JP4337534B2 - Granular composite fertilizer composition and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Granular composite fertilizer composition and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、水稲側条施肥田植機用として好適な粒状複合肥料組成物およびその製造方法に関するものである。 TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a granular composite fertilizer composition suitable for use in a rice paddy field fertilizer planting machine and a method for producing the same.
粒状複合肥料は一般に燐鉱石を鉱酸で酸分解して得られる湿式燐酸液と、硫酸液、硝酸液等とをアンモニアで中和して得られるスラリー状生成物と、硫安、硝安、尿素、塩化加里等の原料用固体肥料物質を転動造粒機を使用する等の公知の方法により混合造粒することによって取得されている。また、湿式燐酸液、硫酸液、硝酸液等と原料用固体肥料物質とを造粒機に供給してアンモニアで中和造粒する方法も知られている。そして、造粒生成物は乾燥、冷却された後、篩別され粒状製品となる。残りの生成物はいわゆる循環品として造粒機に循環供給されている。 The granular composite fertilizer is generally a wet phosphoric acid solution obtained by acid decomposition of phosphate ore with mineral acid, a slurry product obtained by neutralizing sulfuric acid solution, nitric acid solution, etc. with ammonia, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, urea, It is obtained by mixing and granulating a raw material fertilizer material such as chlorinated potassium by a known method such as using a rolling granulator. Also known is a method in which wet phosphoric acid solution, sulfuric acid solution, nitric acid solution and the like and solid fertilizer material for raw material are supplied to a granulator and neutralized and granulated with ammonia. The granulated product is dried and cooled, and then sieved to obtain a granular product. The remaining product is circulated and supplied to the granulator as a so-called circulated product.
しかしながら、このようにして得られた粒状複合肥料は付着し易く、特に水稲側条施肥田植機用としては大きな品質上の問題点を有している。
水稲側条施肥田植機用として好適な粒状複合肥料としては、（１）粒径の大部分が約２〜４mmであること、（２）粒径２〜２．８mmのものの平均圧壊強度が約２kgf／cm2以上であること、（３）吸水量が大きいこと等が必要であるが、前記従来の方法で得られた粒状複合肥料は上記の（１）、（２）の項目は満足するものの、（３）の項目、すなわち吸水量は十分でない。
However, the granular composite fertilizer obtained in this way is easy to adhere, and has a great quality problem especially for the rice side fertilizer application.
As the granular composite fertilizer suitable for paddy rice side fertilizer field transplanting machine, (1) the majority of the particle size is about 2 to 4 mm, and (2) the average crushing strength of the particle size of 2 to 2.8 mm is about It is necessary to be 2 kgf / cm 2 or more, (3) a large amount of water absorption, etc., but the granular composite fertilizer obtained by the conventional method satisfies the items (1) and (2) above. However, item (3), that is, the amount of water absorption is not sufficient.
吸水量が小さいと、粒子表面の濡れが速く、付着が起こり易くなり、このため色々なところに付着して、肥料が適正に施用されず生育不良を起こすことである。
特に、水稲側条施肥用田植機（水稲稚苗の条植と同時に、条植と一定の間隔に、一定の土の深さに肥料をパイプを通して条施する機械）を用いた田植えにおいては、この条施する肥料の送り出しパイプの出口部において肥料が水と直接接触するため、吸水量が小さいと、粒子表面の濡れが速く、このため濡れによるパイプへの付着が起こり易くなり、このためしばしばこのパイプ出口部で肥料詰りを発生して、肥料が施用されず生育不良を起こす。
When the amount of water absorption is small, the particle surface wets quickly and adhesion is likely to occur. For this reason, it adheres to various places, and the fertilizer is not applied properly, resulting in poor growth.
In particular, in rice planting using paddy rice side fertilizer rice transplanter (a machine to fertilize fertilizer through pipes at a certain interval and at the same time as the rowing of paddy rice seedlings) The fertilizer is in direct contact with water at the outlet of the fertilizer delivery pipe to be applied, so if the amount of water absorption is small, the surface of the particle is wetted quickly, and this tends to cause adhesion to the pipe due to wetting. Fertilizer clogging occurs at this pipe outlet, and fertilizer is not applied, causing poor growth.
被覆処理した粒状肥料組成物として、粒状肥料表面に鉱産物粉末と燐酸液を被覆処理したものが知られている（特許文献１参照。）。この粒状肥料の製造に使用される燐酸液は燐鉱石を鉱酸で酸分解して得られる湿式燐酸液であり、被覆処理した粒状肥料組成物の吸水量は十分なものではない。
本発明の目的は、吸水量が大きい粒状複合肥料を提供することにある。 An object of the present invention is to provide a granular composite fertilizer having a large water absorption.
かかる事情下に鑑み、本発明者は吸水量が大きい粒状複合肥料について鋭意検討した結果、乾式燐酸液を使用して得られる粒状複合肥料に、乾式燐酸液を被覆処理することによって吸水量が大きい粒状複合肥料組成物が得られることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
すなわち、燐酸源として乾式燐酸液を使用して得られる粒状複合肥料に、乾式燐酸液を被覆処理してなる粒状複合肥料組成物である。
また、この粒状複合肥料組成物を水稲側条施肥田植機用とするものである。
In view of such circumstances, the present inventor has intensively studied a granular composite fertilizer having a large water absorption, and as a result, the granular composite fertilizer obtained by using the dry phosphoric acid solution has a large water absorption by coating with the dry phosphoric acid solution. The inventors have found that a granular composite fertilizer composition can be obtained and have completed the present invention.
That is, a granular composite fertilizer composition obtained by coating a dry composite phosphoric acid solution on a granular composite fertilizer obtained by using a dry phosphoric acid solution as a phosphoric acid source.
Moreover, this granular composite fertilizer composition is used for a rice paddy field fertilizer planting machine.
本発明の粒状複合肥料は吸水量が大きい。このことによって付着が起こり難く、肥料が適正に施用される。特に、水稲側条施肥用田植機を使用した田植において、条施する肥料の送り出しパイプ出口の肥料と水が直接接触する部分での肥料の付着が殆ど見られず、このため肥料詰りを発生することがなく、その結果、肥料が適正に施用されて生育不良を起こすことがなくなる。 The granular composite fertilizer of the present invention has a large water absorption. This makes it difficult for adhesion to occur and the fertilizer is applied properly. In particular, in rice planting using paddy rice-side fertilizer rice transplanters, fertilizer at the outlet of the fertilizer to be fed is hardly attached at the part where the fertilizer is in direct contact with water, and this causes fertilizer clogging. As a result, the fertilizer is not applied properly and does not cause poor growth.
以下、本発明を更に詳細に述べる。
本発明の処理対象となる粒状複合肥料はアンモニア、尿素、硫安、塩安、ウレアホルム等の窒素質、乾式燐酸の燐酸質、塩化加里、硫酸加里等の加里質の肥料原料物質の組み合わせによって得られる窒素−燐酸−加里の３成分系、あるいはこれらにマグネシウム、硼素、マンガン等植物の生育に必要な成分を含有させた粒状複合肥料である。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
The granular composite fertilizer to be treated according to the present invention is obtained by a combination of nitrogenous substances such as ammonia, urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ureaform, and other raw materials for fertilizers such as phosphoric acid of dry phosphoric acid, potassium chloride, and potassium sulfate. This is a granular composite fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium, or a component necessary for the growth of plants such as magnesium, boron and manganese.
本発明においては、燐酸源として黄燐を燃焼して生成する無水燐酸を水に溶解して得られる乾式燐酸液を用いて粒状複合肥料を製造する。
本発明で使用する乾式燐酸液は純粋である必要はなく、通常、工業用として市販されているもので充分である。
In the present invention, a granular composite fertilizer is produced using a dry phosphoric acid solution obtained by dissolving phosphoric anhydride generated by burning yellow phosphorus as a phosphoric acid source in water.
The dry phosphoric acid solution used in the present invention does not need to be pure, and is usually commercially available for industrial use.
この粒状複合肥料は上記の肥料原料物質および成分を皿型造粒機等を使用して混合、造粒し、乾燥、篩別して得られる。 This granular composite fertilizer is obtained by mixing, granulating, drying and sieving the above fertilizer raw materials and ingredients using a dish granulator or the like.
このようにして得られる粒状複合肥料に乾式燐酸液を被覆処理する。その被覆量は、通常、粒状複合肥料に対しＨ３ＰＯ４として約０．１〜１．２重量％、好ましくは約０．２〜０．８重量％である。被覆量が少ない場合は吸水量への効果が低く、他方、該範囲を超えて被覆してもそれに見合う効果は得られず、経済的に不利となる。 The granular composite fertilizer thus obtained is coated with a dry phosphoric acid solution. The coating amount is usually about 0.1 to 1.2% by weight, preferably about 0.2 to 0.8% by weight as H 3 PO 4 with respect to the granular composite fertilizer. When the coating amount is small, the effect on the water absorption amount is low. On the other hand, even if the coating exceeds the range, an effect commensurate with it cannot be obtained, which is economically disadvantageous.
粒状複合肥料に対する乾式燐酸液の被覆処理方法としては特に制限されるものではなく、当該分野で公知の方法が適用し得る。一般的には、回転円筒や回転皿等の装置に粒状複合肥料を供給し転動させながら、これに乾式燐酸液をスプレー等の添加装置を使用して被覆処理する方法が挙げられる。 The method for coating the granular composite fertilizer with the dry phosphoric acid solution is not particularly limited, and methods known in the art can be applied. In general, there is a method in which a granular composite fertilizer is supplied and rolled to an apparatus such as a rotating cylinder or a rotating dish, and a dry phosphoric acid solution is coated on the apparatus using an adding apparatus such as a spray.
乾式燐酸液を使用して得られる粒状複合肥料に、乾式燐酸液を被覆処理することによって得られる本発明の粒状複合肥料組成物が吸水量が大きい理由は明らかではないが、次のように推察される。
粒状複合肥料を製造する方法において、造粒を湿式燐酸液のアンモニア化の中和反応を利用して行う場合には、湿式燐酸液中の不純物の鉄、アルミニウムが燐酸と反応してゲル状の燐酸鉄アルミニウムが生成する。このゲル状の燐酸鉄アルミニウムは次の乾燥工程で乾燥される際に、粒の内部ではガラス状になり、外側では硬い網目構造の殻を形成する。このようにして得た粒状複合肥料は、網目構造の燐酸鉄アルミニウムが粒の外形を覆っていることと、粒子の内部はガラス状となっているため水の浸透が妨げられ、このため吸水量が小さくなる。一方、乾式燐酸液は湿式燐酸液に比べて不純物の鉄、アルミニウム等を殆ど含有していない。このため、粒状複合肥料は粒子の外側に硬い網目構造の燐酸鉄アルミニウムの殻を形成することが極めて少なく、次いで添加される乾式燐酸液が肥料粒面の極わずかな殻を除々に溶解して分解するため更に吸水量が大きくなる。
The reason why the granular composite fertilizer composition of the present invention obtained by coating the dry composite phosphoric acid solution on the granular composite fertilizer obtained by using the dry phosphoric acid solution is large is not clear, but is presumed as follows. Is done.
In the method for producing a granular composite fertilizer, when granulation is performed using the neutralization reaction of the ammoniating of the wet phosphoric acid solution, impurities such as iron and aluminum in the wet phosphoric acid solution react with phosphoric acid to form a gel. Iron iron phosphate is produced. When this gelled aluminum iron phosphate is dried in the subsequent drying step, it becomes glassy inside the grains and forms a hard network shell on the outside. In the granular composite fertilizer thus obtained, the iron iron phosphate having a network structure covers the outer shape of the grains, and the inside of the grains is glassy, so that the penetration of water is hindered. Becomes smaller. On the other hand, the dry phosphoric acid solution contains almost no impurities such as iron and aluminum as compared with the wet phosphoric acid solution. For this reason, the granular composite fertilizer rarely forms a hard iron-aluminum phosphate shell on the outside of the particle, and the added dry phosphoric acid solution gradually dissolves the very slight shell on the fertilizer grain surface. Since it decomposes, the amount of water absorption is further increased.
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例によって何ら限定されるものではない。なお、実施例中の部および％は特記しない限りすべて重量部および重量百分率を示す。
また、実施例に於いて吸水量は以下の方法で測定した。
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. In addition, unless otherwise indicated, all the parts and% in an Example show a weight part and a weight percentage.
In the examples, the amount of water absorption was measured by the following method.
吸水量：
５００mlのガラス製ビーカーに粒状複合肥料組成物１００gを入れ、撹拌しながら水を除々に添加し、水が浸透しなくなった時の水の量を測定し、吸水量を求めた。
Water absorption:
100 g of the granular composite fertilizer composition was put in a 500 ml glass beaker, water was gradually added while stirring, and the amount of water when water did not permeate was measured to determine the amount of water absorption.
［実施例１］
硫安４８８７ｇ、塩化加里２３６１ｇを皿型造粒機で転動させながら、次いで、乾式燐酸液を使用して得たＰ2Ｏ5濃度４０％の１．５（Ｎ／Ｐ2Ｏ5モル比、以下同じ。）燐酸アンモニウムスラリー２５７０ｇ、６７．５％の硫酸液１０００ｇを添加し、次いで、アンモニアガス２３４ｇをガス管を使用して転動物内に添加させながら造粒した。次いで、乾燥、篩別して粒径２〜４mmの硫燐安系粒状複合肥料５０００ｇを得た。次いで、このものにＰ2Ｏ5濃度６１％の乾式燐酸液４０ｇをスプレーして被覆処理し硫燐安系粒状複合肥料組成物[肥料成分:１５−１０−１４（１５−１０−１４はＮ−Ｐ2Ｏ5−Ｋ2Ｏとしての含有％を示す。）]の製品を得た。この製品の水分は０．６７％であった。
このようにして得た硫燐安系粒状複合肥料組成物の吸水量を前記の方法で測定した。結果を表１に示す。
[Example 1]
While rolling 4887 g of ammonium sulfate and 2361 g of chlorinated chloride with a dish-type granulator, the P 2 O 5 concentration obtained using dry phosphoric acid solution was 1.5% (N / P 2 O 5 molar ratio, The same applies hereinafter.) 2570 g of ammonium phosphate slurry and 1000 g of 67.5% sulfuric acid solution were added, and then granulated while adding 234 g of ammonia gas into the animals using a gas tube. Next, it was dried and sieved to obtain 5000 g of an ammonium sulfate-based granular composite fertilizer having a particle diameter of 2 to 4 mm. Next, 40 g of a dry phosphoric acid solution having a P 2 O 5 concentration of 61% was sprayed onto this product to coat it, and an ammonium sulfate granular composite fertilizer composition [fertilizer component: 15-10-14 (15-10-14 is N -P shows the content percent of the 2 O 5 -K 2 O.) ] to give the product of. The moisture content of this product was 0.67%.
The water absorption of the ammonium sulfate-based granular composite fertilizer composition thus obtained was measured by the method described above. The results are shown in Table 1.
［比較例１］
乾式燐酸液の被覆処理を行わない以外は、実施例１と同様の方法で硫燐安系粒状複合肥料を製造した。この製品の水分は０．６４％であった。
このようにして得た硫燐安系粒状複合肥料の吸水量を前記の方法で測定した。結果を表１に示す。
[Comparative Example 1]
An ammonium sulfate-based granular composite fertilizer was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating treatment with the dry phosphoric acid solution was not performed. The moisture content of this product was 0.64%.
The water absorption of the ammonium sulfate-based granular composite fertilizer thus obtained was measured by the method described above. The results are shown in Table 1.
［比較例２］
乾式燐酸液を使用して得たＰ2Ｏ5濃度４０％の１．５燐酸アンモニウムスラリー２５７０ｇに代えて、湿式燐酸液を使用して得たＰ2Ｏ5濃度４０％の１．５燐酸アンモニウムスラリー２５７０ｇを使用した以外は実施例１と同様の方法で硫燐安系粒状複合肥料組成物を製造した。この製品の水分は０．６５％であった。
このようにして得た硫燐安系粒状複合肥料組成物の吸水量を前記の方法で測定した。結果を表１に示す。
[Comparative Example 2]
Instead of 2570 g of a 1.5 ammonium phosphate slurry having a P 2 O 5 concentration of 40% obtained by using a dry phosphoric acid solution, a 1.5 ammonium phosphate having a P 2 O 5 concentration of 40% obtained by using a wet phosphoric acid solution An ammonium sulfate-based granular composite fertilizer composition was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 2570 g of the slurry was used. The moisture content of this product was 0.65%.
The water absorption of the ammonium sulfate-based granular composite fertilizer composition thus obtained was measured by the method described above. The results are shown in Table 1.
［実施例２］
硫安５１７３ｇ、塩化加里１７２０ｇ、軽焼マグネシア４９５ｇを皿型造粒機で転動させながら、Ｐ2Ｏ5濃度４０％の乾式燐酸液２１００ｇ、６７．５％の硫酸液１６００gを添加し、次いで、アンモニアガス３０２ｇをガス管を使用して転動物内に添加させながら造粒した。次いで、乾燥、篩別して粒径２〜４mmの苦土入り硫燐安系粒状複合肥料５０００ｇを得た。次いで、このものにＰ2Ｏ5濃度６１％の乾式燐酸液３０ｇをスプレーして被覆処理し苦土入り硫燐安系粒状複合肥料[肥料成分:１３−８−１０−４（１３−８−１０−４はＮ−Ｐ2Ｏ5−Ｋ2Ｏ−ＭｇＯとしての含有％を示す。）]の製品を得た。この製品の水分は０．８３％であった。
このようにして得た苦土入り硫燐安系粒状複合肥料組成物の吸水量を前記の方法で測定した。結果を表２に示す。
[Example 2]
While rolling 5173 g of ammonium sulfate, 1720 g of potassium chloride and 495 g of light-burned magnesia with a dish granulator, 2100 g of dry phosphoric acid solution with a P 2 O 5 concentration of 40% and 1600 g of 67.5% sulfuric acid solution were added, Granulation was carried out while adding 302 g of ammonia gas into the animal using a gas tube. Subsequently, drying and sieving were carried out to obtain 5000 g of a phosphorous-based granular composite fertilizer containing bitter clay with a particle diameter of 2 to 4 mm. Next, 30 g of a dry phosphoric acid solution having a P 2 O 5 concentration of 61% is sprayed onto the resulting product, and then coated with a phosphorous ammonium sulfate-based granular fertilizer containing bitter clay [fertilizer component: 13-8-10-4 (13-8- 10-4 shows the content% as N—P 2 O 5 —K 2 O—MgO.)]]. The moisture content of this product was 0.83%.
The amount of water absorption of the thus obtained bitter clay-containing ammonium phosphate granular composite fertilizer composition was measured by the method described above. The results are shown in Table 2.
［比較例３］
乾式燐酸液を被覆処理を行わない以外は、実施例２と同様の方法で苦土入り硫燐安系粒状複合肥料を製造した。この製品の水分は０．８０％であった。
このようにして得た苦土入り硫燐安系粒状複合肥料の吸水量を前記の方法で測定した。結果を表２に示す。
[Comparative Example 3]
A phosphorous ammonium sulfate-based granular composite fertilizer containing bitter earth was produced in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the dry phosphoric acid solution was not coated. The moisture content of this product was 0.80%.
The amount of water absorption of the thus obtained bitumen-containing ammonium phosphate granular composite fertilizer was measured by the method described above. The results are shown in Table 2.
［比較例４］
Ｐ2Ｏ5濃度４０％の乾式燐酸液２１００ｇに代えて、Ｐ2Ｏ5濃度４０％の湿式燐酸液２１００ｇを使用した以外は実施例２と同様の方法で苦土入り硫燐安系粒状複合肥料組成物を製造した。この製品の水分は０．７５％であった。
このようにして得た苦土入り硫燐安系粒状複合肥料組成物の吸水量を前記の方法で測定した。結果を表２に示す。
[Comparative Example 4]
Instead of P 2 O 5 concentration of 40% dry phosphoric acid solution 2100g, P 2 O 5 concentration of 40% except for using a wet phosphoric acid solution 2100g Example 2 In the same manner as bitter soil containing硫燐depreciation based granular complex in A fertilizer composition was produced. The moisture content of this product was 0.75%.
The amount of water absorption of the thus obtained bitter clay-containing ammonium phosphate granular composite fertilizer composition was measured by the method described above. The results are shown in Table 2.
［実施例３］
硫安３５５５ｇ、塩化加里２５７１ｇ、尿素１０８７ｇを皿型造粒機で転動させながら、乾式燐酸液を使用して得たＰ2Ｏ5濃度４０％の１．５燐酸アンモニウムスラリー２６３８ｇ、６７．５％の硫酸液１０００ｇを添加し、次いで、アンモニアガス２３４ｇをガス管を使用して転動物内に添加させながら造粒した。次いで、乾燥、篩別して粒径２〜４mmの尿素系粒状複合肥料５０００ｇを得た。次いで、このものにＰ2Ｏ5濃度６１％の乾式燐酸液５０ｇを被覆処理し尿素系粒状複合肥料組成物[肥料成分:１７−１０−１５（１７−１０−１５はＮ−Ｐ2Ｏ5−Ｋ2Ｏとしての含有％を示す。）]の製品を得た。この製品の水分は０．５１％であった。
このようにして得た尿素系粒状複合肥料組成物の吸水量を前記の方法で測定した。結果を表３に示す。
[Example 3]
While rolling 3555 g of ammonium sulfate, 2571 g of potassium chloride and 1087 g of urea with a dish type granulator, 2638 g of 1.5 ammonium phosphate slurry with a P 2 O 5 concentration of 40% obtained using a dry phosphoric acid solution, 67.5% Then, 1000 g of sulfuric acid solution was added, and then 234 g of ammonia gas was granulated while being added into the animals using a gas tube. Next, it was dried and sieved to obtain 5000 g of urea-based granular composite fertilizer having a particle diameter of 2 to 4 mm. Next, this was coated with 50 g of a dry phosphoric acid solution having a P 2 O 5 concentration of 61%, and a urea-based granular composite fertilizer composition [fertilizer component: 17-10-15 (17-10-15 is NP 2 O 5 shows a content% as -K 2 O.)] to give the product of. The moisture content of this product was 0.51%.
The water absorption of the urea-based granular composite fertilizer composition thus obtained was measured by the above method. The results are shown in Table 3.
［比較例５］
乾式燐酸液の被覆処理を行わない以外は、実施例３と同様の方法で尿素系粒状複合肥料を製造した。この製品の水分は０．４４％であった。
このようにして得た尿素系粒状複合肥料の吸水量を前記の方法で測定した。結果を表３に示す。
[Comparative Example 5]
A urea-based granular composite fertilizer was produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the coating treatment with the dry phosphoric acid solution was not performed. The moisture content of this product was 0.44%.
The water absorption of the urea-based granular composite fertilizer thus obtained was measured by the above method. The results are shown in Table 3.
［比較例６］
乾式燐酸液を使用して得たＰ2Ｏ5濃度４０％の１．５燐酸アンモニウムスラリー２６３８ｇに代えて、湿式燐酸液を使用して得たＰ2Ｏ5濃度４０％の１．５燐酸アンモニウムスラリー２６３８ｇを使用した以外は実施例３と同様の方法で尿素系粒状複合肥料組成物を製造した。この製品の水分は０．４０％であった。
このようにして得た尿素系粒状複合肥料組成物の吸水量を前記の方法で測定した。結果を表３に示す。
[Comparative Example 6]
Instead of 2638 g of the 1.5 ammonium phosphate slurry having a P 2 O 5 concentration of 40% obtained using the dry phosphoric acid solution, the 1.5 ammonium phosphate having a P 2 O 5 concentration of 40% obtained using the wet phosphoric acid solution was used. A urea-based granular composite fertilizer composition was produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that 2638 g of slurry was used. The moisture content of this product was 0.40%.
The water absorption of the urea-based granular composite fertilizer composition thus obtained was measured by the above method. The results are shown in Table 3.
Claims (4)
A method for producing a granular composite fertilizer composition, comprising subjecting a granular composite fertilizer obtained by granulation, drying and sieving using a dry phosphoric acid solution as a phosphoric acid source, to a dry phosphoric acid solution.
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