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JP4358314B2 - Method for removing carbon adhering to coke oven riser - Google Patents
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JP4358314B2 - Method for removing carbon adhering to coke oven riser - Google Patents

Method for removing carbon adhering to coke oven riser Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4358314B2
JP4358314B2 JP09101697A JP9101697A JP4358314B2 JP 4358314 B2 JP4358314 B2 JP 4358314B2 JP 09101697 A JP09101697 A JP 09101697A JP 9101697 A JP9101697 A JP 9101697A JP 4358314 B2 JP4358314 B2 JP 4358314B2
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oxygen
carbon
riser
gas
rate
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JPH10279947A (en
Inventor
朝之 中川
育男 古牧
淳一郎 池永
和也 岡西
創 合▲崎▼
厚 古澤
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はコークス炉の上昇管内の付着カーボンの除去方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
石炭乾留中にコークス炉の上昇管内に付着するカーボンは、そのまま放置すると上昇管を閉塞させ、乾留中に石炭から発生する乾留ガスが炭化室からドライメーンへ出ていくのを阻害し、コークス炉の安定操業を不可能にする。
【0003】
特に、最近のコークス炉の操業は、乾留消費熱量の低減と生産性向上のために、装入する石炭の水分を低下させた操業が主体であり、その結果、炭化室内におけるカーボン付着量が増加する傾向にある。
【0004】
コークス炉の上昇管内壁部へのカーボン付着防止対策としては従来から多くの公知の技術がある。しかしながら、該箇所へのカーボン付着を完全に防止する方法は未だに確立されているとは言い難く、付着したカーボンを何らかの方法で除去しているのが現状である。
【0005】
上昇管内壁部に付着したカーボンの除去方法に関しても多くの公知技術があり、特開平7−247482号公報において述べられているように、これらの技術は、1)機械的に除去する方法、2)空気等の酸素含有気体を用いて除去する方法、3)これらの組合せによる方法、に分類することができる。
【0006】
上昇管内壁部(竪管+基部)に付着しているカーボン除去に最も効果的な方法は、圧縮空気を付着しているカーボンに直接吹き付けて燃焼除去する方法であるが、コークス炉において生産作業をしながら圧縮空気を吹き付けることが可能な時間は2〜3分、稼働率の高い場合には1〜2分と極めて短い。そのため、特開平7−247482号公報では、上昇管竪管下部に配置した空気吹き出し装置から圧縮空気を吹き出して、上昇管下部に負圧の発生を促進し、エジェクター効果によってコークス炉外から上昇管内に高速導入された空気により、上昇管内壁に付着したカーボンを効率よく燃焼除去する方法が提案されている。
【0007】
この場合、付着カーボンに吹き付ける圧縮空気は、通常、圧縮空気供給装置にて製造される。圧縮空気供給装置に要求される圧縮空気の製造能力は、付着カーボンが少ない場合には200〜300Nm3 /時程度でよいが、付着カーボンが多い場合には500〜600Nm3 /時程度、時にはそれ以上の供給量が必要となる場合がある。
【0008】
付着カーボン除去に必要な酸素含有気体の必要導入量の決定、あるいは、カーボン除去の終了を判断する技術に関して、前者については、例えば、特開昭59−159884号公報に見られるように、カーボン付着速度式の予測に基づいて付着カーボンの所要量を燃焼するのに必要な酸素量を算出する方法が提案されており、また、後者については、例えば、特開平6−299155号公報に見られるように、酸素含有気体の供給後における排気ガス温度を基に付着カーボン除去完了時期を判定する方法や、特開平7−138572号公報に見られるように、燃焼除去による排気ガス圧力を基に酸素が入気体の吐出量、吐出時間を制御する方法が代表的な事例である。
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
カーボン付着速度式の予測に基づいてカーボン除去に必要な酸素含有気体の量を算出する従来の方法は、炭化室内壁面の付着カーボンに酸素含有気体を直接吹き付けて燃焼除去することを対象としている技術であり、したがって、エジェクター効果による炭化室外からの外気導入がほとんどない条件下では適用可能な技術といえる。
【0010】
また、排気ガスの温度や圧力からカーボン除去作業の終了点を判断する方法は、付着カーボンが除去されたことを示す判断基準を得る方法としては優れているが、どれだけの酸素含有気体を導入したら良いかに関する情報は得られない。
【0011】
上昇管内に付着したカーボンを燃焼除去するのに必要な酸素含有気体を限られた処理時間内に効率的に供給するための明確な指標は見当たらないのが現状である。
【0012】
したがって、設定した圧縮気体供給装置の酸素含有気体の供給能力が実際よりも過剰であったり、時には不十分であったりするなど問題を生じているのが現状である。供給能力が過剰であった場合には、圧縮気体供給装置からの酸素含有気体の供給量を少なくすれば実用上問題はないが、設備投資の面でデメリットを伴う。一方、供給能力が不十分であった場合には、圧縮気体供給装置の能力を最大限にしても、限られた時間内に付着カーボン除去に必要な酸素を供給できないといった問題が生じる。
【0013】
本発明が解決すべき課題は、上昇管内部に付着したカーボンを除去することを目的としてコークス炉の上昇管下部に配置した空気吹き出し装置から圧縮空気を吹き出して、上昇管下部に負圧を発生させて上昇管内にコークス炉外から高速導入した空気により上昇管内部の付着カーボンを燃焼除去する際に、付着カーボン除去に必要な圧縮空気供給装置からの酸素含有気体の供給能力を精度良く推定する方法を提供することである。
【0014】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記の問題点を解決するために種々検討した結果、コークス炉の上昇管下部に配置した酸素含有気体吹き出し装置から圧縮した酸素含有気体を吹き出して、上昇管内部の付着カーボンを燃焼除去する際に燃焼除去されるカーボン量が、圧縮気体供給装置からノズルを介して上昇管内に吹き込まれる圧縮した酸素含有気体量と、エジェクター効果によってコークス炉外から導入される空気量の合計量と一定の関係を示すこと、また、圧縮空気を吹き込むノズルの形状ごとに、圧縮空気供給装置からノズルを介して上昇管内に吹き込まれる圧縮空気量とエジェクター効果によってコークス炉外から導入される空気量が一定の関係を示すことを見い出し、この知見に基づき本発明を完成するに至ったものである。
【0015】
すなわち、コークス炉炭化室の上昇管配置側の炭化室上部から上昇管内にノズルを介して圧縮した酸素含有気体吹き出して上昇管下部に負圧を発生させ、上昇管内にコークス炉外から高速導入した空気により上昇管内壁に付着したカーボンを燃焼除去するコークス炉上昇管の付着カーボン燃焼除去方法において、
(A)付着カーボンが燃焼除去された後の燃焼排ガスを含む気体の流量(V3)及びガス組成を測定し、
(B)前記燃焼排ガスを含む気体の流量(V3)及びガス組成の測定値と、
付着カーボンの燃焼で生成した一酸化炭素量CO(Ox3)と二酸化炭素量CO 2 (Ox4)、および未反応の酸素量(Ox5)と、圧縮気体供給装置から供給される酸素含有気体中の酸素量(Ox1)とから、
酸素に関する物質収支式(Ox1+Ox2=Ox3+Ox4+Ox5)を用いてコークス炉外から上昇管内に導入される酸素分子の供給速度(VOx2)を求め、
(C)前記燃焼排ガスを含む気体の流量(V3)及びガス組成の測定値から求められた付着カーボンの燃焼除去量(W)と燃焼除去に要した時間(Δt)とから付着カーボンの燃焼除去速度(G=W/Δt)を求め、
(D)前記(B)及び(C)でそれぞれ求められたコークス炉外から上昇管内に導入される酸素分子の供給速度(VOx2)及び付着カーボンの燃焼除去速度(G)と、圧縮気体供給装置から供給される酸素含有気体のガス供給速度(V1)から導出される、前記酸素含有気体中の酸素分子の供給速度(Vox1=0.21×V1)とから、下記(1)式に示す、上昇管に導入される全酸素分子の供給速度(VOxt=VOx1+VOx2)と付着カーボンの燃焼除去速度(G)の関係を求めるとともに、
(E)前記(B)で求められたコークス炉外から上昇管内に導入される酸素分子の供給速度(VOx2)と、圧縮気体供給装置から供給される酸素含有気体のガス供給速度(V1)とから、酸素含有吹き出し装置の形式毎に、下記(2)式に示す、コークス炉外から上昇管内に導入される酸素分子の供給速度(VOx2)と圧縮気体供給装置から供給される酸素含有気体のガス供給速度(V1)の関係を求め、
(F)前記(D)及び(E)で求められた下記(1)式及び(2)式から下記(4)式に示す、上昇管内に付着するカーボン量に応じて、決められた時間内で上昇管内の付着カーボンの除去作業が可能な付着カーボンの燃焼除去速度(G’)と圧縮気体供給装置から供給される酸素含有気体のガス供給速度(V1’)の関係式を導出し、
(G)酸素含有吹き出し装置の形式毎に、上昇管内に付着するカーボン量に応じて、決められた時間内で付着カーボンの除去作業が可能な付着カーボンの燃焼除去速度(G’)に対応して(4)式で求まる圧縮気体供給装置から供給される酸素含有気体のガス供給速度(V1’)を設定し、該設定値になるように、圧縮気体供給装置から供給される酸素含有気体のガス供給速度(V1)を、制御することを特徴とするコークス炉上昇管内の付着カーボンの除去方法である。
【0016】
G=αVOxt=α(VOx1+VOx2) (1)
VOx2=βV1 (2)
V11/[α×(0.21+β)]× (4)
V1;圧縮気体供給装置から供給される酸素含有気体のガス供給速度(Nm3 /時)
上昇管内に付着するカーボン量に応じて、決められた時間内で付着カーボンの除去作業が可能な付着カーボン燃焼除去速度(kg/分)
α;係数
β;酸素含有吹き出し装置の形式毎に定められる係数
【0017】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態について詳細に説明する。
【0018】
上述したように、上昇管内壁部に付着したカーボンを効率よく燃焼除去するためには、上昇管内に酸素含有気体を高速で供給するのが有効である。
【0019】
本発明の技術を確立するに当たって、先ず第一番目に、上昇管内に供給される酸素含有気体の供給量と燃焼除去されるカーボン量の関係を求める実験を稼働中の実コークス炉において実施した。実験方法の概略を図1で説明する。すなわち、図1において、圧縮気体供給装置9で圧縮した酸素含有気体をフレキ接続管20、続いてガス導管18を通じて酸素含有気体吹き出し装置7の環状管1に送り込む。送り込まれた酸素含有気体は環状管1内に均一に分配された後に噴射ノズル2から上昇管3の下部へ噴出して、エジェクター効果により負圧を発生させ、上昇管内にコークス炉外から空気を高速導入する。吹き込まれた空気と酸素含有気体は上昇管基部4、および上昇管竪管6の付着カーボン5と反応しながら上昇管3の上部へと向かい、最終的に炉外へ排出される。
【0020】
試験は炭化室の炉容積、および上昇管の水平断面積の異なる4つの炉(A炉、B炉、C炉、およびD炉とする)にて実施した。また、酸素含有気体吹き出し装置7は、図2(a)、(b)、(c)に示す3種類を用いた。図2において、(a)に示すタイプは特開平7−247482号公報で提案された形状のものであり、環状管1の上面円周上に複数個の噴射ノズル2を配設したものであり、環状管1の円周内部を気体が通過できないように閉塞板19を取り付けてある。(b)に示すタイプはタイプ(a)と同様の形状を有するが、環状管1の円周内部を気体が通過できるように、閉塞板19は取り付けていない。
【0021】
(c)に示すタイプは(a)に示すタイプや(b)に示すタイプと同様の噴射ノズルを同数本、一カ所に束ねて配置したものである。
【0022】
酸素含有気体吹き出し装置7から噴射する圧縮した酸素含有気体の流量、すなわち、圧縮気体供給装置9からの供給速度(V1)と圧縮気体供給装置の出口に設置した圧力計14の指示値Pの関係をあらかじめ求めておけば、実験中のV1は圧力計のPを読みとることで知ることができる。なお、いずれのタイプの酸素含有気体吹き出し装置7を用いても、Pが同じ場合にはGpは同じであった。
【0023】
エジェクター効果によってコークス炉外から上昇管内に導入される空気の供給速度(V2)を精度良く測定することは技術的に難しい。そこで、付着カーボンが燃焼除去された後の燃焼排ガスを含む気体の流量(V3)とガス組成を測定し、その結果からV2を求めることとした。
【0024】
すなわち、燃焼排ガス中の酸素に着目すると、上昇管下部から導入される空気中の酸素は、圧縮気体供給装置から供給される酸素含有気体中の酸素(Ox1)とエジェクター効果でコークス炉外から導入される空気中の酸素(Ox2)しかない。
【0025】
一方、付着カーボンの燃焼後に上昇管内を通過するガス中の酸素は、付着カーボンの燃焼で生成した一酸化炭素CO(Ox3)と二酸化炭素CO2 (Ox4)、および未反応の酸素(Ox5)である。酸素に関する物質収支式として、Ox1+Ox2=Ox3+Ox4+Ox5が成立し、Ox1、Ox3、Ox4、および、Ox5が既知であるから、簡単な計算でOx2が求まり、大気中の窒素と酸素の割合を考慮するとV2が求められる。
【0026】
なお、V3は付着カーボンが燃焼除去された後の上昇管内を通過するガスの流速と上昇管内のガス通過断面積から簡単な計算で求めることができる。ガスの流速は、図1に示したように上昇管竪管部6にピトー管17を配設し、管内を流れる気体の静圧と動圧を測定して求めた。その際に、常温状態における気体流量に換算するために、熱電対16を用いてピトー管の先端部近傍のガス温度も測定した。
【0027】
また、燃焼排ガスの組成は、図1に示すように上昇管竪管の上部にガス捕集管15を配設し、捕集したガスをガスクロマトグラフで分析して求めた。
【0028】
燃焼排ガスの組成とガス流量V3の値から、付着カーボンの燃焼除去量(W)を知ることもできる。また、燃焼除去に要した時間をΔtとすれば、付着カーボンの燃焼除去速度(G)はW/Δtで求められる。
【0029】
なお、図1において、21は酸素含有気体吹き出し装置7を支える支持フレーム、8は圧縮した酸素含有気体の供給量を制御する流量制御バルブ、10は酸素含有気体吹き出し装置7を水平方向に移動させる装置、11は圧縮気体供給装置9と水平移動装置10を乗せる台座、12は台座を上下方向に移動させる装置、13は押出機を示している。
【0030】
次に、得られた測定結果を基に、本発明に至った経緯を詳細に説明する。
【0031】
図3に酸素含有気体吹き出し装置7を介して上昇管内へ導入された酸素分子の供給速度(VOx1)と付着カーボンの燃焼除去速度(G)の関係を示すが、両者間には一定の関係は認められない。したがって、図3から圧縮空気供給装置に必要な能力を精度良く推定することはできない。この結果は、上昇管内に導入される酸素分子は、空気吹き出し装置7を介して圧縮気体供給装置によって供給される酸素だけでなく、エジェクター効果でコークス炉外から導入される酸素分子も含まれることを考えると当然の結果といえる。
【0032】
そこで、次に上昇管内に導入された全酸素分子の供給速度(VOxt)とGの関係を求めた結果を図4に示す。図から明らかなように、両者は間には相関係数(R2 )=0.9以上の良好な対応関係が認められ、しかも、この関係はコークス炉が異なっていても成立することがわかる。
【0033】
参考までに、図5にエジェクター効果によってコークス炉外から上昇管内に導入される酸素分子の供給速度(VOx2)とGの関係を示す。両者間に良好な対応関係が認められるが、この場合の相関係数は0.86であり、図4の場合よりも相関性は劣っている。
【0034】
以上の結果から、上昇管内に付着したカーボンを速度Gで燃焼除去しようとした場合に必要な酸素供給速度VOxtを精度良く推定する方法が得られた。
【0035】
次に、エジェクター効果も考慮して、必要なVOxtなる酸素供給速度を得るにはどのような条件が必要かについて検討した結果を説明する。
【0036】
図6に圧縮気体供給装置9からの酸素含有気体の供給速度V1とエジェクター効果によってコークス炉外から上昇管内に導入される空気の供給速度V2の関係を示す。図6において、ハッチングをした領域は、それぞれ同じタイプの酸素含有気体吹き出し装置を用いたことを示しており、図中のIはタイプI、IIはタイプII、IIIはタイプIIIの酸素含有気体吹き出し装置であることを意味している。
図6より、同タイプの酸素含有気体吹き出し装置であれば、V2はV1にほぼ直線的に比例して増加しており、この関係から酸素含有気体吹き出し装置のタイプごとにV1とV2の関係が求められる。
【0037】
なお、酸素含有気体吹き出し装置のタイプが同じもので、V1に対してV2に幅があるのは、ノズル先端部と炭化室天井部間の距離、およびタイプIとタイプIIでは環状管1の中心、タイプIIIでは束ねたノズル群の中心と上昇管基部4の開口部の中心との位置関係が試験ごとに微妙に異なるためと推定され、実機における試験ではやむおえない結果である。
【0038】
図4と図6の関係を一次式で近似するとそれぞれ次の関係式が得られる。
【0039】
G=αVOxt=α(VOx1+VOx2) (1)
VOx2=βV1 (2)
(α、βは係数)
(2)式を(1)式に代入し、また、VOx1=0.21×V1なる関係を用いてV1とGの関係を整理すると、以下の結果が得られる。
【0040】
G=α(0.21×V1+βV1)
=α(0.21+β)V1 (3)
∴ V1=γG (4)
ここで、係数γは吹き出し装置の形式によって決まる係数、また、0.21なる数値は空気中の酸素分率に相当する値である。
【0041】
(4)式は、上昇管内の付着カーボンを速度Gで燃焼除去したい場合の圧縮気体供給装置からのガス供給速度V1が、吹き出し装置の形式ごとに一義的に設定できることを示している。
【0042】
したがって、(4)式の関係を基に上昇管内に付着するカーボン量に応じて最適能力を有する圧縮気体供給装置を設計、選定することが可能となる。また、実操業において、限られた時間内で付着カーボンを除去するためには如何なる速度で酸素含有気体を供給すべきか、という課題に対して明確な指針を与える。
【0043】
なお、(2)式の係数βや(4)式の係数γは、酸素含有気体吹き出し装置7の形式によって決まる定数である。本発明では3種類の酸素含有気体吹き出し装置について実施したが、他の異なる形式の酸素含有気体吹き出し装置を用いた場合でも、係数の値は異なるが同様の考え方で係数を設定できることは言うまでもない。
【0044】
酸素含有気体としては通常空気で良いが、付着カーボンの燃焼除去効率を上げる場合に、供給する酸素含有気体中の酸素濃度を高めることも一つの方法である。酸素濃度を高めた場合は、(3)式中の係数を酸素分率に合わせた値に変更してやればよい。
【0045】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、上昇管内に付着したカーボンを所定の速度で燃焼除去する際に必要な酸素含有気体の供給速度を精度良く推定することが可能となった。
【0046】
その結果、圧縮気体供給装置の必要供給能力を的確に設計、選定することができ、投資コストの低減が図れる。また、決められた時間内で付着カーボンの除去作業が可能となり、操業の安定化が図ることができる。したがって、経済的な意義がきわめて大きい。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施の形態を説明するものであり、上昇管基内に酸素含有気体を吹き込む方法の概略を示す図。
【図2】(a)、(b)、(c)は、本発明の実施の形態を説明するものであり、実験に用いた酸素含有気体吹き出し装置の概略を示す図。
【図3】本発明の実施の形態を説明するものであり、上昇管内へ導入される酸素のうち、圧縮気体供給装置から供給される酸素の供給速度と付着カーボンの燃焼除去速度との関係を示す図。
【図4】本発明の実施の形態を説明するものであり、上昇管内へ導入される全酸素の供給速度と付着カーボンの燃焼除去速度との関係を示す図。
【図5】本発明の実施の形態を説明するものであり、上昇管内へ導入される酸素のうち、コークス炉外からエジェクター効果によって導入される酸素の供給速度と付着カーボンの燃焼除去速度との関係を示す図。
【図6】本発明の実施の形態を説明するものであり、上昇管内へ導入される酸素含有気体のうち、圧縮気体供給装置から供給される気体の供給速度と、エジェクター効果によってコークス炉外から導入される酸素の供給速度の関係を示す図。
【符号の説明】
1・・・ 管状管
2・・・ 噴射ノズル
3・・・ 上昇管
4・・・ 上昇管基部
5・・・ 付着カーボン
6・・・ 上昇管竪管部
7・・・ 酸素含有気体吹き出し装置
8・・・ 流量制御バルブ
9・・・ 圧縮気体供給装置
10・・・ 水平移動装置
11・・・ 台座
12・・・ 上下移動装置
13・・・ 押出機
14・・・ 圧力計
15・・・ ガス捕集管
16・・・ 熱電対
17・・・ ピトー管
18・・・ ガス導管
19・・・ 環状管内部閉塞板
20・・・ フレキ接続管
21・・・ 支持フレーム
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for removing adhering carbon in a riser pipe of a coke oven.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The carbon adhering to the riser pipe of the coke oven during coal carbonization will block the riser tube if left as it is, hindering the dry distillation gas generated from coal during dry distillation from coming out of the carbonization chamber to the dry main, Makes stable operation impossible.
[0003]
In particular, the recent operation of coke ovens mainly consists of operations that reduce the water content of the coal to be charged in order to reduce dry distillation heat consumption and improve productivity, resulting in an increase in carbon adhesion in the carbonization chamber. Tend to.
[0004]
Conventionally, there are many known techniques for preventing carbon adhesion to the inner wall of the ascending pipe of a coke oven. However, it is difficult to say that a method for completely preventing the carbon from adhering to the location has been established yet, and at present, the adhering carbon is removed by some method.
[0005]
There are many known techniques for removing carbon adhering to the inner wall of the ascending pipe. As described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-247482, these techniques include 1) a mechanical removal method, 2 It can be classified into 3) a method of removing using an oxygen-containing gas such as air, and 3) a method of a combination thereof.
[0006]
The most effective method for removing carbon adhering to the inner wall of the riser pipe (soot tube + base) is the method in which compressed air is blown directly onto the adhering carbon to remove it by combustion. The time during which compressed air can be blown while performing the process is as short as 2 to 3 minutes, and 1 to 2 minutes when the operation rate is high. Therefore, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-247482, compressed air is blown out from an air blowing device arranged at the lower part of the riser pipe so as to promote the generation of negative pressure at the lower part of the riser pipe. A method has been proposed in which carbon adhering to the inner wall of the riser is efficiently burned and removed by air introduced at a high speed.
[0007]
In this case, the compressed air sprayed on the attached carbon is usually produced by a compressed air supply device. Production capacity of the compressed air required for the compressed air supply device may be a 200- 300nm 3 / about time when deposited carbon is small, but if deposited carbon is high 500 to 600 nm 3 / hr or so, sometimes it The above supply amount may be required.
[0008]
Regarding the determination of the necessary introduction amount of the oxygen-containing gas necessary for adhering carbon removal, or the technique for determining the end of carbon removal, the former is described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-159844. A method for calculating the amount of oxygen required to burn the required amount of adhering carbon based on the prediction of the velocity equation has been proposed, and the latter can be seen, for example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 6-299155. In addition, as shown in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-138572, a method for determining the timing of completion of attached carbon removal based on the exhaust gas temperature after the supply of the oxygen-containing gas or as disclosed in JP-A-7-138572 A typical example is a method of controlling the discharge amount and discharge time of the inlet gas.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The conventional method of calculating the amount of oxygen-containing gas required for carbon removal based on the prediction of the carbon deposition rate equation is a technique that targets combustion deposition by directly blowing oxygen-containing gas onto the carbon deposited on the wall surface of the carbonization chamber Therefore, it can be said that the technique can be applied under conditions in which outside air is hardly introduced from outside the carbonization chamber due to the ejector effect.
[0010]
Also, the method of judging the end point of carbon removal work from the temperature and pressure of exhaust gas is excellent as a method for obtaining a judgment standard indicating that attached carbon has been removed, but how much oxygen-containing gas is introduced. There is no information on what to do.
[0011]
At present, there is no clear index for efficiently supplying the oxygen-containing gas necessary for burning and removing carbon adhering to the riser within a limited processing time.
[0012]
Therefore, there is a problem that the supply capacity of the oxygen-containing gas in the set compressed gas supply device is excessive or sometimes insufficient. If the supply capacity is excessive, there is no practical problem if the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas from the compressed gas supply device is reduced, but there is a disadvantage in terms of capital investment. On the other hand, if the supply capacity is insufficient, there arises a problem that even if the capacity of the compressed gas supply device is maximized, oxygen necessary for removing attached carbon cannot be supplied within a limited time.
[0013]
The problem to be solved by the present invention is to blow out compressed air from an air blowing device arranged at the lower part of the riser pipe of the coke oven for the purpose of removing carbon adhering to the inside of the riser pipe, and generate negative pressure at the lower part of the riser pipe When the carbon adhering to the inside of the riser is burned and removed by air introduced at high speed from the outside of the coke oven into the riser, the supply capacity of the oxygen-containing gas from the compressed air supply device necessary for removing the attached carbon is accurately estimated. Is to provide a method.
[0014]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of various studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have blown out compressed oxygen-containing gas from an oxygen-containing gas blowing device disposed at the lower part of the riser pipe of the coke oven, and deposited carbon inside the riser pipe. The amount of carbon to be burned and removed when burning and removing is the sum of the amount of compressed oxygen-containing gas blown into the riser pipe from the compressed gas supply device through the nozzle and the amount of air introduced from the outside of the coke oven by the ejector effect The air introduced from the coke oven by the amount of compressed air blown into the rising pipe from the compressed air supply device through the nozzle and the ejector effect for each nozzle shape that shows a certain relationship with the amount Based on this finding, the inventors have found that the amount shows a certain relationship and have completed the present invention.
[0015]
That is, oxygen-containing gas compressed from the upper part of the carbonization chamber on the side of the riser arrangement side of the coke oven carbonization chamber was blown into the riser through a nozzle to generate a negative pressure in the lower part of the riser, and introduced into the riser from outside the coke oven at high speed. In the carbon combustion removal method of the coke oven riser that burns and removes carbon adhering to the inner wall of the riser by air,
(A) Measure the flow rate (V3) and gas composition of the gas containing the combustion exhaust gas after the attached carbon is burned and removed,
(B) the flow rate (V3) of the gas containing the combustion exhaust gas and the measured value of the gas composition;
Amount of carbon monoxide generated by the combustion of the deposited carbon CO and (Ox3) amount of carbon dioxide CO 2 (Ox4), and the amount of oxygen unreacted (OX5), oxygen in the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the compressed gas supply device From the amount (Ox1)
Using the mass balance equation for oxygen (Ox1 + Ox2 = Ox3 + Ox4 + Ox5), obtain the supply rate (VOx2) of oxygen molecules introduced from the outside of the coke oven into the riser,
(C) Combustion removal of adhering carbon from the amount of burnt carbon removal (W) determined from the flow rate (V3) of the gas containing the combustion exhaust gas and the measured value of the gas composition and the time (Δt) required for combustion removal Find the speed (G = W / Δt)
(D) Oxygen molecule supply rate (VOx2) and burnt carbon removal rate (G) of oxygen molecules introduced from the outside of the coke oven determined in (B) and (C), respectively, and a compressed gas supply device From the supply rate of oxygen molecules in the oxygen-containing gas (Vox1 = 0.21 × V1) derived from the gas supply rate (V1) of the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the following formula (1), While obtaining the relationship between the supply rate (VOxt = VOx1 + VOx2) of all oxygen molecules introduced into the riser and the combustion removal rate (G) of attached carbon,
(E) The supply rate (VOx2) of oxygen molecules introduced into the riser from the outside of the coke oven determined in (B) above, and the gas supply rate (V1) of the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the compressed gas supply device For each type of oxygen-containing blowing device, the oxygen molecule supply rate (VOx2) introduced from the outside of the coke oven into the riser and the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the compressed gas supply device are shown in the following equation (2). Obtain the relationship of gas supply speed (V1),
(F) Within the time determined according to the amount of carbon adhering to the riser shown in the following formula (4) from the following formulas (1) and (2) obtained in the above (D) and (E): Deriving a relational expression between the combustion removal rate (G ′) of the attached carbon capable of removing the attached carbon in the riser and the gas supply rate (V1 ′) of the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the compressed gas supply device,
(G) For each type of oxygen-containing blowing device, according to the amount of carbon adhering to the riser, it corresponds to the combustion removal rate (G ′) of the adhering carbon that can remove the adhering carbon within a predetermined time. The gas supply speed (V1 ′) of the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the compressed gas supply device obtained by the equation (4) is set, and the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the compressed gas supply device is set to the set value . It is a method for removing adhering carbon in a coke oven riser, characterized in that the gas supply rate (V1) is controlled.
[0016]
G = αVOxt = α (VOx1 + VOx2) (1)
VOx2 = βV1 (2)
V1 = 1 / [α × (0.21 + β)] × G (4)
V1 ; gas supply rate of oxygen-containing gas supplied from the compressed gas supply device (Nm 3 / hour)
G : Adhesive carbon combustion removal rate (kg / min) that enables removal of adhering carbon within a predetermined time according to the amount of carbon adhering to the riser
α: coefficient
β: Coefficient determined for each type of oxygen-containing blowing device
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
[0018]
As described above, in order to efficiently burn and remove carbon adhering to the inner wall of the riser, it is effective to supply the oxygen-containing gas into the riser at high speed.
[0019]
In establishing the technique of the present invention, first, an experiment was conducted in an actual coke oven in operation to determine the relationship between the amount of oxygen-containing gas supplied into the riser and the amount of carbon burned and removed. An outline of the experimental method will be described with reference to FIG. That is, in FIG. 1, the oxygen-containing gas compressed by the compressed gas supply device 9 is sent to the annular tube 1 of the oxygen-containing gas blowing device 7 through the flexible connecting pipe 20 and then the gas conduit 18. The oxygen-containing gas sent is uniformly distributed in the annular pipe 1 and then ejected from the injection nozzle 2 to the lower part of the riser pipe 3 to generate a negative pressure by the ejector effect. Install fast. The blown air and the oxygen-containing gas are directed to the upper part of the riser 3 while reacting with the carbon adhering to the riser base 4 and the riser pipe 6 and finally discharged outside the furnace.
[0020]
The test was performed in four furnaces (A furnace, B furnace, C furnace, and D furnace) having different furnace volumes in the carbonization chamber and horizontal cross-sectional areas of the riser pipe. Moreover, the oxygen containing gas blowing device 7 used three types shown to Fig.2 (a), (b), (c). In FIG. 2, the type shown in FIG. 2 (a) has the shape proposed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-247482, and a plurality of injection nozzles 2 are arranged on the circumference of the upper surface of the annular tube 1. The closing plate 19 is attached so that gas cannot pass through the circumference of the annular tube 1. The type shown in (b) has the same shape as type (a), but the closing plate 19 is not attached so that gas can pass through the circumference of the annular tube 1.
[0021]
In the type shown in (c), the same number of injection nozzles as the type shown in (a) and the type shown in (b) are bundled and arranged in one place.
[0022]
The relationship between the flow rate of the compressed oxygen-containing gas injected from the oxygen-containing gas blowing device 7, that is, the supply speed (V1) from the compressed gas supply device 9 and the indicated value P of the pressure gauge 14 installed at the outlet of the compressed gas supply device Can be obtained by reading P of the pressure gauge. In addition, no matter which type of oxygen-containing gas blowing device 7 was used, when P was the same, Gp was the same.
[0023]
It is technically difficult to accurately measure the supply speed (V2) of air introduced from the outside of the coke oven into the riser due to the ejector effect. Therefore, the flow rate (V3) and gas composition of the gas containing the combustion exhaust gas after the adhering carbon was burned and removed were measured, and V2 was obtained from the result.
[0024]
That is, focusing on oxygen in the combustion exhaust gas, oxygen in the air introduced from the lower part of the riser pipe is introduced from the outside of the coke oven by the oxygen (Ox1) in the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the compressed gas supply device and the ejector effect. There is only oxygen (Ox2) in the air.
[0025]
On the other hand, oxygen in the gas passing through the riser after the combustion of the deposited carbon is carbon monoxide CO which is generated by the combustion of the deposited carbon (Ox3) and carbon dioxide CO 2 (Ox4), and unreacted oxygen (OX5) is there. As the mass balance equation for oxygen, Ox1 + Ox2 = Ox3 + Ox4 + Ox5 is established, and Ox1, Ox3, Ox4, and Ox5 are known. Desired.
[0026]
V3 can be obtained by simple calculation from the flow velocity of the gas passing through the riser after the adhering carbon is burned off and the gas passage cross-sectional area in the riser. As shown in FIG. 1, the flow velocity of the gas was obtained by arranging a pitot tube 17 in the ascending tube soot tube portion 6 and measuring the static pressure and dynamic pressure of the gas flowing in the tube. At that time, in order to convert the gas flow rate in a normal temperature state, the gas temperature near the tip of the Pitot tube was also measured using a thermocouple 16.
[0027]
Further, the composition of the combustion exhaust gas was obtained by disposing a gas collecting tube 15 on the upper part of the riser soot and analyzing the collected gas with a gas chromatograph as shown in FIG.
[0028]
From the composition of the combustion exhaust gas and the value of the gas flow rate V3, the combustion removal amount (W) of the attached carbon can also be known. If the time required for combustion removal is Δt, the combustion removal rate (G) of the attached carbon can be obtained by W / Δt.
[0029]
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 21 denotes a support frame that supports the oxygen-containing gas blowing device 7, 8 denotes a flow control valve that controls the supply amount of the compressed oxygen-containing gas, and 10 moves the oxygen-containing gas blowing device 7 in the horizontal direction. An apparatus, 11 is a pedestal on which the compressed gas supply device 9 and the horizontal movement apparatus 10 are placed, 12 is an apparatus for moving the pedestal in the vertical direction, and 13 is an extruder.
[0030]
Next, based on the obtained measurement results, the background to the present invention will be described in detail.
[0031]
FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the supply rate (VOx1) of oxygen molecules introduced into the ascending pipe through the oxygen-containing gas blowing device 7 and the combustion removal rate (G) of the attached carbon. unacceptable. Therefore, it is impossible to accurately estimate the capacity required for the compressed air supply apparatus from FIG. As a result, oxygen molecules introduced into the rising pipe include not only oxygen supplied by the compressed gas supply device via the air blowing device 7 but also oxygen molecules introduced from outside the coke oven by the ejector effect. Is a natural result.
[0032]
Then, the result of having calculated | required the relationship between the supply rate (VOxt) of all the oxygen molecules introduce | transduced in the riser tube and G next, is shown in FIG. As is clear from the figure, a good correspondence relationship between the two is obtained, in which a correlation coefficient (R 2 ) = 0.9 or more is recognized, and this relationship holds even if the coke ovens are different. .
[0033]
For reference, FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the supply rate (VOx2) of oxygen molecules introduced into the ascending pipe from outside the coke oven by the ejector effect and G. Although a good correspondence is recognized between the two, the correlation coefficient in this case is 0.86, which is inferior in correlation to the case of FIG.
[0034]
From the above results, a method for accurately estimating the oxygen supply rate Voxt required when the carbon adhering in the ascending pipe is burned and removed at the rate G was obtained.
[0035]
Next, considering the ejector effect, the results of studying what conditions are necessary to obtain the required oxygen supply rate of Voxt will be described.
[0036]
FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the supply rate V1 of the oxygen-containing gas from the compressed gas supply device 9 and the supply rate V2 of air introduced from the outside of the coke oven into the riser pipe by the ejector effect. In FIG. 6, hatched areas indicate that the oxygen-containing gas blowing devices of the same type were used, where I is a type I, II is a type II, and III is a type III oxygen-containing gas blowing device. It means that it is a device.
From FIG. 6, if the oxygen-containing gas blowing device of the same type, V2 increases almost linearly in proportion to V1, and from this relationship, the relationship between V1 and V2 is different for each type of oxygen-containing gas blowing device. Desired.
[0037]
Note that the types of oxygen-containing gas blowing devices are the same, and V2 is wider than V1 because of the distance between the nozzle tip and the carbonization chamber ceiling, and in types I and II, the center of the annular tube 1 In Type III, it is estimated that the positional relationship between the center of the bundled nozzle group and the center of the opening of the riser base 4 is slightly different for each test, which is an unavoidable result in the actual test.
[0038]
When the relationship between FIG. 4 and FIG. 6 is approximated by a linear expression, the following relational expressions are obtained.
[0039]
G = αVOxt = α (VOx1 + VOx2) (1)
VOx2 = βV1 (2)
(Α and β are coefficients)
Substituting equation (2) into equation (1) and rearranging the relationship between V1 and G using the relationship VOx1 = 0.21 × V1, the following results are obtained.
[0040]
G = α (0.21 × V1 + βV1)
= Α (0.21 + β) V1 (3)
∴ V1 = γG (4)
Here, the coefficient γ is a coefficient determined by the type of the blowing device, and a numerical value of 0.21 is a value corresponding to the oxygen fraction in the air.
[0041]
The equation (4) indicates that the gas supply speed V1 from the compressed gas supply device when it is desired to burn and remove the adhering carbon in the ascending pipe at the speed G can be uniquely set for each type of the blowing device.
[0042]
Therefore, it becomes possible to design and select a compressed gas supply device having an optimum capacity according to the amount of carbon adhering in the riser pipe based on the relationship of the expression (4). In actual operation, a clear guide is given to the problem of how fast the oxygen-containing gas should be supplied in order to remove attached carbon within a limited time.
[0043]
Note that the coefficient β in the equation (2) and the coefficient γ in the equation (4) are constants determined by the type of the oxygen-containing gas blowing device 7. In the present invention, three types of oxygen-containing gas blowing devices have been implemented, but it goes without saying that even when other types of oxygen-containing gas blowing devices are used, the coefficients can be set in the same way although the values of the coefficients are different.
[0044]
The oxygen-containing gas is usually air, but increasing the oxygen concentration in the supplied oxygen-containing gas is one method for increasing the combustion removal efficiency of the attached carbon. When the oxygen concentration is increased, the coefficient in equation (3) may be changed to a value that matches the oxygen fraction.
[0045]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to accurately estimate the supply rate of the oxygen-containing gas necessary for burning and removing carbon adhering to the riser at a predetermined rate.
[0046]
As a result, the required supply capacity of the compressed gas supply device can be designed and selected accurately, and the investment cost can be reduced. In addition, the adhered carbon can be removed within a predetermined time, and the operation can be stabilized. Therefore, the economic significance is very great.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment of the present invention and showing an outline of a method for blowing an oxygen-containing gas into a riser base.
FIGS. 2 (a), (b), and (c) illustrate an embodiment of the present invention and are schematic diagrams of an oxygen-containing gas blowing device used in an experiment.
FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment of the present invention, and shows the relationship between the supply rate of oxygen supplied from a compressed gas supply device and the combustion removal rate of attached carbon among oxygen introduced into the riser pipe; FIG.
FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the embodiment of the present invention and showing the relationship between the supply rate of total oxygen introduced into the riser and the combustion removal rate of attached carbon.
FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment of the present invention. Of the oxygen introduced into the riser pipe, the oxygen supply rate introduced from the outside of the coke oven by the ejector effect and the burn-off rate of the attached carbon The figure which shows a relationship.
FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment of the present invention. Among oxygen-containing gases introduced into the ascending pipe, from the outside of the coke oven due to the supply speed of the gas supplied from the compressed gas supply device and the ejector effect. The figure which shows the relationship of the supply rate of the oxygen introduced.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Tubular pipe 2 ... Injection nozzle 3 ... Rising pipe 4 ... Rising pipe base part 5 ... Adhesive carbon 6 ... Rising pipe soot pipe part 7 ... Oxygen-containing gas blowing apparatus 8 ... Flow control valve 9 ... Compressed gas supply device 10 ... Horizontal movement device 11 ... Base 12 ... Vertical movement device 13 ... Extruder 14 ... Pressure gauge 15 ... Gas Collection tube 16 ... Thermocouple 17 ... Pitot tube 18 ... Gas conduit 19 ... Ring tube internal blocking plate 20 ... Flexible connection tube 21 ... Support frame

Claims (1)

コークス炉炭化室の上昇管配置側の炭化室上部から上昇管内にノズルを介して圧縮した酸素含有気体吹き出して上昇管下部に負圧を発生させ、上昇管内にコークス炉外から高速導入した空気により上昇管内壁に付着したカーボンを燃焼除去するコークス炉上昇管の付着カーボン燃焼除去方法において、
(A)付着カーボンが燃焼除去された後の燃焼排ガスを含む気体の流量(V3)及びガス組成を測定し、
(B)前記燃焼排ガスを含む気体の流量(V3)及びガス組成の測定値と、
付着カーボンの燃焼で生成した一酸化炭素量CO(Ox3)と二酸化炭素量CO 2 (Ox4)、および未反応の酸素量(Ox5)と、圧縮気体供給装置から供給される酸素含有気体中の酸素量(Ox1)とから、
酸素に関する物質収支式(Ox1+Ox2=Ox3+Ox4+Ox5)を用いてコークス炉外から上昇管内に導入される酸素分子の供給速度(VOx2)を求め、
(C)前記燃焼排ガスを含む気体の流量(V3)及びガス組成の測定値から求められた付着カーボンの燃焼除去量(W)と燃焼除去に要した時間(Δt)とから付着カーボンの燃焼除去速度(G=W/Δt)を求め、
(D)前記(B)及び(C)でそれぞれ求められたコークス炉外から上昇管内に導入される酸素分子の供給速度(VOx2)及び付着カーボンの燃焼除去速度(G)と、圧縮気体供給装置から供給される酸素含有気体のガス供給速度(V1)から導出される、前記酸素含有気体中の酸素分子の供給速度(Vox1=0.21×V1)とから、下記(1)式に示す、上昇管に導入される全酸素分子の供給速度(VOxt=VOx1+VOx2)と付着カーボンの燃焼除去速度(G)の関係を求めるとともに、
(E)前記(B)で求められたコークス炉外から上昇管内に導入される酸素分子の供給速度(VOx2)と、圧縮気体供給装置から供給される酸素含有気体のガス供給速度(V1)とから、酸素含有吹き出し装置の形式毎に、下記(2)式に示す、コークス炉外から上昇管内に導入される酸素分子の供給速度(VOx2)と圧縮気体供給装置から供給される酸素含有気体のガス供給速度(V1)の関係を求め、
(F)前記(D)及び(E)で求められた下記(1)式及び(2)式から下記(4)式に示す、上昇管内に付着するカーボン量に応じて、決められた時間内で上昇管内の付着カーボンの除去作業が可能な付着カーボンの燃焼除去速度(G’)と圧縮気体供給装置から供給される酸素含有気体のガス供給速度(V1’)の関係式を導出し、
(G)酸素含有吹き出し装置の形式毎に、上昇管内に付着するカーボン量に応じて、決められた時間内で付着カーボンの除去作業が可能な付着カーボンの燃焼除去速度(G’)に対応して(4)式で求まる圧縮気体供給装置から供給される酸素含有気体のガス供給速度(V1’)を設定し、該設定値になるように、圧縮気体供給装置から供給される酸素含有気体のガス供給速度(V1)を、制御することを特徴とするコークス炉上昇管内の付着カーボンの除去方法。
G=αVOxt=α(VOx1+VOx2) (1)
VOx2=βV1 (2)
V11/[α×(0.21+β)]× (4)
V1;圧縮気体供給装置から供給される酸素含有気体のガス供給速度(Nm3 /時)
上昇管内に付着するカーボン量に応じて、決められた時間内で付着カーボンの除去作業が可能な付着カーボン燃焼除去速度(kg/分)
α;係数
β;酸素含有吹き出し装置の形式毎に定められる係数
Oxygen-containing gas blown from the upper part of the carbonization chamber on the side of the riser arrangement side of the coke oven chamber into the riser through a nozzle to generate a negative pressure in the lower part of the riser, and air introduced into the riser from outside the coke oven at high speed In the carbon combustion removal method of the coke oven riser that burns and removes carbon adhering to the inner wall of the riser,
(A) Measure the flow rate (V3) and gas composition of the gas containing the combustion exhaust gas after the attached carbon is burned and removed,
(B) the flow rate (V3) of the gas containing the combustion exhaust gas and the measured value of the gas composition;
Amount of carbon monoxide generated by the combustion of the deposited carbon CO and (Ox3) amount of carbon dioxide CO 2 (Ox4), and the amount of oxygen unreacted (OX5), oxygen in the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the compressed gas supply device From the amount (Ox1)
Using the mass balance equation for oxygen (Ox1 + Ox2 = Ox3 + Ox4 + Ox5), obtain the supply rate (VOx2) of oxygen molecules introduced from the outside of the coke oven into the riser,
(C) Combustion removal of adhering carbon from the amount of burnt carbon removal (W) determined from the flow rate (V3) of the gas containing the combustion exhaust gas and the measured value of the gas composition and the time (Δt) required for combustion removal Find the speed (G = W / Δt)
(D) Oxygen molecule supply rate (VOx2) and burnt carbon removal rate (G) of oxygen molecules introduced from the outside of the coke oven determined in (B) and (C), respectively, and a compressed gas supply device From the supply rate of oxygen molecules in the oxygen-containing gas (Vox1 = 0.21 × V1) derived from the gas supply rate (V1) of the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the following formula (1), While obtaining the relationship between the supply rate (VOxt = VOx1 + VOx2) of all oxygen molecules introduced into the riser and the combustion removal rate (G) of attached carbon,
(E) The supply rate (VOx2) of oxygen molecules introduced into the riser from the outside of the coke oven determined in (B) above, and the gas supply rate (V1) of the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the compressed gas supply device For each type of oxygen-containing blowing device, the oxygen molecule supply rate (VOx2) introduced from the outside of the coke oven into the riser and the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the compressed gas supply device are shown in the following equation (2). Obtain the relationship of gas supply speed (V1),
(F) Within the time determined according to the amount of carbon adhering to the riser shown in the following formula (4) from the following formulas (1) and (2) obtained in the above (D) and (E): Deriving a relational expression between the combustion removal rate (G ′) of the attached carbon capable of removing the attached carbon in the riser and the gas supply rate (V1 ′) of the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the compressed gas supply device,
(G) For each type of oxygen-containing blowing device, according to the amount of carbon adhering to the riser, it corresponds to the combustion removal rate (G ′) of the adhering carbon that can remove the adhering carbon within a predetermined time. The gas supply speed (V1 ′) of the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the compressed gas supply device obtained by the equation (4) is set, and the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the compressed gas supply device is set to the set value . A method for removing adhering carbon in a coke oven riser , wherein the gas supply rate (V1) is controlled.
G = αVOxt = α (VOx1 + VOx2) (1)
VOx2 = βV1 (2)
V1 = 1 / [α × (0.21 + β)] × G (4)
V1 ; gas supply rate of oxygen-containing gas supplied from the compressed gas supply device (Nm 3 / hour)
G : Adhesive carbon combustion removal rate (kg / min) that enables removal of adhering carbon within a predetermined time according to the amount of carbon adhering to the riser
α: coefficient
β: Coefficient determined for each type of oxygen-containing blowing device
JP09101697A 1997-04-09 1997-04-09 Method for removing carbon adhering to coke oven riser Expired - Fee Related JP4358314B2 (en)

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