JP4337659B2 - Graphic drawing control apparatus and program - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a graphic drawing control device and a program, and is suitable for application to a scientific calculator having an implicit function graph display function, for example.

  Conventionally, as one of the electronic computing devices having abundant functions such as calculation functions such as equation calculation, matrix calculation, complex number calculation and statistical functions, a graph display function for illustrating a graph representing an input relational expression or the like A scientific calculator is known. Such a scientific calculator (hereinafter referred to as a graph calculator) can display the calculation results of various technical calculations obtained using the calculation function in a graph, for example, and is widely used in educational sites and research institutions. Has been.

As a technique related to this graphing calculator, when drawing a graph of a normal explicit function (a function in the form of y = f (x)), the value of each y with respect to the value of each x is calculated from the equation y = f (x). A technique for drawing a graph by calculating and plotting a graph on xy coordinates is known. In addition, in order to deal with the problem that the intersection of two graphs is not displayed correctly due to the size of the pixels that display the dots that make up the graph, the roughness of the unit values to be traced (trace interval), etc. There is a technique in which the tracing interval in the vicinity is performed more precisely than usual, and the display mode of the cursor or the like is changed in such a precisely traced section (for example, Patent Document 1).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-179829

  By the way, in the graph drawing of the explicit function, it is easy to calculate each y value for each x value from the equation y = f (x) and plot the graph on the xy coordinates. I was able to draw a graph. However, if the relation between the two variables x and y in the implicit function expression is defined as a relational expression F (x, y), the relational expression F (x, y) in the implicit function expression indicates the value of each y with respect to the value of each x. Cannot be obtained directly and the graph cannot be drawn directly.

  Therefore, the relational expression F (x, y) is transformed to f (x, y) = 0, and an appropriate value is substituted for x and y to be drawn so that f (x, y) = 0. A method of drawing a graph by drawing is conceivable.

  However, when trying to draw a graph using such a method, it is necessary to perform calculations for a considerably large number of points, which requires a lot of drawing time.

As described above, in the conventional graphing calculator, there is a problem that when an implicit function graph is drawn, the processing amount increases, the drawing time increases, and the practicality deteriorates.
For this reason, a method of drawing a certain number of points and connecting the points with line segments to express the graph outline of the implicit function is conceivable, but there is a serious drawback that it is not an accurate graph.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to realize a graphic drawing control apparatus that can easily perform accurate implicit function graph drawing.

To solve such a problem, Oite the drawing control device according to claim 1,
And implicit memory means for storing a relational expression of implicit representation,
And drawing control means for controlling so as to draw a graph outline corresponding to the positive and negative relationship of the implicit function representation in each grid in the four vertices and the center point of each grid by dividing the display region in a lattice,
A region designation means for designating a partial area in the display area including the drawn graph envelope by the drawing control means,
The designated partial area by the area specifying means, the graph approximate shape corresponding to the positive and negative relationship of the implicit representation of the four vertexes and the center point of the division to the fine grid to the fine grid a small than the lattice and fine drawing control means for controlling so as to draw in each fine grid,
It is characterized by providing.

  The graphic drawing control apparatus according to claim 2 (for example, the graphing calculator 1 in FIG. 1) is the graphic drawing control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the area specifying means specifies the partial area according to a user operation. And an operation designation means (for example, CPU 2 in FIG. 2; step A15 in FIG. 8).

  Further, the graphic drawing control apparatus according to claim 3 (for example, the graphing calculator 1 in FIG. 1) is the graphic drawing control apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fine drawing control means has a size of the fine grid. It is characterized by having lattice size setting means (for example, CPU 2 in FIG. 2; steps B17 and A19 in FIG. 20) for setting the height in accordance with a user operation.

A graphic drawing control device according to claim 4 (for example, the graphing calculator 1 in FIG. 1) is the graphic drawing control device according to claim 1,
The drawing control means includes
The graph outline is not drawn in the lattice of the lattice in which the relational expressions of the implicit function expressions at the four vertices are all positive or all negative.
The area specifying means includes:
Discriminating means for discriminating presence or absence of a graph envelope for each grid divided by the drawing control means,
And the figure chromatic grid portion specifying means for specifying a portion of the grid is determined with the graph outline is present as a partial region by the discriminating means,
It is characterized by having.

The graphic drawing control apparatus according to claim 5 is the graphic drawing control apparatus according to claim 1,
A partial region specifying means for specifying a partial area in the display area including the drawn graph envelope by the fine drawing control unit,
The designated partial area by the partial region specifying unit, the graph approximate said corresponding positive and negative relationship of the implicit representation of the four vertexes and the center points of the fine grid from small individual fine grid is divided into fine-mesh and fine drawing control means for controlling the shape so as to draw in each fine grid,
Is further provided.

The program according to claim 6 is:
On the computer,
And implicit memory function of storing a relational expression of implicit function representation,
A drawing control function of controlling the graph approximate shape corresponding to the positive and negative relationship of the implicit representation of the four vertexes and the center point of each grid by dividing the display area on the grid so as to draw in each grid,
A region designation function of designating a partial area in the display area including the drawn graph envelope by the drawing control function,
The subregion designated by the region designation function, the graph approximate shape corresponding to the positive and negative relationship of the implicit representation of the four vertexes and the center point of the division to the fine grid to the fine grid a small than the lattice and fine drawing control function of controlling so as to draw in each fine grid,
It is characterized by realizing.

According to the graphic drawing control apparatus according to claim 1 and the program according to claim 6, the display area is first divided into grids, and the relational expression of the implicit function expression at the four vertices and the center point of each grid is positive or negative. depending graph envelope are drawn in each grid. The partial region in the display area including the drawn graph envelope is designated, the designated partial region is divided into fine grid a small than the respective grid, the negative in the 4 vertices and central points of the fine grid A graph outline corresponding to the sign of the function expression is drawn in each fine grid.
Therefore, after the implicit function figure is drawn in the display area with a predetermined fineness, the implicit function figure is drawn more finely only in the specified partial area, so the total time spent for the drawing process is reduced. It is possible to obtain a highly accurate drawing of a necessary partial region without increasing the size.

According to the graphic drawing control apparatus of the second aspect, the partial area is designated according to the user operation.
Therefore, the user can redraw a desired portion of the figure drawn in the display area more finely. In addition, since the user can specify the partial area to be redrawn more finely in the subjective judgment of the user, for example, an operation specification that allows the user to search for the part that he wants to see in detail can be realized, and the shape of the function graph can be explored. Suitable for learning purposes such as observation.

According to the graphic drawing control apparatus of the third aspect, the size of the lattice when dividing into finer lattices is set according to the user operation.
Therefore, the user can redraw the specified area of the graphic drawn in the display area with a finer desired fineness. Therefore, even when the user wants to redraw the partial area very finely, There is no need to repeat the redrawing operation. Further, this does not increase the total time spent for drawing processing.
In addition, an operation specification that allows the user to search for details when redrawing is realized, and it is suitable for a learning application such as observation of a change in appearance according to a change in observation accuracy.

According to the graphic drawing control apparatus of the fourth aspect, the presence or absence of the graph outline is determined for each grid in the display area , and the portion of the grid determined to have the graph outline is designated as the partial area. .
Therefore, the user does not need to specify a partial area that needs to be redrawn more finely.

Further, according to the drawing control device according to claim 5, including a small yet graph envelope than drawn in partial regions, it is specified partial area in the display area, the designated partial area each fine is divided into small fine grid from grid is drawn graphs outline corresponding to the positive and negative relationship of the implicit representation of the four vertexes and the center points of the fine grid within each fine grid.
Therefore, it is not necessary for the user himself to repeat the redrawing operation until the figure is drawn with fineness suitable for the user's intention, and a graph outline with desired accuracy can be easily obtained.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the following, a case where the present invention is applied to a scientific calculator having a graph display function will be described, but the form to which the present invention can be applied is not limited to this.

1. Common Configuration FIGS. 1 and 2 are diagrams respectively showing an overview and a circuit configuration of a scientific calculator (hereinafter referred to as a graph calculator) 1 having a graph display function in each embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2, the graphing calculator 1 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 2, an input unit 3, a display unit 4, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 5, and a ROM (Read Only Memory) 6 connected to the CPU 2. And is configured.

  The CPU 2 executes predetermined processing based on a predetermined program in accordance with an input instruction, performs an instruction to each functional unit, data transfer, and the like, and controls the graphing calculator 1 in an integrated manner. Specifically, each processing program stored in the ROM 6 is read in response to an input operation via the input unit 3, the processing is executed according to the processing program, and the processing result is stored in the RAM 5 and displayed on the display unit 4. Output.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the input unit 3 is a direction key unit 31 that is used to execute each program related to the function of the graphing calculator 1 and input various information, etc., and an operation confirmation instruction. A determination key 32, a cancel key 33 for performing a cancel operation (ie, cancellation) in a predetermined input acceptance state, a character / numeric key portion 34, a symbol key portion 35, and a relational expression registration key 36 for registering a relational expression And a drawing start key 37.

The direction key unit 31 includes an up key 31U, a down key 31D, a left key 31L, and a right key 31R for moving the cursor on the display unit 4 in the up, down, left, and right directions, respectively. .
The alphanumeric key section 34 includes various keys for inputting variable characters such as “x” and “y”, a decimal point, and numbers.

  The symbol key part 35 is necessary when inputting a relational expression, for example, parentheses (“(” and “)”), an equal sign (“=”), a power symbol (“^”), and an addition symbol. (“+”), Symbols for subtraction (“−”), sine function (“sin”), exponential function (“exp”), and various keys for inputting various built-in functions, etc. Is done.

  The drawing start key 37 is a key for starting graph drawing. When the drawing start key 37 is pressed, the graph drawing process in each embodiment is started, and the CPU 2 executes predetermined processes described in detail later.

  The RAM 5 (FIG. 2) includes a storage area that temporarily holds various processing programs executed by the CPU 2 and data related to the execution of these programs. The details of these storage areas will be described in each embodiment described later.

  The ROM 6 is an auxiliary storage device configured using, for example, a non-volatile storage medium, and stores an initial program for performing various initial settings, hardware inspections, loading of necessary programs, and the like. In addition to these, the ROM 6 stores various processing programs related to the operation of the graphing calculator 1, data for realizing various functions, and the like. Details of these programs, data, and the like will be described in each embodiment described later.

  The display unit 4 is configured by an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) or the like composed of display pixels arranged in a row direction and a column direction, and is stored in an image memory (not shown) based on a control signal transmitted from the CPU 2. Displays the bitmap data that has been saved. In the following description, the entire area where the bitmap data is displayed is referred to as a display area, and detailed description and illustration regarding the image memory and the bitmap data are omitted.

  For simplicity, in the following description, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, the shape of the display area is rectangular, and the long side of the display area is 60 pixels in the row direction and the short side is 40 pixels in the column direction. It is assumed that display pixels are arranged so as to be orthogonal to each other.

  As shown in the figure, when the xy coordinate plane is displayed on the display unit 4, the size representing 1 in the x and y directions corresponds to 10 pixels, and the origin O is the center of the display area. It is assumed that the CPU 2 controls to match, that is, to always display the region {(x, y) | −3 ≦ x <3 and −2 <y ≦ 2}.

2. First Embodiment A graphing calculator 1 according to the present embodiment is configured using a RAM 5a shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, the RAM 5a includes a functional equation 51, a lattice size value 52, a lattice size value change rate 53, a specified range 54, a first lattice table 55, and a second lattice table 56.

  The function formula 51 is an area for storing function formulas related to the two variables x and y. When the relational expression registration key 36 of the graph calculator 1 is pressed, the CPU 2 displays a relational expression F (x, y) which is a relation between two variables x and y in an implicit function expression on a predetermined input screen (not shown). ) Is received, and the functional expression f (x, y) when the relational expression F (x, y) is transformed to f (x, y) = 0 is stored in the functional expression 51. As will be described later, when the drawing start key 37 of the graph calculator 1 is pressed, the graph outline of the relational expression F is drawn based on the contents of the function expression 51.

  The grid size value 52 is an area for storing information about the size of a grid (hereinafter referred to as a grid size value) which is a unit of processing in the intra-area drawing process described later. For example, the grid size value 52 shown in FIG. The size of one side of a uniform small square area on the xy coordinate plane such as the lattice r12 is stored.

  The lattice size value change rate 53 is an area for storing a value of a ratio of a new value to an old value (hereinafter referred to as a lattice size value change rate) that is applied when the lattice size value 52 is changed in a predetermined process. Yes, a predetermined value smaller than 1 is stored. For example, in step A19 of the first drawing process to be described later, a value obtained by multiplying the lattice size value 52 by the lattice size value change rate 53 is newly stored as the lattice size value 52, and the value of the lattice size value 52 is further increased. It will be updated to a smaller value.

  Here, in the case of the present embodiment, the lattice size value 52 and the lattice size value change rate 53 are set to predetermined values, for example, “1” and “0. “5” is set.

  The designated range 54 is an area for storing information indicating an area on the xy coordinate plane designated through a predetermined operation. For example, the designated area 54 is a point located at the upper left of the designated area (hereinafter referred to as an upper left point). .) And the coordinates of the point located at the lowermost right (hereinafter referred to as the lowermost right point).

  Each of the first grid table 55 and the second grid table 56 is a set of data (hereinafter referred to as grid data) for identifying each grid on the xy coordinate plane in the in-region drawing process described later. This is an area for storing temporary table variables (hereinafter referred to as grid table).

  The lattice table has a structure shown in FIG. 10, for example. That is, each grid data includes a “grid number” for identifying a predetermined grid, “left-most upper-point coordinates” representing the coordinates of the upper-leftmost point of the grid, and whether or not there is a graphic figure in the grid. It has an item such as “graphic presence / absence”.

  The “upper left point coordinates” are information for uniquely specifying the grid, and represent the coordinates of the upper left point, which is an example of the representative point, for example, for each of the xy coordinate plane and the pixel position. In addition, as long as the information is used for uniquely specifying the grid, the coordinates of other representative points and other types of information of the grid may be used as appropriate instead of the “upper left point coordinates”.

  In addition, the graphing calculator 1 according to the present embodiment is configured using the ROM 6a shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, the ROM 6a includes a first drawing processing program 61a, an in-region drawing processing program 62, and an outline correspondence table 63.

  The outline correspondence table 63 classifies the grid according to the behavior of the function f in the grid, for example, each value of the function f at a plurality of predetermined representative points in the grid, and graphs in the grid based on the classification This is an area for storing the outline and the presence / absence of graphics, and the CPU 2 uses this outline correspondence table 63 when specifying the graph outline and determining the presence / absence of the graph figure within a predetermined lattice of the relational expression F. Do.

  In this outline correspondence table 63, as shown in FIG. 6, for example, the sign of the function values f1, f2, f3, f4 and f5 at 5 points P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 described later in the lattice and the graph outline are shown. Data in which the shape and the presence / absence of the figure are associated (hereinafter referred to as a classification line) is stored. In the figure, a classification row in which the sign of the function value f5 is blank represents a classification line in which the sign does not contribute to the classification, that is, the sign may be any.

  Here, the function values f1, f2, f3, f4, and f5 described above are respectively the four vertices P1 (x1, y1), P2 (x2, y2), and P3 (x3, y3) of the lattice as shown in FIG. ), P4 (x4, y4) and function values f (x1, y1), f (x2, y2), f (x3, y3), f (x4, y4) and f at the central point P5 (x5, y5) It is assumed that (x5, y5).

  For example, in the case of a lattice in which the signs of the function values f1, f2, f3, f4, and f5 at five points P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5 are positive, negative, negative, positive, and negative, respectively, in this order, Since the sign of the function f changes between the point P1 and the three points P2, P5, P3, and between the three points P2, P5, P3 and the point P4, the graph of the relational expression F in this lattice Is a classification row a2 in the outline correspondence table 63, which is generally associated with the outline a1 shown in FIG. Note that the classification lines associated in the same manner are stored in the outline correspondence table 63 for the lattices in other cases.

  The first drawing processing program 61a is a processing program for realizing the first drawing processing that is the graph drawing processing of the present embodiment. When the drawing start key 37 of the input unit 3 is pressed, the CPU 2 executes the first drawing processing program 61a to display the outline of the graph representing the relational expression F (x, y) on the display unit 4. The first drawing process for displaying on the xy coordinate plane is performed.

  Further, the CPU 2 designates a predetermined area on the xy coordinate plane and executes the in-area drawing process program 62 as necessary for the first drawing process, thereby performing the in-area drawing process for the area. It is made like that.

  Next, the operation realized by the CPU 2 executing these processing programs in the graph calculator 1 will be described in detail with reference to the flowcharts shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.

However, for the sake of simplicity in the following description, (4x ² + y ² ) ² = 25 (4x ² −y ² ) already input as the relational expression F (x, y) is changed to f (x, y) = 0. It is assumed that (4x ² + y ² ) ² −25 (4x ² −y ² ) is stored as a function expression 51 as a function f (x, y).

  FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the first drawing process of the graphing calculator 1 according to the present embodiment. When the drawing start key 37 of the graphing calculator 1 is pressed, the CPU 2 executes the first drawing processing by executing the first drawing processing program 61a in the ROM 6a.

  When the drawing start key 37 is pressed to start this processing, the CPU 2 first divides the display area into grids based on the grid size value 52 (step A11). In the present embodiment, for the sake of simplicity, the display area is divided into square grids, and the grid size value 52 at the time of this step, that is, the specified value “1” is set to one side of the grid. Of length.

  In this case, specifically, the CPU 2 creates the first grid table 55 shown in FIG. 10 in the RAM 5a, for example, so that the CPU 2 can uniquely identify each grid as necessary.

  For example, in the case of this step of dividing the display area into grids having one side as shown in FIG. 11, the CPU 2 uses grid data a3, a4,... Corresponding to each grid such as grids r11, r12,. .. Are stored in the first lattice table 55 shown in FIG. And each lattice data a3, a4, ... is specific information for uniquely identifying the lattices r11, r12,..., For example, the upper left points v11, v12,. Has coordinates.

Next, the CPU 2 performs in-area drawing processing described later on the display area divided into the lattice (step A13). Incidentally, as will be described in detail later, in the in-area drawing process, the CPU 2 draws graph outlines one after another on each grid using the outline correspondence table 63.
Thus, as shown in FIG. 12, the graph outline z1 of the relational expression F is displayed over the entire display area in which the lattice z2 is introduced.

  Next, the CPU 2 accepts designation of an area on the xy coordinate plane through a predetermined range designation operation using each key of the input unit 3 or a pointing device (not shown), and designates the designated area (hereinafter, designated area). Is stored in the designated range 54 (step A15).

  In this case, as shown in FIG. 13, for example, the CPU 2 first displays a selection frame a5 (FIG. 13A) that can be moved using the direction key unit 31, and displays the direction key unit 31 for the selection frame a5. A rectangular region a8 having two corners facing the first location a6 and the second location a7 where the determination key 32 is pressed is received twice during the movement operation using the key. b)) is specified as the designated area. For example, the CPU 2 stores the coordinates of the upper left point and the lower right point of the designated area a8 in the designated range 54, respectively.

  Through this range designation operation, for example, the area a8 represented by {(x, y) | −0.7 ≦ x <0.8 and −1 <y ≦ 1} in the figure is specified as the designated area. I will do it.

  In addition, although the case where each key of the input part 3 was used as this range designation | designated operation was shown, you may make it perform range designation | designated operation by drag operation using pointing devices, such as a mouse | mouth and a pen tablet, for example. good.

  Next, the CPU 2 updates the value of the lattice size value 52 with a smaller lattice size value obtained by multiplying the lattice size value 52 by the lattice size value change rate 53 of the RAM 5a (step A19). Therefore, in the case of the present embodiment, the lattice size value 52 that was the prescribed value “1” is multiplied by the lattice size value change rate “0.5”, and the lattice size value 52 is set to a new value “0. 5 ”.

  Next, the CPU 2 divides the designated area into grids based on the updated grid size value 52 (step A21). Also in this case, specifically, for example, the second grid table shown in FIG. 14 is created in the RAM 5a so that each grid in the designated area can be uniquely specified. That is, the CPU 2 stores each piece of lattice data for uniquely identifying each lattice having a side of 0.5 in the region a8 as shown in FIG. 15 in the second lattice table shown in FIG.

  Next, the CPU 2 performs in-area drawing processing described later on this designated area divided into grids (step A23). Thus, a more detailed graph outline of the relational expression F is displayed in the designated area of the display unit 4.

  Accordingly, in the display area, for example, as shown in FIG. 16, the graph outline z1 drawn in step A13 is provided in the area other than the designated area, and the graph outline z4 more detailed than the graph outline is provided in the designated area. , Respectively.

  Thus, according to this process, first, the outline of the graph representing the relational expression F is drawn over the entire display area, and then the outline of the graph in the specified designated area is drawn in more detail.

  Next, the in-region drawing processing according to the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to FIG. For example, the CPU 2 executes the in-area drawing process shown in FIG. 5 by executing the in-area drawing process program 62 of the ROM 6a in step A13 of the first drawing process described above.

  As described above, when executing this process, a predetermined area on the xy coordinate plane divided into grids is designated as a process target. In the following description, the designated area is called a process target area, and a grid table such as the first grid table 55 or the second grid table 56 corresponding to the process target area is a process target grid table. I will call it.

  When this process is started, the CPU 2 first picks up one grid (hereinafter referred to as a process target grid) from the process target area, and obtains the value of the function f at the four vertices and the center point of the grid (step E11). That is, the function values f1, f2, f3, f4 and f5 at the points P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 shown in FIG. 7 are obtained.

  Next, the CPU 2 determines the presence / absence of a graph line figure in the processing target grid and specifies the approximate shape (step E13).

  In this case, specifically, the CPU 2 first refers to the outline correspondence table 63 (FIG. 6) of the ROM 6a to determine the graph outline and graphic presence / absence according to the signs of the function values f1, f2, f3, f4 and f5. get. Then, the acquired graphic presence / absence is stored in the “graphic presence / absence” item of the grid data corresponding to the processing target grid on the processing target grid table.

  Next, the CPU 2 draws the graph outline acquired in step E13 at the position of the processing target grid of the display unit 4 and proceeds to step E17 (step E15).

  Therefore, for example, when the first lattice table 55 shown in FIG. 10 is a processing target lattice table and the lattice r11 shown in FIG. 11 is a processing target lattice, the signs of the function values f1, f2, f3, and f4 are respectively By sequentially becoming positive, positive, positive, and negative, the outline of the graph and the presence / absence of the graphic are specified by the classification line a9 shown in FIG.

  Thus, for example, as shown in FIG. 17, the character “◯” indicating that there is a graph graphic is stored in the graphic presence / absence a10 of the lattice data a3 corresponding to the lattice r11 on the first lattice table 55, and For example, as shown in FIG. 18, the graph outline a12 of the classification line a9 shown in FIG. 9 is drawn at the position of the lattice r11 of the display unit 4.

  In step E17, the CPU 2 determines whether or not the processing target grid is the last grid in the processing target area (step E17). If the processing target grid is not the last grid (step E17: No), the processing is performed. The next grid is picked up from the target area, and this is set as a processing target grid and the process returns to Step E11 (Step E19).

On the other hand, when the processing target grid is the last grid in step E17 (step E17: Yes), the CPU 2 ends this process.
That is, the CPU 2 repeats the processes of steps E11 to E15 for drawing the graph outline in one grid for all grids in the processing target area.

  Incidentally, the CPU 2 can determine whether or not the processing target grid is the last grid and specify the next processing target grid by referring to the processing target grid table, for example.

  Thus, according to this processing, the graph outline is drawn for each grid of the processing target area divided into grids, and the graph outline of the relational expression F is drawn over the entire processing target area.

  In this case, regardless of the size of the grid, by calculating the function values at the maximum of 5 points per grid, the graph outline is specified only by the process that fits the type. For example, in the processing target area Compared to drawing the graph by examining the function values in a crushed manner, the graph outline over the entire processing target area is drawn with a very small amount of calculation.

  Thus, according to the graphing calculator 1 of the present embodiment, the graph outline representing the relational expression F is first drawn over the entire display area, and then the graph outline in the specified area specified is more detailed. Since dense drawing is performed, high-precision drawing can be obtained for a necessary region without increasing the total time spent for drawing processing.

  In addition, since the specified area to be refined can be specified by the user's subjective judgment, for example, an operation specification that allows the user to search for a place to view in detail is realized, and the shape of the function graph is observed in an exploratory manner. It is possible to provide a graphing calculator suitable for learning applications such as.

3. Second Embodiment Similar to the graph calculator 1 in the first embodiment, for example, when the drawing start key 37 is pressed, the graph calculator 1 of the present embodiment first covers the entire display area. A graph outline representing the relational expression F is drawn, and then a more detailed graph outline is drawn in the designated area.

  Hereinafter, a characteristic configuration of the graphing calculator 1 according to the present embodiment will be described in detail. In this case, the same components as those in the first embodiment described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  The graphing calculator 1 according to the present embodiment is configured using a ROM 6b shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, the ROM 6b is a second drawing process which is a graph drawing process of the present embodiment, in addition to the in-area drawing process program 62 and the outline correspondence table 63 similar to the ROM 6a in the first embodiment. Is provided with a second drawing processing program 61b.

When the drawing start key 37 of the input unit 3 is pressed, the CPU 2 executes the second drawing processing program 61b to perform the second drawing processing.
In the second drawing process, in the first drawing process in which the outline of the graph representing the relational expression F is displayed on the display unit 4, the grid size of the processing target area in the in-area drawing process after the first time is set. It can be set by a user operation.
Hereinafter, the second drawing process will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

When the drawing start key 37 is pressed and this process is started, the CPU 2 performs steps A11 to A15 as in the first drawing process, and proceeds to step B17.
Therefore, in the display unit 4, for example, as shown in FIG. 13B, a display state in which the designated area is designated in the display area in which the graph outline of the relational expression F is displayed is obtained.

  Next, when proceeding to Step B <b> 17, the CPU 2 receives a predetermined user operation for designating the lattice size value change rate, and stores the designated lattice size value change rate in the lattice size value change rate 53.

  In this case, for example, as shown in FIG. 21, the CPU 2 displays a change rate designation window b1 having a numerical value input field b2 for accepting a designation input of the lattice size value change rate on the display unit 4, and inputs it to the numerical value input field b2. The numerical value “0.15”, for example, is stored in the lattice size value change rate 53.

  And CPU2 performs step A19-A23 similarly to a 1st drawing process. That is, a value obtained by multiplying the lattice size value 52 by the lattice size value change rate 53 designated in step B17 is newly stored in the lattice size value 52, and the designated region is divided into lattices based on the lattice size value 52. The in-area drawing process is performed on the divided designated area.

  Thus, according to the present processing, as shown in FIG. 22, for example, after the outline z1 of the graph representing the relational expression F is drawn over the entire display area in which the lattice z2 is introduced, the designated area b3 designated. In addition, a grid z6 is introduced according to the grid size value according to the user operation for specifying the grid size value change rate, and a more detailed graph outline z5 is drawn.

  Thus, according to the graphing calculator 1 of the present embodiment, the grid size value change rate, which is a ratio when changing the size of the grid mesh, which is a drawing unit of the graph outline, is set to a user's desired value. And the grid size value can be as desired by the user.

  In other words, since it is possible to set a grid size value that is much smaller than the specified value, the user does not need to repeat the redrawing operation when the designated area is to be redrawn with very high accuracy. As a result, the total time spent on the drawing process is not increased.

  This also realizes an operation specification that allows the user to find out the accuracy of the displayed graph outline. For example, it can be used for observing the appearance change according to the change in the observation accuracy. It is also possible.

  In this embodiment, the lattice size value change rate is set according to the user operation. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the lattice size value is set directly according to the user operation. May be. In short, it is sufficient that the lattice size value can be changed according to the user's operation.

4). Third Embodiment Similar to the graph calculator 1 in the first embodiment, for example, when the drawing start key 37 is pressed, the graph calculator 1 of the present embodiment first extends over the entire display area. A graph outline representing the relational expression F is drawn, and then a more detailed graph outline is drawn in a predetermined area.

  Hereinafter, a characteristic configuration of the graphing calculator 1 according to the present embodiment will be described in detail. In this case, the same components as those in the first embodiment described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  The graphing calculator 1 according to the present embodiment is configured using a RAM 5c shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, the RAM 5c has the same functional equation 51, lattice size value 52, lattice size value change rate 53, first lattice table 55, and second lattice table 56 as the RAM 5a in the first embodiment. It is prepared for.

  In addition, the graphing calculator 1 of the present embodiment is configured using a ROM 6c shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, the ROM 6c is a third drawing process which is a graph drawing process of the present embodiment, in addition to the in-area drawing process program 62 and the outline correspondence table 63 similar to the ROM 6a in the first embodiment. Is provided with a third drawing processing program 61c.

When the drawing start key 37 of the input unit 3 is pressed, the CPU 2 executes the third drawing processing program 61c to perform the third drawing processing.
In the third drawing process, in each of the first drawing processes in which the graph outline representing the relational expression F is displayed on the display unit 4, each grid in which the graph outline is drawn by the first in-region drawing process is displayed. In-region drawing processing is performed as a processing target region from the next time onward.
Hereinafter, the third drawing process will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

  When the drawing start key 37 is pressed and this process is started, the CPU 2 performs steps A11 and A13 similar to those in the first drawing process, for example, as shown in FIG. The graph outline of Formula F is displayed.

  Next, the CPU 2 multiplies the lattice size value 52 by the lattice size value change rate 53 of the RAM 5c to update the lattice size value 52 to a smaller value (step C15).

  Next, the CPU 2 pays attention to one grid from among the display areas divided into grids, and determines whether or not there is a graph figure in the grid (hereinafter referred to as the target grid) (step). C17).

  In this case, the CPU 2 specifically refers to, for example, the first grid table 55 shown in FIG. 17, for example, sets one grid corresponding to the grid data a3 as the grid of interest, and the figure of the grid data a3. Whether or not there is a graph figure in the grid of interest is determined based on the presence / absence a10.

  If there is a graph figure in the target grid in step C17 (step C17: Yes), the CPU 2 first divides the target grid into further grids (small grids) based on the updated grid size value 52 (step S17). C19). In this case, specifically, the CPU 2 creates a second grid table 56 that is a grid table corresponding to the grid of interest in the RAM 5c.

  Therefore, for example, when the grid r11 corresponding to the grid data a3 (FIG. 17) and having a graph figure in the grid is the grid of interest as shown in FIG. 26, for example, the second grid table 56 shown in FIG. 27 is stored in the RAM 5c. Created.

  That is, in this case, each grid data in the second grid table 56 of FIG. 16 corresponds to each of the small grids r41, r42, r43 and r44 of FIG. 26, and the upper leftmost points v41, v42, v43 and By holding v44 coordinates, the CPU 2 can uniquely identify each of these small lattices.

  Next, the CPU 2 performs in-region drawing processing on the target lattice divided into small lattices, and proceeds to step C23 (step C21). That is, in-region drawing processing is performed using the target grid as a processing target region.

  Therefore, for example, a graph outline based on the outline correspondence table 63 is drawn for each of the small grids r41, r42, r43, and r44 of the grid of interest r11 (FIG. 26), and thus more detailed as shown in FIG. A rough graph is drawn on the target grid r11.

  On the other hand, when there is no graph figure in the grid in step C17 (step C17: No), the CPU 2 proceeds to step C23 without performing steps C19 and C21. That is, even if a more detailed graph outline is drawn, if it is expected that a graph figure will not be drawn on the grid of interest, such drawing processing is not performed, thereby eliminating unnecessary calculation processing.

  When the process proceeds to step C23, the CPU 2 determines whether or not the target grid is the last grid in the display area based on the first grid table 55 (step C23), and when the target grid is not the last grid (step C23). Step C23: No), the next grid in the display area is picked up, and this is used as the grid of interest and the process returns to Step C17 (Step C25).

On the other hand, if the target grid is the last grid in step C23 (step C23: Yes), the CPU 2 ends the process.
That is, the CPU 2 repeats the processes of steps C17 to C25 for drawing a more detailed graph outline only for a grid of interest with a graph figure.

  Thus, according to the present process, a more detailed graph outline is drawn only for the grid having the graph figure among all the grids based on the first grid table 55 in the display area. .

  Therefore, according to the graphing calculator 1 of the present embodiment, it is not necessary to specify a portion that needs to be redrawn with higher accuracy by the user's hand. In addition, since only the part determined to be necessary is redrawn with higher accuracy, the total time spent for the drawing process is not increased easily.

5. Fourth Embodiment Similar to the graph calculator 1 in the first embodiment, for example, when the drawing start key 37 is pressed, the graph calculator 1 of the present embodiment first covers the entire display area. A graph outline representing the relational expression F is drawn, and then a more detailed graph outline is drawn in a predetermined area.

  Hereinafter, a characteristic configuration of the graphing calculator 1 according to the present embodiment will be described in detail. In this case, the same components as those in the first embodiment described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  The graphing calculator 1 of the present embodiment is configured using a RAM 5d shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, the RAM 5d includes a functional equation 51, a lattice size value 52, a lattice size value change rate 53, and a first lattice table 55 similar to those of the RAM 5a in the first embodiment.

  In addition, the graphing calculator 1 according to the present embodiment is configured by using a ROM 6d shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, the ROM 6d is a fourth drawing process which is a graph drawing process of the present embodiment, in addition to the in-area drawing process program 62 and the outline correspondence table 63 similar to the ROM 6a in the first embodiment. Is provided with a fourth drawing processing program 61d.

When the drawing start key 37 of the input unit 3 is pressed, the CPU 2 executes the fourth drawing processing program 61d to perform the fourth drawing processing.
In the fourth drawing process, in the first drawing process in which the outline of the graph representing the relational expression F is displayed on the display unit 4, the in-area drawing process is repeatedly performed while reducing the size of the grid of the processing target area. It is what I did.
Hereinafter, the fourth drawing process will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

When the drawing start key 37 is pressed and this process is started, the CPU 2 first divides the display area into grids based on the grid size value 52 as in the case of the first drawing process (step D11). Then, the CPU 2 performs in-region drawing processing on this display region divided into grids (step D13).
Thus, for example, as shown in FIG. 12, the graph outline of the relational expression F is displayed over the entire display area.

  Next, the CPU 2 determines whether or not a predetermined user operation (hereinafter referred to as a drawing confirmation operation) for confirming the drawing of the graph outline, that is, requiring no further detailed display, has been performed. (Step D15).

  In this case, for example, the CPU 2 first displays a predetermined dialog (not shown) on the display unit 4 to ask the user whether or not to confirm the drawing of the graph outline, and draws with a positive response to the question. What is necessary is just to discriminate | determine that confirmation operation was made.

  Alternatively, a predetermined interrupt operation (not shown) that sets a predetermined detection flag (not shown) in response to detection of a predetermined key operation such as pressing of the cancel key 33 performed during the execution of this process. In step D15, it may be determined that the drawing confirmation operation has been performed when the detection flag is set.

If it is not determined that the drawing confirmation operation has been performed (step D15: No), the CPU 2 multiplies the lattice size value 52 by the lattice size value change rate 53 of the RAM 5d to update the lattice size value 52 to a smaller value. Then, the process returns to step D11 (step D17).
On the other hand, when it is determined that a drawing confirmation operation has been performed (step D15: Yes), the CPU 2 ends the process.

  Accordingly, the CPU 2 divides the display area into grids based on the updated grid size value 52, performs intra-area drawing processing on the display area, and updates the grid size value 52 to a smaller value D11 The subsequent steps are repeated until a drawing confirmation operation is performed.

  Thus, according to the present process, the in-area drawing process is repeatedly performed on the display area while gradually improving the drawing accuracy, and the drawing ends at a point in time that suits the user's will.

  Therefore, according to the graphing calculator 1 of the present embodiment, the user does not need to repeat the redrawing operation himself until the rough graph is drawn with an appropriate accuracy, so that the desired accuracy can be easily obtained. The graph outline can be obtained.

6). Other Embodiments In each of the above-described embodiments, for the sake of simplicity, the display area and the designated area are divided into grids made up of square areas. However, the present invention is not limited to this. The display area and the designated area may be uniformly divided by a grid of triangular areas.
In short, according to the behavior of the function f in the lattice, such as function values at a plurality of predetermined representative points in the lattice, the lattice is classified, and the graph outline in the lattice is specified by processing that is applied to the type. I can do it.

It is an approximate line figure showing an outline of a graphing calculator of an embodiment to which the present invention is applied. It is a block diagram which shows the circuit structure of a graph calculator. It is a figure which shows the display part of a graphing calculator. It is a figure which shows the structure of RAM in 1st and 2nd embodiment. It is a figure which shows the structure of ROM in 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the structure of a rough form correspondence table. It is a figure with which it uses for description of a rough form correspondence table. It is a figure which shows the processing flow of a 1st drawing process. It is a figure which shows the processing flow of an area | region drawing process. It is a figure which shows a 1st grating | lattice table. It is a figure where it uses for description of the division | segmentation of a display area. It is a figure where it uses for description of drawing to a display area. It is a figure where it uses for description of operation which designates a designation | designated area | region. It is a figure which shows the 2nd grid | lattice table which concerns on a designated area | region. It is a figure where it uses for description of the division | segmentation of a designated area. It is a figure where it uses for description of drawing to a designated area. It is a figure where it uses for description of the presence or absence of the figure in a lattice. It is a figure where it uses for description of drawing to a process target area. It is a figure which shows the structure of ROM in 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the processing flow of a 2nd drawing process. It is a figure which shows the change rate designation | designated window which concerns on a lattice size value change rate. It is a figure where it uses for description of drawing to a designated area. It is a figure which shows the structure of RAM in 3rd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the structure of ROM in 3rd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the processing flow of a 3rd drawing process. It is a figure where it uses for description of the division | segmentation of the attention grid | lattice. It is a figure which shows the 2nd grating | lattice table which concerns on the attention grating | lattice. It is a figure where it uses for description of drawing to the attention grid. It is a figure which shows the structure of RAM in 4th Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the structure of ROM in 4th Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the processing flow of a 4th drawing process.

Explanation of symbols

1 Graphing calculator 2 CPU
4 display unit 51 function formula 52 grid size values a8, b3 designated areas r11, r12 grids r41, r42, r43, r44 small grids

Claims (6)

Implicit function storage means for storing the relational expression of the implicit function expression ;
A drawing control means for controlling the graph so as to draw a graph outline corresponding to the positive / negative of the relational expression of the implicit function expression at the four vertices and the center point of each grid by dividing the display area into grids;
Area designating means for designating a partial area in the display area including the graph outline drawn by the drawing control means;
The designated partial area by the area specifying means, the graph approximate shape corresponding to the positive and negative relationship of the implicit representation of the four vertexes and the center point of the division to the fine grid to the fine grid a small than the lattice and fine drawing control means for controlling so as to draw in each fine grid,
A graphic drawing control device comprising:   The graphic drawing control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the area specifying unit includes an operation specifying unit that specifies the partial area in accordance with a user operation.   The graphic drawing control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the fine drawing control unit includes a grid size setting unit that sets a size of the fine grid according to a user operation. The drawing control means includes
The graph outline is not drawn in the lattice of the lattice in which the relational expressions of the implicit function expressions at the four vertices are all positive or all negative.
The area specifying means includes:
A discriminating unit for discriminating whether or not a graph outline exists for each grid divided by the drawing control unit;
A figured grid portion specifying means for specifying a portion of the grid determined to have a graph outline by the determining means as a partial region;
The graphic drawing control apparatus according to claim 1, comprising: Partial area designating means for designating a partial area in the display area including the graph outline drawn by the fine drawing control means;
The designated partial area by the partial region specifying unit, the graph approximate said corresponding positive and negative relationship of the implicit representation of the four vertexes and the center points of the fine grid from small individual fine grid is divided into fine-mesh Fine drawing control means for controlling the shape to be drawn in each fine grid ;
The graphic drawing control apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: On the computer,
An implicit function storage function for storing relational expressions of implicit function expressions ;
A drawing control function for controlling the drawing so that a graph outline corresponding to the positive / negative of the relational expression of the implicit function expression at the four vertices and the center point of each grid is drawn in each grid by dividing the display area into grids;
An area designating function for designating a partial area in the display area including the graph outline drawn by the drawing control function;
The subregion designated by the region designation function, the graph approximate shape corresponding to the positive and negative relationship of the implicit representation of the four vertexes and the center point of the division to the fine grid to the fine grid a small than the lattice and fine drawing control function of controlling so as to draw in each fine grid,
A program to realize

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