JP4360082B2 - Method for producing amorphous carbon coating and sliding part with amorphous carbon coating - Google Patents
Method for producing amorphous carbon coating and sliding part with amorphous carbon coating Download PDFInfo
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- JP4360082B2 JP4360082B2 JP2002357487A JP2002357487A JP4360082B2 JP 4360082 B2 JP4360082 B2 JP 4360082B2 JP 2002357487 A JP2002357487 A JP 2002357487A JP 2002357487 A JP2002357487 A JP 2002357487A JP 4360082 B2 JP4360082 B2 JP 4360082B2
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- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 78
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title description 41
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title description 40
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 84
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 22
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、摩擦係数が低く、耐摩耗性及び耐焼き付き性に優れた非晶質炭素被膜の製造方法、並びにその非晶質炭素被膜で被覆した摺動部品、特に自動車などの内燃機関用摺動部品に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、環境問題や省エネ問題などの観点から、自動車の排ガス・燃費改善の重要性が増していることに伴って、内燃機関の摺動部品に対する摩擦低減の要求がますます高まっている。特にカム・フォロア部やシム・タペット部など、動弁系での摩擦を低減することは、自動車全体の燃費向上、排出ガスの低減に多大な効果がある。
【0003】
従来から、内燃機関の摺動部品の構成材料は、例えばカム・フォロア部においては、カムには鉄基高クロム合金などの焼結合金が、及びフォロアにはSCM415などの浸炭焼入れ鋼が用いられている。しかしながら、これらの材料は摩擦係数が高く、エンジンオイル下でも摩擦抵抗が大きいため、その摩擦抵抗の低減が強く望まれている。
【0004】
摺動部品の摩擦抵抗を低減させる方法の一つとして、摺動部品表面に材料自体の摩擦抵抗が低い非晶質炭素被膜を被覆する方法がある。例えば、特開2000−327484公報には、カムと摺動するタペットの摺動面に非晶質炭素被膜を形成し、摩擦損失を抑えて燃費を向上させることが記載されている。
【0005】
ここで非晶質炭素被膜とは、非晶質の炭素膜又は水素化炭素膜であり、ダイヤモンドライクカーボン(DLC)、カーボン硬質膜、a−C、a−C:H、i−C等とも称されている。非晶質炭素被膜は、高硬度で平面平滑性に優れ、摩擦係数が低いという優れた特徴を有している。また、非晶質炭素被膜の形成法としては、CH4などの炭化水素系ガスを用いたプラズマCVD法や、スパッタ蒸着法、イオンプレーティング法、真空アーク蒸着法などが用いられている。
【0006】
摺動部品表面に形成した非晶質炭素被膜をについて、更に耐摩耗性や密着力の向上を図るため、非晶質炭素被膜中にW、Mo、Siなどの金属元素を添加することが提案されている。例えば、特開2000−120870公報、特開平5−179451公報、特開平11−315924公報、特開平11−172413公報、特開昭58−181775公報などに、添加金属を含む非晶質炭素被膜の形成方法が記載されている。
【0007】
しかしながら、これらの公報に記載の方法によって得られた添加金属を含む非晶質炭素被膜は、主に耐摩耗性の向上を意図したものであった。そのため、非晶質炭素被膜自体の摩擦係数は添加金属を含まない被膜とほとんど変わりがなく、特に内燃機関の摺動部品としての用途においては、満足すべき摩擦抵抗の低減を得ることは困難であった。また、特開昭58−181775公報記載の方法による非晶質炭素被膜は、膜中に水素を含まないため膜質が脆く、密着性が低下すると共に、摩擦係数及び耐摩耗性も劣ったものであった。
【0008】
【特許文献1】
特開2000−327484公報
【特許文献2】
特開2000−120870公報
【特許文献3】
特開平5−179451公報
【特許文献4】
特開平11−315924公報
【特許文献5】
特開平11−172413公報
【特許文献6】
特開昭58−181775公報
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、このような従来の事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、耐摩耗性、密着性及び耐焼き付き性に優れると同時に、摩擦係数を低減させた非晶質炭素被膜の製造方法、並びにこの非晶質炭素被膜を表面に設けることによって、十分な摩擦抵抗の低減を図ることができ、特に内燃機関用摺動部品として燃費向上に有効な、非晶質炭素被覆摺動部品を提供することを目的とする。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、本発明が提供する非晶質炭素被膜の製造方法は、真空槽内のカソードに固体カーボンのターゲットと、Cr、Mo、及びWからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種類の添加金属からなる金属ターゲットとを配置し、スパッタ源電力及び基板バイアス電圧として供給する電力をパルス化した直流電力にしてこれらのターゲットをそれぞれスパッタリングしながら、同時に炭化水素ガスと不活性ガスを真空槽内に導入することにより、アノードに配置した基材上に添加金属と炭素と水素とからなる非晶質炭素被膜を形成し、前記非晶質炭素被膜を構成する添加金属と炭素と水素の合計に対する水素の含有率が5〜25%であり、且つ前記非晶質炭素被膜中の添加金属と炭素の合計に対する添加金属の割合が0.01〜30原子%であることを特徴とする。
【0016】
【発明の実施の形態】
非晶質炭素被膜は、IVa、Va、VIa族及びSiなどの金属元素を添加することにより、炭素と水素のみからなる非晶質炭素被膜に比べて、耐摩耗性や密着性が向上することが知られている。しかし、その摩擦係数をより一層低下させるためには添加金属量を少なくする必要があるが、従来の方法では金属添加した非晶質炭素被膜が軟質になってしまうため、摩擦係数を低下させることは困難であった。
【0017】
即ち、上述した特開2000−120870公報、特開平5−179451公報、特開平11−315924公報、特開平11−172413公報、特開昭58−181775公報などに記載の従来方法は、炭化水素ガスを導入した雰囲気中で金属ターゲットをスパッタリングすることにより、金属添加した非晶質炭素被膜を形成している。これらの方法において被膜中の添加金属量を減少させるには、炭化水素ガスの分圧を増加させるか、又は金属ターゲットへの印加電力を低下させることが必要であった。
【0018】
しかしながら、炭化水素ガスの分圧を増加させると、非晶質炭素被膜中の水素含有率が増加する。また、金属ターゲットの印加電力を低下させた場合には、装置内に発生するプラズマ密度が減少し、炭化水素の分解が抑制されるため、やはり膜中の水素含有率が増加する。その結果、いずれの場合も非晶質炭素被膜が軟質化し、摩擦係数の大幅な低減を得ることはできなかった。
【0019】
一方、本発明においては、スパッタ蒸着法を用いて金属添加した非晶質炭素被膜を成膜するが、添加金属からなる金属ターゲットと共に、固体カーボンのターゲットを併用する。また、その雰囲気ガスについても、メタン(CH4)やエチレン(C2H2)などの炭化水素ガスと共に、Ar又は窒素などの不活性ガスを併用する。炭化水素ガスを用いず、Arなどの不活性ガスのみを用いた場合には、得られる非晶質炭素被膜の膜質が脆くなり、被膜硬度及び摺動特性ともに劣るものとなる。
【0020】
また、非晶質炭素被膜に添加する添加金属としては、従来から耐摩耗性や密着性の向上のために非晶質炭素被膜に添加されている金属、例えばIVa、Va、VIa族及びSiなどを使用できる。特にシムやタペットなどの内燃機関用の摺動部品に形成する非晶質炭素被膜の場合には、添加金属としてCr、Mo、W、及びTiから選ばれた少なくとも1種が好ましい。
【0021】
尚、スパッタ蒸着法は、不活性ガスのArなどをプラズマ下で正イオン化し、負に帯電させたターゲット上に衝突させてターゲット表面の原子をたたき出し、基板上に付着させて薄膜を形成する方法である。スパッタ蒸着法には、印加電力として高周波(RE)を利用する方法、直流(DC)を利用する方法、パルス直流電圧を利用する方法などがあるが、いかなる印加電力を用いても良く、中でもスパッタ源電力又は基板バイアス電圧として供給する電力がパルス化した直流電力であるパルス直流電圧を用いる方法が望ましい。また、ターゲット背面に設置する磁場も、平衡型や非平衡型など各種存在するが、いかなる磁場を用いても良く、中でも非平衡型を用いることが望ましい。
【0022】
このような本発明の方法によれば、固体カーボンのターゲットを用いず金属ターゲットのみをスパッタリングする従来の方法に比べて、金属添加した非晶質炭素被膜、即ち添加金属と炭素と水素とからなる非晶質炭素被膜について、優れた耐摩耗性と密着性が得られるだけでなく、その摩擦係数を更に大幅に低減させることができる。この非晶質炭素薄膜の摩擦係数の低減は、添加金属量を少なくしても水素含有率が増加せず、被膜が硬質化するためと考えられる。
【0023】
例えば、炭化水素ガス分圧を増加させて金属含有率を減少させる場合、固体カーボンのターゲットに印加する電力を適宜増加することにより、固体カーボンからスパッタリングされる炭素を増加させることができるため、被膜中の水素量の増加を抑えることができる。また、金属ターゲットの印加電力を減少させる場合にも、固体カーボンに印加する電力を適宜増加させることで発生するプラズマ密度の減少を抑えることができるため、炭化水素の分解が抑制されることはなく、被膜中の水素含有率が増加することはない。
【0024】
また、本発明の非晶質炭素被膜は、基材への密着力が更に向上し、耐摩耗性にも優れているうえ、特にエンジンオイル下での摩擦抵抗が小さくなり、自動車などの内燃機関においては燃費の向上を図ることができる。このように密着力が向上するのは被膜の内部応力が緩和されるためであり、エンジンオイル下での摩擦抵抗の低下は潤滑油との相互作用が大きくなり、油膜が形成されやすくなるためである。
【0025】
本発明の非晶質炭素被膜は、IVa、Va、VIa族及びSiなどの添加金属元素と、炭素及び水素からなる。添加金属元素は、炭素と反応して結晶物質を形成している場合、非晶質炭素の中に完全に固溶している場合、金属のクラスターとして存在している場合がある。例えば、X線光電子分光法において金属と炭素の結合エネルギーの位置にピークが観測されるが、X線回析法では回析ピークが観察されない場合(固溶状態と判断)や、X線光電子分光法において金属と炭素の結合エネルギーの位置にピークが観測され、X線回析法でも何らかの回析ピークが観察されない場合(結晶質化合物の状態と判断)、また、X線光電子分光法において金属同士の結合エネルギーの位置のみにピークが観測される場合(金属クラスターの状態と判断)が存在している。これら存在状態は、いずれか単一の場合も、複数の状態が混在する場合もある。
【0026】
非晶質炭素被膜の水素含有率、即ち被膜を構成する添加金属と炭素と水素の合計に対する水素の含有率(=水素原子数/(水素原子数+炭素原子数+金属原子数))は、5〜50原子%の範囲が好ましく、特に5〜25原子%の範囲において摩擦係数の顕著な低減が得られる。この原因は明らかではないが、水素含有率が低下すると非晶質炭素被膜が硬質化し、摺動時の変形が抑えられて固体接触面積が減少することや、エンジンオイルとの相互作用が大きくなり油膜厚さが増加していることなどが予想される。尚、このように非晶質炭素被膜の水素含有率を低下させる場合、上述したように固体カーボンのターゲットを用いる本発明の方法は極めて有効である。
【0027】
また、非晶質炭素被膜中における添加金属の割合、即ち添加金属と炭素の合計に対する添加金属の割合(=金属原子数/(金属原子数+炭素原子数))としては、0.01〜30原子%の範囲が好ましく、1〜20原子%の範囲が更に好ましい。添加金属の割合が0.01原子%未満では、耐摩耗性及び密着性について、添加金属を含有していない場合と同様の効果しか得られない。また、添加金属の割合が30原子%を超えると、金属炭化物のようなセラミック的な性質を示すようになり、非晶質炭素被膜の摩擦係数が増加する。
【0028】
特に、本発明の非晶質炭素被膜では、添加金属と炭素と水素の合計に対する水素の含有率が5〜25原子%であり、且つ添加金属と炭素の合計に対する添加金属の割合が0.01〜30原子%であることが好ましく、このような非晶質炭素被膜は内燃機関用などの摺動部品用として好適である。尚、非晶質炭素被膜の膜厚については、一般的に摺動部品用として通常用いられている範囲で良いが、具体的には0.01〜5.0μm程度が好ましい。膜厚の測定は、被膜断面を二次電子顕微鏡又は透過電子顕微鏡により観察することで求めることができる。
【0029】
本発明の非晶質炭素被膜を形成する基材は特に限定されないが、実用的には摺動部品が特に有効である。摺動部品の材質としては、例えば、窒化ケイ素、窒化アルミ、アルミナ、ジルコニア、炭化ケイ素などのセラミックスや、高速度鋼、ステンレス鋼、SKDなどの鉄系合金、アルミニウム合金、鉄系焼結体、タングステンカーバイト系金属の超硬合金などを用いることができる。特に、内燃機関の摺動部品、例えばシムやタペット、カムやフォロアなどの動弁系の摺動部品への適用が有効である。
【0030】
また、非晶質炭素被膜は、摺動部品の表面の少なくとも一部に、具体的には相手部材と摺動する最表面層として形成することが望ましい。最表面層とは、摺動部品として用いた場合、被膜と相手部材が摺動時に接触する表面部分である。即ち、何らかの目的で非晶質炭素被膜の上に生産時にいかなる被覆層を形成したとしても、摺動時にこれらの被覆層が摩耗し、非晶質炭素被膜が表面に露出して相手材と接触する場合には、この非晶質炭素被膜が最表面層である。
【0031】
【実施例】
図1に示すスパッタ蒸着装置を用いて、SCM415からなる基材に非晶質炭素被膜を形成する。このスパッタ蒸着装置は、非平衡マグネトロンスパッタ方式であり、真空槽1内にはカソードである3つのターゲット保持部2a、2b、2cと、アノードである1つの回転テーブル3とが位置されている。各ターゲット保持部2a、2b、2cには、それぞれパルス直流電源4a、4b、4cが接続されている。また、回転テーブル3には、負バイアスを印加するためのパルス直流電源5が接続してある。真空槽1には、炭化水素ガスと不活性ガスのガス導入口6と、ガス排気口7とが設けてある。
【0032】
基板上に非晶質炭素被膜を形成するには、まず、基材9をアセトン中で10分以上超音波洗浄した後、回転テーブル3上のホルダー8にセットする。また、ターゲット保持部2a、2cに固体カーボンターゲット10a、10bをセットし、ターゲット保持部2bには添加金属からなる金属ターゲット11をセットする。続いて、真空槽1内を圧力0.01Pa以下になるまでガス排気口7から排気する。尚、図1の装置では2つの固体カーボンターゲットと1つの金属ターゲットを使用したが、これらのターゲットの数は任意に定めることができる。
【0033】
真空排気した真空槽1内にガス導入口6からArガスを導入して、真空槽1内を0.2〜2Paの圧力にする。その後、パルス直流電源5より−800Vの電圧を回転テーブル3に印加してグロー放電によりプラズマを発生させ、プラズマ中の正に帯電したArイオンのイオンボンバードメントにより、基板8をエッチングして清浄化する。この処理を10分間行った後、回転テーブル3への負バイアスの印加を停止し、ガスをガス排気口7から真空排気して、真空槽1内を0.01以下の圧力にする。
【0034】
その後、真空槽1内にC2H2ガスとArガスをガス導入口6から導入し、真空槽1内の圧力を0.1〜1Paにする。その際のC2H2とArの比は、C2H2/Ar=0.1〜0.5である。次に、基板バイアス電圧としてアノードである回転テーブル3に−50〜−800Vのパルス直流電圧を印加しながら、スパッタ源電力としてカソードであるターゲット保持部2a、2cに400〜4000Wのパルス直流電力を印加して固体カーボンターゲット10a、10bをスパッタリングし、同時にターゲット保持部2bには50〜1000Wのパルス直流電力を印加して金属ターゲット11をスパッタリングすることにより、基板9上に非晶質炭素被膜を形成する。尚、パルス周波数は25kHzであり、回転テーブル3は1〜10rpmの速度で回転させる。
【0035】
上記の方法に従い、それぞれCr、Mo、W、Tiからなる金属ターゲット11を用いることにより、SCM415からなる基板8上に各添加金属を含む非晶質炭素被膜を形成した。その際、成膜条件を制御することにより、得られる非晶質炭素被膜中の添加金属含有率及び水素含有率を変えた複数の試料1−1〜11(添加金属Cr)、試料2−1〜11(添加金属Mo)、試料3−1〜11(添加金属W)、及び試料4−1〜11(添加金属Ti)を作製した。尚、これら全ての試料において、非晶質炭素被膜の膜厚は0.8μmとした。
【0036】
比較例として、上記実施例と同じ装置を用いて同様の手法により、非晶質炭素膜を形成した。即ち、添加金属ごとに、固体カーボンのターゲットを用いない以外は上記と同様に成膜した試料1−12(添加金属Cr)、試料2−12(添加金属Mo)、試料3−12(添加金属W)、及び試料4−12(添加金属Ti)を作製した。また、炭化水素ガスを導入しない以外は上記と同様に成膜した試料1−13(添加金属Cr)、試料2−13(添加金属Mo)、試料3−13(添加金属W)、及び試料4−13(添加金属Ti)も作製した。
【0037】
参考のために、添加金属がCrである被膜については、更に試料1−14として、炭化水素ガスを導入せず、金属ターゲットも用いない以外は上記と同様に成膜した。更に、いずれの非晶質炭素膜も形成せず、SCM415からなる基材そのものを試料1−15とした。
【0038】
上記した本発明の実施例による各試料、並びに比較例の各試料について、非晶質炭素被膜中の添加金属の含有率と水素含有率を、下記表1〜4にそれぞれ示した。尚、表1は添加金属がCr、表2はMo、表3はW、及び表4はTiの場合である。
【0039】
【表1】
【0040】
【表2】
【0041】
【表3】
【0042】
【表4】
【0043】
これらの各試料について、非晶質炭素被膜の基材に対する密着性をロックウエル剥離試験及び打撃試験により評価した。ロックウエル剥離試験には、ロックウエルCスケール硬度測定用のダイヤモンド圧子を用い、試験荷重150kgfで被膜表面から圧子を押し付けて、形成された圧痕まわりの剥離状況を光学顕微鏡で観察した。打撃試験は、直径1インチのタングステンカーバイト系超硬合金製球を用い、試料の被膜表面に対して仕事量10Jで200回打撃を加え、打痕及びその周辺の剥離状況を光学顕微鏡で観察した。両試験とも測定は各試料につき5回行って平均値を求め、剥離面積が最大のものを1とし、全く剥離のないものを5とし、数字の増加にともなって剥離面積が減少する5段階評価を行った。
【0044】
次に、摺動試験により摩擦係数の測定並びに被膜摩耗量の測定を行った。摺動試験は、CSEM製のピンオンディスク試験機を用い、相手材としてSUJ2ボール(直径6mm)を使用した。試験条件は、大気中における乾式で、摺動半径4mm、回転数500rpm、荷重10N、総回転数20000回とした。このピンオンディスク摺動試験により、非晶質炭素被膜の摩擦係数を求めると共に、試験後の被膜の摩耗痕を表面粗さ計(東京精密製)により測定して、摩耗断面積を算出し、これを被膜摩耗量とした。
【0045】
更に、上記の各試料と同じ条件で、エンジン部品のカム摺動面に非晶質炭素被膜を形成した。得られた各試料(成膜条件が表1〜4の各試料と同じものは同一の試料番号とした)についてモータリング試験を行い、摩擦係数を計測した。このときの試験条件は、カムの回転数250rpm、セット荷重40kg、エンジンオイル潤滑、オイル温度80℃、オイル流量0.5cc/min、回転時間3時間とした。
【0046】
上記の密着性試験、ピンオンディスク試験、及びモータリング試験による評価結果を、添加金属ごとに下記表5〜8にまとめて示した。即ち、非晶質炭素被膜中に含まれる添加金属がCrである各試料を表5に、Moの各試料を表6に、Wの各試料を表7に、及びTiの各試料を表8にそれぞれ示した。尚、参考のために、比較例の試料1−14及び試料1−15についても、表5〜8にそれぞれ付記した。
【0047】
【表5】
【0048】
【表6】
【0049】
【表7】
【0050】
【表8】
【0051】
上記の結果から分るように、本発明の実施例による各試料、即ち試料1−1〜11、試料2−1〜11、試料3−1〜11、及び試料4−1〜11においては、非晶質炭素被膜の摩擦係数が大幅に低減されていること、特にエンジンオイル下での摩擦係数が大幅に低減されていることが分る。特に水素含有率5〜25原子%で且つ金属含有率0.01〜30原子%の範囲において、摩擦係数及び耐摩耗性の両方共に優れている。しかも、基材に対する密着性にも優れ、特に水素含有率が5〜25原子%及び金属含有率0.01〜30原子%の範囲の試料では、全く剥離が認められなかった。
【0052】
一方、比較例の各試料においては、固体カーボンのターゲットを用いずに成膜した試料1−12、試料2−12、試料3−12、及び試料4−12の各非晶質炭素被膜は、密着力が極めて低く且つ摩擦係数も高かった。また、炭化水素ガスを導入せずに成膜した試料1−13、試料2−13、試料3−13、及び試料4−13の各非晶質炭素被膜では、摩擦係数が高く且つ被膜摩耗量が多かった。また、炭化水素ガスを導入せず且つ金属ターゲットを用いなかったため、被膜内に添加金属及び水素を含まない試料1−14では、摩擦係数が高く、耐摩耗性も低く、密着性が低くなることが分った。更に、非晶質炭素被膜を形成していない基材(SCM415)からなる試料1−15の場合、摩耗量が極端に大きいうえ、摩擦係数も極めて高くなっている。
【0053】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、添加金属と炭素と水素とからなる非晶質炭素被膜で、耐摩耗性、密着性及び耐焼き付き性に優れると同時に、摩擦係数を低減させた非晶質炭素被膜を形成することができる。従って、この非晶質炭素被膜を表面に形成した本発明に係わる非晶質炭素被覆摺動部品は、十分な摩擦抵抗の低減を図ることができ、特に自動車の動弁系などの内燃機関用摺動部品においては、摩擦の低減による燃費の向上に有効である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】実施例で用いたスパッタ蒸着装置を示す概略図である。
【符号の説明】
1 真空槽
2a、2b、2c ターゲット保持部
3 回転テーブル
4a、4b、4c、5 パルス直流電源
8 ホルダー
9 基板
10a、10b 固体カーボンターゲット
11 金属ターゲット[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing an amorphous carbon film having a low coefficient of friction and excellent wear resistance and seizure resistance, and a sliding part coated with the amorphous carbon film, particularly a slide for an internal combustion engine such as an automobile. Related to moving parts.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, from the viewpoint of environmental problems and energy saving problems, with the increasing importance of improving exhaust gas and fuel consumption of automobiles, there is an increasing demand for friction reduction on sliding parts of internal combustion engines. In particular, reducing friction in a valve operating system such as a cam / follower part or shim / tuppet part has a great effect on improving the fuel consumption of the entire automobile and reducing exhaust gas.
[0003]
Conventionally, the constituent material of the sliding parts of an internal combustion engine is, for example, a sintered alloy such as an iron-based high-chromium alloy for the cam and a carburized hardened steel such as SCM415 for the follower in the cam follower. ing. However, since these materials have a high coefficient of friction and a high friction resistance even under engine oil, reduction of the friction resistance is strongly desired.
[0004]
One method for reducing the frictional resistance of the sliding component is to coat the surface of the sliding component with an amorphous carbon film having a low frictional resistance of the material itself. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-327484 describes that an amorphous carbon film is formed on a sliding surface of a tappet that slides with a cam to reduce friction loss and improve fuel efficiency.
[0005]
Here, the amorphous carbon film is an amorphous carbon film or a hydrogenated carbon film, and includes diamond-like carbon (DLC), carbon hard film, aC, aC: H, iC, and the like. It is called. Amorphous carbon coating has excellent characteristics such as high hardness, excellent planar smoothness, and low friction coefficient. As a method for forming the amorphous carbon film, a plasma CVD method using a hydrocarbon gas such as CH 4 , a sputter deposition method, an ion plating method, a vacuum arc deposition method, or the like is used.
[0006]
In order to further improve the wear resistance and adhesion of the amorphous carbon coating formed on the surface of sliding parts, it is proposed to add metal elements such as W, Mo, Si, etc. to the amorphous carbon coating. Has been. For example, JP-A-2000-120870, JP-A-5-179451, JP-A-11-315924, JP-A-11-172413, JP-A-58-181775, etc. describe an amorphous carbon coating containing an additive metal. A forming method is described.
[0007]
However, the amorphous carbon coating containing the additive metal obtained by the method described in these publications is mainly intended to improve the wear resistance. For this reason, the friction coefficient of the amorphous carbon coating itself is almost the same as that of a coating containing no added metal, and it is difficult to obtain a satisfactory reduction in frictional resistance particularly in applications as sliding parts of internal combustion engines. there were. In addition, the amorphous carbon film produced by the method described in JP-A-58-181775 is brittle because the film does not contain hydrogen, the film quality is fragile, the adhesion is lowered, and the friction coefficient and wear resistance are inferior. there were.
[0008]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2000-327484 A [Patent Document 2]
JP 2000-120870 A [Patent Document 3]
JP-A-5-179451 [Patent Document 4]
JP-A-11-315924 [Patent Document 5]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-172413 [Patent Document 6]
JP-A-58-181775 [0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of such conventional circumstances, and is excellent in wear resistance, adhesion and seizure resistance, and at the same time, a method for producing an amorphous carbon film with a reduced friction coefficient, and By providing this amorphous carbon coating on the surface, it is possible to sufficiently reduce the frictional resistance, and provide an amorphous carbon-coated sliding component that is particularly effective for improving fuel consumption as a sliding component for an internal combustion engine. For the purpose.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the method for producing an amorphous carbon coating provided by the present invention includes at least one selected from the group consisting of a solid carbon target and Cr 2 , Mo, and W on a cathode in a vacuum chamber. A metal target made of various kinds of additive metals is arranged, and the sputtering source power and the power supplied as the substrate bias voltage are converted to pulsed direct current power, and these targets are sputtered respectively while simultaneously producing hydrocarbon gas and inert gas. By introducing into the vacuum chamber, an amorphous carbon film composed of an additive metal, carbon, and hydrogen is formed on a substrate disposed on the anode, and the additive metal, carbon, and hydrogen constituting the amorphous carbon film are formed. The hydrogen content with respect to the total of 5 to 25%, and the ratio of the added metal to the total of added metal and carbon in the amorphous carbon film is 0.01. Characterized in that it is a 30 atomic%.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
By adding metal elements such as IVa, Va, VIa group, and Si, the amorphous carbon film has improved wear resistance and adhesion as compared with an amorphous carbon film consisting only of carbon and hydrogen. It has been known. However, in order to further reduce the friction coefficient, it is necessary to reduce the amount of added metal. However, in the conventional method, the metal-added amorphous carbon film becomes soft, so the friction coefficient is reduced. Was difficult.
[0017]
That is, the conventional methods described in JP-A-2000-120870, JP-A-5-179451, JP-A-11-315924, JP-A-11-172413, JP-A58-181775, etc. A metal target is added to the amorphous carbon film by sputtering a metal target in an atmosphere in which is introduced. In these methods, in order to reduce the amount of added metal in the coating, it is necessary to increase the partial pressure of the hydrocarbon gas or reduce the power applied to the metal target.
[0018]
However, increasing the partial pressure of the hydrocarbon gas increases the hydrogen content in the amorphous carbon coating. In addition, when the power applied to the metal target is reduced, the plasma density generated in the apparatus is reduced and the decomposition of hydrocarbons is suppressed, so that the hydrogen content in the film also increases. As a result, in any case, the amorphous carbon film was softened, and a significant reduction in the coefficient of friction could not be obtained.
[0019]
On the other hand, in the present invention, a metal-added amorphous carbon film is formed by sputtering deposition, and a solid carbon target is used in combination with a metal target made of the added metal. As for the the atmospheric gas, the hydrocarbon gas such as methane (CH 4), ethylene (C 2 H 2), in combination with an inert gas such as Ar or nitrogen. When only an inert gas such as Ar is used without using a hydrocarbon gas, the film quality of the resulting amorphous carbon coating becomes fragile, and the coating hardness and sliding properties are inferior.
[0020]
Further, as the additive metal added to the amorphous carbon film, metals conventionally added to the amorphous carbon film in order to improve wear resistance and adhesion, for example, IVa, Va, VIa group, Si and the like Can be used. In particular, in the case of an amorphous carbon coating formed on a sliding part for an internal combustion engine such as a shim or tappet, at least one selected from Cr, Mo, W, and Ti is preferred as the additive metal.
[0021]
The sputter deposition method is a method in which an inert gas such as Ar is positively ionized under plasma, collides with a negatively charged target, knocks out atoms on the target surface, and deposits on the substrate to form a thin film. It is. Sputter deposition methods include a method using high frequency (RE) as an applied power, a method using direct current (DC), a method using pulsed DC voltage, etc., but any applied power may be used. It is desirable to use a pulsed DC voltage, which is a DC power pulsed as the source power or the power supplied as the substrate bias voltage. In addition, there are various types of magnetic fields such as a balanced type and a non-equilibrium type that are installed on the back surface of the target. Any magnetic field may be used, and among these, it is desirable to use a non-equilibrium type.
[0022]
According to such a method of the present invention, compared to the conventional method in which only a metal target is sputtered without using a solid carbon target, a metal-added amorphous carbon film, that is, an added metal, carbon, and hydrogen is formed. With regard to the amorphous carbon coating, not only excellent wear resistance and adhesion can be obtained, but also the coefficient of friction can be further greatly reduced. The reduction in the friction coefficient of the amorphous carbon thin film is considered to be because the hydrogen content does not increase even if the amount of added metal is reduced, and the coating becomes hard.
[0023]
For example, when reducing the metal content by increasing the hydrocarbon gas partial pressure, the amount of carbon sputtered from the solid carbon can be increased by appropriately increasing the power applied to the solid carbon target. An increase in the amount of hydrogen inside can be suppressed. In addition, even when the power applied to the metal target is reduced, the decrease in plasma density generated by appropriately increasing the power applied to the solid carbon can be suppressed, so the decomposition of hydrocarbons is not suppressed. The hydrogen content in the coating does not increase.
[0024]
In addition, the amorphous carbon coating of the present invention further improves the adhesion to the base material, is excellent in wear resistance, and particularly has low frictional resistance under engine oil, so that it is an internal combustion engine such as an automobile. Can improve fuel efficiency. The adhesion is improved because the internal stress of the coating is relieved, and the decrease in frictional resistance under engine oil increases the interaction with the lubricating oil, and an oil film is easily formed. is there.
[0025]
The amorphous carbon film of the present invention comprises an additive metal element such as groups IVa, Va, VIa and Si, and carbon and hydrogen. When the additive metal element reacts with carbon to form a crystalline material, when it is completely dissolved in amorphous carbon, it may exist as a metal cluster. For example, a peak is observed at the position of the bond energy between metal and carbon in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, but no diffraction peak is observed in the X-ray diffraction method (determined as a solid solution state), or X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. If a peak is observed at the position of the bond energy between the metal and carbon in the method, and no diffraction peak is observed in the X-ray diffraction method (determined as the state of the crystalline compound), and in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy There is a case where a peak is observed only at the position of the binding energy (determined as the state of the metal cluster). These existence states may be either a single state or a plurality of states.
[0026]
The hydrogen content of the amorphous carbon film, that is, the hydrogen content relative to the total of the added metal and carbon and hydrogen constituting the film (= number of hydrogen atoms / (number of hydrogen atoms + number of carbon atoms + number of metal atoms)) A range of 5 to 50 atomic% is preferable, and a remarkable reduction of the friction coefficient is obtained particularly in the range of 5 to 25 atomic%. The cause of this is not clear, but as the hydrogen content decreases, the amorphous carbon film hardens, deformation during sliding is suppressed, the solid contact area decreases, and interaction with engine oil increases. The oil film thickness is expected to increase. In addition, when reducing the hydrogen content of the amorphous carbon film as described above, the method of the present invention using the solid carbon target as described above is extremely effective.
[0027]
Further, the ratio of the added metal in the amorphous carbon film, that is, the ratio of the added metal to the total of the added metal and carbon (= number of metal atoms / (number of metal atoms + number of carbon atoms)) is 0.01 to 30. The range of atomic% is preferable, and the range of 1 to 20 atomic% is more preferable. When the ratio of the additive metal is less than 0.01 atomic%, only the same effects as those obtained when no additive metal is contained can be obtained with respect to wear resistance and adhesion. On the other hand, when the ratio of the added metal exceeds 30 atomic%, ceramic properties such as metal carbide are exhibited, and the friction coefficient of the amorphous carbon coating increases.
[0028]
In particular, in the amorphous carbon film of the present invention, the hydrogen content relative to the sum of the additive metal, carbon, and hydrogen is 5 to 25 atomic%, and the ratio of the additive metal to the sum of the additive metal and carbon is 0.01. The amorphous carbon coating is preferably used for a sliding part such as an internal combustion engine. Incidentally, the film thickness of the amorphous carbon film may be in a range generally used for sliding parts, but is preferably about 0.01 to 5.0 μm. The measurement of the film thickness can be obtained by observing the cross section of the film with a secondary electron microscope or a transmission electron microscope.
[0029]
The base material on which the amorphous carbon film of the present invention is formed is not particularly limited, but a sliding part is particularly effective for practical use. Examples of the material of the sliding component include ceramics such as silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, alumina, zirconia, and silicon carbide, iron alloys such as high speed steel, stainless steel, and SKD, aluminum alloys, iron sintered bodies, A cemented carbide of tungsten carbide metal can be used. In particular, application to sliding parts of an internal combustion engine, for example, sliding parts of a valve operating system such as shims, tappets, cams, and followers is effective.
[0030]
The amorphous carbon coating is desirably formed on at least a part of the surface of the sliding component, specifically, as the outermost surface layer that slides with the mating member. When used as a sliding component, the outermost surface layer is a surface portion where the coating and the mating member come into contact when sliding. That is, no matter what kind of coating layers are formed on the amorphous carbon coating for production for some purpose, these coating layers are worn during sliding, and the amorphous carbon coating is exposed on the surface and comes into contact with the counterpart material. In this case, this amorphous carbon film is the outermost surface layer.
[0031]
【Example】
An amorphous carbon film is formed on a substrate made of SCM415 using the sputter deposition apparatus shown in FIG. This sputter deposition apparatus is a non-equilibrium magnetron sputtering method, and in the
[0032]
In order to form the amorphous carbon film on the substrate, first, the
[0033]
Ar gas is introduced into the evacuated
[0034]
Thereafter, C 2 H 2 gas and Ar gas are introduced into the
[0035]
According to the above method, an amorphous carbon film containing each additive metal was formed on the
[0036]
As a comparative example, an amorphous carbon film was formed by the same method using the same apparatus as in the above example. That is, for each additive metal, sample 1-12 (added metal Cr), sample 2-12 (added metal Mo), and sample 3-12 (added metal) were formed in the same manner as above except that no solid carbon target was used. W) and Sample 4-12 (added metal Ti) were prepared. Sample 1-13 (added metal Cr), sample 2-13 (added metal Mo), sample 3-13 (added metal W), and sample 4 were formed in the same manner as described above except that hydrocarbon gas was not introduced. -13 (added metal Ti) was also produced.
[0037]
For reference, a film in which the additive metal is Cr was further formed as Sample 1-14 in the same manner as above except that no hydrocarbon gas was introduced and no metal target was used. Further, no amorphous carbon film was formed, and the base material itself made of SCM415 was used as Sample 1-15.
[0038]
Tables 1 to 4 below show the content of added metal and the hydrogen content in the amorphous carbon coating for each sample according to the above-described embodiment of the present invention and each sample of the comparative example. Table 1 shows the case where the additive metal is Cr, Table 2 is Mo, Table 3 is W, and Table 4 is Ti.
[0039]
[Table 1]
[0040]
[Table 2]
[0041]
[Table 3]
[0042]
[Table 4]
[0043]
About each of these samples, the adhesiveness with respect to the base material of an amorphous carbon film was evaluated by the Rockwell peeling test and the impact test. For the Rockwell peel test, a diamond indenter for measuring Rockwell C scale hardness was used, the indenter was pressed from the coating surface with a test load of 150 kgf, and the peel state around the formed indentation was observed with an optical microscope. In the impact test, a tungsten carbide cemented carbide ball having a diameter of 1 inch was used. The impact surface was struck 200 times at a work load of 10 J, and the dent and the surrounding peeling condition were observed with an optical microscope. did. In both tests, the measurement was performed five times for each sample, the average value was obtained, the one with the largest peeled area was set to 1, and the one without any peeling was set to 5, and the peeled area decreased as the number increased. Went.
[0044]
Next, the friction coefficient and the film wear amount were measured by a sliding test. In the sliding test, a pin-on-disk testing machine made by CSEM was used, and SUJ2 balls (diameter 6 mm) were used as the mating material. The test conditions were dry in the atmosphere, with a sliding radius of 4 mm, a rotation speed of 500 rpm, a load of 10 N, and a total rotation speed of 20000 times. By this pin-on-disk sliding test, the friction coefficient of the amorphous carbon coating is obtained, and the wear scar of the coating after the test is measured with a surface roughness meter (manufactured by Tokyo Seimitsu) to calculate the wear cross-sectional area, This was defined as the amount of coating wear.
[0045]
Further, an amorphous carbon film was formed on the cam sliding surface of the engine part under the same conditions as the above samples. A motoring test was performed on each of the obtained samples (the same film number as the samples in Tables 1 to 4 was assigned the same sample number), and the friction coefficient was measured. The test conditions at this time were cam rotation speed 250 rpm, set load 40 kg, engine oil lubrication, oil temperature 80 ° C., oil flow rate 0.5 cc / min, and
[0046]
The evaluation results from the above adhesion test, pin-on-disk test, and motoring test are shown in Tables 5 to 8 below for each additive metal. That is, Table 5 shows each sample in which the additive metal contained in the amorphous carbon film is Cr, Table 6 shows each sample of Mo, Table 7 shows each sample of W, and Table 8 shows each sample of Ti. Respectively. For reference, Samples 1-14 and 1-15 of the comparative example are also shown in Tables 5 to 8, respectively.
[0047]
[Table 5]
[0048]
[Table 6]
[0049]
[Table 7]
[0050]
[Table 8]
[0051]
As can be seen from the above results, in each sample according to the example of the present invention, that is, Sample 1-1 to 11, Sample 2-1 to 11, Sample 3-1 to 11, and Sample 4-1 to 11, It can be seen that the coefficient of friction of the amorphous carbon coating is greatly reduced, particularly the coefficient of friction under engine oil. In particular, both the coefficient of friction and the wear resistance are excellent when the hydrogen content is 5 to 25 atomic% and the metal content is 0.01 to 30 atomic%. Moreover, it has excellent adhesion to the substrate, and particularly no peeling was observed in the samples having a hydrogen content of 5 to 25 atomic% and a metal content of 0.01 to 30 atomic%.
[0052]
On the other hand, in each sample of the comparative example, each of the amorphous carbon coatings of the sample 1-12, the sample 2-12, the sample 3-12, and the sample 4-12 formed without using the solid carbon target, The adhesion was extremely low and the coefficient of friction was high. In addition, each of the amorphous carbon films of Sample 1-13, Sample 2-13, Sample 3-13, and Sample 4-13 formed without introducing a hydrocarbon gas has a high friction coefficient and a coating wear amount. There were many. Also, since no hydrocarbon gas was introduced and no metal target was used, Sample 1-14, which does not contain added metal and hydrogen in the coating, has a high friction coefficient, low wear resistance, and low adhesion. I found out. Furthermore, in the case of the sample 1-15 which consists of the base material (SCM415) in which the amorphous carbon film is not formed, the amount of wear is extremely large and the friction coefficient is also extremely high.
[0053]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, an amorphous carbon coating composed of an additive metal, carbon and hydrogen is formed, and an amorphous carbon coating with excellent friction resistance, adhesion and seizure resistance and a reduced friction coefficient is formed. can do. Therefore, the amorphous carbon-coated sliding component according to the present invention having the amorphous carbon coating formed on the surface can sufficiently reduce the frictional resistance, particularly for an internal combustion engine such as an automotive valve system. In sliding parts, it is effective in improving fuel consumption by reducing friction.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a sputter deposition apparatus used in Examples.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF
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| JP4725085B2 (en) * | 2003-12-04 | 2011-07-13 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | Amorphous carbon, amorphous carbon coating member and amorphous carbon film forming method |
| JP2005256047A (en) * | 2004-03-10 | 2005-09-22 | Ulvac Japan Ltd | SURFACE TREATMENT METHOD AND SURFACE TREATMENT APPARATUS FOR Mg ALLOY MEMBER |
| JP4572688B2 (en) * | 2004-04-27 | 2010-11-04 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | Low friction sliding member |
| JP2006002221A (en) * | 2004-06-18 | 2006-01-05 | Nachi Fujikoshi Corp | Chromium-containing diamond-like carbon film and sliding member |
| JP2006138404A (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2006-06-01 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Sliding member with excellent abrasion resistance in wet environment |
| JP4607687B2 (en) * | 2005-07-04 | 2011-01-05 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Method for forming amorphous carbon film |
| US20070249507A1 (en) | 2006-04-24 | 2007-10-25 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Hard carbon film and hard carbon film sliding member |
| JP4968619B2 (en) * | 2006-07-31 | 2012-07-04 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Hard carbon coating |
| JP5077629B2 (en) * | 2006-07-31 | 2012-11-21 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Hard carbon coating |
| JP2009155721A (en) * | 2007-12-03 | 2009-07-16 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Hard coating excellent in sliding property and method for forming same |
| KR100954287B1 (en) * | 2008-01-17 | 2010-04-23 | 성균관대학교산학협력단 | Conductive Carbon Coating Apparatus and Method |
| JP5342365B2 (en) * | 2009-08-05 | 2013-11-13 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | Low friction sliding member |
| DE102010002686A1 (en) | 2010-03-09 | 2011-09-15 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Sliding element, in particular piston ring, and method for coating a sliding element |
| KR101304215B1 (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2013-09-05 | 주식회사 테스 | Process for forming amorphous carbon film |
| EP2963145B1 (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2018-01-31 | IHI Hauzer Techno Coating B.V. | Coating and method for its deposition to operate in boundary lubrication conditions and at elevated temperatures |
| FR3093112A1 (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2020-08-28 | Saft | Metal foil for an electrochemical element electrode comprising a material based on Ti, C and H |
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| JPH05179451A (en) * | 1991-12-27 | 1993-07-20 | Toyota Motor Corp | Combination of sliding members |
| JP3336682B2 (en) * | 1992-07-02 | 2002-10-21 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Hard carbon film |
| JP2889116B2 (en) * | 1993-06-11 | 1999-05-10 | 株式会社ゼクセル | Amorphous hard carbon film and method for producing the same |
| JP2956570B2 (en) * | 1996-03-06 | 1999-10-04 | 日本電気株式会社 | Magnetic head |
| JP4067678B2 (en) * | 1998-02-24 | 2008-03-26 | 帝国ピストンリング株式会社 | Combination oil ring spacer expander and combination oil ring |
| JPH11280680A (en) * | 1998-03-30 | 1999-10-15 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Rotary compressor with hard carbon film |
| JP2000120869A (en) * | 1998-10-15 | 2000-04-28 | Teikoku Piston Ring Co Ltd | Sliding member and its manufacture |
| JP2000178737A (en) * | 1998-12-15 | 2000-06-27 | Tdk Corp | Member coated with diamond-like carbon film |
| JP2000268357A (en) * | 1999-03-12 | 2000-09-29 | Hitachi Ltd | Method and apparatus for manufacturing magnetic recording medium |
| JP4929531B2 (en) * | 2001-04-27 | 2012-05-09 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Conductive hard carbon film |
| JP4793531B2 (en) * | 2001-07-17 | 2011-10-12 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Amorphous carbon coating, method for producing amorphous carbon coating, and coating member for amorphous carbon coating |
| JP4085699B2 (en) * | 2002-06-04 | 2008-05-14 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Sliding member and manufacturing method thereof |
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