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JP4359979B2 - Covered sliding member - Google Patents
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JP4359979B2 - Covered sliding member - Google Patents

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JP4359979B2
JP4359979B2 JP35685699A JP35685699A JP4359979B2 JP 4359979 B2 JP4359979 B2 JP 4359979B2 JP 35685699 A JP35685699 A JP 35685699A JP 35685699 A JP35685699 A JP 35685699A JP 4359979 B2 JP4359979 B2 JP 4359979B2
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Prior art keywords
film
coating
sliding member
coated
diamond
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JP2001172766A (en
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一彦 織田
美紀 入江
久典 大原
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Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
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Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、表面コーティングを施した機械部品などの摺動部材に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
現在工業製品に使用されている摺動部材には、鋼やセラミックス材料など各種材料が使用されている。そして、その多くには、焼付や摩擦抵抗を低減させるための各種試みがなされており、例えば、潤滑剤の使用、摺動面の形状や粗さの最適化、硬化処理、摺動面への被覆処理等が挙げられる。
【0003】
摺動面の被覆処理に関しては、クロム処理めっき処理、リン酸塩皮膜処理などが古くから適用されているが、最近では、二硫化モリブデン処理や窒化クロム処理、窒化チタン処理などが注目を浴びている。これらの例として、特開平7−118832号公報、特開昭61−87950号公報、特開平6−57407号公報等が挙げられる。また、特開平6−227882号公報に記載されるように、硬質炭素膜やを摺動部品に適用しようとする試みもなされており、特開平6−227882号公報記載の温水栓やハードディスクなどの磁気記憶媒体など既にいくつかの製品で実用化がなされている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
近年、電気製品の小型化、携帯化に伴う消費電力低減の動きが著しく、駆動部の摩擦抵抗の低減が大きな課題となっている。また、自動車など輸送用機器分野においても低燃費化が強く叫ばれ、エンジンなどの摺動部における摩擦係数の低減への要求も強い。一方で、高面圧の摺動や駆動部の長寿命化など、耐摩耗性への関心も依然として高いものがある。
【0005】
そうしたなか、特開平6−294307号公報に示されるように、摺動部にダイヤモンドを適用しようという試みもなされているが、ダイヤモンドは高額であると同時に研磨コストが高く、機械部品として普及することを阻んできた。
【0006】
一般に、摩擦摩耗において表面粗さは耐摩耗性や摩擦係数に大きく影響を及ぼす。平滑であれば極めて低い摩擦係数を示すダイヤモンドも、例えば気相合成で得られるダイヤモンド膜の表面は極めて粗く、摩擦係数や相手攻撃性が大きくなるという問題を有していた。図1は、従来のダイヤモンド被膜を被覆した摺動部材の摺動前(a)、及び摺動後(b)の断面概略図である。本発明は、ダイヤモンドを被覆した表面が粗い場合に、摩擦係数や相手攻撃性が小さい摺動特性を実現する事を目的としている。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明では、ダイヤモンド、あるいはダイヤモンド微結晶を含む被膜を被覆した部材の摩擦係数を低減するべく、次のものを提案する。
【0008】
被膜が被覆された摺動部材において、ビッカース硬度8000より大きいダイヤモンド被膜、またはダイヤモンド微結晶を30体積%以上含有する下層被膜を形成しさらに、この下層被膜上にヌープ硬度が20以上2000以下である炭素膜または金属膜または化合物膜からなる上層被膜が積層されていることを特徴とする被覆摺動部材である。
【0009】
ダイヤモンド被膜、あるいはダイヤモンド微結晶を30体積%以上含有する被膜は、一般に耐摩耗性が優れ、また摩擦係数も低い。ダイヤモンド微結晶を含有する割合が30体積%より小さい被膜は、8000以下の硬度となりやすく硬度が小さいために耐摩耗性が劣り、摩擦係数も高くなる。一方、ダイヤモンド被膜、あるいはダイヤモンド微結晶を30体積%以上含有する被膜であっても、基材が粗かったり、被膜そのものが粗い場合には、摩擦係数と相手攻撃性が大きくなる。これを防ぐため、この上層に、ヌープ硬度が20以上2000以下の炭素膜または金属膜または化合物膜を積層することとした。
【0010】
図2に本発明による摺動部材の、摺動前(a)、及び摺動後(b)の断面概略図を示す。炭素膜または金属膜または化合物膜の上層被膜は、摺動の初期に凸の部分から磨耗され、短時間で凸部が平滑になる。凸部が平坦化するに伴い、下層被膜が部分的に表層に現れる。上層被膜は、硬度が高い下層被膜よりやや凹となり、相手材と固体接触するのは逆にやや凸となり残った下層被膜の部分が主となる。全体的には表面は平滑になるため、相手攻撃性は小さく、固体接触するダイヤモンドの効果で摩擦係数は小さくなる。
【0011】
炭素膜、金属膜または化合物膜の上層被膜のヌープ硬度は、2000より大きいとでは硬すぎて摺動による平滑化に時間がかかり好ましくない。ヌープ硬度が20より小さい場合には、柔らかすぎて簡単に除去されてしまう。
【0012】
膜のヌープ硬度、ビッカース硬度は、あらかじめ単層で得られた膜の硬さで成膜条件を設定するのが一般的である。積層した後のそれぞれの膜の硬さを測定するには、膜表面を斜めに研磨するかまたはボール膜厚計による研磨を行なうことで、各層のヌープ硬度を測定することが出来る。
また、下層被膜のダイヤモンド微結晶の割合は、透過型電子顕微鏡による画像から求めることが出来る。
【0013】
上層被膜に適用される材料は、炭素、アルミニウム、シリコン、チタン、クロム、鉄、ニッケル、亜鉛、モリブデン、銀、タングステン、金、二硫化モリブデン等の硫化物、ホウ化チタン等のホウ化物、リン酸マンガンなおのリン酸塩、炭化チタン、窒化チタン、炭窒化チタン、窒化チタンアルミニウム、窒化クロムなどの炭化物、窒化物、炭窒化物のいずれか1種類以上を用いることが好ましい。
【0014】
さらに好ましくは、上層被膜のヌープ硬度が1000以上2000以下の硬質炭素膜である場合である。硬質炭素膜そのものが優れた摺動性を有するからである。ここで、硬質炭素膜の硬さが、ヌープ硬度の値が2000より大きいと、前述のように硬すぎて摺動による平滑化に時間がかかり好ましくない。ヌープ硬度が1000より小さくても十分に効果があるが、耐摩耗性において特に好ましい領域がヌープ硬度1000以上である。
【0015】
膜厚に関しては、上層被膜の炭素膜、金属膜または化合物膜は、一般に0.1μm以上2.0μm以下であることが好ましい。0.1μmより小さい膜厚では薄すぎるので凸部の平滑化の機能を十分に果たせなく、2.0μmより大きいと被覆処理のコストが大きくなるためである。
【0016】
さらに望ましくは、上層被膜の炭素膜、金属膜または化合物膜の膜厚は、上層被膜の平均表面粗さRa以上であり上層被膜の最大表面粗さRmax以下が好ましい。ここで、厳密には平均表面粗さRaと最大表面粗さRmaxは、上層被膜を被覆する前の下層被膜の表面粗さで規定してもよいが、上層被膜を炭素膜または金属膜または化合物膜を被覆した後の粗さで規定しても大きくは変わらない。
上層被膜の膜厚が、上層被膜の平均表面粗さRaより小さい場合、薄すぎて凸部の平滑化の機能を十分に果たせなく、上層被膜の最大表面粗さRmaxより大きい場合、摺動特性に優れた下層被膜のダイヤモンドの効果が現れにくいためである。
【0017】
また、ダイヤモンド被膜またはダイヤモンド微結晶を30体積%以上含有する下層被膜の厚さは、任意の厚さが適用できるが、好ましくは0.5μm以上3μm以下であることが望ましい。膜厚が3μmを越えると、表面粗さが大きくなり摺動部材として不利になることと、製造コストが高くなることがあげられる。膜厚が0.5μmより小さくなると、ダイヤモンド結晶が島状にばらばらに離れた状態となりやすく、膜として母材全体を覆うことが困難になることがあるためである。ただし、この範囲より下層被膜が厚い場合でも、あるいは薄い場合でも、十分に効果は認められる。
【0018】
上層被膜の表面粗さは、平均表面粗さRaが0.15μm以上0.3μm以下であるものが最適である。この表面粗さは、下層被膜を被覆した段階の粗さでもよいが、上層の炭素膜または金属膜または化合物膜を被覆した後の粗さで規定しても大きくは変わらない。層被膜の平均表面粗さRaが0.3μmより大きくても、本発明による下層被膜、上層被膜を被覆すると、摩耗や摩擦係数を小さくする効果は十分ある。しかし、あらかじめ基材の粗さを十分に小さくするなどして、できるかぎり平均表面粗さRaを0.3μm以下にした方がより効果的である。さらに下層被膜を成膜後、または上層被膜を成膜後に研磨工程を追加して面粗さを小さくしてもよい。
【0019】
これらの被覆摺動部材の母材としては、各種鋼材、WC基の超硬合金、あるいは窒化硅素、炭化硅素、酸化アルミ、酸化ジルコニウムなどをベースにした各種セラミックス、アルミニウム合金、マグネシウム合金等が最適である。
【0020】
膜の構造においては、下層被膜と母材との間に、密着性の向上や、母材硬度の向上を目的として、さらに中間層をもうけることもできる。その中間層の例としては、シリコン、炭化ケイ素、炭化チタン、炭化タングステンなどが挙げられる。
【0021】
各種鋼材、アルミニウム合金、マグネシウム合金等、基材上に直接にダイヤモンドの合成が困難な場合は、別の基材にあらかじめ気相合成ダイヤを合成したのちにこのダイヤ膜を取りだし目的の基材上にろう付けなどの手法で張り付けてもよい。
【0022】
使用環境としては、潤滑下、無潤滑下いずれの環境下でも効果がある。しかし、摩擦係数の差が現れにくい液体潤滑下でその効果は顕著となる。
液体潤滑下でも、自動車エンジンオイルや機械油をはじめとする油潤滑下で使用すると摩擦損失の低減に極めて効果が大きい。
【0023】
具体的な適用対象としては、高速摺動、高面圧摺動の部品に適する。紡績・繊維関係では、家庭用・工業用ミシンの釜や、糸道、各種軸受などの高速摺動部品に適する。OA機器では、レーザープリンタなどのOA機器の高速軸受などが挙げられる。家電では、冷蔵庫やエアコンのコンプレッサ部品などの高面圧部品に適する。自動車などの輸送機器においては、エンジン部品が挙げられ、ピストンやクランクシャフトなどの主運動系、カムとロッカーアーム・シム・リフター、バルブとバルブシートなどの動弁系部品、プランジャーなどの燃料噴射ポンプ周辺部品などが挙げられる。
また、本構造の被膜は、摺動部品以外の分野、例えば、工具や金型等にも適用しても、耐摩耗性等の点で十分に効果を発揮する。
【0024】
ダイヤモンド被膜の下層被膜は、マイクロ波プラズマCVD法、ECRプラズマCVD法、フィラメントCVD法、燃焼炎法などの気相合成法で得られるものが好ましい。また、ダイヤモンド微結晶を30体積%以上含有する下層被膜も、マイクロ波プラズマCVD法、ECRプラズマCVD法、フィラメントCVD法、燃焼炎法などの気相合成法で得られるものが好ましく、この場合、ダイヤモンド以外の部分は、非晶質の炭素やグラファイトなどの相で形成される。
【0025】
また、後者のダイヤモンド微結晶を30体積%以上含有する被膜は、高圧合成法などによるダイヤモンド微粒を30体積%以上含有させた複合材料でもよく、複合化に用いるマトリクス材料としては、樹脂や金属、セラミックス等が適用できる。
基材上に直接にダイヤモンドの合成が困難な場合は、別に合成したダイヤを目的の基材上にろう付けなどの手法で張り付けてもよい。
【0026】
上層被膜が金属膜または化合物膜の場合は、スパッタリング法、各種プラズマCVD法、イオンプレーティング法、カソードアークイオンプレーティング法、真空蒸着法、レーザーアブレーション法、イオンビームスパッタ法等の公知の方法で成膜することができる。
【0027】
また上層被膜が炭素膜の場合、結晶質ダイヤモンド薄膜の合成に適用されているマイクロ波プラズマCVD法、ECRプラズマCVD法、フィラメントCVD法、燃焼炎法等のほかに、高周波や直流電圧、パルス直流電圧、ホロカソード、ホットカソードを適用したアークなどの各種プラズマ源を用いたプラズマCVD法、炭素または炭化水素イオンを用いるイオンビーム蒸着法、固体炭素源からスパッタリングやアーク放電、レーザー照射にて炭素を気化し基体上に成膜する手法等が適用できる。
なお、密着性の観点からは、下層被膜と上層被膜の炭素膜、金属膜または化合物膜とを連続的に処理することが望ましい。
【0028】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の具体的な実施の形態については実施例で示すが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0029】
【実施例】
(実施例1)
フィラメントCVD法により、超硬合金基材上にに膜厚2μmの気相合成ダイヤモンドを析出させた。この気相合成ダイヤモンドのヌープ硬度は8000より大きかった。この表面に表1に示す各種成膜方法で各種被膜を形成した。また比較のため、上層被膜を積層しない単層のダイヤモンド膜も作製した。
【0030】
得られた積層被膜につき、ピン・オン・ディスク法による摩擦摩耗試験を行なった。雰囲気は、軽油中および機械油の滴下による潤滑とし、積層膜をディスク、相手材は先端曲率半径R3mmのSUJ2製ピン、加重10N、回転速度500rpm(摺動速度100mm/sec)、回転回数1万回とした。
1万回の摺動試験終了時に摩擦係数を、摺動試験後に、相手材ピンの磨耗痕の直径を測定した。結果を表2にまとめる。
【0031】
表面が粗い単層のダイヤモンドは、摩擦係数が低く、相手攻撃性が非常に高い。しかし、上層に各種の被覆することで、摩擦係数は低下し、相手攻撃性が低減する。しかし、硬度が3200の窒化チタンアルミニウムを被覆したものは、大きな摩擦係数と相手攻撃性を示した。
【0032】
【表1】

Figure 0004359979
【0033】
【表2】
Figure 0004359979
【0034】
(実施例2)
マイクロ波プラズマCVD法により、窒化硅素基材上に膜厚2μmのダイヤモンド微結晶含有膜を析出させた。このダイヤモンド微結晶含有膜のヌープ硬度は8000より大きかった。透過型電子顕微鏡によりこの膜におけるダイヤモンド微結晶の割合を測定した結果、40体積%がダイヤモンド微結晶であった。この下層被膜の表面に表3に示す各種硬度の硬質炭素膜を形成した。
【0035】
得られた積層被膜につき、ピン・オン・ディスク法による摩擦摩耗試験を行なった。雰囲気は、乾式大気中およびエンジンオイル10W−40SHの滴下による潤滑とし、実施例1と同じ方法で摺動試験を行なった。比較のため、未コートの窒化硅素基材とダイヤモンド被膜のみ処理した試験片についても試験を行なった。結果を表4に示す。
上層被膜に硬質炭素膜を積層することで、摩擦係数と相手摩耗量が小さくなることがわかる。特に、上層の硬質炭素膜のヌープ硬度が、1000以上2000以下でその傾向は顕著である。
【0036】
【表3】
Figure 0004359979
【0037】
【表4】
Figure 0004359979
【0038】
(実施例3)
ECRプラズマCVD法により、超硬合金基材上に膜厚2μmの気相合成ダイヤモンドを析出させた。この気相合成ダイヤモンドのヌープ硬度は8000より大きかった。この表面に表5に示す各種膜厚の硬質炭素膜を形成した。
【0039】
得られた積層被膜につき、ピン・オン・ディスク法による摩擦摩耗試験を行なった。雰囲気は、乾式大気中およびエンジンオイル10W−40SHの滴下による潤滑とし、実施例1と同じ方法で摺動試験を行なった。結果を表6に示す。
上層の硬質炭素膜の膜厚が0.1μ以上2μm以下で摩擦係数や相手攻撃性が小さいことがわかる。また特に、硬質炭素膜の膜厚が表面粗さRa以上Rmax以下でその傾向は顕著になる。
【0040】
【表5】
Figure 0004359979
【0041】
【表6】
Figure 0004359979
【0042】
(実施例4)
マイクロ波プラズマCVD法により、窒化硅素基材上に膜厚1.5μmの気相合成ダイヤモンドを析出させた。この気相合成ダイヤモンドのヌープ硬度は8000より大きかった。この表面に表7に示す各種膜厚の二硫化モリブデン被膜を形成した。
【0043】
得られた積層被膜につき、ピン・オン・ディスク法による摩擦摩耗試験を行なった。雰囲気は、軽油中およびエンジンオイル10W−40SHの滴下による潤滑とし、実施例1と同じ方法で摺動試験を行なった。結果を表8に示す。
上層の二硫化モリブデン被膜の膜厚が0.1μ以上2μm以下で摩擦係数や相手攻撃性が小さいことがわかる。また特に、二硫化モリブデン被膜の膜厚が表面粗さRa以上Rmax以下でその傾向は顕著になる。
【0044】
【表7】
Figure 0004359979
【0045】
【表8】
Figure 0004359979
【0046】
(実施例5)
フィラメントCVD法により、炭化硅素基材上に表9に示す各種膜厚の気相合成ダイヤモンドを析出させた。この気相合成ダイヤモンドのヌープ硬度は8000より大きかった。この表面にヌープ硬度1500の硬質炭素膜を膜厚0.8μmの厚さで積層した。また、膜厚4μmのダイヤモンド被膜を下層に、上層硬質炭素膜を積層にしたものの一つは、硬質炭素膜表面から研磨を行ない、表面粗さを小さくして試験に供試した。
【0047】
得られた積層被膜につき、ピン・オン・ディスク法による摩擦摩耗試験を行なった。雰囲気は、乾式大気中および機械油の滴下による潤滑とし、実施例1と同じ方法で摺動試験を行なった。結果を表10に示す。
下層のダイヤモンド被膜の膜厚が0.5μ以上3μm以下で摩擦係数や相手攻撃性が小さいことがわかる。
また、下層のダイヤモンド膜の膜厚が厚くても、硬質炭素膜を積層後に研磨することで、摩擦係数と相手攻撃性の低減が見られた。この研磨はダイヤモンド被膜そのものを研磨するより容易であった。
【0048】
【表9】
Figure 0004359979
【0049】
【表10】
Figure 0004359979
【0050】
(実施例6)
窒化硅素製のプランジャーの外周に実施例2−11の処理を施した。実施例2−11の処理を施したプランジャーは、コーティング処理の無いものに対して80倍の時間、安定して作動した。
【0051】
(実施例7)
窒化ケイ素製の軸の外周に、実施例4−20の被覆を施した。これを窒化ケイ素製の軸受と組み合わせて使用したところ、実施例4−20の軸と摺動した軸受は、未コートの軸と摺動した軸受の1/20の摩耗量であった。
【0052】
(実施例8)
ステンレス製の加工品が搬送される超硬合金製の搬送用レールに、実施例1−7と比較例1−2の被覆処理を施した。これらを実際に使用したところ、未コートのレールでは滑りが悪く製品の流れが滞るという問題が発生した。比較例1−2の処理のレールでは、製品の流れはスムーズであったが、製品のすべり面の傷による不良率が20%を超えた。一方実施例1−7のレールでは、製品の流れはスムーズで、傷の発生も極めて少なく傷による不良率は1%以下であった。
【0053】
(実施例9)
続いて、エンジンの動弁系の窒化硅素製のシムのカムとの摺動面に、実施例2−12と比較例2−6の処理を施した。実施例2−12の処理のリフターは、未コートのリフターに対し5割、比較例2−6の処理のリフターに対し4割の摩擦抵抗の低減が確認された。また、カムの磨耗に関しても、未コートの約半分、比較例2−6の5分の1であった。
【0054】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、摺動部材においてダイヤモンド被膜あるいはダイヤモンド微結晶を30体積%以上含有する被膜を被覆した表面が粗い場合に、摩擦係数や相手攻撃性が小さい摺動特性を実現することができ有用である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】ダイヤモンド被膜のみを被覆した摺動部材の摺動前及び摺動後の断面概略図である。
【図2】本発明による摺動部材の摺動前及び摺動後の断面概略図である。
【符号の説明】
1 基材
2 ダイヤモンド被膜
3 相手材
4 下層被膜
5 上層被膜[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a sliding member such as a machine part having a surface coating.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Various materials such as steel and ceramic materials are used for sliding members currently used in industrial products. Many of them have made various attempts to reduce seizure and frictional resistance. For example, use of a lubricant, optimization of the shape and roughness of the sliding surface, curing treatment, and application to the sliding surface. Examples include coating treatment.
[0003]
As for the coating treatment of the sliding surface, chromium treatment plating treatment, phosphate coating treatment, etc. have been applied for a long time, but recently, molybdenum disulfide treatment, chromium nitride treatment, titanium nitride treatment, etc. have attracted attention. Yes. Examples of these include JP-A-7-118832, JP-A-61-87950, JP-A-6-57407, and the like. In addition, as described in JP-A-6-227882, attempts have been made to apply a hard carbon film or the like to sliding parts, such as hot water stoppers and hard disks described in JP-A-6-227882. Some products such as magnetic storage media have already been put to practical use.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, there has been a significant movement toward reducing power consumption accompanying the downsizing and porting of electrical products, and reducing the frictional resistance of the drive unit has become a major issue. Also, in the field of transportation equipment such as automobiles, fuel efficiency is strongly screamed, and there is a strong demand for reducing the friction coefficient in sliding parts such as engines. On the other hand, there is still a high interest in wear resistance, such as sliding with high surface pressure and extending the life of the drive unit.
[0005]
Under such circumstances, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-294307, an attempt has been made to apply diamond to the sliding portion. However, diamond is expensive and at the same time has a high polishing cost and is widely used as a machine part. Has been blocked.
[0006]
Generally, in frictional wear, the surface roughness greatly affects the wear resistance and the friction coefficient. Diamonds exhibiting a very low friction coefficient if smooth are also problematic in that, for example, the surface of a diamond film obtained by vapor phase synthesis is extremely rough, and the friction coefficient and partner attack are increased. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a conventional sliding member coated with a diamond coating before sliding (a) and after sliding (b). An object of the present invention is to realize a sliding characteristic with a small coefficient of friction and opponent attack when the surface coated with diamond is rough.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the present invention, the following is proposed in order to reduce the friction coefficient of a member coated with diamond or a film containing diamond crystallites.
[0008]
In the sliding member coated with the film, a diamond film having a Vickers hardness of more than 8000 or a lower film containing 30% by volume or more of diamond crystallites is formed, and the Knoop hardness is 20 or more and 2000 or less on the lower film. The coated sliding member is characterized in that an upper film made of a carbon film, a metal film or a compound film is laminated.
[0009]
A diamond film or a film containing 30% by volume or more of diamond crystallites generally has excellent wear resistance and a low coefficient of friction. A coating containing less than 30% by volume of diamond crystallites is likely to have a hardness of 8000 or less and has a low hardness, resulting in poor wear resistance and a high friction coefficient. On the other hand, even with a diamond film or a film containing 30% by volume or more of diamond crystallites, if the substrate is rough or the film itself is rough, the coefficient of friction and the partner's aggressiveness increase. In order to prevent this, a carbon film, a metal film or a compound film having a Knoop hardness of 20 or more and 2000 or less is laminated on this upper layer.
[0010]
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the sliding member according to the present invention before sliding (a) and after sliding (b). The upper film of the carbon film, the metal film, or the compound film is worn from the convex portion at the initial stage of sliding, and the convex portion becomes smooth in a short time. As the convex portion flattens, the lower layer film partially appears on the surface layer. The upper layer film is slightly concave as compared with the lower layer film having high hardness, and the portion of the lower layer film that remains in the form of a slightly convex surface remains in contact with the mating material. Since the surface is generally smooth, the opponent's aggression is small, and the friction coefficient is small due to the effect of diamond in solid contact.
[0011]
If the Knoop hardness of the upper film of the carbon film, metal film or compound film is greater than 2000, it is too hard, and it is not preferable because smoothing by sliding is time consuming. If the Knoop hardness is less than 20, it is too soft and easily removed.
[0012]
As for the Knoop hardness and Vickers hardness of the film, the film forming conditions are generally set by the hardness of the film obtained in advance as a single layer. In order to measure the hardness of each film after lamination, the Knoop hardness of each layer can be measured by polishing the film surface obliquely or by polishing with a ball film thickness meter.
Moreover, the ratio of the diamond microcrystal of a lower layer film can be calculated | required from the image by a transmission electron microscope.
[0013]
The material applied to the upper film is carbon, aluminum, silicon, titanium, chromium, iron, nickel, zinc, molybdenum, silver, tungsten, gold, sulfide such as molybdenum disulfide, boride such as titanium boride, phosphorus It is preferable to use at least one of manganese oxide phosphate, titanium carbide, titanium nitride, titanium carbonitride, titanium aluminum nitride, chromium nitride and other carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides.
[0014]
More preferably, the upper layer film is a hard carbon film having a Knoop hardness of 1000 or more and 2000 or less. This is because the hard carbon film itself has excellent slidability. Here, if the hardness of the hard carbon film is more than 2000, the hardness of the hard carbon film is not preferable because it is too hard as described above, and it takes time for smoothing by sliding. Even if the Knoop hardness is less than 1000, it is sufficiently effective, but a particularly preferable region in terms of wear resistance is the Knoop hardness of 1000 or more.
[0015]
Regarding the film thickness, the carbon film, metal film or compound film of the upper film is generally preferably 0.1 μm or more and 2.0 μm or less. This is because if the film thickness is smaller than 0.1 μm, it is too thin to sufficiently perform the smoothing function of the convex portion, and if it is larger than 2.0 μm, the cost of the coating process increases.
[0016]
More desirably, the film thickness of the carbon film, metal film or compound film of the upper film is preferably not less than the average surface roughness Ra of the upper film and not more than the maximum surface roughness Rmax of the upper film. Strictly speaking, the average surface roughness Ra and the maximum surface roughness Rmax may be defined by the surface roughness of the lower layer film before coating the upper layer film, but the upper layer film may be defined as a carbon film, a metal film or a compound. Even if it is defined by the roughness after coating the film, it does not change greatly.
When the film thickness of the upper film is smaller than the average surface roughness Ra of the upper film, it is too thin to sufficiently perform the smoothing function of the convex part, and when it is larger than the maximum surface roughness Rmax of the upper film, the sliding characteristics This is because the effect of the diamond of the lower layer coating excellent in the resistance is hardly exhibited.
[0017]
Moreover, the thickness of the lower layer film containing 30% by volume or more of the diamond film or diamond crystallites can be applied to any thickness, but is preferably 0.5 μm or more and 3 μm or less. When the film thickness exceeds 3 μm, the surface roughness becomes large, which is disadvantageous as a sliding member, and the production cost is increased. This is because if the film thickness is smaller than 0.5 μm, the diamond crystals are likely to be separated in an island shape and it may be difficult to cover the entire base material as a film. However, even if the lower layer film is thicker or thinner than this range, a sufficient effect is recognized.
[0018]
The surface roughness of the upper layer film is optimal when the average surface roughness Ra is from 0.15 μm to 0.3 μm. This surface roughness may be the roughness at the stage of coating the lower layer coating, but it does not change greatly even if it is defined by the roughness after coating the upper carbon film, metal film or compound film. Be an average surface roughness Ra of the upper layer film is greater than 0.3 [mu] m, lower film of the present invention, when coating the upper film, the effect of reducing the wear and the friction coefficient is sufficient. However, it is more effective to reduce the average surface roughness Ra to 0.3 μm or less as much as possible by reducing the roughness of the base material in advance. After further forming the lower film, or but it may also be the upper film is reduced to add a grinding process surface roughness after deposition.
[0019]
As the base material of these coated sliding members, various steel materials, WC-based cemented carbides, various ceramics based on silicon nitride, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, etc., aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, etc. are optimal. It is.
[0020]
In the film structure, an intermediate layer can be further provided between the lower layer coating and the base material for the purpose of improving the adhesion and the base material hardness. Examples of the intermediate layer include silicon, silicon carbide, titanium carbide, tungsten carbide and the like.
[0021]
When it is difficult to synthesize diamond directly on a base material such as various steel materials, aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, etc., after synthesizing a gas phase synthesis diamond on another base material, take out this diamond film and place it on the target base material. It may be pasted by a technique such as brazing.
[0022]
The usage environment is effective in both lubricated and non-lubricated environments. However, the effect becomes remarkable under the liquid lubrication in which the difference in the friction coefficient hardly appears.
Even under liquid lubrication, it is extremely effective in reducing friction loss when used under oil lubrication such as automobile engine oil and machine oil.
[0023]
As a specific application object, it is suitable for high speed sliding and high surface pressure sliding parts. For spinning and textiles, it is suitable for high-speed sliding parts such as domestic and industrial sewing machine hooks, yarn paths, and various bearings. Examples of the OA equipment include high-speed bearings of OA equipment such as a laser printer. In home appliances, it is suitable for high surface pressure parts such as compressor parts for refrigerators and air conditioners. In transportation equipment such as automobiles, engine parts are listed, main motion systems such as pistons and crankshafts, valve and valve parts such as cams and rocker arms, shims and lifters, valves and valve seats, and fuel injections such as plungers. Examples include pump peripheral parts.
Moreover, even if the coating film of this structure is applied to fields other than sliding parts, for example, tools and dies, it is sufficiently effective in terms of wear resistance and the like.
[0024]
The lower layer coating of the diamond coating is preferably obtained by a vapor phase synthesis method such as a microwave plasma CVD method, an ECR plasma CVD method, a filament CVD method, or a combustion flame method. Further, the lower layer film containing 30% by volume or more of diamond crystallites is also preferably obtained by a vapor phase synthesis method such as a microwave plasma CVD method, an ECR plasma CVD method, a filament CVD method, a combustion flame method, Portions other than diamond are formed of a phase such as amorphous carbon or graphite.
[0025]
The film containing 30% by volume or more of the diamond fine crystals of the latter may be a composite material containing 30% by volume or more of diamond fine particles by a high pressure synthesis method or the like. As a matrix material used for the composite, resin, metal, Ceramics etc. can be applied.
When it is difficult to synthesize diamond directly on the base material, a diamond synthesized separately may be pasted onto the target base material by a technique such as brazing.
[0026]
When the upper film is a metal film or a compound film, a known method such as a sputtering method, various plasma CVD methods, an ion plating method, a cathode arc ion plating method, a vacuum deposition method, a laser ablation method, or an ion beam sputtering method is used. A film can be formed.
[0027]
In addition, when the upper film is a carbon film, in addition to the microwave plasma CVD method, ECR plasma CVD method, filament CVD method, combustion flame method, etc. that are applied to the synthesis of crystalline diamond thin films, high frequency, DC voltage, pulsed DC Plasma CVD using various plasma sources such as arc using voltage, holocathode, hot cathode, ion beam deposition using carbon or hydrocarbon ions, sputtering, arc discharge, laser irradiation from a solid carbon source For example, a method of forming a film on the substrate can be applied.
From the viewpoint of adhesion, it is desirable to continuously process the carbon film, metal film, or compound film of the lower layer film and the upper layer film.
[0028]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Specific embodiments of the present invention are shown in the examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0029]
【Example】
(Example 1)
Vapor phase synthetic diamond having a thickness of 2 μm was deposited on the cemented carbide substrate by filament CVD. The Knoop hardness of this gas phase synthetic diamond was greater than 8000. Various coatings were formed on this surface by various film forming methods shown in Table 1. For comparison, a single-layer diamond film without an upper film was also produced.
[0030]
The obtained multilayer coating was subjected to a frictional wear test by a pin-on-disk method. The atmosphere is lubrication by dripping in light oil and machine oil. The laminated film is a disk. Times.
The coefficient of friction was measured at the end of the 10,000 sliding tests, and the diameter of the wear mark of the mating material pin was measured after the sliding test. The results are summarized in Table 2.
[0031]
Single-layer diamond with a rough surface has a low coefficient of friction and very high opponent attack. However, by applying various coatings to the upper layer, the friction coefficient is lowered and the opponent attack is reduced. However, the one coated with titanium aluminum nitride having a hardness of 3200 showed a large coefficient of friction and a counter attack property.
[0032]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004359979
[0033]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004359979
[0034]
(Example 2)
A diamond microcrystal-containing film having a thickness of 2 μm was deposited on a silicon nitride substrate by a microwave plasma CVD method. The Knoop hardness of this diamond crystallite-containing film was greater than 8000. As a result of measuring the proportion of diamond crystallites in this film with a transmission electron microscope, 40% by volume was diamond crystallites. Hard carbon films having various hardnesses shown in Table 3 were formed on the surface of the lower layer coating.
[0035]
The obtained multilayer coating was subjected to a frictional wear test by a pin-on-disk method. The atmosphere was dry air and lubrication by dropping of engine oil 10W-40SH, and a sliding test was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. For comparison, a test was also performed on a test piece treated only with an uncoated silicon nitride substrate and a diamond coating. The results are shown in Table 4.
It can be seen that by laminating a hard carbon film on the upper film, the friction coefficient and the wear amount of the counterpart are reduced. In particular, the tendency is remarkable when the Knoop hardness of the upper hard carbon film is 1000 or more and 2000 or less.
[0036]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004359979
[0037]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004359979
[0038]
(Example 3)
Gas phase synthetic diamond having a film thickness of 2 μm was deposited on the cemented carbide substrate by ECR plasma CVD. The Knoop hardness of this gas phase synthetic diamond was greater than 8000. Hard carbon films having various film thicknesses shown in Table 5 were formed on this surface.
[0039]
The obtained multilayer coating was subjected to a frictional wear test by a pin-on-disk method. The atmosphere was dry air and lubrication by dropping of engine oil 10W-40SH, and a sliding test was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 6.
It can be seen that when the film thickness of the upper hard carbon film is 0.1 μm or more and 2 μm or less, the friction coefficient and the opponent attack are small. In particular, the tendency becomes remarkable when the film thickness of the hard carbon film is not less than the surface roughness Ra and not more than Rmax.
[0040]
[Table 5]
Figure 0004359979
[0041]
[Table 6]
Figure 0004359979
[0042]
(Example 4)
Vapor phase synthetic diamond with a film thickness of 1.5 μm was deposited on a silicon nitride substrate by microwave plasma CVD. The Knoop hardness of this gas phase synthetic diamond was greater than 8000. A molybdenum disulfide film having various film thicknesses shown in Table 7 was formed on this surface.
[0043]
The obtained multilayer coating was subjected to a frictional wear test by a pin-on-disk method. The atmosphere was lubricated in light oil and by dripping engine oil 10W-40SH, and a sliding test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 8.
It can be seen that when the film thickness of the upper molybdenum disulfide film is 0.1 μm or more and 2 μm or less, the coefficient of friction and the other-party attack are small. In particular, the tendency becomes remarkable when the film thickness of the molybdenum disulfide coating is not less than the surface roughness Ra and not more than Rmax.
[0044]
[Table 7]
Figure 0004359979
[0045]
[Table 8]
Figure 0004359979
[0046]
(Example 5)
Vapor phase synthetic diamond having various film thicknesses shown in Table 9 was deposited on a silicon carbide substrate by a filament CVD method. The Knoop hardness of this gas phase synthetic diamond was greater than 8000. On this surface, a hard carbon film having a Knoop hardness of 1500 was laminated to a thickness of 0.8 μm. In addition, one of the 4 μm thick diamond coatings in the lower layer and the upper hard carbon film laminated was polished from the surface of the hard carbon film to reduce the surface roughness and used for the test.
[0047]
The obtained multilayer coating was subjected to a frictional wear test by a pin-on-disk method. The atmosphere was dry air and lubrication by dripping machine oil, and a sliding test was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 10.
It can be seen that when the film thickness of the lower diamond film is 0.5 μm or more and 3 μm or less, the friction coefficient and the opponent attack are small.
Moreover, even if the lower diamond film was thick, polishing the hard carbon film after laminating reduced the friction coefficient and opponent attack. This polishing was easier than polishing the diamond coating itself.
[0048]
[Table 9]
Figure 0004359979
[0049]
[Table 10]
Figure 0004359979
[0050]
(Example 6)
The treatment of Example 2-11 was performed on the outer periphery of a silicon nitride plunger. The plunger subjected to the treatment of Example 2-11 operated stably for 80 times as compared with the case without the coating treatment.
[0051]
(Example 7)
The coating of Example 4-20 was applied to the outer periphery of the shaft made of silicon nitride. When this was used in combination with a silicon nitride bearing, the bearing sliding with the shaft of Example 4-20 had a wear amount of 1/20 of the bearing sliding with the uncoated shaft.
[0052]
(Example 8)
The coated rails of Example 1-7 and Comparative Example 1-2 were applied to a cemented carbide conveying rail on which a stainless steel workpiece was conveyed. When these were actually used, there was a problem that uncoated rails were not slippery and the product flow was slow. In the treated rail of Comparative Example 1-2, the product flow was smooth, but the defect rate due to scratches on the slip surface of the product exceeded 20%. On the other hand, in the rail of Example 1-7, the product flow was smooth, the occurrence of scratches was very small, and the defect rate due to scratches was 1% or less.
[0053]
Example 9
Subsequently, the treatment of Example 2-12 and Comparative Example 2-6 was performed on the sliding surface of the engine valve system with a silicon nitride shim cam. It was confirmed that the lift of the treatment of Example 2-12 was 50% lower than the uncoated lifter and 40% of the lift of the treatment of Comparative Example 2-6. Further, the cam wear was about half that of uncoated, and one fifth that of Comparative Example 2-6.
[0054]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, when the surface of the sliding member coated with a diamond coating or a coating containing 30% by volume or more of diamond crystallites is rough, it is possible to realize a sliding characteristic with a small coefficient of friction and opponent attack. Useful.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a sliding member covered only with a diamond coating before and after sliding.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the sliding member according to the present invention before and after sliding.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Base material 2 Diamond coating 3 Opposite material 4 Lower layer coating 5 Upper layer coating

Claims (11)

被膜が被覆された摺動部材において、ビッカース硬度またはヌープ硬度が8000より大きい、ダイヤモンド被膜またはダイヤモンド微結晶を30体積%以上含有する被膜からなる下層被膜上に、上層被膜が積層されており、該上層被膜が、ヌープ硬度が20以上2000以下の、硫化物、ホウ化物、リン酸塩、炭化物、窒化物、炭窒化物のいずれか1種類以上からなることを特徴とする被覆摺動部材。In the sliding member coated with the coating, the upper coating is laminated on the lower coating made of a coating containing 30% by volume or more of diamond coating or diamond crystallites having a Vickers hardness or Knoop hardness of greater than 8000, A coated sliding member, wherein the upper layer film is made of any one or more of sulfide, boride, phosphate, carbide, nitride and carbonitride having a Knoop hardness of 20 or more and 2000 or less . 被膜が被覆された摺動部材において、ビッカース硬度またはヌープ硬度が8000より大きい、ダイヤモンド被膜またはダイヤモンド微結晶を30体積%以上含有する被膜からなる下層被膜上に、上層被膜が積層されており、該上層被膜が、1000以上2000以下のヌープ硬度の硬質炭素膜であることを特徴とする被覆摺動部材。 In the sliding member coated with the coating, the upper coating is laminated on the lower coating made of a coating containing 30% by volume or more of diamond coating or diamond crystallites having a Vickers hardness or Knoop hardness of greater than 8000, A coated sliding member , wherein the upper layer film is a hard carbon film having a Knoop hardness of 1000 to 2000 . 前記上層被膜の膜厚が、0.1μm以上2.0μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の被覆摺動部材。 3. The coated sliding member according to claim 1, wherein a film thickness of the upper layer film is 0.1 μm or more and 2.0 μm or less. 前記上層被膜の膜厚が、上層被膜の平均表面粗さRa以上であり上層被膜の最大表面粗さRmax以下であることを特徴とする請求項1〜請求項のいずれかに記載の被覆摺動部材。The thickness of the upper layer coating, the coating sliding according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that is less than or equal to the maximum surface roughness Rmax of the upper film and the average surface roughness Ra than the upper film Moving member. 前記下層被膜の厚さが0.5μm以上3μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1〜請求項のいずれかに記載の被覆摺動部材。The thickness of the said lower layer film is 0.5 micrometer or more and 3 micrometers or less, The covering sliding member in any one of Claims 1-4 characterized by the above-mentioned. 前記上層被膜の平均表面粗さRaが0.15μm以上0.3μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1〜請求項のいずれかに記載の被覆摺動部材。Covering the sliding member according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the average surface roughness Ra of the upper film is characterized in that at 0.15 [mu] m or more 0.3μm or less. 被覆される母材が、鉄系合金、超硬合金、セラミックス、アルミニウム合金、マグネシウム合金のうちのいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項1〜請求項のいずれかに記載の被覆摺動部材。The coated sliding material according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the base material to be coated is any one of iron alloy, cemented carbide, ceramics, aluminum alloy, and magnesium alloy. Element. 潤滑下で使用されることを特徴とする請求項1〜請求項のいずれかに記載の被覆摺動部材。The coated sliding member according to any one of claims 1 to 7 , wherein the coated sliding member is used under lubrication. エンジンオイル潤滑下で使用されることを特徴とする請求項1〜請求項のいずれかに記載の被覆摺動部材。The coated sliding member according to any one of claims 1 to 8 , wherein the coated sliding member is used under engine oil lubrication. 前記下層被膜が、マイクロ波プラズマCVD法、ECRプラズマCVD法、フィラメントCVD法、燃焼炎法で合成されることを特徴とする請求項1〜請求項のいずれかに記載の被覆摺動部材。The coated sliding member according to any one of claims 1 to 9 , wherein the lower layer film is synthesized by a microwave plasma CVD method, an ECR plasma CVD method, a filament CVD method, or a combustion flame method. 前記上層被膜が、マイクロ波プラズマCVD法、ECRプラズマCVD法、フィラメントCVD法、燃焼炎法、スパッタリング法、プラズマCVD法、イオンプレーティング法、カソードアークイオンプレーティング法のいずれかで合成されることを特徴とする請求項1〜請求項10のいずれかに記載の被覆摺動部材。The upper layer film is synthesized by any one of microwave plasma CVD method, ECR plasma CVD method, filament CVD method, combustion flame method, sputtering method, plasma CVD method, ion plating method, and cathode arc ion plating method. The coated sliding member according to any one of claims 1 to 10 , wherein:
JP35685699A 1999-12-16 1999-12-16 Covered sliding member Expired - Fee Related JP4359979B2 (en)

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