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JP4347442B2 - Method for producing highly corrosion-resistant stainless steel sheet for exterior building materials with excellent ability to prevent occurrence of band-like appearance unevenness - Google Patents
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JP4347442B2 - Method for producing highly corrosion-resistant stainless steel sheet for exterior building materials with excellent ability to prevent occurrence of band-like appearance unevenness - Google Patents

Method for producing highly corrosion-resistant stainless steel sheet for exterior building materials with excellent ability to prevent occurrence of band-like appearance unevenness Download PDF

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JP4347442B2
JP4347442B2 JP30796398A JP30796398A JP4347442B2 JP 4347442 B2 JP4347442 B2 JP 4347442B2 JP 30796398 A JP30796398 A JP 30796398A JP 30796398 A JP30796398 A JP 30796398A JP 4347442 B2 JP4347442 B2 JP 4347442B2
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steel sheet
stainless steel
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JP2000129405A (en
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武志 宇都宮
和 白山
敏郎 名越
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Nippon Steel Nisshin Co Ltd
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Nisshin Steel Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、建築物の外装に使用したときに帯状外観むらが発生しにくい、外装建材用高耐食性フェライト系ステンレス鋼板製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ステンレス鋼は代表的な耐食材料として各種用途に使用されているが、最近では耐候性の高い鋼種が開発されたこともあり、屋根,外装などの建築用資材の用途が増加しつつある。これらの外装建材用途では、単に腐食による発銹や穴開きが生じないだけでなく、施工後における外観上の美麗さが要求される。
【0003】
従来、外装建材用のステンレス鋼としては、主としてSUS304やSUS316に代表されるオーステナイト系の鋼種が使用されてきた。これらの鋼種は、汎用ステンレス鋼の中でも比較的耐食性が高い。しかし、海岸地区など海塩粒子が飛散する環境においては顕著な発銹が認められるなど、耐候性の面で問題もある。また、オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼は、フェライト系ステンレス鋼に比べて熱膨張係数が大きいため、長尺の屋根に適用する場合は膨張・収縮量を考慮して寸法が制約される。
【0004】
一方、フェライト系の汎用ステンレス鋼は、基本的に外装材としての耐候性に乏しい。代表的なSUS430を例にとると、腐食環境の穏やかな田園地帯においても比較的短期間で赤錆が発生する。
【0005】
フェライト系ステンレス鋼の耐候性を改善するためにはCrの増加やMoの添加が有効であり、既に22Cr−2Mo系,30Cr−2Mo系などの高Crフェライト系ステンレス鋼が開発されている。これらの鋼種では加工性や靱性を確保するためにC,Nの低減が必要であり、例えばSUS447J1(30Cr−2Mo系)では、C:0.010%以下,N:0.015%以下という厳しい規制が設けられている。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
このような低C,N化を図った高Crフェライト系ステンレス鋼板を外装建材に使用した場合、耐候性の面では極めて優れた特性を発揮する。しかし、施工後の外観において、鋼板の圧延方向に沿う帯状あるいは筋状のむらや模様(本発明では「帯状外観むら」という)が目立ちやすいという欠点があり、これが建築物の意匠性を損なうとして問題になることがある。本発明は、このような高Crフェライト系ステンレス鋼板の欠点を解消し、「高耐候性」と「外観上の美麗さ」を共に満足できる外装建材用のフェライト系ステンレス鋼板を提供することを目的とする。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、請求項の発明は、質量%で、C:0.015%以下,Si:1.0%以下,Mn:1.0%以下,P:0.04%以下,Ni:0.6%以下,Cr:16〜35%,Ti:0.05〜0.5%,Al:0〜0.3%(無添加を含む),Mo:6%以下,Cu:0.5%以下,Nb:0〜1.0%(無添加を含む),N:0.005〜0.025%、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなるフェライト系ステンレス鋼の、等軸晶率が15体積%以上である鋳造スラブを、最終パスにおける仕上げ圧延温度:830〜920℃,巻取り温度:450℃以下の条件で熱間圧延し、得られた熱延鋼板またはその後に焼鈍・酸洗を施した熱延焼鈍鋼板の表面を10μm以上研磨し、次いで、1回以上の中間焼鈍を含んで冷間圧延し、さらに光輝焼鈍または焼鈍・酸洗を施す工程からなる、圧延方向に直交する方向における鋼板表面の板幅内明度較差ΔL5以下である、帯状外観むらの発生防止能に優れた外装建材用高耐食性ステンレス鋼板の製造方法である。
【0011】
請求項の発明は、請求項の発明において、そのフェライト系ステンレス鋼を、質量%で、C:0.015%以下,Si:1.0%以下,Mn:1.0%以下,P:0.04%以下,Ni:0.6%以下,Cr:26〜35%,Ti:0.05〜0.5%,Al:0.005〜0.3%,Mo:6%以下,Cu:0.5%以下,Nb:0〜1.0%(無添加を含む),N:0.005〜0.025%、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成のものに変えるとともに、冷間圧延の方法を中間焼鈍を含まずに行う方法に変えたものである。
【0012】
請求項の発明は、請求項またはの発明において、特に、等軸晶率が15体積%以上である鋳造スラブが、鋳造温度と凝固点との温度差ΔTを60℃以下にすることによって得られた連続鋳造スラブである点を規定したものである。
【0013】
本明細書において、「光輝焼鈍鋼板」とは冷間圧延後に行う光輝焼鈍で形成された表面肌を有する鋼板をいい、「焼鈍・酸洗鋼板」とは冷間圧延後に行う焼鈍→酸洗で形成された表面肌を有する鋼板をいう。「圧延方向に直交する方向における鋼板表面の板幅内明度較差ΔL」とは、鋼板表面の明度(L値)を圧延方向に直交する方向に板幅全長にわたって連続的に測定した場合の、測定明度(L値)の最大値と最小値の差をいう。目的とする建材を得るうえで板幅の一部をスリット等により除去する場合には、除去する部分を除いた部分の板幅を上記「板幅全長」とする。
【0014】
【発明の実施の形態】
外装建材用の高耐候性フェライト系ステンレス鋼板は、一般的に次のような工程で製造される。
溶解→鋳造→熱間圧延→焼鈍・酸洗→冷間圧延(中間焼鈍を含む)→光輝焼鈍または焼鈍・酸洗
このようにして得られた光輝焼鈍鋼板または焼鈍・酸洗鋼板(以下、両者を「焼鈍済み冷延鋼板」という)は、そのままの仕上げ状態で各種建材に成形加工されたり、あるいはさらに調質圧延,ダル圧延,エンボス圧延,研磨など、各種仕上げ処理を経て建材に加工される。
【0015】
発明者らの検討の結果、建築物の外観において問題になる前記「帯状外観むら」は、鋼板表面の微小な凹凸に起因することがわかってきた。鋼板表面は本来フラットであるべきだが、実際には種々の要因により微小な凹凸が生じている。その凹凸が均一に分布している限り外観上「むら」として認識されることはない。しかし帯状外観むらを呈した鋼板を詳細に調査したところ、周囲とは異なる形態の微小な表面凹凸の生じている領域が圧延方向に沿って帯状あるいは筋状に延びていることが判明した。このような表面凹凸の特異な分布形態が帯状外観むらの原因になっていると考えられる。
【0016】
オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼を用いた従来の外装建材では、帯状外観むらが問題になることはほとんどない。しかし、高耐候性フェライト系ステンレス鋼板ではしばしば問題になる。この意味で帯状外観むらは高耐候性フェライト系ステンレス鋼板における特徴的な現象であると言える。
【0017】
発明者らは高耐候性フェライト系ステンレス鋼に関し、上述した焼鈍済み冷延鋼板の表面性状と、それを屋外に設置した場合の帯状外観むらの発生状況との関係を調査してきた。その結果、焼鈍済み冷延鋼板をそのまま屋外に設置した場合および各種仕上げ処理を施した後屋外に設置した場合のいずれにおいても、帯状外観むらの発生状況は、焼鈍済み冷延鋼板の表面性状に依存することがわかった。すなわち、焼鈍済み冷延鋼板の段階で特定の表面性状になっていれば、その後の仕上げ処理にかかわらず帯状外観むらの発生が再現性よく防止できることを知見した。
【0018】
その表面性状の指標として、例えば表面の凹凸状態を直接的に示す「表面粗さ」(Ra,Rmax,Rz等)を用いる方法が考えられる。しかし、この方法では帯状外観むらの発生を精度良く評価することができなかった。その理由として、帯状外観むらは屋外光線の反射むらを視覚として捉えたものであるが、Ra,Rmax,Rz等の指標は光線の反射むら(反射の方向性)に関する情報を十分に表現できる指標ではないことが考えられる。発明者らは種々調査の結果、先に定義した「圧延方向に直交する方向における鋼板表面の板幅内明度較差ΔL」によって、再現性良く帯状外観むらの発生状況を評価することに成功した。
以下、本発明を特定する事項について説明する。
【0019】
本発明では、高耐候性フェライト系ステンレス鋼を対象とする。各成分元素の主な作用を以下に示す。
【0020】
Crはステンレス鋼の耐食性を高める基本的な元素であり、耐候性,耐孔食性,耐隙間腐食性および一般的耐食性を著しく向上させる。本発明では特に耐候性が重要であり、外装材としての耐発銹性を維持するために少なくとも16質量%以上のCr含有が必要である。海岸地区での発銹を効果的に防止するには26質量%以上の含有が望ましい。また、Cr含有量が26質量%以上のものでは、適量のTiおよびAlの添加によって、冷間圧延に際し中間焼鈍を入れなくても帯状外観むらの生じない所望の表面性状が得られることがわかった。この「高Cr+Ti+Al」の相乗効果のメカニズムについて現時点では十分に解明されていないが、いずれにしてもCr含有量が22質量%レベルの鋼などでは得られない有利な効果である。ただし、Cr含有量が35質量%を超えると著しい脆化が生じ、薄板製造,建材への成形加工などの際に困難を伴う。
【0021】
TiはSを固定してMnSの生成による耐孔食性の低下を防ぐとともに、C,Nを固定して粒界腐食を防止する効果もある。本発明ではこれらの効果を有効に利用するためTiを0.05質量%以上含有させた鋼を対象とする。しかし、Ti含有量が多すぎるとクラスター状介在物TiNを生成し、素材の表面疵発生の原因となる。外装材の意匠性の観点から本発明ではTi含有量の上限を0.5質量%に制限する。
【0022】
MoはCrとの相乗作用で鋼の耐候性を高める効果があり、Cr含有量の高い鋼ほどその効果は顕著に現れる。またMoは溶液中に溶けてモリブデン酸イオンとなりインヒビターとして作用するので、仮に腐食が発生した場合でも腐食の進行を抑制する。しかし、約6質量%を超えるMoの添加は鋼を硬質にし、靱性が低下して薄板製造,建材への成形加工などで困難を伴うようになる。また、上記の有効な作用も6質量%を超える領域では飽和する。
【0023】
NbはTiとともにC,Nを固定する効果が大きく、フェライト系ステンレス鋼で問題となる粒界腐食の防止に有効である。Tiに比べ耐孔食性向上効果は小さいが、Tiとの複合添加により靱性改善効果が生じる。ただし、Nb含有量が約1質量%を超えると溶接部の靱性を阻害する。
【0024】
Nはステンレス鋼に不可避的に含まれる元素であるが、N含有量を低減すると鋼が軟質になり、加工性が向上する。しかし、本発明では焼鈍済み冷延鋼板の表面性状を適正化するためにNを積極的に利用する。NはTiとの共存によって非金属介在物を生じ、鋳造時に等軸晶の核生成を促す。後述するように、鋳造スラブ中の等軸晶率の増加は、焼鈍済み冷延鋼板の表面性状を好ましい状態にするうえで極めて有効となる。このため、本発明ではN含有量が0.005質量%以上の鋼を用いる必要があるが、N含有量が0.01質量%以上のものが一層望ましい。ただし、N含有量が0.025質量%を超えると非金属介在物TiNがクラスター化し、冷延後の表面疵を招くことになる。
【0025】
Cもステンレス鋼に不可避的に含まれる元素だが、本発明では0.015質量%以下に低減したものを用いる。C含有量の低減により鋼板は軟質になり加工性が向上する。炭化物の生成も少なくなる。溶接性および溶接部の耐食性も向上する。
【0026】
Alは高Cr鋼においてTiとの複合添加により、凝固組織の等軸晶化を促進し、焼鈍済み冷延鋼板の表面性状改善に寄与する。特にCr含有量が26質量%以上の鋼において、0.05質量%以上のTiとともに、Alを0.005質量%以上含有させると表面性状の改善効果が著しく高まり、中間焼鈍を含まずに冷間圧延しても帯状外観むらの生じない焼鈍済み冷延鋼板が得られる。このAlの作用は、Al含有量が0.005質量%未満ではほとんど認められない。これはAl量が低すぎるとAlの酸化物が十分に生成されないためと推察される。なお、このAlの作用をより一層安定して享受するためには、0.1質量%以上のAl含有が望ましい。ただし、Al含有量が0.3質量%を超えると粗大な介在物が生成して表面性状を損なう。
【0027】
Siは溶接部の高温割れや溶接部の靱性に対して有害であるので、1.0質量%以下が望ましい。
【0028】
Mnは可溶性硫化物MnSを形成して耐候性を劣化させるので本発明では有害な元素である。Mn含有量は1.0質量%以下が望ましい。
【0029】
Pは母材および溶接部の靱性を損なうので低いほど望ましいが、0.04質量%程度までは許容できる。
【0030】
Sは耐候性や溶接部の耐高温割れ性に悪影響を及ぼすので、0.01質量%以下が望ましい。
【0031】
以上の元素の他に、目的に応じて種々の成分元素を含有した鋼を使用することができる。例えば、鋼の靱性改善には0.6質量%以下のNi,あるいは0.3質量%以下のCo含有が有効である。亜硫酸ガス腐食環境下の建材に適用する場合には0.5質量%以下のCu含有が有効である。粒界腐食を防止するために0.3質量%以下のVを含有してもよい。
【0032】
本発明では、焼鈍済み冷延鋼板の表面性状を評価する指標として、先に定義した「圧延方向に直交する方向における鋼板表面の板幅内明度較差ΔL」を用いる。高耐候性フェライト系ステンレス鋼の焼鈍済み冷延鋼板において、この板幅内明度較差ΔLが5以下に調整されているとき、それを用いた外装建材では帯状外観むらの発生が認められないか、あるいは極めて軽度であるため問題にならないのである。逆にΔLが5を超える焼鈍済み冷延鋼板の場合は、建材に成形加工する前に調質圧延,ダル圧延,エンボス圧延,研磨などの各種仕上げ処理を施したとしても、帯状外観むらの発生を安定して防止することは極めて困難である。このΔLの規定は、光輝焼鈍肌または酸洗肌のいずれの焼鈍済み冷延鋼板についても同様に適用することができる。
【0033】
大量生産プロセスでは一般的に鋼板は鋼帯(コイル)として製造される。本発明における焼鈍済み冷延鋼板にも鋼帯が含まれる。その場合、必ずしも鋼帯の長手方向(=圧延方向)全長にわたって上記ΔLが5以下になっている必要はなく、また必ずしも鋼帯の全幅をΔL測定の「板幅全長」とする必要はない。目的とする建材用の鋼板(切り板)が採取できる長さ・幅にわたってΔLが5以下になっていればよい。例えば、一般的に鋼帯の長手方向端部(トップ部またはボトム(テール)部)や幅方向耳部(エッジ部)の近傍は所定の品質にならないことが多いが、そのような不良部分は通常切断除去され、残りの健全な部分が製品に利用される。一部にΔLに関する不良部分があっても、残りの部分が本発明に係る鋼板として利用可能な鋼帯であれば本発明の鋼板に含まれる。
【0034】
発明者らは、帯状外観むらの原因になる焼鈍済み冷延鋼板の表面凹凸形態を詳細に分析した結果、大きく2つの形態が支配的であることを突き止めた。1つは鋳造組織に起因した表面凹凸、もう1つは熱間圧延で生じる表面疵や肌荒れに起因した表面凹凸である。これらの原因を除去することで焼鈍済み冷延鋼板の板幅内明度較差ΔLを5以下に低減でき、その結果、帯状外観むらが防止できる。
【0035】
まず、鋳造組織は等軸晶化することが有効である。鋳造スラブ中の等軸晶率が15体積%以上になると、帯状外観むらの発生防止効果が認められる。等軸晶率が15体積%以上の鋳造スラブを得るには、前記のようにTiとNの含有量をコントロールして適量のTiNを生成させ、凝固時の核生成を促すことが有効である。同時に、鋳造温度と凝固点との温度差ΔTが60℃以下になるよう、鋳造条件をコントロールすることも効果的である。
【0036】
鋳造スラブの等軸晶率を20体積%以上にしたうえで、さらに熱間圧延を高温仕上げ・低温巻取りで行うことが鋳造組織の均一化に効果的である。種々検討の結果、最終パスにおける仕上げ圧延温度:830〜920℃、巻取り温度:450℃以下の条件で熱間圧延を行うことが望ましい。
【0037】
冷間圧延では中間焼鈍を入れることが鋳造組織の影響を無くすのに有効であり、通常そのような工程が採られる。ところが前述のように「26質量%以上の高Cr化」+「TiおよびAlの複合添加」を図った鋼では、中間焼鈍なしで冷間圧延を行っても帯状外観むらの発生防止能に優れた焼鈍済み冷延鋼板が得られる。
【0038】
次に、熱間圧延で生じる表面疵や肌荒れは、熱延鋼板または熱延焼鈍鋼板の表面を直接研磨することによって除去するのが効率的である。本発明では表面外観が厳しく要求される用途を目的とするため、表面の酸化皮膜の除去とともに、その下地組成の不均一部分をも除去する必要がある。これらを完全に除去しないとミクロ的に見て周囲とは異なる形態の表面凹凸を有する部分が圧延方向に沿って残り、帯状外観むらの原因になる。先に示した成分組成の鋼を一般的な工業的手法で熱延する場合、熱延鋼板または熱延焼鈍鋼板の表面を10μm以上研磨するすることによって、帯状外観むらにつながるこの種の表面凹凸は除去できる。ただし、あまり研磨番手の粗い砥石を用いると研磨目が残り、最終的な表面性状を損なう。#150以上の細かい研磨ベルトを使用することが望ましい。
【0039】
【実施例】
表1に示す化学組成のフェライト系ステンレス鋼を溶製し、通常の量産ラインにて板厚1.5mmの焼鈍済み冷延鋼板を得た。スラブは連続鋳造にて製造し、熱延鋼帯の板厚は最終板厚を揃えるために3.5〜6mmとした。ただし、鋼Bだけは実験室にて量産ラインに準じた条件で製造した。得られた焼鈍済み冷延鋼板についてΔLを測定した。それらの冷延済み焼鈍鋼板を屋外に持ち出し、板から約2m離れた位置から目視で外観を観察することによって帯状外観むらの発生状況を評価した。結果を表2に示す。表2中、ΔLは、No.7だけがBA後、その他は酸洗後の表面を測定したものである。帯状外観むらの評価は、×:圧延方向に平行な筋状あるいは帯状の模様がはっきり認められるもの、○:上記模様が認められないか、極めて軽微であるためほとんど目立たないものである。本発明規定の鋼組成および製造条件を満たすものは、いずれも帯状外観むらの評価が○であった。
【0040】
【表1】

Figure 0004347442
【0041】
【表2】
Figure 0004347442
【0042】
次に、表2のNo.6で得られた焼鈍済み冷延鋼板に種々の仕上げ処理を施し、各仕上げ処理後の板を屋外に持ち出し、前記と同様の方法で帯状外観むらの発生状況を評価した。また、各仕上げ処理後のサンプルについて、孔食電位およびCCT発銹率を求めた。孔食電位は20%NaCl水溶液,40℃,掃引速度20mV/minの条件、CCT発銹率は「塩水噴霧(5%NaCl,35℃,15分)→乾燥(60℃,30%RH,60分)→湿潤(50℃,95%RH,3時間)」を100サイクル実施の条件である。結果を表3に示す。表3中、dは、耐食性比較のために用いたSUS316の2B仕上げ材である。a,b,cは、焼鈍済み冷延鋼板の段階でΔLが5以下になっているものであるが、各種仕上げ処理を施した後においても帯状外観むらは評価○が得られた。これらは、SUS316よりかない高い耐食性を示した。
【0043】
【表3】
Figure 0004347442
【0044】
参考のため、図1に表2のNo.6で用いた連続鋳造スラブC-断面のマクロ組織写真(等軸晶率:32%)を、図2に同No.4で用いた同様の写真(等軸晶率:14%)を示しておく。いずれの写真も、上下がスラブの厚さ方向、左右が幅方向になっており、写真に写っているサンプルは幅方向の途中で切断してある。その切断面は写真の左側である。スラブ厚さはいずれも約190mmである。
【0045】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、外装建材施工後の外観において、鋼板の圧延方向に沿う帯状あるいは筋状のむらや模様が目立たない、意匠性に優れた高耐候性フェライト系ステンレス鋼板が提供できるようになった。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】発明例の連続鋳造スラブC-断面のマクロ組織写真である。
【図2】比較例の連続鋳造スラブC-断面のマクロ組織写真である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention, strip appearance unevenness hardly occurs when used in exterior building, a process for producing a highly corrosion resistant ferritic stainless steel sheet for exterior building materials.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Stainless steel is used as a typical corrosion-resistant material in various applications, but recently, steel types with high weather resistance have been developed, and the use of building materials such as roofs and exteriors is increasing. In these exterior building material applications, not only rusting and perforation due to corrosion does not occur, but also the appearance of the exterior after construction is required.
[0003]
Conventionally, as stainless steel for exterior building materials, austenitic steel types represented mainly by SUS304 and SUS316 have been used. These steel types have relatively high corrosion resistance among general-purpose stainless steels. However, there are also problems in terms of weather resistance, such as remarkable ignitance being observed in environments where sea salt particles are scattered, such as coastal areas. In addition, since austenitic stainless steel has a larger coefficient of thermal expansion than ferritic stainless steel, dimensions are restricted in consideration of the amount of expansion / contraction when applied to a long roof.
[0004]
On the other hand, ferritic general-purpose stainless steel basically has poor weather resistance as an exterior material. Taking typical SUS430 as an example, red rust occurs in a relatively short period of time even in a rural area where the corrosive environment is mild.
[0005]
In order to improve the weather resistance of ferritic stainless steel, it is effective to increase Cr or add Mo. High Cr ferritic stainless steels such as 22Cr-2Mo and 30Cr-2Mo have already been developed. These steel grades require C and N to be reduced to ensure workability and toughness. For example, SUS447J1 (30Cr-2Mo series) has strict regulations of C: 0.010% or less and N: 0.015% or less. ing.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
When such a high Cr ferritic stainless steel sheet with low C and N content is used for exterior building materials, it exhibits extremely excellent characteristics in terms of weather resistance. However, in the appearance after construction, there is a drawback that strips or streaks or patterns along the rolling direction of the steel sheet (called “strip-like appearance unevenness” in the present invention) are conspicuous, and this impairs the design of the building. May be. An object of the present invention is to provide a ferritic stainless steel sheet for exterior building materials that eliminates the drawbacks of such a high Cr ferritic stainless steel sheet and satisfies both “high weather resistance” and “beautiful appearance”. And
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the invention of claim 1 is, in mass%, C: 0.015% or less, Si: 1.0% or less, Mn: 1.0% or less, P: 0.04% or less, Ni: 0.6% or less, Cr : 16-35%, Ti: 0.05-0.5%, Al: 0-0.3% (including no addition), Mo: 6% or less, Cu: 0.5% or less, Nb: 0-1.0% (including no addition) , N: 0.005 to 0.025%, ferritic stainless steel consisting of the balance Fe and inevitable impurities , cast slab having an equiaxed crystal ratio of 15% by volume or more, finish rolling temperature in final pass: 830 to 920 ° C, winding Grinding temperature: Hot rolled under conditions of 450 ° C or less, and the surface of the obtained hot-rolled steel sheet or hot-rolled annealed steel sheet that has been annealed and pickled thereafter is polished 10 μm or more, and then one or more intermediate annealings rolled comprise cold, and further comprising a bright annealing or annealing-pickling from facilities to process, the plate width in lightness hidden surface of the steel sheet in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction L is 5 or less, a method for producing a superior exterior building materials for highly corrosion-resistant stainless steel in prevention ability of the strip appearance unevenness.
[0011]
The invention of claim 2 is the invention of claim 1 , wherein the ferritic stainless steel is , in mass%, C: 0.015% or less, Si: 1.0% or less, Mn: 1.0% or less, P: 0.04% or less, Ni : 0.6% or less, Cr: 26 to 35%, Ti: 0.05 to 0.5%, Al: 0.005 to 0.3%, Mo: 6% or less, Cu: 0.5% or less, Nb: 0 to 1.0% (including no addition) , N: 0.005 to 0.025%, the balance is changed to a composition comprising Fe and inevitable impurities , and the cold rolling method is changed to a method in which intermediate annealing is not included.
[0012]
The invention of claim 3 is the invention of claim 1 or 2 , in which, in particular, a cast slab having an equiaxed crystal ratio of 15% by volume or more has a temperature difference ΔT between a casting temperature and a freezing point of 60 ° C. or less. The point which is the obtained continuous casting slab is prescribed | regulated.
[0013]
In this specification, “bright annealed steel sheet” refers to a steel sheet having a surface skin formed by bright annealing performed after cold rolling, and “annealed / pickled steel sheet” refers to annealing → pickling performed after cold rolling. The steel sheet which has the formed surface skin is said. The “lightness difference ΔL within the sheet width in the direction orthogonal to the rolling direction” is a measurement when the lightness (L value) of the sheet surface is continuously measured over the entire sheet width in the direction orthogonal to the rolling direction. The difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of lightness (L value). When a part of the plate width is removed by a slit or the like in order to obtain a target building material, the plate width of the portion excluding the portion to be removed is defined as the “plate width overall length”.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
High weather resistance ferritic stainless steel sheets for exterior building materials are generally manufactured by the following process.
Melting → Casting → Hot rolling → Annealing / Pickling → Cold rolling (including intermediate annealing) → Bright annealing or annealing / Pickling Bright annealing steel plate or annealing / pickling steel plate thus obtained (both below) Is called “annealed cold-rolled steel sheet” and is processed into various building materials in the finished state as it is, or is further processed into building materials through various finishing treatments such as temper rolling, dull rolling, embossing rolling and polishing. .
[0015]
As a result of investigations by the inventors, it has been found that the “strip-like appearance unevenness” which is a problem in the appearance of a building is caused by minute unevenness on the surface of the steel sheet. The surface of the steel sheet should be flat in nature, but in reality, minute unevenness is caused by various factors. As long as the unevenness is uniformly distributed, it is not recognized as “unevenness” in appearance. However, a detailed investigation of the steel sheet exhibiting strip-like appearance irregularity revealed that a region with minute surface irregularities having a form different from the surroundings extends in a strip or streak along the rolling direction. It is considered that such a unique distribution form of the surface irregularities causes the uneven appearance of the belt-like appearance.
[0016]
In conventional exterior building materials using austenitic stainless steel, strip-like appearance unevenness hardly poses a problem. However, high weather resistance ferritic stainless steel sheets are often problematic. In this sense, it can be said that the strip-like appearance unevenness is a characteristic phenomenon in a highly weather-resistant ferritic stainless steel sheet.
[0017]
The inventors have investigated the relationship between the surface properties of the above-described annealed cold-rolled steel sheet and the occurrence of band-like appearance unevenness when it is installed outdoors in relation to the high weather resistance ferritic stainless steel. As a result, in both cases where the annealed cold-rolled steel sheet is installed outdoors and when it is installed outdoors after various finishing treatments, the state of occurrence of strip-like appearance unevenness is the surface texture of the annealed cold-rolled steel sheet. It turns out that it depends. That is, it has been found that the occurrence of strip-like appearance irregularities can be prevented with good reproducibility regardless of the subsequent finishing treatment if the surface properties are specific at the stage of the annealed cold-rolled steel sheet.
[0018]
As an index of the surface property, for example, a method of using “surface roughness” (Ra, Rmax, Rz, etc.) that directly indicates the surface roughness is considered. However, this method cannot accurately evaluate the occurrence of band-like appearance unevenness. The reason for this is that the band-like appearance unevenness captures the reflection unevenness of the outdoor ray as a visual sense, but the indicators such as Ra, Rmax, and Rz are indicators that can sufficiently express information on the reflection unevenness of the light ray (direction of reflection). It is possible that this is not the case. As a result of various investigations, the inventors have succeeded in evaluating the state of occurrence of band-like appearance unevenness with good reproducibility based on the previously defined “lightness difference ΔL within the sheet width in the direction orthogonal to the rolling direction”.
Hereinafter, the matter which specifies this invention is demonstrated.
[0019]
In the present invention, high weather resistance ferritic stainless steel is targeted. The main action of each component element is shown below.
[0020]
Cr is a basic element that enhances the corrosion resistance of stainless steel and significantly improves weather resistance, pitting corrosion resistance, crevice corrosion resistance, and general corrosion resistance. In the present invention, weather resistance is particularly important, and it is necessary to contain at least 16% by mass of Cr in order to maintain the weather resistance as an exterior material. In order to prevent drought in the coastal area effectively, a content of 26% by mass or more is desirable. In addition, when the Cr content is 26% by mass or more, it can be seen that the addition of appropriate amounts of Ti and Al can provide the desired surface properties that do not cause unevenness of the strip-like appearance even without intermediate annealing during cold rolling. It was. Although the mechanism of the synergistic effect of this “high Cr + Ti + Al” has not been fully elucidated at present, it is an advantageous effect that cannot be obtained with steel having a Cr content of 22% by mass in any case. However, when the Cr content exceeds 35% by mass, significant embrittlement occurs, which causes difficulties in the production of thin plates and the processing of building materials.
[0021]
Ti fixes S and prevents a decrease in pitting corrosion resistance due to the formation of MnS, and also has an effect of fixing C and N and preventing intergranular corrosion. In the present invention, in order to effectively use these effects, steel containing 0.05% by mass or more of Ti is targeted. However, if the Ti content is too large, cluster-like inclusions TiN are generated, which causes generation of surface flaws on the material. In the present invention, the upper limit of the Ti content is limited to 0.5% by mass from the viewpoint of the design properties of the exterior material.
[0022]
Mo has a synergistic effect with Cr and has an effect of improving the weather resistance of the steel, and the effect becomes more remarkable as the steel has a higher Cr content. In addition, Mo dissolves in the solution and becomes molybdate ions and acts as an inhibitor. Therefore, even if corrosion occurs, the progress of corrosion is suppressed. However, the addition of Mo in excess of about 6% by mass makes the steel hard and lowers the toughness, which makes it difficult to manufacture thin plates and form building materials. In addition, the above-mentioned effective action is saturated in the region exceeding 6% by mass.
[0023]
Nb has a large effect of fixing C and N together with Ti, and is effective in preventing intergranular corrosion, which is a problem in ferritic stainless steel. Although the effect of improving pitting corrosion resistance is smaller than that of Ti, the effect of improving toughness is produced by combined addition with Ti. However, if the Nb content exceeds about 1% by mass, the toughness of the welded portion is impaired.
[0024]
N is an element inevitably contained in the stainless steel, but if the N content is reduced, the steel becomes soft and the workability is improved. However, in the present invention, N is actively used to optimize the surface properties of the annealed cold-rolled steel sheet. N forms non-metallic inclusions when coexisting with Ti, and promotes nucleation of equiaxed crystals during casting. As will be described later, an increase in the equiaxed crystal ratio in the cast slab is extremely effective for making the surface properties of the annealed cold-rolled steel sheet a preferable state. For this reason, in the present invention, it is necessary to use steel having an N content of 0.005% by mass or more, but it is more desirable that the N content is 0.01% by mass or more. However, if the N content exceeds 0.025% by mass, the non-metallic inclusion TiN is clustered, resulting in surface defects after cold rolling.
[0025]
C is an element inevitably contained in stainless steel, but in the present invention, an element reduced to 0.015% by mass or less is used. By reducing the C content, the steel sheet becomes soft and workability is improved. There is less generation of carbides. The weldability and the corrosion resistance of the weld are also improved.
[0026]
Al contributes to the improvement of the surface properties of annealed cold-rolled steel sheets by promoting equiaxed crystallization of the solidified structure by the combined addition of Ti in high Cr steels. In particular, in steel with a Cr content of 26% by mass or more, when 0.05% by mass or more of Ti and 0.005% by mass or more of Al are included, the effect of improving the surface properties is remarkably enhanced, and cold rolling is performed without including intermediate annealing. Also, an annealed cold-rolled steel sheet with no strip-like appearance unevenness can be obtained. This effect of Al is hardly recognized when the Al content is less than 0.005% by mass. This is presumably because if the amount of Al is too low, sufficient oxide of Al is not generated. In order to enjoy the action of Al more stably, it is desirable that Al content is 0.1 mass% or more. However, if the Al content exceeds 0.3% by mass, coarse inclusions are generated and the surface properties are impaired.
[0027]
Since Si is detrimental to hot cracking of welds and toughness of welds, 1.0 mass% or less is desirable.
[0028]
Mn is a harmful element in the present invention because it forms soluble sulfide MnS and degrades the weather resistance. The Mn content is preferably 1.0% by mass or less.
[0029]
P is preferably as low as possible because it impairs the toughness of the base metal and the weld, but it is acceptable up to about 0.04% by mass.
[0030]
Since S adversely affects the weather resistance and hot crack resistance of welds, 0.01 mass% or less is desirable.
[0031]
In addition to the above elements, steel containing various component elements can be used depending on the purpose. For example, to improve the toughness of steel, it is effective to contain 0.6 mass% or less of Ni or 0.3 mass% or less of Co. When applied to building materials in a sulfurous acid gas corrosive environment, it is effective to contain 0.5% by mass or less of Cu. In order to prevent intergranular corrosion, 0.3 mass% or less of V may be contained.
[0032]
In the present invention, the previously defined “lightness difference ΔL within the width of the steel sheet surface in the direction orthogonal to the rolling direction” is used as an index for evaluating the surface properties of the annealed cold rolled steel sheet. In the annealed cold rolled steel sheet of high weather resistance ferritic stainless steel, when this lightness difference ΔL in the sheet width is adjusted to 5 or less, in the exterior building material using it, occurrence of band-like appearance unevenness is not recognized, Or because it is very mild, it is not a problem. Conversely, in the case of annealed cold-rolled steel sheets with ΔL exceeding 5, even if various finishing treatments such as temper rolling, dull rolling, embossing rolling, and polishing are performed before forming the building material, strip-like appearance unevenness occurs. It is extremely difficult to stably prevent this. This regulation of ΔL can be similarly applied to any cold-rolled steel sheet that has been annealed with bright annealing skin or pickled skin.
[0033]
In mass production processes, steel plates are generally manufactured as steel strips (coils). The annealed cold rolled steel sheet in the present invention also includes a steel strip. In that case, ΔL does not necessarily have to be 5 or less over the entire length in the longitudinal direction (= rolling direction) of the steel strip, and the entire width of the steel strip does not necessarily have to be the “plate width overall length” of ΔL measurement. It is only necessary that ΔL be 5 or less over the length and width of the target building material steel plate (cut plate). For example, in general, the length of the steel strip in the longitudinal direction (top or bottom (tail)) or the vicinity of the width direction ear (edge) often does not have a predetermined quality. It is usually cut off and the remaining healthy part is used for the product. Even if there is a defective portion relating to ΔL in part, the remaining portion is included in the steel plate of the present invention as long as it is a steel strip that can be used as the steel plate according to the present invention.
[0034]
As a result of detailed analysis of the surface unevenness form of the annealed cold-rolled steel sheet that causes the uneven appearance of the belt-like appearance, the inventors have found that the two forms are largely dominant. One is surface irregularities due to the cast structure, and the other is surface irregularities due to surface wrinkles and rough skin caused by hot rolling. By removing these causes, the lightness difference ΔL in the sheet width of the annealed cold-rolled steel sheet can be reduced to 5 or less, and as a result, uneven strip-like appearance can be prevented.
[0035]
First, it is effective to equiax the cast structure. When the equiaxed crystal ratio in the cast slab is 15% by volume or more, the effect of preventing the occurrence of band-like appearance unevenness is recognized. In order to obtain a cast slab having an equiaxed crystal ratio of 15% by volume or more, it is effective to control the contents of Ti and N to generate an appropriate amount of TiN and promote nucleation during solidification as described above. . At the same time, it is also effective to control the casting conditions so that the temperature difference ΔT between the casting temperature and the freezing point is 60 ° C. or less.
[0036]
It is effective to make the cast structure uniform by setting the equiaxed crystal ratio of the cast slab to 20% by volume or more and performing hot rolling by high temperature finishing and low temperature winding. As a result of various studies, it is desirable to perform hot rolling under conditions of a final rolling temperature of 830 to 920 ° C. and a winding temperature of 450 ° C. or less in the final pass.
[0037]
In cold rolling, intermediate annealing is effective to eliminate the influence of the cast structure, and such a process is usually employed. However, as described above, steel with a high Cr content of 26% by mass or more and the combined addition of Ti and Al is excellent in preventing the occurrence of strip-shaped unevenness even if cold rolling is performed without intermediate annealing. An annealed cold-rolled steel sheet is obtained.
[0038]
Next, it is efficient to remove the surface wrinkles and surface roughness caused by hot rolling by directly polishing the surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet or hot-rolled annealed steel sheet. Since the present invention is intended for applications that require a strict surface appearance, it is necessary to remove non-uniform portions of the underlying composition as well as the removal of the oxide film on the surface. If these are not completely removed, a portion having surface irregularities in a form different from the surroundings as viewed microscopically remains along the rolling direction, resulting in uneven strip-like appearance. When hot rolling the steel with the component composition shown above by a general industrial method, this kind of surface irregularity that leads to uneven strip appearance by polishing the surface of hot rolled steel sheet or hot rolled annealed steel sheet 10 μm or more Can be removed. However, if a grindstone with a coarse grinding count is used, polishing marks remain and the final surface properties are impaired. It is desirable to use a fine polishing belt of # 150 or more.
[0039]
【Example】
Ferritic stainless steel having the chemical composition shown in Table 1 was melted, and an annealed cold-rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 1.5 mm was obtained on a normal mass production line. The slab was manufactured by continuous casting, and the thickness of the hot-rolled steel strip was set to 3.5 to 6 mm to make the final thickness uniform. However, only steel B was manufactured in a laboratory under conditions according to the mass production line. ΔL was measured for the obtained annealed cold-rolled steel sheet. The cold-rolled annealed steel plates were taken out outdoors, and the appearance of the strip-like appearance unevenness was evaluated by visually observing the appearance from a position about 2 m away from the plate. The results are shown in Table 2. In Table 2, ΔL is the surface of No. 7 measured after BA, and the others were measured after pickling. The evaluation of the band-like appearance unevenness is: x: a streak-like or band-like pattern parallel to the rolling direction is clearly recognized, and ◯: the above pattern is not recognized or extremely inconspicuous because it is extremely slight. All of the steel compositions and production conditions stipulated by the present invention were evaluated as ◯ for the strip-like appearance unevenness.
[0040]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004347442
[0041]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004347442
[0042]
Next, the annealed cold-rolled steel sheet obtained in No. 6 of Table 2 was subjected to various finishing treatments, and the finished steel sheets were taken out to the outside. evaluated. Moreover, the pitting corrosion potential and the CCT occurrence rate were calculated | required about the sample after each finishing process. Pitting corrosion potential is 20% NaCl aqueous solution, 40 ℃, sweep rate 20mV / min, CCT rate is “salt spray (5% NaCl, 35 ℃, 15 minutes) → drying (60 ℃, 30% RH, 60 Min) → wet (50 ° C, 95% RH, 3 hours) "is the condition for 100 cycles. The results are shown in Table 3. In Table 3, d is a 2B finish of SUS316 used for comparison of corrosion resistance. a, b, and c are those in which ΔL is 5 or less at the stage of the annealed cold-rolled steel sheet, but the evaluation of the strip-like appearance unevenness was obtained even after various finishing treatments. These exhibited higher corrosion resistance than SUS316.
[0043]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004347442
[0044]
For reference, Fig. 1 shows a macro-structure photograph (equal crystal ratio: 32%) of the continuous cast slab C-section used in No. 6 in Table 2, and Fig. 2 shows a similar photograph used in No. 4 (Equiaxial crystal ratio: 14%) is shown. In both photographs, the upper and lower sides are in the thickness direction of the slab, and the left and right are in the width direction, and the sample shown in the photograph is cut in the middle of the width direction. The cut surface is on the left side of the photo. The slab thickness is about 190mm.
[0045]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, in the appearance after construction of exterior building materials, it is possible to provide a highly weather-resistant ferritic stainless steel sheet excellent in design, in which strip-like irregularities and patterns along the rolling direction of the steel sheet are inconspicuous. .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a macrostructure photograph of a continuously cast slab C-section of an inventive example.
FIG. 2 is a macrostructure photograph of a cross-section of a continuously cast slab C-cross section of a comparative example.

Claims (3)

質量%で、C:0.015%以下,Si:1.0%以下,Mn:1.0%以下,P:0.04%以下,Ni:0.6%以下,Cr:16〜35%,Ti:0.05〜0.5%,Al:0〜0.3%(無添加を含む),Mo:6%以下Cu:0.5%以下,Nb:0〜1.0%(無添加を含む),N:0.005〜0.025%、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなるフェライト系ステンレス鋼の、等軸晶率が15体積%以上である鋳造スラブを、最終パスにおける仕上げ圧延温度:830〜920℃,巻取り温度:450℃以下の条件で熱間圧延し、得られた熱延鋼板またはその後に焼鈍・酸洗を施した熱延焼鈍鋼板の表面を10μm以上研磨し、次いで、1回以上の中間焼鈍を含んで冷間圧延し、さらに光輝焼鈍または焼鈍・酸洗を施す工程からなる、圧延方向に直交する方向における鋼板表面の板幅内明度較差ΔL5以下である、帯状外観むらの発生防止能に優れた外装建材用高耐食性ステンレス鋼板の製造方法。In mass%, C: 0.015% or less, Si: 1.0% or less, Mn: 1.0% or less, P: 0.04% or less, Ni: 0.6% or less, Cr: 16 to 35%, Ti: 0.05 to 0.5%, Al: 0 to 0.3% (including no addition), Mo: 6% or less , Cu: 0.5% or less, Nb: 0 to 1.0% (including no addition), N: 0.005 to 0.025% , balance Fe and inevitable impurities A cast slab of ferritic stainless steel with an equiaxed crystal ratio of 15% by volume or more is hot-rolled under conditions of a final rolling temperature of 830 to 920 ° C and a winding temperature of 450 ° C or less in the final pass. The surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet or hot-rolled annealed steel sheet that has been annealed and pickled thereafter is polished 10 μm or more, then cold-rolled, including one or more intermediate annealings, and further bright annealing or annealing / acid comprising washing the facilities to process, the plate width in lightness hidden ΔL of the steel sheet surface in a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction is 5 or less, of the band-like appearance unevenness occurs proof Excellent method for producing a high corrosion resistant stainless steel sheet for exterior building materials ability. 質量%で、C:0.015%以下,Si:1.0%以下,Mn:1.0%以下,P:0.04%以下,Ni:0.6%以下,Cr:26〜35%,Ti:0.05〜0.5%,Al:0.005〜0.3%,Mo:6%以下Cu:0.5%以下,Nb:0〜1.0%(無添加を含む),N:0.005〜0.025%、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなるフェライト系ステンレス鋼の、等軸晶率が15体積%以上である鋳造スラブを、最終パスにおける仕上げ圧延温度:830〜920℃,巻取り温度:450℃以下の条件で熱間圧延し、得られた熱延鋼板またはその後に焼鈍・酸洗を施した熱延焼鈍鋼板の表面を10μm以上研磨し、次いで、中間焼鈍を含まずに冷間圧延し、さらに光輝焼鈍または焼鈍・酸洗を施す工程からなる、圧延方向に直交する方向における鋼板表面の板幅内明度較差ΔL5以下である、帯状外観むらの発生防止能に優れた外装建材用高耐食性ステンレス鋼板の製造方法。In mass%, C: 0.015% or less, Si: 1.0% or less, Mn: 1.0% or less, P: 0.04% or less, Ni: 0.6% or less, Cr: 26 to 35%, Ti: 0.05 to 0.5%, Al: 0.005 to 0.3%, Mo: 6% or less , Cu: 0.5% or less, Nb: 0 to 1.0% (including no additive), N: 0.005 to 0.025% , ferritic stainless steel consisting of the balance Fe and inevitable impurities A hot-rolled steel sheet obtained by hot rolling a cast slab having an equiaxed crystal ratio of 15% by volume or more under conditions of a final rolling temperature in the final pass: 830 to 920 ° C. and a winding temperature: 450 ° C. or less then the surface of the hot-rolled annealed steel sheet annealed, pickled and polished than 10μm, the then cold rolling without the intermediate annealing, further comprising a bright annealing or annealing-pickling from facilities to process, rolling plate width in lightness hidden ΔL of the steel sheet surface in a direction perpendicular to the direction is 5 or less, and high for good exterior building materials in prevention ability of strip appearance unevenness A method for producing a corrosion-resistant stainless steel sheet. 等軸晶率が15体積%以上である鋳造スラブが、鋳造温度と凝固点との温度差ΔTを60℃以下にすることによって得られた連続鋳造スラブである、請求項またはに記載の製造方法。The production according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the cast slab having an equiaxed crystal ratio of 15% by volume or more is a continuous cast slab obtained by setting a temperature difference ΔT between a casting temperature and a freezing point to 60 ° C or less. Method.
JP30796398A 1998-10-29 1998-10-29 Method for producing highly corrosion-resistant stainless steel sheet for exterior building materials with excellent ability to prevent occurrence of band-like appearance unevenness Expired - Fee Related JP4347442B2 (en)

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