、好ましくは30〜120秒の範囲を採用することであり、これによって、固体粒状物充填時に発生する圧力損失の不均一化および固体粒状物の充填層長の不均一化を防止することができる。
【0017】
長期間の反応の間に固体粒状物の粉化、崩壊あるいは固体粒状物の構成成分の飛散、昇華等が発生する場合、経時的に圧力損失が変化する場合があるが、本発明の固定床多管式反応器では、充填された固体粒状物による圧力損失が各反応管間で均一になるため、長期間の反応を行っても各反応管間での圧力損失の変化による不均一化を防止することができる。
本発明の固定床多管式反応器は、それが複数並列に配置された場合であっても、固体粒状物の充填時に発生する恐れのある各固定床多管式反応器間の圧力損失の不均一化を制御あるいは防止することができる。
【0018】
本発明の固定床多管式反応器において、その各反応管に充填される固体粒状物の容積および圧力損失を均一にすることができるため、該反応器に反応ガスを導入するに際して、各反応管に導入される反応ガスの量を均一にすることができる。
固体粒状物1L当たりの充填時間が30秒未満の場合、ブリッジ(固体粒状物が充填されていない空間部)等が発生し、固体粒状物の充填層長の不均一化を招くと共に、目的生成物の収量の低下につながる傾向がある。一方、固体粒状物1L当たりの充填時間が120秒より長い場合は、固体粒状物の充填に多くの作業時間を要する。
【0019】
本発明の固定床多管式反応器においては、固体粒状物の充填が、各反応管における固体粒状物の充填層長および固体粒状物の充填による各反応管の圧力損失が全反応管に渡って均一になるような設定でなされていることが好ましい。実際の工業的規模での実施においては、それらの好ましい範囲は、たとえば以下の通りである。
固定床多管式反応器において、その各反応管に充填される固体粒状物の容積を均一にするために、各反応管における固体粒状物の充填層長は、その平均値(平均充填層長)に対して、好ましくは90〜110%(平均値の±10%以内)、より好ましくは95〜105%(平均値の±5%以内)である。特に発熱を伴う反応では固体粒状物の充填層での異常発熱部(ホットスポット部)が形成されるが、反応管間の充填層長のバラツキが大きいと、ホットスポット部の位置が反応管間で変わるため、安定した運転が困難となる。
【0020】
各反応管における固体粒状物の充填による圧力損失は、特に限定されるわけではないが、その平均値(平均圧力損失)に対して、好ましくは85〜115%(平均値の±15%以内)、より好ましくは92〜108%(平均値の±8%以内)である。この範囲内に設定することにより、長期間に渡り安定して目的生成物の高い収率を維持することができる。反応管間の圧力損失のバラツキが大きいと各反応管に導入される反応ガスの量が不均一となり、特に、長期間の反応の間に固体粒状物の粉化、崩壊あるいは固体粒状物の構成成分の飛散、昇華等が発生する場合、反応管間での圧力損失の変化が異なるため、結果として、目的生成物の収量が低下したり、安定した運転が困難となったりするので、好ましくない。
【0021】
固体粒状物の平均充填層長および平均圧力損失は、固定床多管式反応器の全ての反応管について固体粒状物の充填層長および圧力損失を測定することによって求めることができるが、固定床多管式反応器の全反応管数の5%に相当する数の反応管における充填層長および圧力損失を測定し、得られた平均値を代表値として使用することができる。
本発明において、固体粒状物の充填後の圧力損失は、反応管下部を開放した状態で空気、窒素等のガスを一定流量で反応管上部から導入したときの反応管上部における圧力の値である。その測定条件としては、特に限定はされないが、実際に反応に供されたときの反応管1本当たりの流量を考慮して適宜決定することができる。たとえば、プロピレンを酸化してアクリル酸を製造するための固体粒状物の充填では、圧力損失の測定に際しては、10〜100リッター/分(標準状態)の範囲から上記ガスの流量を適宜選ぶことができる。
【0022】
本発明の固定床多管式反応器においては、固体粒状物の充填層での異常発熱(ホットスポット)の抑制あるいは防止のために、活性の異なる複数種の固体粒状物が活性の異なる順で充填されていることが好適である。このような充填を行うための方法としては、特に限定はされないが、たとえば、プロピレン等を酸化する場合に用いられる活性の異なる複数種の触媒を調製する方法を例に挙げると、アルカリ金属等の量および/または種類を変える方法(特公昭63−38331号公報)、反応に不活性な物質で希釈する方法(特公昭53−30688号公報)、触媒の占有容積を変える方法(特開平4−217932号公報、同9−241209号公報)、触媒活性物質の担持率を変える方法(特開平7−10802号公報)等を挙げることができる。これらの方法は1つのみ用いてもよいし、2つ以上の方法を適宜組み合わせて用いることもできる。
【0023】
固定床多管式反応器へ固体粒状物を充填するための作業方法に関しては、公知のものを用いることができる。たとえば、実公平1−33152号公報、特公平3−9770号公報、特開平11−333282号公報等に開示されている充填機を用いることにより効率的に行うことができる。
固定床多管式反応器の反応管としては、一般に、その断面形状が円型のものが用いられるが、本発明では、反応管の内径を反応管の管径とする。この管径は、特に限定されるわけではないが、好ましくは15〜50mm、より好ましくは20〜40mm、さらに好ましくは22〜38mmである。反応管の管径が15mm未満だと、反応管数が増加するため、反応器の製造費用が高くつくので、好ましくない。また、反応管の管径が50mmを超えると、ホットスポット部での蓄熱が増加するとともに、最悪の場合、暴走反応を引き起こす等の傾向があるので、好ましくない。
【0024】
固体粒状物の粒径に関しては、たとえば、固体粒状物が球形または円柱状の場合はその直径を、リング状の場合はその外径を粒径とし、楕円の場合はその長径と短径の平均値を粒径とする。
固体粒状物の粒径(d)と反応管の管径(D)との比(d/D)は、特に限定されるわけではないが、好ましくは0.1/1〜0.5/1、より好ましくは0.12/1〜0.45/1、さらに好ましくは0.15/1〜0.40/1である。上記比が0.1/1より小さいと、逐次反応の増加により、結果として目的生成物の収量低下を招く傾向があるので、好ましくない。また、0.5/1より大きいと、固体粒状物と反応ガスとの接触効率が低下して目的生成物の収量が低下する傾向があるので、好ましくない。
【0025】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例と比較例を挙げて本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明は下記実施例に限定されない。なお、転化率および収率は、次のように定義される。
転化率(モル%)=反応した原料のモル数/供給した原料のモル数×100
収率(モル%)=生成した目的生成物のモル数/供給した原料のモル数×100
<参考例1>
(触媒の調製)
イオン交換水500Lに、硝酸コバルト378kg、硝酸ニッケル172kgおよび硝酸第二鉄95kgを溶解した。別に、硝酸ビスマス138kgを、濃硝酸25Lとイオン交換水100Lからなる硝酸水溶液に溶解した。さらに別に、加熱したイオン交換水1,500Lに、パラモリブデン酸アンモニウム500kgを添加し、攪拌しながら溶解した。得られた水溶液に、上記で別途調製した2つの水溶液を滴下混合し、次いで、硝酸カリウム2.4kgをイオン交換水50Lに溶解した水溶液を添加した。
【0026】
このようにして得られたスラリーを加熱攪拌し、蒸発乾固して乾燥させた。次いで、得られた固形物を粉砕し、得られた粉体に適量の硝酸アンモニウムと水を加え、混練りした後、外径6mm、内径2mm、長さが外径の1.1倍のリング状に成型し、空気流通下、480℃で8時間焼成して、触媒(1)600kgを得た。
この触媒(1)の金属元素組成(酸素は除く。以下同じ。)は次の通りであった。
触媒(1) Mo12Bi1.2Fe1Co5.5Ni2.50.1
また、触媒(1)の嵩密度は0.94g/cm3であった。
【0027】
<参考例2>
参考例1において、硝酸カリウム2.4kgに代え、硝酸セシウム3.2kgとし、リング状成型物の外径を8mmに変更したこと以外は参考例1と同様にして、触媒(2)を得た。
この触媒(2)の金属元素組成は次の通りであった。
触媒(2) Mo12Bi1.2Fe1 Co5.5Ni2.5 Cs0.07
また、触媒(2)の嵩密度は0.92g/cm3 であった。
<実施例1>
反応管内径25mm、長さ3000mmの反応管に触媒(1)1Lを充填時間60秒で充填した後、触媒充填層長および圧力損失を測定した。結果を表1に示した。なお、圧力損失の測定に際しては、30L/分(標準状態)の流量の空気を用いた。
【0028】
<実施例2〜5および比較例1>
実施例1において触媒(1)1Lの充填時間を各々15、30、45、90、120秒とした以外は実施例1と同様に触媒(1)を充填し、触媒充填層長および圧力損失を測定した。結果を表1に示した。
【0029】
【表1】

Figure 0004334797
【0030】
触媒(1)の場合、1L当たりの充填時間45秒以上では、ほぼ安定した充填層長および圧力損失の値を示した。
上記実施例1〜5および比較例1において触媒(1)の代わりに平均粒径8mmφのセラミックボールおよび触媒(2)を用いた以外は同様に充填時間を変えて充填したところ、セラミックボールは1L当たり30秒以上、触媒(2)は、1L当たり60秒以上でほぼ安定した充填層長および圧力損失の値を示した。
<実施例6>
反応管数15,000本(反応管径25mmφ、反応管長3,500mm)からなる固定床多管式反応器に固体粒状物を充填するに際し、反応管下部より、平均粒径8mmφセラミックボール、触媒(2)、触媒(1)の順に、これら各固体粒状物の計画充填層長をそれぞれ200mm、800mm、2200mmとした。ここで、上記セラミックボールとしては市販されているものを使用したが、その嵩密度は1.4g/cm3であった。また、触媒(1)および触媒(2)は、上記参考例1および2の手順に従って、上記固定床多管式反応器に充填するための必要量を数十回に渡って製造したが、その時に得られた触媒(1)および触媒(2)の嵩密度はそれぞれ0.94±0.05g/cm3、0.92±0.06g/cm3の範囲であった。
【0031】
上記固定床多管式反応器の反応管と内径および長さが同一である反応管1本を用いて充填テストを行った。上記セラミックボール、触媒 (2)、触媒 (1)の順にそれぞれ200mm、800mm、2200mmの長さに充填したところ、各固体粒状物の充填量はそれぞれ118g、338g、950gであった。反応管総数15,000本分の各固体粒状物の充填量を計算するに際しては、製造ロット間の嵩密度の差を考慮して、例えば、触媒(1)については、上記充填テストを行った製造ロットの嵩密度が0.94g/cm3 であり、他の1つの製造ロットの嵩密度が0.98g/cm3の場合、950g×0.98/0.94=990gを計量した。
【0032】
セラミックボール、触媒 (2)、触媒 (1)の順にそれぞれ1L当り45±5秒、75±5秒、60±5秒の充填時間で充填した後、充填層長および圧力損失を測定した結果、充填層長の分布は、平均充填層長に対して±3%、圧力損失分布は、平均圧力損失に対して±7%の範囲であった。
このようにして固体粒状物を充填した反応器に、プロピレン8容量%、酸素15容量%、水蒸気10容量%および窒素等の不活性ガス67容量%からなる混合ガスを反応温度310℃、接触時間2.4秒、反応器入口圧0.2MPa(絶対圧)で導入して、プロピレンの酸化反応を行った。反応初期および8,000時間経過したときの結果を表2に示した。
【0033】
<比較例2>
実施例6において、各固体粒状物の反応管1本当たりの質量を、各固体粒状物の嵩密度の差を考慮することなく同一にしたこと以外は実施例6と同様にして各固体粒状物を充填した。
充填層長の分布は、平均充填層長に対して±14%、圧力損失分布は、平均圧力損失に対して±21%の範囲であった。
次いで、実施例6と同様にしてプロピレンの酸化反応を行った。結果を表2に示した。
【0034】
<比較例3>
実施例6において8mmφセラミックボール、触媒(2)、触媒(1)それぞれの反応管1本当たりの容量を有する3種類の容器を作成し、各固体粒状物の充填量を容量にて反応管総数15000本分を用意した。
各固体粒状物は、実施例6の手順に従って充填し、充填層長および圧力損失を測定した結果、充填層長の分布は、平均充填層長に対して±11%、圧力損失の分布は平均圧力損失に対して±17%であった。
次いで実施例6と同様にしてプロピレンの酸化反応を行った。結果を表2に示した。
【0035】
【表2】
Figure 0004334797
【0036】
<参考例3>
(P−V系触媒の調整)
イソブチルアルコール400Lに五酸化バナジウム40kgを懸濁させ、撹拌しながら105℃に保ち、10時間還元した。別途、99質量%オルトリン酸43.5kgを100Lのイソブチルアルコールに溶解してリン酸溶液を調整した。還元したバナジウム溶液にリン酸溶液を添加し、105℃に加熱保持して10時間撹拌したところ濃青色沈殿物を生じた。反応液スラリーを放冷した後、生成した沈殿物を濾過分離し、アセトンで洗浄後、140℃で12時間乾燥した。次いで長さ5mm、直径5mmの円筒形に成型した後、空気気流化500℃で4時間焼成して触媒(3)120kgを得た。
【0037】
この触媒(3)の酸素を除く金属元素組成は次の通りであった。
触媒(3)P1.051
また触媒(3)の真密度は3.1g/cm3 、細孔容積は0.38cm3/gであり、触媒(3)の見掛け密度は1.42/cm3であった。
<実施例7>
反応管数10000本(反応管内径21mm、反応管長3000mm)からなる固定床多管式反応器にP−V系触媒を充填するに際し、計画充填層長を2500mmとした。触媒 (3) は上記参考例3の手順に従って上記固定床多管式反応器に充填するための必要量を数十回に渡って製造したが、その時に得られた触媒(3)の見掛け密度は1.42±0.09g/cm3の範囲であった。
【0038】
上記固定床多管式反応器の反応管の内径および長さが同一である反応管1本を用いてテスト充填を行った。触媒(3)を2500mmの長さに充填したところ、触媒 (3) の充填量は796gであった。
反応管総数10000本分の各固体粒状物の充填量を計量するに際しては、各製造ロット間の嵩密度の差を考慮して、例えば、触媒 (3) の上記充填テストに用いた見掛け密度が1.42g/cm3であり、他の1つのロットの見掛け密度が1.33g/cm3の場合、796g×1.33/1.42=746gを計量した。
【0039】
触媒 (3) は、触媒1L当たり75±5秒の間で各反応管に充填した後、充填層長および圧力損失を測定した結果、充填層長の分布は、平均充填層長に対して±2%、圧力損失の分布は、平均圧力損失に対して±5%の範囲であった。
このようにして触媒 (3) を充填した反応器にn−ブタン1.8容量%を含む空気混合ガスを接触時間3.6秒で供給した。この際、400℃から480℃まで1℃/分の割合で昇温し、480℃で12時間の活性化処理を行った後、n−ブタン1.8容量%を含む空気混合ガスを接触時間2秒、反応温度380℃、反応器入口圧0.18MPa(絶対圧)で導入してn−ブタンの酸化反応を行った。反応初期および4000時間経過したときの結果を表3に示した。
【0040】
<比較例4>
実施例7において触媒 (3) の反応管1本当たりに充填する質量を触媒 (3) の見掛け密度の差を考慮することなく同一にしたこと以外は実施例7と同様にして触媒 (3) を充填した。充填層長の分布は、平均充填層長に対して±12%、圧力損失の分布は、平均圧力損失に対して±17%の範囲であった。
次いで実施例7と同様にしてn−ブタンの酸化反応を行った結果を表3に示した。
【0041】
【表3】
Figure 0004334797
【0042】
【発明の効果】
本発明にかかる固定床多管式反応器によれば、各反応管に充填された固体粒状物の容量および充填時間が均一であるため、各反応管に充填された固体粒状物の量(充填層長、容積等)が均一、かつ、固体粒状物の充填による各反応管の圧力損失が均一であり、実際の反応に供された場合、各反応管に導入される反応ガスの量を均一にすることができる。したがって長期間反応を継続し、経時的に圧力損失が変化しても、固定床多管式反応器の各反応管間の圧力損失が均一に保たれ、長期間安定して目的生成物を製造することができる。
【0043】
本発明にかかる固定床多管式反応器の使用方法によれば、上記本発明の固定床多管式反応器を用いて各物質を製造するため、長期間安定して目的生成物を製造することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  The present invention, SolidFixed-bed multitubular reactorMethod of filling solid particulatesAbout.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, there are many applications related to a method for filling a fixed bed multitubular reactor with a solid particulate material such as a catalyst. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 52-3579 discloses a method for packing a catalyst into a multitubular reactor. A method of inserting linear steel from the upper end opening of each reaction tube is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-30545, in which air is supplied to the bottom of the reaction tube when a multitubular reactor is filled with a pellet-shaped catalyst. Each method of distribution is disclosed. Furthermore, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 55-67325 and 57-21928 disclose a method relating to a charging apparatus used when a catalyst is charged into a multitubular reactor.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
  According to the conventional method described above, the catalyst damage and pulverization that occur at the time of catalyst filling are suppressed, so that it is sufficiently possible to obtain a desired catalyst filling result. Further improvements are desired in manufacturing.
  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a fixed-bed multitubular reactor that can stably produce a target product for a long period of time when it is filled with a solid particulate material such as a catalyst and used for production of each substance.Method of filling solid particulatesIs to provide.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have set the solid particulate matter in each of a large number of reaction tubes of a fixed bed multitubular reactor, in particular, the setting conditions for filling the catalyst, in particular, the catalyst packed in each reaction tube. The amount and amount of intensive study and experiment were repeated. As a result, the following was found and the present invention was completed.
When a reaction gas is introduced into a multi-tube reactor packed with a catalyst and the target product is produced stably for a long period of time, it is generally used in an industrial scale using a fixed-bed multi-tube reactor. In addition, the number of reaction tubes reaches 3,000 to 30,000, and ideally, the amount of catalyst, etc., filled in each reaction tube is uniform among the reaction tubes, and the filling of the catalyst, etc. It is necessary that the pressure loss of each reaction tube is uniform between the reaction tubes. However, in the filling of industrial reactors, the amount of catalyst required for filling is several tens of tons, and it is necessary to produce a plurality of lots. When such a large amount of catalyst is produced, the obtained catalyst has some differences in each physical lot such as shape, size, density, etc. When the tube is filled, the fluctuation of the amount of catalyst filled in each reaction tube and the pressure loss of each reaction tube increases, and the amount of packed catalyst, that is, the layer length of the packed catalyst and the pressure loss are greatly adjusted. Time and effort will be spent.
[0005]
  Therefore, the solid granular material filling method for the fixed bed multitubular reactor according to the present invention is such that the diameter of the solid tube is 15 to 50 mm, and the diameter of the solid granular material to be filled is 15-50 mm. Packing obtained by a filling test in which the ratio of the diameter to the tube diameter of the reaction tube is 0.1 / 1 to 0.5 / 1 and the reaction tube has the same inner diameter and length as the reaction tube The amount and density of the solid particulates used in the filling test;Density of solid particles to be filled in each reaction tubeBased on the above, mass control is performed so that the volume of the solid particles to be filled in each reaction tube is uniform, and each reaction tube is filled with solid particles in a filling time of 30 seconds or more per liter. Features.
  According to the present invention, a fixed bed multitubular reactor (hereinafter referred to as “this”) filled with solid particles by the method of filling solid particles in the fixed bed multitubular reactor according to the present invention described above. Each substance can be produced using a “fixed-bed multitubular reactor according to the invention”.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Although it does not specifically limit as a solid granular material used by this invention, For example, a catalyst, an inert substance, etc. are mentioned.
It does not specifically limit as said catalyst, A well-known thing can be used, For example, following (1)-(10) etc. are mentioned.
(1) Catalysts containing silver as an essential component and producing ethylene oxide by oxidizing ethylene in the gas phase (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 63-116743, 62-4444, and 5-329368) No., JP-A-10-510212, JP-A-5-84440, etc.).
[0007]
(2) For producing (meth) acrolein and (meth) acrylic acid by containing molybdenum, bismuth and iron as essential components and oxidizing propylene, isobutylene, tertiary butanol and / or methyl tertiary butyl ether in the gas phase Catalysts (JP-A-50-13308, JP-A-64-56634, JP-B-56-52013, JP-B-56-23969, JP-A-59-76541, etc.).
(3) Catalysts containing molybdenum and vanadium as essential components to oxidize acrolein in the gas phase to produce acrylic acid (Japanese Patent Publication Nos. 49-11371, 52-85091, and 6- 279030, JP-A-8-299797, etc.).
[0008]
(4) Catalysts containing molybdenum and phosphorus as essential components and producing methacrylic acid by oxidizing methacrolein in the gas phase (Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-33539, Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-26101, Japanese Patent Publication No. 59 No. 12758).
(5) Catalysts containing vanadium and titanium as essential components, and oxidizing ortho-xylene and / or naphthalene in the gas phase to produce phthalic anhydride (Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-29056, Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-15176) Gazette).
(6) A catalyst for producing maleic anhydride by oxidizing molybdenum in the gas phase and containing molybdenum as an essential component (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-78, etc.).
[0009]
(7) Catalysts containing phosphorus and vanadium as essential components and producing maleic anhydride by oxidizing n-butane in the gas phase (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 10-167711, 7-51573, and No. 5-115783, JP-A-50-35088, etc.).
(8) A catalyst for producing propylene, acrolein and / or acrylic acid by oxidizing propane in the gas phase and containing molybdenum as an essential component (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 9-316023 and 10-57813; (Kaihei 10-120617).
[0010]
(9) A catalyst for producing pyromellitic anhydride by oxidation of durene in the gas phase, containing vanadium as an essential component.
(10) In addition, a solid granular catalyst used for a gas phase catalytic oxidation reaction by filling a fixed bed multitubular reactor.
In addition, the catalyst which is an example of the solid granular material used by filling the fixed bed multitubular reactor of the present invention is limited to the solid granular catalyst of the above (1) to (10) used for the gas phase catalytic oxidation reaction. For example, a solid particulate catalyst used for an ammoxidation reaction, a hydrogenation reaction, a dehydrogenation reaction, and the like is also included.
[0011]
The inert substance is used, for example, as a support for supporting a catalyst in filling a fixed bed multitubular reactor; a diluent for the catalyst; a preheating / cooling material for the reaction gas, etc. A substance that is generally inert to oxidation reactions (raw materials and target products). Specific examples thereof include, but are not limited to, silica, alumina, silica alumina, metal (stainless steel, etc.) and the like. Moreover, the shape is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a spherical shape, a ring shape, a Raschig ring, and a cylindrical shape.
Only one inert substance may be used, or two or more inert substances may be used in appropriate combination.
[0012]
The amount of solid particulates charged in each reaction tube in the present invention is, for example, by performing a filling test using a reaction tube having the same inner diameter and length of the reaction tube of a fixed bed multitubular reactor. Can be determined as appropriate.
As a method for uniformly filling each reaction tube of a fixed bed multi-tubular reactor with a catalyst, the amount of packing obtained from the above packing test and the density of the catalyst used in the above packing test (specifically, apparent density or The volume of the catalyst filled in each reaction tube of the fixed bed multitubular reactor becomes uniform in consideration of the bulk density) and the density of each catalyst group (production lot) composed of a plurality of catalyst production units. Thus, the labor for adjusting the packed bed length of the catalyst and the pressure loss is greatly reduced.
[0013]
In the present invention, the apparent density and bulk density of a solid particulate material typified by a catalyst can be determined by the following method.
The bulk density can be obtained from the mass of a solid particle shape filled in a container having a known internal volume and the capacity of the container.
In the present invention, a solid granular material is filled into a cylinder having an inner diameter of 40 cm and a height of 40 cm, and the container is dropped three times from a height of 5 cm on a rubber cushion material, and a new space is formed in the upper part of the container. After the catalyst was charged in the same manner, it was dropped in the same manner and the same operation was repeated until no space was formed in the upper part of the container, and then the mass of the catalyst charged in the container was measured. When the mass of the catalyst at this time is X (g), the bulk density (g / cmThree ) Is X / (202X Circumference ratio x 40)
[0014]
The method for measuring the apparent density of the solid granular material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the following two methods.
(1) Keep the temperature (T (° C.)) constant at atmospheric pressure, fill the specific gravity bottle with the precisely weighed solid granules (mass: w (g)), and add mercury up to the marked line of the specific gravity bottle. After the injection, the mass of mercury (W (g)) is measured. On the other hand, the mass (W ′ (g)) of mercury when mercury is similarly injected without filling the specific gravity bottle with the solid particulate matter is measured. Further, the volume of the filled solid particulate matter is expressed as v (cmThree). And the method of calculating | requiring the apparent density of a solid granular material according to a following formula.
[0015]
Apparent density of solid particles = w / v
Here, v = (W′−W) / d (d: density of mercury at temperature T (° C.)).
(2) True density of solid particulate matter (g / cmThree) And pore volume (cmThree / G) from the following formula.
Apparent density = 1 / ((1 / true density) + pore volume)
The true density is measured by an equilibrium pressure comparison method of helium using an auto pycnometer 1320 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation.
The pore volume per 1 g of the solid particulate matter is measured by mercury porosimetry using Autopore III 9420 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation.
[0016]
In the present invention, as described above, the necessary amount of solid particulate matter to be filled in each reaction tube is set in consideration of its density. In other words, taking into account the difference in apparent density or bulk density of each production lot, mass control is performed so that the volume of the solid particles to be filled in each reaction tube is uniform, and the solid particles are The filling time when filling the reaction tube is not particularly limited, but it should be controlled by the shape and size of the solid particles and the relationship between the size of the solid particles and the diameter of the reaction tube, specifically, The pressure loss generated when filling solid particulate matter is to adopt a range of 30 seconds or more, preferably 30 to 120 seconds per liter of solid particulate matter (hereinafter “Litter” is denoted as “L”). And non-uniformity of the packed bed length of the solid particulate matter can be prevented.
[0017]
If the solid granular material is pulverized or disintegrated during the long-term reaction, or the components of the solid granular material are scattered or sublimated, the pressure loss may change over time. In multi-tubular reactors, the pressure loss due to the packed solid particles is uniform between the reaction tubes, so even if a long-term reaction is performed, non-uniformity is caused by changes in the pressure loss between the reaction tubes. Can be prevented.
The fixed bed multitubular reactor according to the present invention has a pressure loss between the fixed bed multitubular reactors that may occur during the filling of the solid particulate matter, even when a plurality of them are arranged in parallel. Unevenness can be controlled or prevented.
[0018]
In the fixed bed multitubular reactor according to the present invention, the volume and pressure loss of the solid particulate matter filled in each reaction tube can be made uniform. Therefore, when introducing the reaction gas into the reactor, The amount of reaction gas introduced into the tube can be made uniform.
When the filling time per liter of the solid particulate matter is less than 30 seconds, a bridge (a space portion not filled with the solid particulate matter) or the like is generated, resulting in non-uniformity of the packed bed length of the solid particulate matter and the purpose generation. It tends to lead to a decrease in the yield of goods. On the other hand, when the filling time per 1 L of the solid particulate matter is longer than 120 seconds, a lot of work time is required for filling the solid particulate matter.
[0019]
In the fixed bed multitubular reactor according to the present invention, the solid granular material is filled with the packed bed length of the solid granular material in each reaction tube and the pressure loss of each reaction tube due to the solid granular material filling over the entire reaction tube. It is preferable that the setting is made uniform. In practice on an actual industrial scale, their preferred ranges are, for example:
In a fixed bed multitubular reactor, in order to make the volume of the solid particles filled in each reaction tube uniform, the packed bed length of the solid particles in each reaction tube is an average value (average packed bed length). ) Is preferably 90 to 110% (within ± 10% of the average value), more preferably 95 to 105% (within ± 5% of the average value). In particular, in reactions involving heat generation, an abnormal heat generation part (hot spot part) is formed in the packed bed of solid particulate matter, but if the packed bed length varies greatly between reaction tubes, the position of the hot spot part is between the reaction tubes. Therefore, stable operation becomes difficult.
[0020]
The pressure loss due to filling of the solid particles in each reaction tube is not particularly limited, but is preferably 85 to 115% (within ± 15% of the average value) with respect to the average value (average pressure loss). More preferably, it is 92 to 108% (within ± 8% of the average value). By setting within this range, a high yield of the target product can be maintained stably over a long period of time. If there is a large variation in pressure loss between reaction tubes, the amount of reaction gas introduced into each reaction tube becomes non-uniform. When scattering of components, sublimation, etc. occurs, the change in pressure loss between reaction tubes is different, resulting in a decrease in the yield of the target product or difficulty in stable operation, which is not preferable. .
[0021]
The average packed bed length and average pressure drop of solid particulates can be determined by measuring the packed bed length and pressure loss of solid granules for all reaction tubes of a fixed bed multitubular reactor. The packed bed length and pressure loss in the number of reaction tubes corresponding to 5% of the total number of reaction tubes of the multi-tube reactor can be measured, and the average value obtained can be used as a representative value.
In the present invention, the pressure loss after filling the solid particulate matter is a pressure value at the upper part of the reaction tube when a gas such as air or nitrogen is introduced at a constant flow rate from the upper part of the reaction tube with the lower part of the reaction tube being opened. . The measurement conditions are not particularly limited, but can be appropriately determined in consideration of the flow rate per reaction tube when the reaction is actually performed. For example, in the filling of solid particulate matter for producing acrylic acid by oxidizing propylene, the flow rate of the gas can be appropriately selected from the range of 10 to 100 liters / minute (standard state) when measuring pressure loss. it can.
[0022]
In the fixed bed multitubular reactor of the present invention, in order to suppress or prevent abnormal heat generation (hot spots) in the packed bed of solid particles, a plurality of types of solid particles having different activities are ordered in the order of different activities. It is preferable that it is filled. A method for performing such filling is not particularly limited. For example, a method for preparing a plurality of types of catalysts having different activities used when oxidizing propylene or the like is used. A method of changing the amount and / or type (Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-38331), a method of diluting with a substance inert to the reaction (Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-30688), a method of changing the occupied volume of the catalyst (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 4-38 217932 and 9-241209), a method of changing the loading ratio of the catalytically active substance (JP-A-7-10802), and the like. Only one of these methods may be used, or two or more methods may be used in appropriate combination.
[0023]
As the working method for filling the fixed-bed multitubular reactor with the solid particulate matter, a known method can be used. For example, it can be carried out efficiently by using a filling machine disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 1-333152, Japanese Patent Publication No.3-9770, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-333282, and the like.
As a reaction tube of a fixed-bed multitubular reactor, a tube having a circular cross section is generally used. In the present invention, the inner diameter of the reaction tube is the tube diameter of the reaction tube. Although this pipe diameter is not necessarily limited, Preferably it is 15-50 mm, More preferably, it is 20-40 mm, More preferably, it is 22-38 mm. If the tube diameter of the reaction tube is less than 15 mm, the number of reaction tubes increases, and the manufacturing cost of the reactor is high, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if the diameter of the reaction tube exceeds 50 mm, heat storage in the hot spot portion increases, and in the worst case, a runaway reaction tends to occur.
[0024]
Regarding the particle size of the solid granular material, for example, if the solid granular material is spherical or cylindrical, the diameter is the particle size, if it is ring-shaped, the outer diameter is the particle size, and if it is an ellipse, the average of the major axis and the minor axis The value is the particle size.
The ratio (d / D) between the particle size (d) of the solid particulate matter and the tube diameter (D) of the reaction tube is not particularly limited, but preferably 0.1 / 1 to 0.5 / 1. More preferably, it is 0.12 / 1-0.45 / 1, More preferably, it is 0.15 / 1-0.40 / 1. If the above ratio is less than 0.1 / 1, an increase in the sequential reaction tends to result in a decrease in the yield of the target product, which is not preferable. On the other hand, when the ratio is larger than 0.5 / 1, the contact efficiency between the solid particulate matter and the reaction gas tends to be lowered, and the yield of the target product tends to be lowered.
[0025]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples and comparative examples of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. The conversion rate and yield are defined as follows.
Conversion (mol%) = number of moles of reacted raw material / number of moles of supplied raw material × 100
Yield (mol%) = number of moles of target product produced / number of moles of raw material supplied × 100
<Reference Example 1>
(Preparation of catalyst)
In 500 L of ion exchange water, 378 kg of cobalt nitrate, 172 kg of nickel nitrate and 95 kg of ferric nitrate were dissolved. Separately, 138 kg of bismuth nitrate was dissolved in an aqueous nitric acid solution consisting of 25 L of concentrated nitric acid and 100 L of ion-exchanged water. Separately, 500 kg of ammonium paramolybdate was added to 1,500 L of heated ion-exchanged water and dissolved while stirring. To the obtained aqueous solution, the two aqueous solutions separately prepared above were dropped and mixed, and then an aqueous solution in which 2.4 kg of potassium nitrate was dissolved in 50 L of ion-exchanged water was added.
[0026]
The slurry thus obtained was heated and stirred, evaporated to dryness and dried. Next, the obtained solid is pulverized, and after adding an appropriate amount of ammonium nitrate and water to the obtained powder and kneading, it is a ring shape having an outer diameter of 6 mm, an inner diameter of 2 mm, and a length 1.1 times the outer diameter. And calcined at 480 ° C. for 8 hours under air flow to obtain 600 kg of catalyst (1).
The metal element composition (excluding oxygen; the same applies hereinafter) of the catalyst (1) was as follows.
Catalyst (1) Mo12Bi1.2Fe1Co5.5Ni2.5K0.1
The bulk density of the catalyst (1) is 0.94 g / cm.ThreeMet.
[0027]
<Reference Example 2>
In Reference Example 1, catalyst (2) was obtained in the same manner as in Reference Example 1 except that instead of 2.4 kg of potassium nitrate, 3.2 kg of cesium nitrate was used and the outer diameter of the ring-shaped molded product was changed to 8 mm.
The metal element composition of the catalyst (2) was as follows.
Catalyst (2) Mo12Bi1.2Fe1 Co5.5Ni2.5 Cs0.07
The bulk density of the catalyst (2) is 0.92 g / cm.Three Met.
<Example 1>
A reaction tube having an inner diameter of 25 mm and a length of 3000 mm was filled with 1 L of catalyst (1) in a filling time of 60 seconds, and then the catalyst packed bed length and pressure loss were measured. The results are shown in Table 1. In measuring the pressure loss, air having a flow rate of 30 L / min (standard state) was used.
[0028]
<Examples 2 to 5 and Comparative Example 1>
The catalyst (1) was charged in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the charging time of 1 L of the catalyst (1) in Example 1 was set to 15, 30, 45, 90 and 120 seconds, respectively. It was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0029]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004334797
[0030]
In the case of the catalyst (1), when the filling time per 1 L was 45 seconds or more, almost stable packed bed length and pressure loss values were shown.
In the above Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example 1, except that the ceramic balls having an average particle diameter of 8 mmφ and the catalyst (2) were used instead of the catalyst (1), the filling time was changed in the same manner. More than 30 seconds per hour, the catalyst (2) showed almost stable packed bed length and pressure loss values at 60 seconds or more per liter.
<Example 6>
When a solid bed is filled into a fixed bed multitubular reactor having 15,000 reaction tubes (reaction tube diameter 25 mmφ, reaction tube length 3,500 mm), an average particle diameter of 8 mmφ ceramic balls, catalyst, In the order of (2) and catalyst (1), the planned packed bed lengths of these solid particles were 200 mm, 800 mm, and 2200 mm, respectively. Here, a commercially available ceramic ball was used, but its bulk density was 1.4 g / cm.ThreeMet. In addition, the catalyst (1) and the catalyst (2) were produced several tens of times in order to fill the fixed bed multitubular reactor according to the procedures of Reference Examples 1 and 2, The bulk densities of catalyst (1) and catalyst (2) obtained in the above were 0.94 ± 0.05 g / cmThree0.92 ± 0.06 g / cmThreeRange.
[0031]
A packing test was conducted using one reaction tube having the same inner diameter and length as the reaction tube of the fixed bed multitubular reactor. When the ceramic balls, catalyst (2), and catalyst (1) were filled in the order of 200 mm, 800 mm, and 2200 mm, respectively, the amount of each solid particulate matter was 118 g, 338 g, and 950 g, respectively. When calculating the filling amount of each solid particulate matter for the total number of reaction tubes of 15,000, for example, the above filling test was performed for the catalyst (1) in consideration of the difference in bulk density between production lots. The bulk density of the production lot is 0.94 g / cmThree And the bulk density of the other production lot is 0.98 g / cmThreeIn this case, 950 g × 0.98 / 0.94 = 990 g was weighed.
[0032]
After filling with ceramic balls, catalyst (2), catalyst (1) in order of 45 ± 5 seconds, 75 ± 5 seconds, 60 ± 5 seconds per liter, respectively, the result of measuring the packed bed length and pressure loss, The distribution of the packed bed length was ± 3% with respect to the average packed bed length, and the pressure loss distribution was within ± 7% with respect to the average pressure loss.
In the reactor filled with the solid particulate matter in this manner, a mixed gas composed of 8% by volume of propylene, 15% by volume of oxygen, 10% by volume of water vapor and 67% by volume of inert gas such as nitrogen was reacted at a reaction temperature of 310 ° C. and a contact time. Introduced at a reactor inlet pressure of 0.2 MPa (absolute pressure) for 2.4 seconds, propylene was oxidized. The results at the beginning of the reaction and when 8,000 hours had elapsed are shown in Table 2.
[0033]
<Comparative Example 2>
In Example 6, each solid granular material was the same as Example 6 except that the mass per reaction tube of each solid granular material was made the same without considering the difference in bulk density of each solid granular material. Filled.
The distribution of the packed bed length was ± 14% with respect to the average packed bed length, and the pressure loss distribution was in the range of ± 21% with respect to the average pressure loss.
Subsequently, the oxidation reaction of propylene was performed in the same manner as in Example 6. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0034]
<Comparative Example 3>
In Example 6, three types of containers each having a capacity of 8 mmφ ceramic balls, catalyst (2), and catalyst (1) for each reaction tube were prepared, and the total number of reaction tubes was filled with the capacity of each solid particulate matter. 15,000 bottles were prepared.
Each solid granular material was filled in accordance with the procedure of Example 6, and the packed bed length and pressure loss were measured. As a result, the packed bed length distribution was ± 11% of the average packed bed length, and the pressure loss distribution was average ± 17% relative to pressure loss.
Subsequently, the oxidation reaction of propylene was performed in the same manner as in Example 6. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0035]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004334797
[0036]
<Reference Example 3>
(Adjustment of PV catalyst)
40 kg of vanadium pentoxide was suspended in 400 L of isobutyl alcohol, kept at 105 ° C. with stirring, and reduced for 10 hours. Separately, 43.5 kg of 99 mass% orthophosphoric acid was dissolved in 100 L of isobutyl alcohol to prepare a phosphoric acid solution. A phosphoric acid solution was added to the reduced vanadium solution, and the mixture was heated and held at 105 ° C. and stirred for 10 hours to produce a dark blue precipitate. After allowing the reaction solution slurry to cool, the produced precipitate was separated by filtration, washed with acetone, and dried at 140 ° C. for 12 hours. Next, after forming into a cylindrical shape having a length of 5 mm and a diameter of 5 mm, it was calcined at 500 ° C. for 4 hours to obtain 120 kg of catalyst (3).
[0037]
The metal element composition excluding oxygen of the catalyst (3) was as follows.
Catalyst (3) P1.05V1
The true density of the catalyst (3) is 3.1 g / cm.Three The pore volume is 0.38cmThree/ G, and the apparent density of the catalyst (3) is 1.42 / cm.ThreeMet.
<Example 7>
When packing a PV catalyst in a fixed bed multitubular reactor having 10,000 reaction tubes (reaction tube inner diameter 21 mm, reaction tube length 3000 mm), the planned packed bed length was 2500 mm. The catalyst (3) was produced several tens of times to fill the fixed bed multitubular reactor according to the procedure of Reference Example 3, and the apparent density of the catalyst (3) obtained at that time was Is 1.42 ± 0.09 g / cmThreeRange.
[0038]
Test filling was performed using one reaction tube having the same inner diameter and length of the reaction tube of the fixed bed multitubular reactor. When the catalyst (3) was packed to a length of 2500 mm, the packed amount of the catalyst (3) was 796 g.
When weighing the packing amount of each solid particulate matter for a total of 10,000 reaction tubes, the apparent density used in the above packing test of the catalyst (3) is taken into account, for example, taking into account the difference in bulk density between each production lot. 1.42 g / cmThreeThe apparent density of the other lot is 1.33 g / cmThreeIn this case, 796 g × 1.33 / 1.42 = 746 g was weighed.
[0039]
The catalyst (3) was packed in each reaction tube within 75 ± 5 seconds per liter of catalyst, and the packed bed length and pressure loss were measured. As a result, the distribution of the packed bed length was ±± The distribution of 2% pressure loss was within ± 5% of the average pressure loss.
In this way, an air mixed gas containing 1.8% by volume of n-butane was supplied to the reactor charged with the catalyst (3) at a contact time of 3.6 seconds. At this time, the temperature was increased from 400 ° C. to 480 ° C. at a rate of 1 ° C./min, and after 12 hours of activation treatment at 480 ° C., an air mixed gas containing 1.8% by volume of n-butane was contacted with the contact time. The reaction was carried out for 2 seconds at a reaction temperature of 380 ° C. and a reactor inlet pressure of 0.18 MPa (absolute pressure) to oxidize n-butane. The results at the beginning of the reaction and after 4000 hours are shown in Table 3.
[0040]
<Comparative example 4>
In Example 7, the catalyst (3) was charged in the same manner as in Example 7, except that the mass charged per reaction tube of the catalyst (3) was the same without considering the difference in apparent density of the catalyst (3). Filled. The distribution of the packed bed length was ± 12% with respect to the average packed bed length, and the distribution of pressure loss was ± 17% with respect to the average pressure loss.
Next, the results of oxidation reaction of n-butane in the same manner as in Example 7 are shown in Table 3.
[0041]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004334797
[0042]
【The invention's effect】
According to the fixed bed multitubular reactor according to the present invention, since the volume and filling time of the solid particulate matter filled in each reaction tube are uniform, the amount of solid particulate matter filled in each reaction tube (filling) The layer length, volume, etc.) are uniform, and the pressure loss of each reaction tube is uniform due to the filling of solid particulate matter. When used in the actual reaction, the amount of reaction gas introduced into each reaction tube is uniform. Can be. Therefore, the reaction continues for a long time, and even if the pressure loss changes over time, the pressure loss between the reaction tubes of the fixed bed multitubular reactor is kept uniform, and the target product is produced stably for a long time. can do.
[0043]
According to the method of using the fixed bed multitubular reactor according to the present invention, since each substance is manufactured using the above fixed bed multitubular reactor of the present invention, the target product is stably manufactured for a long period of time. be able to.

Claims (5)

固定床多管式反応器への固体粒状物の充填方法であって、前記固定床多管式反応器の反応管の管径を15〜50mm、充填される固体粒状物の粒径と前記反応管の管径との比を0.1/1〜0.5/1とし、かつ、前記反応管と同じ内径と長さを有する反応管を用いて行う充填テストで得られる充填量と、前記充填テストに用いる固体粒状物の密度と、各反応管に充填されるべき固体粒状物の密度とに基づき、各反応管に充填されるべき固体粒状物の容積が均一になるように質量管理するとともに、1リッター当たり30秒以上の充填時間で各反応管に固体粒状物を充填することを特徴とする、固定床多管式反応器への固体粒状物の充填方法。A method for filling solid particles in a fixed bed multitubular reactor, wherein the diameter of the reaction tube of the fixed bed multitubular reactor is 15 to 50 mm, the particle size of the solid particles to be filled and the reaction The ratio of the tube diameter to 0.1 / 1 to 0.5 / 1, and the filling amount obtained by a filling test performed using a reaction tube having the same inner diameter and length as the reaction tube, Based on the density of the solid particles used for the filling test and the density of the solid particles to be filled in each reaction tube, mass control is performed so that the volume of the solid particles to be filled in each reaction tube is uniform. In addition, a solid particulate matter filling method for a fixed bed multitubular reactor is characterized by filling each reaction tube with solid particulate matter at a filling time of 30 seconds or more per liter. 前記固体粒状物の充填が、前記多数の反応管の各々における固体粒状物の充填による圧力損失が平均圧力損失の85〜115%になるような設定でなされている、請求項1に記載の固定床多管式反応器への固体粒状物の充填方法。  2. The fixing according to claim 1, wherein the filling of the solid particulates is performed at a setting such that a pressure loss due to filling of the solid particulates in each of the multiple reaction tubes is 85 to 115% of an average pressure loss. A method of filling solid particulate matter into a bed multitubular reactor. 前記固体粒状物の充填が、前記多数の反応管の各々における固体粒状物の充填層長が平均充填層長の90〜110%になるような設定でなされている、請求項1または2に記載の固定床多管式反応器への固体粒状物の充填方法。  The packing of the solid particulate matter is performed in a setting such that the packed bed length of the solid particulate matter in each of the multiple reaction tubes is 90 to 110% of the average packed bed length. Of filling solid particulates in a fixed bed multitubular reactor. 前記固体粒状物が、下記(1)〜(9)の触媒からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種である、請求項1から3までのいずれかに記載の固定床多管式反応器への固体粒状物の充填方法。
(1)銀を必須成分として含み、エチレンを気相で酸化して酸化エチレンを製造するための触媒。
(2)モリブデン、ビスマスおよび鉄を必須成分として含み、プロピレン、イソブチレン、ターシャリーブタノールおよび/またはメチルターシャリーブチルエーテルを気相で酸化して(メタ)アクロレインおよび(メタ)アクリル酸を製造するための触媒。
(3)モリブデンおよびバナジウムを必須成分として含み、アクロレインを気相で酸化してアクリル酸を製造するための触媒。
(4)モリブデンおよびリンを必須成分として含み、メタクロレインを気相で酸化してメタクリル酸を製造するための触媒。
(5)バナジウムおよびチタンを必須成分として含み、オルト−キシレンおよび/またはナフタレンを気相で酸化して無水フタル酸を製造するための触媒。
(6)モリブデンを必須成分として含み、ベンゼンを気相で酸化して無水マレイン酸を製造するための触媒。
(7)リンおよびバナジウムを必須成分として含み、n−ブタンを気相で酸化して無水マレイン酸を製造するための触媒。
(8)モリブデンを必須成分として含み、プロパンを気相で酸化してプロピレン、アクロレインおよび/またはアクリル酸を製造するための触媒。
(9)バナジウムを必須成分として含み、デュレンを気相で酸化して無水ピロメリット酸を製造するための触媒。
The fixed particulate multitubular reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the solid particulate matter is at least one selected from the group consisting of the following catalysts (1) to (9). Filling method of solid particulate matter.
(1) A catalyst for producing ethylene oxide by containing silver as an essential component and oxidizing ethylene in a gas phase.
(2) For producing (meth) acrolein and (meth) acrylic acid by containing molybdenum, bismuth and iron as essential components and oxidizing propylene, isobutylene, tertiary butanol and / or methyl tertiary butyl ether in the gas phase catalyst.
(3) A catalyst for producing acrylic acid by oxidizing acrolein in the gas phase, containing molybdenum and vanadium as essential components.
(4) A catalyst for producing methacrylic acid by oxidizing molybdenum in the gas phase and containing molybdenum and phosphorus as essential components.
(5) A catalyst for producing phthalic anhydride by containing ortho-xylene and / or naphthalene in the gas phase, containing vanadium and titanium as essential components.
(6) A catalyst for producing maleic anhydride by oxidizing benzene in the gas phase, containing molybdenum as an essential component.
(7) A catalyst for producing maleic anhydride by containing phosphorus and vanadium as essential components and oxidizing n-butane in the gas phase.
(8) A catalyst for producing propylene, acrolein and / or acrylic acid by oxidizing molybdenum in the gas phase and containing molybdenum as an essential component.
(9) A catalyst for producing pyromellitic anhydride by oxidation of durene in the gas phase, containing vanadium as an essential component.
請求項4に記載の固定床多管式反応器への固体粒状物の充填方法により固体粒状物が充填された固定床多管式反応器を用いて各物質を製造する方法。  The method of manufacturing each substance using the fixed bed multitubular reactor with which the solid granular material was filled with the solid granular material filling method to the fixed bed multitubular reactor of Claim 4.
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WO2003057653A1 (en) 2001-12-28 2003-07-17 Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Method for vapor phase catalytic oxidation
JP2005320315A (en) * 2003-10-22 2005-11-17 Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd Catalytic gas phase oxidation reaction
WO2005051532A1 (en) * 2003-11-28 2005-06-09 Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. Method for packing catalyst and multi-tubular heat exchanger type reactor
JP2006142297A (en) * 2005-11-18 2006-06-08 Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd Catalyst filling method and catalyst filling machine
JP5326218B2 (en) * 2007-03-29 2013-10-30 住友化学株式会社 Catalyst filling method
JP2009262137A (en) * 2008-03-31 2009-11-12 Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp Method of manufacturing reaction product using plate type reactor
EP2295136A4 (en) 2008-06-30 2011-12-28 Nippon Catalytic Chem Ind Method of packing solid particulate substance into fixed-bed multitubular reactor
JP5101428B2 (en) * 2008-08-05 2012-12-19 株式会社日本触媒 Method for packing catalyst for producing ethylene oxide, reactor for producing ethylene oxide, and method for producing ethylene oxide
JP2011102249A (en) * 2009-11-10 2011-05-26 Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd Method of producing acrylic acid
JP2011121048A (en) * 2009-12-09 2011-06-23 Rohm & Haas Co Method for blending and loading solid catalyst material into tubular structure
JP5570277B2 (en) 2010-03-31 2014-08-13 株式会社日本触媒 Catalyst for producing ethylene oxide and method for producing ethylene oxide
DE102019127788A1 (en) * 2019-10-15 2021-04-15 Clariant International Ltd. New reactor system for the production of maleic anhydride by catalytic oxidation of n-butane
JP7287312B2 (en) * 2020-02-26 2023-06-06 三菱ケミカル株式会社 Method for filling granular material into multitubular reactor
JP7345072B2 (en) * 2021-09-27 2023-09-14 日本化薬株式会社 Methods to support the operation of shell-and-tube reactors or their preparatory actions

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