JP4355072B2

JP4355072B2 - Separation and collection method and apparatus for communication equipment

Info

Publication number: JP4355072B2
Application number: JP36525099A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 孝治松田; 寿佐々木
Original assignee: Dowa Holdings Co Ltd; Dowa Mining Co Ltd
Current assignee: Dowa Holdings Co Ltd
Priority date: 1999-12-22
Filing date: 1999-12-22
Publication date: 2009-10-28
Anticipated expiration: 2019-12-22
Also published as: JP2001179221A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は不要になった携帯電話機等通信機器に含有される金、銀、銅等有価金属の回収に先んじて前記通信機器から金属類を含む基板部を物理的に効率的に分離回収する方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
近年、携帯電話機に代表される通信機器が大量に製造されるようになり、一方で、不要となった分、あるいはロックアウト品が大量に廃棄対象となり、その処理が問題視されるようになってきている。これらは成分構成上、廃自動車のように鉄系の金属部が大部分を占めるものでもなく、また廃冷蔵庫、廃洗濯機等の廃家電製品のように鉄系あるいは非鉄系有価金属とプラスチックやガラス部が複雑に絡み合っているものでもなく、内蔵されている充電器や電池部分を除いた本体は、単純にプラスチックとガラス等非金属類を主体としたケース部と基板部とに分かれている。基板部には磁石等を含む鉄系金属のほか、金、銀、パラジウムあるいは銅というような高価な非鉄金属が含有されており、その効率的な回収が検討されている状況にある。
【０００３】
廃携帯電話機に含有される有価金属の回収における前処理としては、従来、廃家電製品等のように手選別後、焼却工程と破砕工程を連係させた処理、あるいは、手選別を行わず、シュレッダのようなせん断型破砕と各種選別工程からなる処理によって行われているのが一般的であるが、せん断型破砕後、分別しないで直接製錬工程に投入される場合もある。上記有価金属の回収における前処理工程として焼却手段を取り入れるのは、減量化、減容化、無害化、次工程での取扱い易さ等の理由によるものである。焼却後は、引続き破砕または粉砕により必要粒度まで細粒化した後、磁力、渦電流、風力、比重、篩等の選別手段により金属類と非金属類とを分離するようにしている。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、廃携帯電話機のような金属類とプラスチック・ガラスとがそれぞれ単純に中心部の基板部と外部ケース部に分かれているような複合材の場合において、廃家電製品のようにシュレッダ等によるせん断型破砕を行うと、被処理材を選別手段に合わせてその選別粒度まで細粒化するため、プラスチック・ガラス類も必然的に必要以上に細粒化される傾向にあり、そのリサイクル利用に問題がある他に、有価金属の回収に関しては破砕後の分別方法を複雑にし、単純な磁力選別程度では、有価金属の回収率が十分ではなかった。また、焼却工程を取り入れる場合においても、焼却コストがかかると共に、プラスチックのリサイクル利用が焼却や細粒化により阻害されるという問題もあり、さらに、焼却時の燃焼条件によっては基板のまわりにプラスチックが粘り着き、破砕工程での取り扱いにマイナスの要因となるという問題があった。またさらには、焼却工程には金属単体や金属化合物の揮発あるいは物理的な飛散によるロスを伴うという問題もあった。
【０００５】
以上のような問題点に鑑み、本発明は、被処理材のプラスチック類を必要以上に細粒化することなく取り除いて焼却を避けることで、プラスチックの回収が可能で、したがって焼却費見合いのコストの低減が可能になると共に、有価金属を物理的にかつ効率的に分別できる簡単な携帯電話機等通信機器の分別回収方法およびその装置の提供を目的とするものである。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は、その目的を達成するべく鋭意研究の結果、基板部とケース部とからなる通信機器本体をそのまま衝撃型破砕機、例えばボールミルに投入し、ケース部と基板部とに解体分離させること、さらに、この解体物について、磁石による吸引力とフィーダーベルトによる運動慣性力を作用させて磁着物と非磁着物とに分別する選別機（以下、磁気・慣性選別機という）、例えば渦電流選別機に供給し、該渦電流選別機においてそのロータを回転させないでフィードベルトの回転速度を早くすることにより、ケース部のプラスチック・ガラス類をその運動慣性力で遠方に飛ばし、磁気吸引力の作用で比較的手前側に落下する金属類と分離させることが可能でかつかなりの分別効果を有することを見いだし、また、この渦電流選別機の前後に磁力選別機等分級手段を組み合わせることにより前記分別効果をさらに高め、金属類を主体とする基板部を効率的に回収できることを見いだし、本発明を提供するに至ったものである。
【０００７】
すなわち、本発明は、第１に、通信機器を衝撃型破砕機に投入して金属類を多く含む基板部とプラスチック・ガラス類を主体とするケース部との分離解体物を得る解体工程と、該解体工程からの分離解体物を磁気選別機に供給して磁着物と非磁着物とに分別する磁気選別工程と、該磁気選別工程からの非磁着物を磁気・慣性選別機に供給し、該磁気・慣性選別機における磁石の吸引力が作用する磁着物と運動慣性力を付与された非磁着物とを落下位置により分別する磁気・慣性選別工程と、該磁気・慣性選別工程からの非磁着物を篩別機に供給して篩下分と篩上分とに分別する篩別工程とからなり、前記磁気選別工程からの磁着物と前記磁気・慣性選別工程からの磁着物と前記篩別工程からの篩下分を金属類を含む基板部として回収することを特徴とする通信機器の分別回収方法を、第２に、前記衝撃型破砕機がボールミルであることを特徴とする前記第１に記載の通信機器の分別回収方法を、第３に、前記磁気・慣性選別機が、渦電流選別機における磁石を周設したロータの停止状態でフィーダーベルトを回転させることによりなる選別機であることを特徴とする前記第１または第２に記載の通信機器の分別回収方法を、第４に、前記磁気選別工程が、常磁力磁気選別機と高磁力磁気選別機との連係による選別工程からなることを特徴とする前記第１〜第３のいずれかに記載の通信機器の分別回収方法を、第５に、通信機器を受け入れて金属類を多く含む基板部とプラスチック・ガラス類を主体とするケース部とに解体分離するボールミルと、該ボールミルから分離解体物を受け入れて磁着物と非磁着物とに分別する磁気選別機と、磁石を周設したロータにドラムを介してフィーダーベルトを掛け渡してなり、前記磁気選別機から非磁着物を受け入れて前記フィーダーベルトを回転させることにより磁石による吸引力とフィーダーベルトによる運動慣性力を作用させて磁着物と非磁着物とに分別する磁気・慣性選別機と、該磁気・慣性選別機からの非磁着物を受け入れて、篩下分と篩上分とに分別する篩別機とからなり、前記磁気選別機からの磁着物と前記磁気・慣性選別機からの磁着物と前記篩別機からの篩下分とからなる金属類を含む基板部の回収を行うことを特徴とする通信機器の分別回収装置を、第６に、前記磁気選別機が、常磁力磁気選別機と高磁力磁気選別機とからなることを特徴とする前記第５記載の通信機器の分別回収装置を、第７に、前記磁気・慣性選別機が渦電流選別機であることを特徴とする前記第５または第６に記載の通信機器の分別回収装置を提供する。
【０００８】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の処理方法を、廃携帯電話機を対象とした図１のフロー図を参照して説明する。
前記したように、廃携帯電話機本体は、プラスチック・ガラス類を主体とするケース部と金属類を多く含む基板部とからなる。ケース部と基板部の解体分離のため元鉱として多数の廃携帯電話機を一括的に衝撃型破砕機、例えばボールミルに投入する。
【０００９】
このボールミルによる破砕は、あくまでも廃携帯電話機を解体してケース部と基板部とに分離し、基板部を物理的に回収し易くすることに目的があり、せん断型破砕機または圧縮型粉砕機のように、細粒化することを目的とするものではない。ここでシュレッダやせん断タイプの堅型粉砕機を用いると、粉砕物が必要以上に細かくなり過ぎ、後記する実施例とその比較例で示すとおり有価金属の回収率が下がる。したがって、圧壊力が比較的弱く、また調整し易いボールミル等を使用してその解体分離を行う。
このボールミル等の衝撃型破砕機による粗めの解体で、廃携帯電話機の基板は殆どそのままの形状を保つか、一部が破損した程度の状態でケース部と分離される。シュレッダやせん断タイプの堅型粉砕機は、押圧力作用でプラスチック類を圧潰し易く、また、せん断作用による破砕度が進行し易いので不利である。
【００１０】
ボールミルの運転条件設定は、主としてボールミルの回転数と破砕時間によって行う。廃携帯電話機および鉄球の挿入割り合いにより異なるが、３０分程度の短時間で、できるだけ高速の回転（上限）で行うことが次工程の磁力選別工程との関連から、有価金属の回収が効率的で好ましい。
【００１１】
前記ボールミルによって得られる分離解体物中の基板部には磁石、その他鉄系金属が含まれており、本発明の方法および装置においては主としてこの鉄系金属を利用して基板部の回収を行う。すなわち、常磁力磁気選別機と高磁力磁気選別機および磁気・慣性選別機により回収する。ただし、磁気・慣性選別機は磁石を周設したロータにドラムを介してフィーダーベルトを掛け渡した構造であればよく、例えば渦電流選別機をロータを停止させた状態で用いてもよい。
すなわち、ボールミルによる分離解体物はそのまま、１３００ガウス程度の常磁力磁気選別機にかけ、強磁性の鉄系金属分の磁着により基板部を回収する。この磁着物にはプラスチック・ガラス類の一部も混合しているがそのまま精鉱として回収する。
【００１２】
この常磁力磁気選別機の尾鉱としての非磁着物には、大部分の金属類が含まれる基板部がプラスチック・ガラス類と共に含まれており、さらに７０００ガウス程度の高磁力磁機選別機に供給する。この高磁力磁気選別機で得られた磁着物は非鉄金属をも含む基板部でプラスチック・ガラス類の一部を含むが精鉱として回収する。
常磁力磁気選別機と高磁力磁気選別機とのみの磁気選別では、基板部の回収は十分ではなく、高磁力磁気選別機の尾鉱分の非磁着物には、磁気選別機の機能や被選別物の形状や粒度に起因して物理的に跳ね返ったもの等、なおも磁性を持つ鉄系金属を非鉄金属類と共に含む基板部が残っており、さらに、磁気・慣性選別機に供給する。
【００１３】
この磁気・慣性選別機について、ここでは渦電流選別機を利用した方法で説明する。渦電流選別機においては、図２に示したように、外周に極性が交互に変化するように複数の磁石１ａ，１ｂを配置したロータ１と駆動ローラ２とを一対に配置し、ロータ１の外周にはドラム３を褶動自在に周接させて、駆動ローラ２との間に、エンドレスにフィードベルト４を掛け渡してある。そして、通常用途では、ロータ１をドラム３と同方向あるいは反対方向に回転させ、フィードベルト４で運ばれてきた被選別物ａ中の導電性の金属粒体をロータ１の上部で渦電流による磁気反発力を利用してはね飛ばし、磁気作用を受けずにそのまま落下する非金属（カーボンを除く）の粒体と分別できるようにした装置になっている。
【００１４】
しかしながら、本発明の分別回収処理では、この渦電流選別機を磁気・慣性選別機として機能させ、ロータ１は回転させずにドラム３を介して掛け渡したフィードベルト４のみを回転させるようにしている。すなわち、装置前方に仕切り板５を設け、フィードベルト４の速度を最大状態に上げることにより、フィードベルト４上の被選別物ａに大きな運動慣性力を付与させる。それによって、被選別物ａ中の金属類を含む基板部（磁着物）ｂには運動慣性力と共に弱いながらも磁性を有する鉄系金属に対するロータ１の磁石の吸引力が働き、仕切り板５の手前側に落下させる一方、磁性を有しないプラスチック・ガラス類からなるケース部（非磁着物）ｃには、運動慣性力のみの作用が働き、仕切り板５の遠方側に飛ばされるので、両者を容易に分別することができる。
【００１５】
この渦電流選別機からの非磁着物ｃには細片状の基板部および金属片が含まれるので、振動スクリーンによる篩別機にかける。振動スクリーンの網目は４．７５ｍｍが適当である。すなわち、渦電流選別機からの非磁着物について９．５ｍｍと４．７５ｍｍの篩目のスクリーンを用いてＡｕ、Ａｇ、Ｐｄ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅという有価金属の分布率を調査したところによれば、４．７５ｍｍの篩下分において最も分布率が良好である。
【００１６】
この篩別機による篩下分を上記渦電流選別機を利用した磁気・慣性選別機を含めた磁気選別による磁着物に加えることにより、上記有価金属の回収率はいずれも９０％以上となる。
各選別工程からの精鉱分は製錬工程に投入可能なものとなる。また、この篩別機による篩上分は、本発明の分別回収処理における最終尾鉱となるが、殆どがプラスチック・ガラス類で占められ、プラスチック材の回収が可能なものとなる。
【００１７】
【実施例】
図１のフローに従って廃携帯電話機の分別回収処理を行った、
直径０．６ｍφ×長さ１．０ｍのボールミルを用い、７０ｍｍφの鉄球を２００ｋｇ（３３．２容量％）を投入した。また、廃携帯電話機を元鉱として１０ｋｇを投入して、投入物総容量を３９．５容量％とした。ボールミル回転数をこのボールミルの限界回転数の５３ｒｐｍとし、破砕時間を２５分とした。
【００１８】
得られた破砕物を１３００ガウスの常磁力磁気選別機にかけ、強磁性金属を対象とした磁力選別を行った。その結果、プラスチックとガラスを一部含む基板部からなる磁着物が精鉱として元鉱の８．３重量％の量で回収された。
【００１９】
残りの９１．７重量％の非磁着物（尾鉱）を７０００ガウスの高磁力磁気選別機にかけてさらに磁力選別した。その結果、プラスチック・ガラスを一部含む基板部からなる磁着物が精鉱として元鉱の１４．２重量％の量で回収された。
【００２０】
残りの７７．５重量％の非磁着物を図２に示す磁気・慣性選別機である渦電流選別機のフィードベルト４に被選別物ａとして供給した。この渦電流選別機は、ロータ１を回転させずフィードベルト４の速度を９０ｍ／分とした。なお、基板部（磁着物）ｂとケース部（非磁着物）ｃを分別する仕切り板５はロータ端から前方１００ｍｍの位置とした。フィードベルトに供給された金属類を含む基板部ｂは、含有する鉄系金属によりロータに吸引され、フィードベルト４の進行に伴い、渦電流選別機のロータ１に近い手前側に落下し、プラスチック等ケース部ｃはフィードベルト４の進行に伴う運動慣性力によってロータ１から仕切り板５の遠方側に投げ出される状態となった。
【００２１】
この磁気・慣性選別機すなわち渦電流選別機による選別により、プラスチック・ガラスを一部含む基板部からなる磁着物が精鉱として元鉱の４５．３重量％の量で回収された。
残りの３２．２重量％の非磁着物（尾鉱）についてもなお微細な金属類がみられたので、さらに、４．７５ｍｍ網目の振動スクリーンによる篩別機にかけた。篩下分として元鉱の７．０重量％の精鉱が回収された。
残りの篩上分として元鉱の２５．２重量％のものが得られたが、この分は尾鉱（廃滓）とした。この尾鉱は殆どがプラスチック・ガラス類であり、この尾鉱からのプラスチックの回収は可能である。
【００２２】
以上のように、常磁力磁気選別機による磁着物と高磁力磁気選別機による磁着物と磁気・慣性選別機による磁着物と篩別機による篩下分を回収して精鉱としたが、その回収率は、元鉱の７４．８重量％の量になった。
【００２３】
元鉱と各分別工程の産物すなわち磁着物と篩下分の各精鉱および非磁着物と篩上分の各尾鉱について、有価非鉄金属の品位を分析調査した。その分析結果および元鉱を１００％とした場合の成分分布率を表１〜表５に示した。
また、表６に、有価非鉄金属について、各工程で得られた精鉱を総合した場合の品位と元鉱を１００％とした場合の成分分布率を示した。元鉱の品位と最終尾鉱の品位とその成分分布率をも併記した。
【００２４】
【比較例】
実施例と同ロットの廃携帯電話機をボールミルの代わりに１０ｍｍ目篩付き竪型破砕機（せん断タイプ）にかけ、１０ｍｍ径以下にした以外は、実施例と同様の分別回収を行った。有価非鉄金属の回収結果を表７に示した。
【００２５】
【表１】

【００２６】
【表２】

【００２７】
【表３】

【００２８】
【表４】

【００２９】
【表５】

【００３０】
【表６】

【００３１】
【表７】

【００３２】
本発明の分別回収方法において、破砕にボールミルを用いることで、せん断タイプの堅型粉砕機と比較し、被処理材を必要以上に細粒化することなく、有価金属を物理的にかつ効率的に分別できる。
また、常磁力磁選機および高磁力磁選機のみでは基板部が十分に回収されないが、この磁選工程を経由した尾鉱を対象とした磁気・慣性選別機では、４５％以上回収され、含まれる有価非鉄金属の成分分布率からわかるように、元鉱の過半数を超える量の有価非鉄金属が回収されている。これに、篩別機による回収精鉱を合わせると元鉱中の有価非鉄金属はその９０％以上が濃縮されて回収されたことになる。
【００３３】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、廃携帯通信機器をボールミル、磁気選別機、磁気・慣性選別機、篩別機（振動スクリーン）で分別回収する本発明によれば、効率よく金属類を含む基板部とプラスチック・ガラス類を含むケース部とに分別することができるという効果を奏する。
本発明によれば、基本的にプラスチック・ガラス部を粉砕する必要がないので、エネルギー使用の低減につながるという効果が得られる。また、複雑な回収工程を必要とせず磁選機のみで有価非鉄金属を十分に回収できるという効果が得られる。
本発明によれば、焼却工程がないので、プラスチックの有効利用の可能性が開け、また、焼却に伴うコストおよび金属や化合物の揮発、飛散を考える必要がないという効果が得られる。
本発明によれば、磁気・慣性選別機の利用、例えば渦電流選別の条件設定により被処理物への対応範囲が比較的大きいという効果が期待できる。
さらに。磁気選別工程において、常磁力磁気選別機と高磁力磁気選別機との２段階で磁気選別を行うことにより、さらに効率的に分別回収ができるという効果が得られる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】実施例による本発明の方法のフロー図である。
【図２】本発明で使用される磁気・慣性選別機（渦電流選別機）の略側面図である。
【符号の説明】
１ロータ
１ａ磁石
１ｂ磁石
２駆動ローラ
３ドラム
４フィードベルト
５仕切り板
ａ被選別物
ｂ基板部
ｃケース部[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a method for physically and efficiently separating and recovering a substrate part containing metals from the communication device prior to recovery of valuable metals such as gold, silver, copper, etc. contained in communication devices such as mobile phones that are no longer needed. About.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, a large amount of communication devices typified by mobile phones have been manufactured, and on the other hand, a portion that is no longer needed or a large amount of lockout products are subject to disposal, and its processing has become a problem. It is coming. These components are not composed mainly of iron-based metal parts such as scrap automobiles, and iron-based or non-ferrous valuable metals and plastics, such as waste home appliances such as waste refrigerators and waste washing machines. The glass part is not intricately intertwined, and the main body, excluding the built-in charger and battery part, is simply divided into a case part and substrate part mainly made of non-metal such as plastic and glass. . In addition to ferrous metals including magnets and the like, the substrate portion contains expensive non-ferrous metals such as gold, silver, palladium, or copper, and the efficient recovery thereof is under consideration.
[0003]
Conventionally, pre-processing for recovery of valuable metals contained in waste mobile phones is a shredder that does not perform manual sorting, or a process that links the incineration and crushing processes after manual sorting, such as waste home appliances. In general, it is carried out by a process comprising a shearing type crushing and various sorting processes as described above. However, after the shearing type crushing, it may be directly put into the smelting process without separation. The reason for incorporating incineration means as a pretreatment step in the recovery of valuable metals is due to reasons such as weight reduction, volume reduction, detoxification, and ease of handling in the next step. After the incineration, the metal and non-metals are separated by a selection means such as magnetic force, eddy current, wind force, specific gravity, sieve, etc.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the case of a composite material in which metals such as a waste mobile phone and plastic glass are simply separated into a central substrate and an outer case, respectively, shearing due to a shredder or the like like a waste home appliance. When mold crushing is performed, the material to be treated is refined to the selected particle size in accordance with the sorting means, so plastics and glass tend to be finer than necessary, and this is a problem in recycling. In addition, regarding the recovery of valuable metals, the separation method after crushing is complicated, and the recovery rate of valuable metals is not sufficient with a simple magnetic sorting. In addition, in the case of incorporating an incineration process, incineration costs are incurred, and there are problems that the recycling of plastic is hindered by incineration and finer particles. Furthermore, depending on the combustion conditions at the time of incineration, there is plastic around the substrate. There was a problem that it became sticky and became a negative factor in handling in the crushing process. Furthermore, there has been a problem that the incineration process involves loss due to volatilization or physical scattering of a single metal or a metal compound.
[0005]
In view of the problems as described above, the present invention can recover plastic by removing plastics to be processed without making particles more fine than necessary and avoiding incineration. It is an object of the present invention to provide a simple separation and collection method for communication equipment such as a mobile phone and an apparatus thereof capable of physically and efficiently separating valuable metals.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of earnest research to achieve the object, the present inventors put the communication device body consisting of the substrate part and the case part into an impact crusher, for example, a ball mill, and disassembled and separated into the case part and the substrate part. In addition, the dismantled product is subjected to a magnetic attractive force and a magnetic inertia force of the feeder belt to act on a magnetic separator and a non-magnetic material separator (hereinafter referred to as a magnetic / inertial separator), for example, a vortex By supplying the current to the current sorter and increasing the rotational speed of the feed belt without rotating the rotor in the eddy current sorter, the plastic and glass of the case part is moved away by the moving inertia force, and the magnetic attraction force It can be separated from metals that fall relatively to the front side by the action of this, and it has been found that it has a considerable separation effect, and before and after this eddy current sorter Further enhance the separation effect by combining magnetic separator aliquoted class means, found that the substrate portion composed mainly of metals can be efficiently recovered, it has been led to provide a present invention.
[0007]
That is, the present invention firstly, a dismantling step of obtaining a separate dismantled product of a substrate part containing a large amount of metals and a case part mainly composed of plastics and glasses by putting communication equipment into an impact crusher; A magnetic separation step of separating the separated and dismantled product from the dismantling step into a magnetic separator and separating the magnetically separated product into a non-magnetized product; and supplying the non-magnetized product from the magnetic sorting step to a magnetic / inertial sorter; In the magnetic / inertia sorter, a magnetic / inertia sorting step of separating a magnetically applied material on which a magnet's attractive force acts and a non-magnetically attached material to which a moving inertial force is applied according to a drop position; A magnetic separation product that is supplied to a sieving machine and is separated into an under-sieving portion and an over-sieving portion, and the magnetic attachment material from the magnetic separation step, the magnetic attachment material from the magnetic / inertial separation step, and the sieve Collecting the sieving portion from another process as a substrate containing metal Secondly, the communication device separation and collection method according to the first aspect, wherein the impact crusher is a ball mill, and the communication device separation and collection method according to the first, the third The sorter of the communication device according to the first or second aspect, wherein the inertia sorter is a sorter formed by rotating a feeder belt in a stopped state of a rotor around which a magnet is provided in the eddy current sorter. Fourthly, according to any one of the first to third methods, the magnetic sorting step includes a sorting step by linking a paramagnetic magnetic sorter and a high magnetic force magnetic sorter. Fifth, according to a method for separating and collecting communication devices, a ball mill that receives communication devices and disassembles and separates them into a substrate part containing a large amount of metals and a case part mainly composed of plastics and glass, received A magnetic sorter that separates magnetically-attached and non-magnetically-attached articles, and a feeder belt that spans a rotor around a magnet through a drum. The feeder belt receives non-magnetically-attached articles from the magnetic sorter. The magnetic / inertial sorter that separates the magnetically and non-magnetically-attached materials by applying the attractive force of the magnet and the moving inertial force of the feeder belt by rotating the magnet, and accepts the non-magnetically-attached materials from the magnetic / inertial sorter And a sieving machine for separating the sieving part and the sieving part, a magnetic deposit from the magnetic sorter, a magnetic deposit from the magnetic / inertial sorter, and a sieving fraction from the sieving machine, A communication device separation and recovery device characterized in that the substrate portion containing the metals including the above is recovered. Sixth, the magnetic sorter comprises a paramagnetic separator and a high magnetic separator. The communication according to claim 5, characterized in that According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a separation / collection device for communication equipment according to the fifth or sixth aspect, wherein the magnetic / inertial sorter is an eddy current sorter.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The processing method of the present invention will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
As described above, the waste mobile phone main body is composed of the case portion mainly composed of plastics and glasses and the substrate portion containing a large amount of metals. In order to disassemble and separate the case portion and the substrate portion, a large number of waste mobile phones are collectively put into an impact crusher, for example, a ball mill, as a source ore.
[0009]
The purpose of this ball mill crushing is to dismantle the waste mobile phone and separate it into a case part and a substrate part to facilitate physical recovery of the substrate part. Thus, it is not intended to make fine particles. Here, when a shredder or a shear type solid pulverizer is used, the pulverized product becomes too fine as necessary, and the recovery rate of valuable metals decreases as shown in Examples and Comparative Examples described later. Therefore, the disintegration and separation are performed using a ball mill or the like that has a relatively weak crushing force and is easy to adjust.
By rough dismantling with an impact type crusher such as a ball mill, the substrate of the waste mobile phone is kept in its original shape or separated from the case part in a state where a part thereof is damaged. Shredders and shear-type solid pulverizers are disadvantageous because they tend to crush plastics with a pressing force and the degree of crushing due to the shearing tends to proceed.
[0010]
The operation condition of the ball mill is set mainly by the rotation speed and crushing time of the ball mill. Although it depends on the insertion ratio of waste mobile phones and iron balls, it is efficient to recover valuable metals in relation to the magnetic separation process in the next process in as little as 30 minutes and at the highest possible rotation (upper limit). And preferred.
[0011]
The substrate part in the separated and dismantled product obtained by the ball mill contains a magnet and other iron-based metal. In the method and apparatus of the present invention, the substrate part is recovered mainly using this iron-based metal. That is, they are collected by a paramagnetic separator, a high magnetic separator, and a magnetic / inertial separator. However, the magnetic / inertial sorter may have a structure in which a feeder belt is passed through a drum around a rotor around which a magnet is provided. For example, an eddy current sorter may be used in a state where the rotor is stopped.
That is, the separated and dismantled product by the ball mill is directly applied to a paramagnetic separator of about 1300 gauss, and the substrate portion is recovered by magnetic attachment of a ferromagnetic iron-based metal. A part of the plastic and glass is mixed in this magnetic deposit, but it is recovered as it is.
[0012]
The non-magnetized material as the tailing of this paramagnetic magnetic sorter includes a substrate part containing most of the metals together with plastics and glass, and further to a high magnetic force magnetic sorter of about 7000 gauss. Supply. The magnetic deposits obtained by this high magnetic force magnetic separator are recovered as concentrates, although they contain a part of plastics and glass in the substrate part including non-ferrous metals.
In the magnetic separation using only the paramagnetic separator and the high magnetic separator, the recovery of the substrate is not sufficient, and the nonmagnetic deposits of the tailings of the high magnetic separator are not functional. There remains a substrate part that still contains magnetic ferrous metals together with non-ferrous metals, such as those that physically bounced due to the shape and particle size of the sort, and is supplied to a magnetic / inertial sorter.
[0013]
The magnetic / inertial sorter will be described here by a method using an eddy current sorter. In the eddy current sorter, as shown in FIG. 2, a pair of a rotor 1 and a driving roller 2 in which a plurality of

magnets

1 a and 1 b are arranged so that the polarity alternately changes on the outer periphery, A drum 3 is slidably contacted on the outer periphery, and a feed belt 4 is wound endlessly between the drive roller 2 and the drum 3. In normal use, the rotor 1 is rotated in the same direction as the drum 3 or in the opposite direction, and the conductive metal particles in the object to be sorted a carried by the feed belt 4 are caused by eddy current in the upper part of the rotor 1. It is a device that can be separated from non-metallic (excluding carbon) particles that are splashed using magnetic repulsive force and fall without undergoing magnetic action.
[0014]
However, in the separation and recovery process of the present invention, this eddy current sorter functions as a magnetic / inertia sorter, and the rotor 1 is rotated but only the feed belt 4 passed through the drum 3 is rotated. Yes. That is, the partition plate 5 is provided in front of the apparatus, and the speed of the feed belt 4 is increased to a maximum state, thereby applying a large motion inertia force to the object a on the feed belt 4. As a result, the attracting force of the magnet of the rotor 1 against the iron-based metal having magnetism while being weak together with the motion inertia force acts on the substrate portion (magnetized material) b including the metals in the object to be sorted a. The case part (non-magnetized material) c made of plastic or glass that does not have magnetism while being dropped to the front side is acted only by the kinetic inertial force and is blown away to the far side of the partition plate 5. Can be easily separated.
[0015]
Since the non-magnetized material c from the eddy current sorter includes a strip-shaped substrate portion and a metal piece, it is applied to a sieving machine using a vibrating screen. The mesh of the vibrating screen is suitably 4.75 mm. That is, according to the investigation of the distribution ratio of valuable metals such as Au, Ag, Pd, Cu and Fe using 9.5 mm and 4.75 mm sieve screens for non-magnetic deposits from the eddy current sorter, The distribution ratio is the best in the under-sieving portion of 4.75 mm.
[0016]
By adding the sieving portion by this sieving machine to the magnetic deposit by magnetic sorting including the magnetic / inertial sorter using the eddy current sorter, the recovery rate of the valuable metals becomes 90% or more.
The concentrate from each sorting process can be input to the smelting process. Further, the sieving portion by this sieving machine becomes the final tailing in the separation and recovery process of the present invention, but most is occupied by plastics and glasses, and the plastic material can be recovered.
[0017]
【Example】
In accordance with the flow of FIG.
Using a ball mill having a diameter of 0.6 mφ and a length of 1.0 m, 200 kg (33.2 vol%) of 70 mmφ iron balls were charged. In addition, 10 kg was thrown in with the old mobile phone as the original ore, and the total volume of the input was 39.5% by volume. The ball mill rotation speed was 53 rpm, the limit rotation speed of this ball mill, and the crushing time was 25 minutes.
[0018]
The obtained crushed material was subjected to a 1300 gauss paramagnetic separator, and magnetic selection for ferromagnetic metal was performed. As a result, a magnetic deposit composed of a substrate portion including a part of plastic and glass was recovered as a concentrate in an amount of 8.3% by weight of the original ore.
[0019]
The remaining 91.7% by weight of non-magnetized material (tailing) was further subjected to magnetic sorting through a 7000 gauss high magnetic separator. As a result, the magnetic deposit made of the substrate portion partially including plastic glass was recovered as a concentrate in an amount of 14.2% by weight of the original ore.
[0020]
The remaining 77.5% by weight of the non-magnetized material was supplied as the material to be sorted a to the feed belt 4 of the eddy current sorter which is a magnetic / inertial sorter shown in FIG. In this eddy current sorter, the speed of the feed belt 4 was set to 90 m / min without rotating the rotor 1. The partition plate 5 for separating the substrate portion (magnetized material) b and the case portion (non-magnetized material) c was set at a position 100 mm forward from the rotor end. The substrate portion b containing the metals supplied to the feed belt is attracted to the rotor by the iron-based metal contained therein, and drops to the near side near the rotor 1 of the eddy current sorter as the feed belt 4 advances, and the plastic The equal case portion c was thrown from the rotor 1 to the far side of the partition plate 5 by the motion inertia force accompanying the advance of the feed belt 4.
[0021]
By the magnetic / inertial sorter, that is, the eddy current sorter, the magnetic deposit composed of the substrate portion including a part of plastic / glass was recovered as a concentrate in an amount of 45.3% by weight of the original ore.
The remaining 32.2% by weight of non-magnetized material (tailing) still showed fine metals, so it was further passed through a sieve screen with a vibrating screen of 4.75 mm mesh. As a sieving portion, 7.0% by weight of the concentrate was recovered.
The remaining portion on the sieve was 25.2% by weight of the original ore, but this portion was designated as tailing (waste). The tailings are mostly plastics and glass, and plastics can be recovered from the tailings.
[0022]
As described above, the magnetic deposit by the paramagnetic separator, the magnetic deposit by the high magnetic separator, the magnetic deposit by the magnetic / inertial separator, and the sieving fraction by the sieving machine are collected into concentrate. The recovery amount was 74.8% by weight of the original ore.
[0023]
The quality of valuable non-ferrous metals was analyzed and analyzed for the original ore and the products of each fractionation process, ie, the concentrates of the magnetic deposits and undersieves, and the tailings of the non-magnetic deposits and the above sieves. Tables 1 to 5 show the analysis results and the component distribution ratio when the original ore is 100%.
In addition, Table 6 shows the grades of valuable non-ferrous metals when the concentrates obtained in each step are combined and the component distribution ratio when the original ore is 100%. The grade of the original ore, the grade of the final tailing, and its component distribution are also shown.
[0024]
[Comparative example]
A waste cell phone of the same lot as in the example was subjected to the same fractional collection as in the example except that it was applied to a vertical crusher with a 10 mm sieve instead of a ball mill (shear type) so that the diameter was 10 mm or less. Table 7 shows the results of recovering valuable nonferrous metals.
[0025]
[Table 1]

[0026]
[Table 2]

[0027]
[Table 3]

[0028]
[Table 4]

[0029]
[Table 5]

[0030]
[Table 6]

[0031]
[Table 7]

[0032]
In the separation and recovery method of the present invention, by using a ball mill for crushing, valuable metals can be physically and efficiently compared with a shear type solid pulverizer without making the material to be treated finer than necessary. Can be separated.
Further, the substrate portion is not sufficiently recovered only by the paramagnetic separator and the high magnetic separator, but in the magnetic / inertial separator intended for the tailings that have passed through this magnetic separation process, 45% or more is recovered and contained. As can be seen from the component distribution ratio of non-ferrous metals, an amount of valuable non-ferrous metals exceeding the majority of the original ore is recovered. When combined with the recovered concentrate by the sieving machine, 90% or more of the valuable non-ferrous metal in the original ore is concentrated and recovered.
[0033]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention in which waste portable communication devices are separated and collected with a ball mill, a magnetic sorter, a magnetic / inertial sorter, and a sieving machine (vibrating screen), the substrate portion containing metal and plastic / There exists an effect that it can classify | categorize into the case part containing glass.
According to the present invention, there is basically no need to pulverize the plastic / glass portion, so that the effect of reducing energy use can be obtained. Further, there is an effect that valuable non-ferrous metals can be sufficiently recovered with only a magnetic separator without requiring a complicated recovery process.
According to the present invention, since there is no incineration step, the possibility of effective use of plastics is opened, and there is an effect that it is not necessary to consider the costs associated with incineration and volatilization and scattering of metals and compounds.
According to the present invention, it is possible to expect an effect that a corresponding range to a workpiece is relatively large by using a magnetic / inertial sorter, for example, by setting conditions for eddy current sorting.
further. In the magnetic sorting step, by performing magnetic sorting in two stages of a paramagnetic magnetic sorter and a high magnetic force magnetic sorter, it is possible to obtain an effect that separation and collection can be performed more efficiently.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a method of the invention according to an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a magnetic / inertial sorter (eddy current sorter) used in the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rotor 1a Magnet 1b Magnet 2 Drive roller 3 Drum 4 Feed belt 5 Partition plate a Sort object b Substrate part c Case part

Claims

A dismantling process in which a communication device is put into an impact-type crusher to obtain a separate dismantled product of a substrate part containing a large amount of metals and a case part mainly composed of plastics and glass, and the separated dismantled product from the dismantling process is magnetized. A magnetic sorting process for supplying the magnetic separator to a magnetic separator and a non-magnetic separator for supplying the magnetic separator to the magnetic / inert separator. A magnetic / inertia selection process for separating a magnetically actuated article subjected to force and a non-magnetized article imparted with a kinetic inertia force according to a drop position, and supplying the non-magnetized substance from the magnetic / inertia sorting process to a sieving machine A sieving step for separating the sieving fraction into an upper sieving fraction. The magnetic deposit from the magnetic sorting step, the magnetic deposit from the magnetic / inertial sorting step, and the sieving fraction from the sieving step are made of metals. For collecting communication equipment, which is collected as a substrate part containing Method.

The method for separating and collecting communication equipment according to claim 1, wherein the impact type crusher is a ball mill.

The communication device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the magnetic / inertial sorter is a sorter formed by rotating a feeder belt in a stopped state of a rotor around which a magnet is provided in an eddy current sorter. Separation collection method .

The method for separating and collecting communication equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the magnetic sorting step includes a sorting step by linking a paramagnetic magnetic sorter and a high magnetic force magnetic sorter.

A ball mill that accepts communication equipment and disassembles and separates the substrate part containing a large amount of metals and a case part mainly made of plastics and glass, and accepts the separated dismantled article from the ball mill and separates it into magnetic and non-magnetic substances. A magnetic separator and a rotor belt provided with a magnet are wound around a feeder belt via a drum. By receiving the non-magnetized material from the magnetic separator and rotating the feeder belt, the magnetic attraction force and the feeder belt A magnetic / inertial sorter that separates magnetically and non-magnetized materials by applying the kinetic inertial force of the machine, and accepts non-magnetized material from the magnetic / inertial sorter and separates it into a fraction under the sieve and a fraction above the sieve Collecting the substrate portion containing the metal consisting of the magnetic deposit from the magnetic sorter, the magnetic deposit from the magnetic / inertial sorter, and the sieving portion from the sieve. Fractional recovery apparatus of a communication device characterized by Ukoto.

6. The apparatus for separating and collecting communication equipment according to claim 5 , wherein the magnetic separator comprises a paramagnetic separator and a high magnetic separator.

The apparatus for separating and collecting communication equipment according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the magnetic / inertial sorter is an eddy current sorter.