JP4360106B2 - Method for producing organic onium tetrafluoroaluminate, electrolytic solution for electrolytic capacitor, and electrolytic capacitor using the same - Google Patents
Method for producing organic onium tetrafluoroaluminate, electrolytic solution for electrolytic capacitor, and electrolytic capacitor using the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4360106B2 JP4360106B2 JP2003056995A JP2003056995A JP4360106B2 JP 4360106 B2 JP4360106 B2 JP 4360106B2 JP 2003056995 A JP2003056995 A JP 2003056995A JP 2003056995 A JP2003056995 A JP 2003056995A JP 4360106 B2 JP4360106 B2 JP 4360106B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- organic onium
- group
- ethyl
- salt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims description 44
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 title claims description 33
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- -1 aluminum compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 65
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 64
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- JIFXKZJGKSXAGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolidine Chemical compound CCN1CCN(C)C1C JIFXKZJGKSXAGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl carbonate Chemical compound COC([O-])=O CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 4
- KYRYHBRYSSBWLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetramethylimidazolidine Chemical compound CC1CN(C)C(C)N1C KYRYHBRYSSBWLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HDYRYUINDGQKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M acetyloxyaluminum;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.CC(=O)O[Al] HDYRYUINDGQKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940009827 aluminum acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J potassium aluminium sulfate Chemical compound [Al+3].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- PUGUQINMNYINPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 4-(2-chloroacetyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CCN(C(=O)CCl)CC1 PUGUQINMNYINPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 28
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 24
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 12
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229940024545 aluminum hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 10
- PCXWYMXJVNPICR-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum;1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolidin-1-ium;tetrafluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Al+3].CC[NH+]1CCN(C)C1C PCXWYMXJVNPICR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 10
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- GUNDKLAGHABJDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate;methanol Chemical compound OC.COC(=O)OC GUNDKLAGHABJDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-valerolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCO1 OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 4
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- IRGDPGYNHSIIJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1C IRGDPGYNHSIIJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OXFHNKYFIVWAAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-1,3-dimethylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CCC=1N(C)C=C[N+]=1C OXFHNKYFIVWAAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GARJMFRQLMUUDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound C[N+]1(C)CCCC1 GARJMFRQLMUUDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DNSADNILRQYBAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetramethylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CC1=C[N+](C)=C(C)N1C DNSADNILRQYBAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KCUGPPHNMASOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trimethylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CC=1N(C)C=C[N+]=1C KCUGPPHNMASOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QDRFNXRYFUFFLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trimethylimidazolidine Chemical compound CC1N(C)CCN1C QDRFNXRYFUFFLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IFGGXMRDYJZDJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethyl-3-phenylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CN1C=C[N+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C IFGGXMRDYJZDJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UHIFZEQUAVFJKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethyl-3-phenylimidazolidine Chemical compound CC1N(C)CCN1C1=CC=CC=C1 UHIFZEQUAVFJKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDIWYWUGTVLWJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,4-trimethylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CC1=C[N+](C)=CN1C CDIWYWUGTVLWJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IBXOTQVBNFBJFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,4-trimethylimidazolidine Chemical compound CC1CN(C)CN1C IBXOTQVBNFBJFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLJSMWDFUFADIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diethylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](CC)=C1 XLJSMWDFUFADIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NVHSSCNZSOYDCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethyl-2-pentylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCC=1N(C)C=C[N+]=1C NVHSSCNZSOYDCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OBTFKSNFKVPPFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CN1C=C[N+](C)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 OBTFKSNFKVPPFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QISTUHYRFABJSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenylimidazolidine Chemical class CN1CCN(C)C1C1=CC=CC=C1 QISTUHYRFABJSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJDNIXNJORNVTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethyl-2-propylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CCCC=1N(C)C=C[N+]=1C IJDNIXNJORNVTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CXSBCXDVNBHHOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethyl-2-propylimidazolidine Chemical compound CCCC1N(C)CCN1C CXSBCXDVNBHHOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DSPUBTKMQXMJCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethylbenzimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C)C=[N+](C)C2=C1 DSPUBTKMQXMJCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWUDAKKCDQTPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethylimidazolidine Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)C1 SMWUDAKKCDQTPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HVVRUQBMAZRKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethylimidazolium Chemical compound CN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 HVVRUQBMAZRKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HGIKIBHZIYNEKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzyl-2,3-dimethylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound C1=C[N+](C)=C(C)N1CC1=CC=CC=C1 HGIKIBHZIYNEKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KUAWBKRDALUYBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolidine Chemical compound CC1N(C)CCN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 KUAWBKRDALUYBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- COSSPXYCRNRXRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound C1=[N+](C)C=CN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 COSSPXYCRNRXRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CHENRKIAWPQCBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzyl-3-methylimidazolidine Chemical compound C1N(C)CCN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CHENRKIAWPQCBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIHOUJYFWMURBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 NIHOUJYFWMURBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOTQIXXCBHIDKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolidine Chemical compound CCN1CCN(C)C1 JOTQIXXCBHIDKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGCPLZSPKGRDMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3-phenylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound C1=[N+](C)C=CN1C1=CC=CC=C1 UGCPLZSPKGRDMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MEKMPQZLPWXFTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3-phenylimidazolidine Chemical compound C1N(C)CCN1C1=CC=CC=C1 MEKMPQZLPWXFTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UJBYZFKDBNQRBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-1,3-dimethylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CN1C=C[N+](C)=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1 UJBYZFKDBNQRBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- METSQCIHYZKACF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-1,3-dimethylimidazolidine Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)C1CC1=CC=CC=C1 METSQCIHYZKACF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DFLRGRAIPLYIIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-1,3,4-trimethylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CCC=1N(C)C(C)=C[N+]=1C DFLRGRAIPLYIIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LLTLVSUMJNRKPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-1,3,4-trimethylimidazolidine Chemical compound CCC1N(C)CC(C)N1C LLTLVSUMJNRKPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CMJLMPKFQPJDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCS(=O)(=O)C1 CMJLMPKFQPJDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylformamide Chemical compound CNC=O ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M aluminum;oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Al+3] VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000010407 anodic oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GRJJQCWNZGRKAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-1-ium;fluoride Chemical compound F.C1=CC=NC=C1 GRJJQCWNZGRKAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005956 quaternization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLIUHARZXKNLFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl(triethyl)azanium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)C(C)(C)C KLIUHARZXKNLFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SPJZSTLXABSXII-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl(trimethyl)azanium Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[N+](C)(C)C SPJZSTLXABSXII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHELAZMFNUMSEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl-dimethyl-(2-methylpropyl)azanium Chemical compound CC(C)C[N+](C)(C)C(C)(C)C FHELAZMFNUMSEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMPRLBUMOCTEHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl-ethyl-dimethylazanium Chemical compound CC[N+](C)(C)C(C)(C)C XMPRLBUMOCTEHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAMMKFSEEQGBIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetra(propan-2-yl)azanium Chemical compound CC(C)[N+](C(C)C)(C(C)C)C(C)C XAMMKFSEEQGBIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZWHXXNVLACKBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylphosphanium Chemical compound CC[P+](CC)(CC)CC SZWHXXNVLACKBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BXYHVFRRNNWPMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylphosphanium Chemical compound C[P+](C)(C)C BXYHVFRRNNWPMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QNUAQGIIURYMJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tri(propan-2-yl)-propylazanium Chemical compound CCC[N+](C(C)C)(C(C)C)C(C)C QNUAQGIIURYMJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLJBCWLKMQZRFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl(2-methylpropyl)azanium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC(C)C DLJBCWLKMQZRFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZWFFXFQARPFJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl(methyl)phosphanium Chemical compound CC[P+](C)(CC)CC TZWFFXFQARPFJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XPLXACTVVUDCNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl(propan-2-yl)azanium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)C(C)C XPLXACTVVUDCNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGYXSYLSCVXFDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl(propyl)azanium Chemical compound CCC[N+](CC)(CC)CC WGYXSYLSCVXFDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-O triethylammonium ion Chemical compound CC[NH+](CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000004684 trihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVFDPYZBJGKPII-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(nonyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C ZVFDPYZBJGKPII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACZOGADOAZWANS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(pentyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCCC[N+](C)(C)C ACZOGADOAZWANS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMTHNVMASXVELE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(propan-2-yl)azanium Chemical compound CC(C)[N+](C)(C)C BMTHNVMASXVELE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDUATGYYXKDLEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(undecyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C QDUATGYYXKDLEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNEOHLHCKGUAEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylphenylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZNEOHLHCKGUAEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Primary Cells (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明が属する技術分野】
本発明は、有機オニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩の製造方法に関する。有機オニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩は、界面活性剤;相関移動触媒;柔軟剤;洗剤等の帯電防止剤;アスファルト、セメント等の分散剤;殺菌剤;防腐剤;肥料や粒状物の抗ブロッキング剤;抗凝集剤等として幅広い分野で使用される有用な化学物質であり、特に電池や電解コンデンサ等の電気化学的素子用電解質として有用である。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
有機オニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩の製造法としては、有機アルミニウム化合物とピリジン−フッ化水素錯体を反応させる方法(例えば、非特許文献1参照)、有機オニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩とアミン化合物とを反応させる方法(例えば、非特許文献1参照)、有機オニウムの炭酸塩又は炭酸水素塩とアンモニウムテトラフルオロアルミネートを反応させる方法(例えば、特許文献1参照)、有機オニウムの水酸化物塩とアンモニウムテトラフルオロアルミネートを反応させる方法(例えば、特許文献2参照)、テトラメチルアンモニウムフルオライド、フッ化アルミニウム、フッ化水素及び水を反応させる方法(例えば、非特許文献2参照)が知られている。
【0003】
さらに有機オニウムのポリフルオロメタレート塩の合成法としては、ポリフルオロメタレートの水素酸と有機オニウムのハロゲン塩(例えば、非特許文献3参照)や有機オニウムの水酸化物塩(例えば、非特許文献4参照)や有機オニウムのアルキル炭酸塩(例えば、特許文献3参照)を反応させる方法、四級アンモニウム塩とフッ化水素から四級アンモニウムフルオライドのフッ化水素塩を合成し、次いで三フッ化ホウ素を反応させる方法(例えば、特許文献4参照)が知られている。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特開平11−322760号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平11−322759号公報
【特許文献3】
特公平7−116113号公報
【特許文献4】
特開平11−310555号公報
【非特許文献1】
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1993年, 115巻, 3028ページ
【非特許文献2】
Monatshefte fur Chemie, 1975年, 106巻,483ページ
【非特許文献3】
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1971年,36巻, 2371ページ
【非特許文献4】
Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 2, 1978年, 3巻, 254ページ
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、有機アルミニウムを使用する方法では、自然発火性物質を取り扱わなければならず、テトラフルオロアルミネートのピリジニウム塩を経由することから工程も多くなる。また、アンモニウムテトラフルオロアルミネートを反応させる方法では、アンモニウムテトラフルオロアルミネートの溶解性が低く実質的に反応に適さない。さらに、テトラフルオロアルミネートの水素酸(テトラフルオロアルミン酸)はその存在が示唆されているものの完全に実証されておらず、ましてや工業的に入手することはほとんど不可能である。
【0006】
一方、ホウ素とアルミニウムは同属の元素であるが、三フッ化ホウ素と同様の有機オニウムフルオライドのフッ化水素塩と三フッ化アルミニウムの反応は、アルミニウムの場合はフッ化水素が大過剰に存在するとテトラフルオロアルミネートの他に6配位のヘキサフルオロアルミネートが生成するため適用できない。
従って、有機オニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩の工業的生産に適した製法の開発が強く望まれていた。
【0007】
これらの課題を解決するために本発明者等は先に、フッ化水素、有機オニウム及び三フッ化アルミニウムを反応させることを特徴とする有機オニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩の製造方法を発明した(特願2002−129141)。そして、更に工業的に有利な有機オニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩を製造する方法の改良を検討した結果、この製造方法における三フッ化アルミニウムは、フッ素源としてのフッ化水素又はケイフッ化水素酸と、アルミニウム源としてのアルミニウム化合物(但し、フッ化アルミニウムを除く)又は金属アルミニウムに置き換えうること、そしてそれによって、より安価に、有機オニウム塩を製造出来ることを見出して本発明を完成した。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
即ち、本発明は、(i)フッ化水素及び/又はケイフッ化水素酸、(ii)有機オニウム塩、並びに(iii)アルミニウム化合物(但し、三フッ化アルミニウムを除く)及び/又は金属アルミニウムを反応させることを特徴とする有機オニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩の製造方法に存する。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明につき詳細に説明する。
本発明の製法における原料の一つは有機オニウム塩であり、好ましくはQOH、QROCO2又はQX(式中、Qは有機オニウムを表し、Rは水素原子又は炭素数10以下のアルキル基を表し、Xはハロゲン原子を表す)で表される有機オニウム塩である。Rで定義される炭素数10以下のアルキル基としては、メチル基、エチル基、n−プロピル基、i−プロピル基、n−ブチル基、n−ペンチル基、n−ヘキシル基、n−オクチル基、n−デシル基等が挙げられる。Xで定義されるハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子等が挙げられる。本発明においては、かかる有機オニウム塩の中でも、水酸化物塩、メチル炭酸塩、炭酸水素塩、フッ化物塩を用いることが好ましく、水酸化物塩、メチル炭酸塩、炭酸水素塩を用いるのがより好ましい。また、前記したQXのようなハロゲン化物の場合には、ハロゲンを導入するための反応を伴うが、本発明の製造方法においては、フッ化水素及び/又はケイフッ化水素酸と反応させるので、わざわざハロゲンを導入するための反応工程がない方が工業的に有利である。この点で、ハロゲン原子を含まない有機オニウム塩を用いる方が望ましい。
【0010】
本発明における有機オニウムとは、孤立電子対を有する元素(窒素、リンなど)を含む化合物において、これらの孤立電子対にプロトンや他の陽イオンが配位結合して生ずる化合物の総称であり、特に制限はされないが、下記(I)式で表されるものが好ましく使用される。
【0011】
【化2】
【0012】
(式中、R1〜R4はそれぞれ独立して水素原子、置換基を有していてもよいアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよいシクロアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよいアリール基または置換基を有していてもよいアラルキル基を表すが、R1〜R4の2以上が同時に水素原子を表すことはない。またR1〜R4は、一部または全てが互いに結合して、環を形成してもよく、かかる環を形成する場合は構成する環上に窒素原子を有していてもよい。Aは窒素原子またはリン原子を表す。)
【0013】
R1〜R4で定義されるアルキル基としては、メチル基、エチル基、n−プロピル基、i−プロピル基、n−ブチル基、n−ペンチル基、n−ヘキシル基等の炭素数1〜20の、より好ましくは炭素数1〜6のアルキル基が挙げられ、シクロアルキル基としてはシクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基等の炭素数3〜20の、より好ましくは炭素数3〜6のシクロアルキル基が挙げられ、アリール基としてはフェニル基、トリル基、ナフチル基等の炭素数6〜20の、より好ましくは炭素数6〜10のアリール基が挙げられ、アラルキル基としてはベンジル基、フェネチル基、ナフチルメチル基等の炭素数7〜20の、より好ましくは炭素数7〜11のアラルキル基が挙げられる。
【0014】
これらのアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、アラルキル基は置換基を有していてもよく、かかる置換基としては、ヒドロキシル基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、カルボキシル基、ホルミル基等が挙げられる。
前記(I)式で表される有機オニウムの代表例としては、四級化アンモニウム、四級化ホスホニウム、四級化イミダゾリウム、四級化環状アミジニウム、アンモニウム等を挙げることができる。また有機オニウム塩としては、有機オニウム塩に水やメタノール等の配位性化合物が配位したものも包含する。
【0015】
四級化アンモニウムの具体例としては、例えばテトラメチルアンモニウム、エチルトリメチルアンモニウム、ジエチルジメチルアンモニウム、トリエチルメチルアンモニウム、テトラエチルアンモニウム、トリメチル−n−プロピルアンモニウム、トリメチルイソプロピルアンモニウム、トリメチル−n−ブチルアンモニウム、トリメチルイソブチルアンモニウム、トリメチル−t−ブチルアンモニウム、トリメチル−n−ヘキシルアンモニウム、ジメチルジ−n−プロピルアンモニウム、ジメチルジイソプロピルアンモニウム、ジメチル−n−プロピルイソプロピルアンモニウム、メチルトリ−n−プロピルアンモニウム、メチルトリイソプロピルアンモニウム、メチルジ−n−プロピルイソプロピルアンモニウム、メチル−n−プロピルジイソプロピルアンモニウム、トリエチル−n−プロピルアンモニウム、トリエチルイソプロピルアンモニウム、トリエチル−n−ブチルアンモニウム、トリエチルイソブチルアンモニウム、トリエチル−t−ブチルアンモニウム、ジメチルジ−n−ブチルアンモニウム、ジメチルジイソブチルアンモニウム、ジメチルジ−t−ブチルアンモニウム、ジメチル−n−ブチルエチルアンモニウム、ジメチルイソブチルエチルアンモニウム、ジメチル−t−ブチルエチルアンモニウム、ジメチル−n−ブチルイソブチルアンモニウム、ジメチル−n−ブチル−t−ブチルアンモニウム、ジメチルイソブチル−t−ブチルアンモニウム、ジエチルジ−n−プロピルアンモニウム、ジエチルジイソプロピルアンモニウム、ジエチル−n−プロピルイソプロピルアンモニウム、エチルトリ−n−プロピルアンモニウム、エチルトリイソプロピルアンモニウム、エチルジ−n−プロピルイソプロピルアンモニウム、エチル−n−プロピルジイソプロピルアンモニウム、ジエチルメチル−n−プロピルアンモニウム、エチルジメチル−n−プロピルアンモニウム、エチルメチルジ−n−プロピルアンモニウム、ジエチルメチルイソプロピルアンモニウム、エチルジメチルイソプロピルアンモニウム、エチルメチルジイソプロピルアンモニウム、エチルメチル−n−プロピルイソプロピルアンモニウム、テトラ−n−プロピルアンモニウム、テトライソプロピルアンモニウム、n−プロピルトリイソプロピルアンモニウム、ジ−n−プロピルジイソプロピルアンモニウム、トリ−n−プロピルイソプロピルアンモニウム、トリメチルブチルアンモニウム、トリメチルペンチルアンモニウム、トリメチルヘキシルアンモニウム、トリメチルヘプチルアンモニウム、トリメチルオクチルアンモニウム、トリメチルノニルアンモニウム、トリメチルデシルアンモニウム、トリメチルウンデシルアンモニウム、トリメチルドデシルアンモニウム等のテトラアルキルアンモニウム;トリメチルフェニルアンモニウム、テトラフェニルアンモニウム等の芳香族置換アンモニウム;N,N−ジメチルピロリジニウム、N−エチル−N−メチルピロリジニウム、N,N−ジエチルピロリジニウム、N,N−テトラメチレンピロリジニウム等ピロリジニウム化合物;N,N−ジメチルピペリジニウム、N−エチル−N−メチルピペリジニウム、N,N−ジエチルピペリジニウム、N,N−テトラメチレンピペリジニウム、N,N−ペンタメチレンピペリジニウム等のピペリジニウム化合物、N,N−ジメチルモルホリニウム、N−エチル−N−メチルモルホリニウム、N,N−ジエチルモルホリニウム等のモルホリニウム化合物等の脂肪族環状アンモニウム;N−メチルピリジニウム、N−エチルピリジニウム、N−n−プロピルピリジニウム、N−イソプロピルピリジニウム、N−n−ブチルピリジニウム等の含窒素ヘテロ環芳香族化合物等を挙げることができる。
【0016】
四級化ホスホニウムの具体例としては、テトラメチルホスホニウム、トリエチルメチルホスホニウム、テトラエチルホスホニウム等を挙げることができる。
四級化イミダゾリウムの具体例としては、1,3−ジメチルイミダゾリウム、1,2,3−トリメチルイミダゾリウム、1−エチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウム、1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリウム、1,3−ジエチルイミダゾリウム、1,2−ジエチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウム、1,3−ジエチル−2−メチルイミダゾリウム、1,2−ジメチル−3−n−プロピルイミダゾリウム、1−n−ブチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウム、1−メチル−3−n−プロピル−2,4−ジメチルイミダゾリウム、1,2,3,4−テトラメチルイミダゾリウム、1,2,3,4,5−ペンタメチルイミダゾリウム、2−エチル−1,3−ジメチルイミダゾリウム、1,3−ジメチル−2−n−プロピルイミダゾリウム、1,3−ジメチル−2−n−ペンチルイミダゾリウム、1,3−ジメチル−2−n−ヘプチルイミダゾリウム、1,3,4−トリメチルイミダゾリウム、2−エチル−1,3,4−トリメチルイミダゾリウム、1,3−ジメチルベンゾイミダゾリウム、1−フェニル−3−メチルイミダゾリウム、1−ベンジル−3−メチルイミダゾリウム、1−フェニル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリウム、1−ベンジル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリウム、2−フェニル−1,3−ジメチルイミダゾリウム、2−ベンジル−1,3−ジメチルイミダゾリウム、1,3−ジメチル−2−n−ウンデシルイミダゾリウム、1,3−ジメチル−2−n−ヘプタデシルイミダゾリウム等、さらには2−(2′−ヒドロキシ)エチル−1,3−ジメチルイミダゾリウム、1−(2′−ヒドロキシ)エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリウム、2−エトキシメチル−1,3−ジメチルイミダゾリウム、1−エトキシメチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリウム等のヒドロキシル基やエーテル結合を有する基等を挙げることができる。
【0017】
四級化環状アミジニウムの具体例としては、1,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウム、1,2,3−トリメチルイミダゾリニウム、1−エチル−3−メチルイミダゾリニウム、1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウム、1,3−ジエチルイミダゾリニウム、1,2−ジエチル−3−メチルイミダゾリニウム、1,3−ジエチル−2−メチルイミダゾリニウム、1,2−ジメチル−3−n−プロピルイミダゾリニウム、1−n−ブチル−3−メチルイミダゾリニウム、1−メチル−3−n−プロピル−2,4−ジメチルイミダゾリニウム、1,2,3,4−テトラメチルイミダゾリニウム、2−エチル−1,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウム、1,3−ジメチル−2−n−プロピルイミダゾリニウム、1,3−ジメチル−2−n−ペンチルイミダゾリニウム、1,3−ジメチル−2−n−ヘプチルイミダゾリニウム、1,3,4−トリメチルイミダゾリニウム、2−エチル−1,3,4−トリメチルイミダゾリニウム、1−フェニル−3−メチルイミダゾリニウム、1−ベンジル−3−メチルイミダゾリニウム、1−フェニル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウム、1−ベンジル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウム、2−フェニル−1,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウム、2−ベンジル−1,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウム等のイミダゾリニウム化合物;1,3−ジメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1,3−ジエチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1−エチル−3−メチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1,2,3−トリメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1,2,3−トリエチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、2−エチル−1,3−ジメチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1,2−ジエチル−3−メチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム、1,3−ジエチル−2−メチルテトラヒドロピリミジニウム等のテトラヒドロピリミジニウム化合物;5−メチル−1,5−ジアザビシクロ〔4.3.0〕ノネン−5、8−メチル−1,8−ジアザビシクロ〔5.4.0〕ウンデセン−7、1,3−ジメチル−2−n−ウンデシルイミダゾリニウム、1,3−ジメチル−2−n−ヘプタデシルイミダゾリニウム、さらには2−(2′−ヒドロキシ)エチル−1,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウム、1−(2′−ヒドロキシ)エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウム、2−エトキシメチル−1,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウム、1−エトキシメチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウム等のヒドロキシル基やエーテル結合を有する基を挙げることができる。
【0018】
アンモニウムの具体例としては、トリメチルアンモニウム、エチルジメチルアンモニウム、ジエチルメチルアンモニウム、トリエチルアンモニウム、ピリジニウム、N−メチルイミダゾリニウム、1,5−ジアザビシクロ〔4.3.0〕ノネニウム−5、1,8−ジアザビシクロ〔5.4.0〕ウンデセニウム−7等を挙げることができる。
【0019】
これらのうち、総炭素数が4〜12である有機オニウムが好ましく、なかでもテトラエチルアンモニウム、トリエチルメチルアンモニウム、ジエチルジメチルアンモニウム、エチルトリメチルアンモニウム、テトラメチルアンモニウム、N,N−ジメチルピロリジニウム、N−エチル−N−メチルピロリジニウム、1,3−ジメチルイミダゾリウム、1,2,3−トリメチルイミダゾリウム、1−エチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウム、1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリウム、1,2,3,4−テトラメチルイミダゾリウム、1,3−ジエチルイミダゾリウム、2−エチル−1,3−ジメチルイミダゾリウム、1,3−ジメチル−2−n−プロピルイミダゾリウム、1,3−ジメチル−2−n−ペンチルイミダゾリウム、1,3−ジメチル−2−n−ヘプチルイミダゾリウム、1,3,4−トリメチルイミダゾリウム、2−エチル−1,3,4−トリメチルイミダゾリウム、1,3−ジメチルベンゾイミダゾリウム、1−フェニル−3−メチルイミダゾリウム、1−ベンジル−3−メチルイミダゾリウム、1−フェニル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリウム、1−ベンジル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリウム、2−フェニル−1,3−ジメチルイミダゾリウム、2−ベンジル−1,3−ジメチルイミダゾリウム、1,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウム、1,2,3−トリメチルイミダゾリニウム、1−エチル−3−メチルイミダゾリニウム、1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウム、1,2,3,4−テトラメチルイミダゾリニウム、1,3−ジエチルイミダゾリニウム、2−エチル−1,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウム、1,3−ジメチル−2−n−プロピルイミダゾリニウム、1,3−ジメチル−2−n−ペンチルイミダゾリニウム、1,3−ジメチル−2−n−ヘプチルイミダゾリニウム、1,3,4−トリメチルイミダゾリニウム、2−エチル−1,3,4−トリメチルイミダゾリニウム、1−フェニル−3−メチルイミダゾリニウム、1−ベンジル−3−メチルイミダゾリニウム、1−フェニル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウム、1−ベンジル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウム、2−フェニル−1,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウム、2−ベンジル−1,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウムからなる群から選択される一種以上の化合物であることが好ましく、更に好ましくは、1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウム、1,2,3,4−テトラメチルイミダゾリニウムである。
【0020】
これらの有機オニウム塩はそのまま使用することも出来るし、反応に不活性な溶媒に溶解して使用することもできる。また、四級化反応液をそのまま使用することも出来る。例えば1−エチル−2−メチルイミダゾールをジメチルカーボネートで四級化した反応液をそのまま使用することも出来る。
本発明の製法における原料の他の一つは、アルミニウム源であるアルミニウム化合物又は金属アルミニウムである。アルミニウム化合物としては、水酸化アルミニウム、酸化アルミニウム、塩化アルミニウム、酢酸アルミニウム、臭化アルミニウム、硝酸アルミニウム、硫酸アルミニウム、リン酸アルミニウム、硫酸カリウムアルミニウム、ケイ酸アルミニウム、アルミナホワイト等の三フッ化アルミニウムを除く任意のものが使用できる。好ましくは水酸化アルミニウム、酸化アルミニウム、金属アルミニウム、塩化アルミニウム、特に好ましくは水酸化アルミニウムを使用する。
【0021】
水酸化アルミニウムとしては、例えばゾル状水酸化アルミニウム、乾燥水酸化アルミニウムゲル、結晶性水酸化アルミニウム(ジアスポアー、ベーマイト、疑似ベーマイト、ギブサイト、バイヤライト、ノルドストランダイト等)、水酸化酸化アルミニウム等が使用できる。これらのうちギブサイトが特に好ましい。
酸化アルミニウムとしては、例えばアルミナ、ゾル状アルミナ、溶融アルミナ、活性アルミナ、ローソーダアルミナ、超微粒子酸化アルミニウムが使用できる。
【0022】
本発明の製法における原料のさらに他の一つは、フッ素源であるフッ化水素又はケイフッ化水素酸である。フッ化水素はそのまま使用することも出来るし、反応に不活性な溶媒に溶解して使用することもできる。好ましくは無水フッ化水素、フッ化水素メタノール溶液、フッ化水素水溶液として使用する。ケイフッ化水素酸は、好ましくは水溶液として使用する。
【0023】
本発明の製法において使用可能な溶媒としては、例えば水;メタノール、エタノール、n−プロパノール、イソプロパノール、n−ブタノール等のアルコール類;アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、ジエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン等のケトン類;ジエチルエーテル、エチル−n−プロピルエーテル、エチル−イソプロピルエーテル、ジ−n−プロピルエーテル、ジイソプロピルエーテル、n−プロピルイソプロピルエーテル、ジメトキシエタン、メトキシエトキシエタン、ジエトキシエタン、テトラヒドロフラン等のエーテル類;アセトニトリル、プロピオニトリル等のニトリル類;ペンタン、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、オクタン、シクロヘキサン、メチルシクロヘキサン、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン等の炭化水素類;酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、炭酸ジメチル、炭酸ジエチル、炭酸エチルメチル、炭酸エチレン、炭酸プロピレン等のエステル類等が挙げられる。この中でも好ましいのは、水、メタノール又はエタノールである。これらの溶媒は、単独でも混合して用いても良い。
【0024】
フッ化水素を使用する場合の使用量は、アルミニウム源のアルミニウムに対して多すぎると、過剰なフッ素がテトラフルオロアルミン酸にさらに結合し、ペンタフルオロアルミン酸やヘキサフルオロアルミン酸等の過度にフッ素化が進行した副生物を生じやすくなり、目的とするテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩の選択性が低くなる。従って工業的には、アルミニウム源のアルミニウムに対して、10モル倍を超えるような割合、中でも8モル倍を超えるような割合とならないようにすることが望ましく、通常3〜5モル倍、好ましくは3.5〜4.5モル倍、特に好ましくは3.8〜4.2モル倍である。なお有機オニウム塩がフッ化物塩である場合には上記より若干少なくてもよく、通常は2〜4モル倍、好ましくは2.5〜3.5モル倍、特に好ましくは2.8〜3.2モル倍である。
【0025】
ケイフッ化水素酸を使用する場合の使用量も、アルミニウム源のアルミニウムに対して多すぎると、過剰なフッ素がテトラフルオロアルミン酸にさらに結合し、ペンタフルオロアルミン酸やヘキサフルオロアルミン酸等の過度にフッ素化が進行した副生物を生じやすくなり、目的とするテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩の選択性が低くなる。従って工業的には、アルミニウム源のアルミニウムに対して、1.7モル倍を超えるような割合、中でも1.3モル倍を超えるような割合とならないようにすることが望ましく、通常0.5〜0.83モル倍、好ましくは0.58〜0.75モル倍、特に好ましくは0.63〜0.7モル倍である。有機オニウム塩がフッ化物塩である場合は、上記と同じく若干少なくてもよく、通常は0.33〜0.67モル倍、好ましくは0.42〜0.58モル倍、特に好ましくは0.47〜0.53モル倍である。
【0026】
またフッ化水素及びケイフッ化水素酸を任意の割合で併用することもでき、この場合の使用量についても、アルミニウム源のアルミニウムに対して多すぎると、過剰なフッ素がテトラフルオロアルミン酸にさらに結合し、ペンタフルオロアルミン酸やヘキサフルオロアルミン酸等の過度にフッ素化が進行した副生物を生じやすくなり、目的とするテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩の選択性が低くなる。従って工業的には、フッ化水素をxモル、ケイフッ化水素酸をyモルとしたときの使用量は、x+y×6がアルミニウム源のアルミニウムに対して、10モル倍を超えるような割合、中でも8モル倍を超えるような割合とならないようにすることが望ましく、通常は3〜5モル倍、好ましくは3.5〜4.5モル倍、特に好ましくは3.8〜4.2モル倍となる量である。有機オニウム塩がフッ化物塩である場合は、上記の数値はそれぞれ2〜4モル倍、2.5〜3.5モル倍、2.8〜3.2モル倍となる。
【0027】
アルミニウム源は単独でも複数を併用してもよく、その使用量は、有機オニウム塩に対してアルミニウム原子換算のモル比で、通常0.5〜10倍、好ましくは0.8〜2倍、特に好ましくは0.9〜1.2倍であるが、0.9〜1倍とすると、より安全性に優れる。
なお、本発明においては、所望ならばアルミニウム化合物や金属アルミニウムと共に、三フッ化アルミニウムを併用することもできる。しかし大量の三フッ化アルミニウムを併用することは、三フッ化アルミニウムを他のアルミニウム源とフッ素源で代替するという本発明の趣旨に反する。従って三フッ化アルミニウムを併用するときには、他のアルミニウム源に対してアルミニウムとして50%以下となるように用いるべきである。25%以下、特に10%以下となるように併用するのが好ましい。なお、三フッ化アルミニウムとしては、3水和物を用いるのが好ましい。
【0028】
反応方法は、例えばフッ化水素又はケイフッ化水素酸に有機オニウム塩を添加し、次いでアルミニウム化合物を添加する方法;有機オニウム塩にフッ化水素又はケイフッ化水素酸を添加し、次いでアルミニウム化合物を添加する方法;フッ化水素又はケイフッ化水素酸と有機オニウム塩を同時又は交互に添加し、次いでアルミニウム化合物を添加する方法;フッ化水素又ケイフッ化水素酸にアルミニウム化合物を添加し、次いで有機オニウム塩又を添加する方法;アルミニウム化合物にフッ化水素又はケイフッ化水素酸を添加し、次いで有機オニウム塩を添加する方法;フッ化水素又はケイフッ化水素酸とアルミニウム化合物を同時又は交互に添加し、次いで有機オニウム塩を添加する方法;有機オニウム塩にアルミニウム化合物を添加し、次いでフッ化水素又ケイフッ化水素酸を添加する方法;アルミニウム化合物に有機オニウム塩を添加し、次いでフッ化水素又ケイフッ化水素酸を添加する方法;有機オニウム塩とアルミニウム化合物を同時又は交互に添加し、次いでフッ化水素又はケイフッ化水素酸を添加する方法;有機オニウム塩とフッ化水素又はケイフッ化水素酸とアルミニウム化合物を同時又は交互に添加する方法;及びそれらの方法の組み合わせが挙げられる。これらのうち、好ましいのはフッ化水素又ケイフッ化水素酸にアルミニウム化合物を添加し、次いで有機オニウム塩又を添加する方法;アルミニウム化合物にフッ化水素又はケイフッ化水素酸を添加し、次いで有機オニウム塩を添加する方法;フッ化水素又はケイフッ化水素酸とアルミニウム化合物を同時又は交互に添加し、次いで有機オニウム塩を添加する方法である。反応に使用するフッ化水素、ケイフッ化水素酸、アルミニウム化合物及び有機オニウム塩を反応器に供給するには、溶媒に溶解又は分散して行ってもよく、反応器に予め溶媒を仕込んでおいてこれに添加してもよい。
【0029】
反応器は、ポリテトラフルオロエチレンライニングを施した耐酸性のものを用いるのがよい。
反応温度は制限がないが、通常−20〜150℃、好ましくは−10〜50℃、さらに好ましくは0〜25℃で反応させる。本発明においては、反応を2回に分けて行うこともでき、その場合は後の反応温度を最初の反応と同等〜やや高めとすることが好ましい。
反応圧力は制限がないが、通常は常圧で実施される。
反応雰囲気は特に制限なく、空気雰囲気下でもよいが、好ましくは窒素、アルゴンなどの不活性ガス雰囲気下で行われる。
【0030】
本発明により得られる有機オニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩を電解コンデンサに用いる場合には、高純度であることが望まれるため、塩は必要により晶析や溶媒抽出等により所望の純度にまで精製して使用される。
晶析溶媒としては炭素数4以下のアルコールが挙げられる。炭素数4以下のアルコールとはメタノール、エタノール、n−プロパノール、イソプロパノール、n−ブタノール、イソブタノール、2−ブタノール、t−ブタノール及びこれらの混合物である。これらの溶媒で晶析を行うことにより、不純物含量が少ない有機オニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩が効率よく得られる。
【0031】
本発明により得られる有機オニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩は、界面活性剤、電池やコンデンサ等の電気化学素子用の電解質、相関移動触媒、帯電防止剤などの分野で使用される有用な化合物であり、特に電解コンデンサ等の電気化学的素子用電解質として有用である。
なお、本発明に係る電解液は、上記の方法で得られた有機オニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩を電解質とするものであるあ、テトラフルオロアルミン酸イオン以外のアニオン成分を含むことができ、これらの具体的な例としては、例えば含フッ素無機イオン、テトラフルオロホウ酸イオン、ヘキサフルオロリン酸イオン、ヘキサフルオロヒ酸イオン、ヘキサフルオロアンチモン酸イオン、ヘキサフルオロニオブ酸イオン、ヘキサフルオロタンタル酸イオン等の含フッ素無機イオン;フタル酸水素イオン、マレイン酸水素イオン、サリチル酸イオン、安息香酸イオン、アジピン酸イオン等のカルボン酸イオン;ベンゼンスルホン酸イオン、トルエンスルホン酸イオン、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸イオン、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸イオン、パーフルオロブタンスルホン酸等のスルホン酸イオン;ホウ酸イオン、リン酸イオン等の無機オキソ酸イオン;ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドイオン、ビス(ペンタフルオロエタンスルホニル)イミドイオン、トリス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)メチドイオン、パーフルオロアルキルフルオロボレートイオン、パーフルオロアルキルフルオロホスフェートイオン、ボロジカテコレート、ボロジグリコレート、ボロジサリチレート、ボロテトラキス(トリフルオロアセテート)、ビス(オキサラト)ボレート等の四配位ホウ酸イオン等を挙げることができる。例えば、有機オニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩とフタル酸水素塩、マレイン酸水素塩等を併用する場合、テトラフルオロアルミン酸塩が主体となることが好ましく、塩の総重量に対して、テトラフルオロアルミン酸塩が50重量%以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは60重量%以上、更に好ましくは70重量%以上であり、比率は高い程、好ましい。
【0032】
本発明の電解液において有機オニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩の濃度は、好ましくは5〜40重量%であり、更に好ましくは10〜35重量%である。これは濃度が低すぎる場合に電気伝導率が低いこと、また濃度が高すぎる場合には電解液の粘性の増加、低温での塩が析出等が起こりやすくなる等の理由による。一般に、低濃度になるほど電解コンデンサ用電解液の耐電圧は増加する傾向にあるので、所望のコンデンサの定格電圧によって最適な濃度を決定することができる。ただし、本発明の電解液は、塩を50%以上含有する濃厚溶液であってもよく、常温溶融塩であってもよい。
【0033】
本発明の電解液は、さらに優れた電気伝導率、熱安定性、耐電圧性を有する電解液を得る観点から、溶媒を50重量%以上含有することが好ましい。溶媒としては、炭酸エステル、カルボン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、ニトリル、アミド、スルホン、アルコール及び水からなる群より選択される1種以上が挙げられるが、炭酸エステル、カルボン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、ニトリル、アミド、スルホン及びアルコールから選ばれる溶媒は、電解液に使用した場合に、経時的に安定した特性を示す傾向があるので好ましい。溶媒として、水を用いる場合は、他の溶媒と組合せて、溶媒の一部として用いることが好ましい。
【0034】
溶媒の具体的な例としては、例えば鎖状炭酸エステル(例えば、炭酸ジメチル、炭酸エチルメチル、炭酸ジエチル、炭酸ジフェニル、炭酸メチルフェニル等の鎖状炭酸エステル)、環状炭酸エステル(例えば、炭酸エチレン、炭酸プロピレン、2,3−ジメチル炭酸エチレン、炭酸ブチレン、炭酸ビニレン、2−ビニル炭酸エチレン等の環状炭酸エステル)等の炭酸エステル;脂肪族カルボン酸エステル(例えば、ギ酸メチル、酢酸メチル、プロピオン酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸プロピル、酢酸ブチル、酢酸アミル等)、芳香族カルボン酸エステル(例えば、安息香酸メチル、安息香酸エチル等の芳香族カルボン酸エステル等)、ラクトン(例えば、γ−ブチロラクトン、γ−バレロラクトン、δ−バレロラクトン等)等のカルボン酸エステル;リン酸トリメチル、リン酸エチルジメチル、リン酸ジエチルメチル、リン酸トリエチル等のリン酸エステル;アセトニトリル、プロピオニトリル、メトキシプロピオニトリル、グルタロニトリル、アジポニトリル、2−メチルグルタロニトリル等のニトリル;N−メチルホルムアミド、N−エチルホルムアミド、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド、N−メチルピロリジノン等のアミド;ジメチルスルホン、エチルメチルスルホン、ジエチルスルホン、スルホラン、3−メチルスルホラン、2,4−ジメチルスルホラン等のスルホン;エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル等のアルコール;エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、1,4−ジオキサン、1,3−ジオキソラン、テトラヒドロフラン、2−メチルテトラヒドロフラン、2,6−ジメチルテトラヒドロフラン、テトラヒドロピラン等のエーテル;ジメチルスルホキシド、メチルエチルスルホキシド、ジエチルスルホキシド等のスルホキシド;1,3−ジメチル−2−イミダゾリジノン、1,3−ジメチル−3,4,5,6−テトラヒドロ−2(1H)−ピリミジノン、3−メチル−2−オキサゾリジノン等を挙げることができる。
【0035】
なお、導電性により優れる電解液を得る観点からは、溶媒が25以上の比誘電率(ε、25℃)を有する非水系溶媒を用いることが好ましく、また、安全性の観点からは、溶媒が70℃以上の引火点を有する非水系溶媒であるのが好ましい。
熱安定性により優れる電解液を得る観点からは、溶媒は、沸点250℃以上、融点−60〜40℃、及び誘電率(ε、25℃)25以上である溶媒を、溶媒の総重量に対して、25重量%以上含むのが好ましい。中でも好ましいのは、このような溶媒を40重量%以上、特に50重量%以上含むものである。このような溶媒の例としては、スルホンを挙げることができ、特にスルホラン、3−メチルスルホランが好ましい。このような溶媒を電解液に組合せて用いることにより、環境温度110〜150℃での動作を1000時間以上保証する、低インピーダンスで高耐電圧な電解コンデンサが得られる。
【0036】
また、より低インピーダンスの電解コンデンサを得る観点からは、溶媒が、沸点190℃以上、250℃未満、融点−60〜40℃、及び誘電率(ε、25℃)25以上である溶媒を、溶媒の総重量に対して、25重量%以上含むのが好ましい。中でも好ましいのは、このような溶媒を40重量%以上、特に50重量%以上含むものである。このような溶媒の例としては、炭酸エステル、カルボン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、ニトリル、アミド及びアルコールを挙げることができ、特にγ−ブチロラクトン、エチレングリコールが好ましい。このような溶媒を電解液に組合せて用いることにより、極めて低インピーダンスで高電圧な電解コンデンサが得られる。
【0037】
熱安定性の観点から、特に好ましい電解液としては、溶媒がスルホランであり、1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩又は1,2,3,4−テトラメチルイミダゾリニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩を、電解液の総重量に対して、5〜40重量%含有する電解コンデンサ用電解液が挙げられる。また、低インピーダンスの電解コンデンサを得ることができる観点からは、溶媒がγ−ブチロラクトンであり、1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウム塩のテトラフルオロアルミン酸又は1,2,3,4−テトラメチルイミダゾリニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩を、電解液の総重量に対して、5〜40重量%含有する電解コンデンサ用電解液が挙げられる。また、スルホランとγ−ブチロラクトンを併用した溶媒も好ましい。
【0038】
本発明の電解液には、上記の塩及び溶媒の他にも種々の添加剤を含有させてもよい。電解液に添加物を加える目的は多岐に渡り、電気伝導率の向上、熱安定性の向上、水和や溶解による電極劣化の抑制、ガス発生の抑制、耐電圧の向上、濡れ性の改善等を挙げることができる。添加物の含有量は特に制限はないが、0.1〜20重量%の範囲であることが好ましく、0.5〜10重量%の範囲であることがより好ましい。
【0039】
そのような添加物の例としては、p−ニトロフェノール、m−ニトロアセトフェノン、p−ニトロ安息香酸等のニトロ化合物;リン酸ジブチル、リン酸モノブチル、リン酸ジオクチル、オクチルホスホン酸モノオクチル、リン酸等のリン化合物;ホウ酸と多価アルコール(エチレングリコール、グリセリン、マンニトール、ポリビニルアルコール等)との錯化合物等のホウ素化合物;シリカ、アルミノシリケート等の金属酸化物微粒子;ポリエチレングリコールやポリプロピレングリコール等のポリアルキレングリコール及びその共重合体、シリコーンオイル等の界面活性剤等を挙げることができる。
【0040】
本発明の電解液は、これに高分子化合物を添加することにより固体化して、いわゆるゲル化電解液として使用してもよい。このようなゲル化電解液に使用される高分子の例としては、ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリメチルメタクリレート等を挙げることができる。
【0041】
本発明の電解液において、電解液の溶媒に非水系溶媒を用いた場合、水分含量を制御することによって、このような電解液を用いたコンデンサのライフ特性がより安定する。一般に、非水系溶媒を用いた電解コンデンサの電解液中に多量の水分が含まれると、長期間使用している間に、陽極や陰極のアルミニウムが水和劣化を受け、同時にガスが発生することが知られている。一方、水分がまったくないと、陽極酸化皮膜を修復する際の化成性が劣る傾向があることも知られている。
【0042】
しかし、従来の電解液及びコンデンサにおいては、これまで定格電圧35V以下の低い電圧領域で使用されていたことから、3重量%程度の水分が存在しても、コンデンサのライフ特性への影響が小さかった。しかし、本発明の電解液を用いたコンデンサは、定格電圧100Vクラスまでの高い電圧領域で使用可能であり、また高耐熱性の要求も満たすものであるため、これまでとは異なり、水分含量の影響が大きい。本発明の電解液は、非水系溶媒を使用した場合、電解液中の水分濃度が、1重量%以下であることが好ましく、上記の化成性をも考慮すれば、好ましくは0.01〜1重量%であり、特に好ましくは0.01〜0.1重量%である。
【0043】
本発明は、本発明による電解液を使用した電解コンデンサも提供する。電解コンデンサの例としては、アルミニウム電解コンデンサ、タンタル電解コンデンサ、ニオブ電解コンデンサ等を挙げることができる。
アルミニウム電解コンデンサの場合は、例えば陽極箔と陰極箔とをセパレータ紙を介して巻回して形成した常用の素子を用いる。陽極箔には、常用の純度99.9%のアルミニウム箔を酸性溶液中で化学的あるいは電気化学的なエッチングにより拡面処理した後、アジピン酸アンモニウムやホウ酸、リン酸等の水溶液中で化成処理を行い、その表面に酸化アルミニウム皮膜層を形成したものを用いればよい。陰極箔にも、常用の純度99.9%のアルミニウム箔をエッチングして拡面処理した箔を用いればよい。陰極箔にはエッチングしたアルミニウム箔の表面に窒化チタンの薄膜を形成したもの(例えば特開平9−186054号公報に記載)を用いてもよい。
【0044】
このように構成したコンデンサ素子のセパレータに、本発明による電解液を含浸する。有底筒状のアルミニウムよりなる外装ケースに収納し、外装ケースの開口端部にブチルゴム製の封口体を挿入し、更に外装ケースの端部を絞り加工して電解コンデンサの封口を行うことによりアルミニウム電解コンデンサを得ることができる。封口体の表面をテフロン(R)等の樹脂でコーティングしたり、ベークライト等の板を貼り付けると、溶媒蒸気の透過性が低減するので更に好ましい。
【0045】
セパレータには、通常マニラ紙やクラフト紙等の紙が用いられるが、ガラス繊維、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン等の不織布を用いることもできる。封口体に用いるブチルゴムには、イソブチレンとイソプレンとの共重合体からなる生ゴムに補強剤(カーボンブラック等)、増量剤(クレイ、タルク、炭酸カルシウム等)、加工助剤(ステアリン酸、酸化亜鉛等)、加硫剤等を添加して混練した後、圧延、成型したゴム弾性体を用いることができる。加硫剤には、アルキルフェノールホルマリン樹脂;過酸化物(ジクミルペルオキシド、1,1−ジ−(t−ブチルペルオキシ)−3,3,5−トリメチルシクロヘキサン、2,5−ジメチル−2,5−ジ−(t−ブチルペルオキシ)ヘキサン等);キノイド(p−キノンジオキシム、p,p′−ジベンゾイルキノンジオキシム等);イオウ等を用いることができる。
【0046】
また本発明の電解コンデンサは、ハーメチックシール構造や樹脂ケースに密閉した構造(例えば特開平8−148384号公報に記載)のものであってもよい。ゴム封止構造のアルミニウム電解コンデンサの場合、ある程度ゴムを通して気体が透過するため、高温環境下においてはコンデンサ内部から大気中へ溶媒が揮発し、また高温高湿環境下においては大気中からコンデンサ内部へ水分が混入する。これらの過酷な環境のもとで、コンデンサは静電容量の減少等の好ましくない特性変化を起こす。一方、ハーメチックシール構造や樹脂ケースに密閉した構造のコンデンサにおいては、気体の透過量が極めて小さいため上述の過酷な環境下においても安定した特性を示す。
【0047】
【実施例】
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明を更に具体的に説明する。以下の実施例に示す材料、使用量、割合、操作等は、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない限り適宜変更することができる。従って、本発明の範囲は以下に示す具体例に限定されるものではない。
【0048】
実施例1
PFA製丸底フラスコにフッ化水素酸(46.9重量%水溶液)17.06g(0.400モル)を仕込み、反応器を氷浴しながら、水酸化アルミニウム(純度95.2重量%)8.19g(0.100モル)を水23.40gに懸濁した懸濁液を15分かけて滴下した。室温でさらに30分攪拌した後、1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウムのメチル炭酸塩のメタノール−炭酸ジメチル溶液(1.78mol/kg)58.99g(0.105モル)を滴下し、さらに60℃で1時間攪拌した。反応液を濾過し、固形分を濾別後、溶媒を留去し、n−ブタノールから晶析して1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩の白色結晶を得た。収量は22.0g、仕込みからのトータル収率は96%であった。
【0049】
(電解液の調製)
この1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩をγ−ブチロラクトンに溶解し、25%濃度の電解液を調製した。電気伝導率は25℃で24.3mS/cmであった。同様にγ−ブチロラクトンに溶解し40%濃度の電解液を調製した。この電解液の25℃における電気伝導率は29.0mS/cmであった。電解液中に含まれる水分量は1,600ppmであった。
【0050】
(アルミニウム電解コンデンサの作製)
この40% 1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩のγ−ブチロラクトン溶液を用いて、定格電圧100V、ケースサイズ10φ×20LのCE04型アルミニウム電解コンデンサを作製した。コンデンサ素子には、エッチング処理したアルミニウム箔を陽極酸化することにより、表面に酸化アルミニウムからなる誘電体被膜を形成したものを陽極、エッチング処理したアルミニウム箔を陰極、マニラ紙をセパレータとしてこれらを巻回したものを用いた。このコンデンサ素子を125℃で乾燥した後に電解液を真空含浸し、さらにこれを円筒状のアルミニウムケースとブチルゴムからなる封口材と共に加締めを行った。最後に使用条件以上の高温、高圧下でエージング処理して陽極酸化被膜の修復を行い、アルミニウム電解コンデンサを作製した。
このコンデンサは120Hzにおける静電容量が55μF、100kHzにおけるESR(等価直列抵抗)は0.04Ωであった。
【0051】
実施例2
PFA製丸底フラスコにフッ化水素酸(46.9重量%水溶液)12.79g(0.300モル)を仕込み、反応器を氷浴しながら、水酸化アルミニウム(純度95.2重量%)8.60g(0.105モル)を水24.60gに懸濁した懸濁液を15分かけて滴下した。室温でさらに30分攪拌した後、1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウムのフッ化物塩のメタノール溶液(4.19mol/kg)23.80g(0.100モル)を滴下し、さらに60℃で1時間攪拌した。反応液を濾過し、固形分を濾別後、溶媒を留去し、n−ブタノールから晶析して1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩の白色結晶を得た。収量は16.8g、仕込みからのトータル収率は73%であった。
【0052】
実施例3
PFA製丸底フラスコにフッ化水素酸(46.9重量%水溶液)17.06g(0.400モル)を仕込み、反応器を氷浴しながら、1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウムのメチル炭酸塩のメタノール−炭酸ジメチル溶液(1.78mol/kg)56.20g(0.100モル)を15分かけて滴下し、次いで水酸化アルミニウム(純度95.2重量%)8.19g(0.100モル)を水23.40gに懸濁した懸濁液を15分かけて滴下した。室温で30分攪拌した後、さらに60℃で1時間攪拌した。反応液を濾過し、固形分を濾別後、溶媒を留去し、n−ブタノールから晶析して1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩の白色結晶を得た。収量は21.5g、仕込みからのトータル収率は93%であった。
【0053】
実施例4
PFA製丸底フラスコにケイフッ化水素酸(24.3重量%水溶液)29.60g(0.05モル)を仕込み、室温で水酸化アルミニウム(純度95.2重量%)8.19g(0.100モル)を水23.40gに懸濁した懸濁液を15分かけて滴下した。反応液を95℃で10分攪拌した後、室温で1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウムのフッ化物塩のメタノール溶液(4.19mol/kg)23.80g(0.100モル)を滴下し、さらに60℃で1時間攪拌した。反応液を濾過し、固形分を濾別後、溶媒を留去し、n−ブタノールから晶析して1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩の白色結晶を得た。収量は18.2g、仕込みからのトータル収率は79%であった。
【0054】
比較例1
ガラス製丸底フラスコに1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウムのメチル炭酸塩のメタノール−ジメチルカーボネート溶液(1.77mol/kg)を56.5g(100mmol)とフッ化アンモニウム3.70g(100mmol)を仕込み、50℃で5時間攪拌した。反応液を濾過し、濾液に三フッ化アルミニウム3水和物を13.80(100mmol)を添加し50℃で3時間攪拌したところ反応液がゲル化してしまった。
【0055】
比較例2
PFA製丸底フラスコにフッ化水素30g(1500mmol)を仕込み、1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウムのメチル炭酸塩のメタノール−炭酸ジメチル溶液(1.77mol/kg)を28.3g(50mmol)を滴下した。そのまま30分攪拌し、さらに三フッ化アルミニウム3水和物を6.90(50mmol)を添加し3時間攪拌した。反応液は一旦完溶した後、固体が析出し、反応液及び固体を分析したが、1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩は存在していなかった。
【0056】
実施例5
PFA製丸底フラスコに酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)5.10g(0.05モル)を仕込み、フッ化水素酸(46.9重量%水溶液)17.06g(0.400モル)を室温で20分かけて滴下した。90℃で60分撹拌した後、反応器を氷浴しながら、1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウムのメチル炭酸塩のメタノール−炭酸ジメチル溶液(1.78mol/kg)を58.99g(0.105モル)を滴下し、さらに60℃で1時間撹拌した。反応液を濾過し、固形分を濾別後、溶媒を留去し、n−ブタノールから晶析して1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩の白色結晶を得た。収量は20.0g、仕込みからのトータル収率は87%であった。
【0057】
実施例6
PFA製丸底フラスコにフッ化水素酸(46.9重量%水溶液)8.53g(0.200モル)と水11.70gを仕込み、反応器を氷浴しながら、金属アルミニウム1.35g(0.05モル)を小片に分割し少しずつ15分かけて投入した。室温でさらに2時間撹拌した後、1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウムのメチル炭酸塩のメタノール−炭酸ジメチル溶液(1.78mol/kg)を29.49g(0.0525モル)を滴下し、さらに60℃で1時間撹拌した。反応液を濾過し、固形分を濾別後、溶媒を留去し、n−ブタノールから晶析して1−エチル−2,3−ジメチルイミダゾリニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩の白色結晶を得た。収量は10.4g、仕込みからのトータル収率は90%であった。
【0058】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、電池、電解コンデンサ等の電気化学的素子に使用される電解質をはじめとする各種化学品として有用な有機オニウムのテトラフルオロアルミン酸塩を収率よく合成することができる。[0001]
[Technical field to which the invention belongs]
The present invention relates to a method for producing an organic onium tetrafluoroaluminate. Organic onium tetrafluoroaluminates are surfactants; phase transfer catalysts; softeners; antistatic agents such as detergents; dispersants such as asphalt and cement; disinfectants; preservatives; A useful chemical substance used in a wide range of fields as an anti-aggregating agent and the like, and particularly useful as an electrolyte for electrochemical devices such as batteries and electrolytic capacitors.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a method for producing an organic onium tetrafluoroaluminate, a method in which an organoaluminum compound and a pyridine-hydrogen fluoride complex are reacted (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1), an organic onium tetrafluoroaluminate and an amine compound are used. (For example, see Non-Patent Document 1), a method of reacting an organic onium carbonate or hydrogen carbonate with ammonium tetrafluoroaluminate (for example, see Patent Document 1), an organic onium hydroxide salt and Methods for reacting ammonium tetrafluoroaluminate (for example, see Patent Document 2) and methods for reacting tetramethylammonium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, hydrogen fluoride and water (for example, see Non-Patent Document 2) are known. Yes.
[0003]
Furthermore, as a method for synthesizing a polyfluorometallate salt of organic onium, a hydrofluoric acid of polyfluorometalate and a halogen salt of organic onium (for example, see Non-Patent Document 3) or a hydroxide salt of organic onium (for example, non-patent) And a method of reacting an organic onium alkyl carbonate (see, for example, Patent Document 3), synthesizing a quaternary ammonium fluoride hydrofluoride from a quaternary ammonium salt and hydrogen fluoride, A method of reacting boron fluoride (for example, see Patent Document 4) is known.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 11-322760 A [Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-322759 [Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-116113 [Patent Document 4]
JP 11-310555 A [Non-patent Document 1]
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1993, 115, 3028 [Non-patent Document 2]
Monatshefte fur Chemie, 1975, 106, 483 [Non-patent Document 3]
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1971, 36, 2371 [Non-Patent Document 4]
Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 2, 1978, Vol. 3, page 254 [0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the method using organoaluminum, a pyrophoric material must be handled, and the number of steps increases because it passes through a pyridinium salt of tetrafluoroaluminate. Further, the method of reacting ammonium tetrafluoroaluminate is not suitable for the reaction because of the low solubility of ammonium tetrafluoroaluminate. Furthermore, although the presence of tetrafluoroaluminate hydroacid (tetrafluoroaluminate) has been suggested, it has not been fully demonstrated, and even industrially available is almost impossible.
[0006]
On the other hand, boron and aluminum are elements of the same genus, but the reaction between organic onium fluoride hydrogen fluoride and aluminum trifluoride, similar to boron trifluoride, is a large excess of hydrogen fluoride in the case of aluminum. Then, in addition to tetrafluoroaluminate, 6-coordinate hexafluoroaluminate is formed, so that it cannot be applied.
Therefore, development of a production method suitable for industrial production of organic onium tetrafluoroaluminates has been strongly desired.
[0007]
In order to solve these problems, the inventors previously invented a method for producing an organic onium tetrafluoroaluminate characterized by reacting hydrogen fluoride, organic onium and aluminum trifluoride ( Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-129141). And, as a result of studying an improvement of a method for producing an industrially advantageous organic onium tetrafluoroaluminate, aluminum trifluoride in this production method is obtained by using hydrogen fluoride or silicohydrofluoric acid as a fluorine source. The present invention has been completed by finding that it can be replaced with an aluminum compound (except aluminum fluoride) or metal aluminum as an aluminum source, and that an organic onium salt can be produced at a lower cost.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention reacts (i) hydrogen fluoride and / or silicofluoric acid, (ii) an organic onium salt, and (iii) an aluminum compound (excluding aluminum trifluoride) and / or metal aluminum. The present invention resides in a method for producing an organic onium tetrafluoroaluminate.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
One of the raw materials in the production method of the present invention is an organic onium salt, preferably QOH, QROCO 2 or QX (wherein Q represents an organic onium, R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 10 or less carbon atoms, X represents a halogen atom). Examples of the alkyl group having 10 or less carbon atoms defined by R include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, i-propyl group, n-butyl group, n-pentyl group, n-hexyl group, and n-octyl group. , N-decyl group and the like. Examples of the halogen atom defined by X include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and a bromine atom. In the present invention, among such organic onium salts, hydroxide salts, methyl carbonates, hydrogen carbonates, and fluoride salts are preferably used, and hydroxide salts, methyl carbonates, and hydrogen carbonates are preferably used. More preferred. Further, in the case of the halide such as QX described above, a reaction for introducing halogen is accompanied. However, in the production method of the present invention, since it is reacted with hydrogen fluoride and / or silicofluoric acid, bother. It is industrially advantageous that there is no reaction step for introducing halogen. In this respect, it is preferable to use an organic onium salt containing no halogen atom.
[0010]
The organic onium in the present invention is a general term for compounds produced by coordination bonding of protons and other cations to these lone electron pairs in a compound containing an element having a lone electron pair (nitrogen, phosphorus, etc.), Although not particularly limited, those represented by the following formula (I) are preferably used.
[0011]
[Chemical formula 2]
[0012]
(In the formula, R 1 to R 4 may each independently have a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a substituent, a cycloalkyl group which may have a substituent, or a substituent. It represents an aryl group or optionally substituted aralkyl group and does not represent a 2 or more at the same time hydrogen atoms of R 1 to R 4. the R 1 to R 4, a part or all of They may be bonded to each other to form a ring, and when such a ring is formed, a nitrogen atom may be present on the constituent ring, and A represents a nitrogen atom or a phosphorus atom.)
[0013]
Examples of the alkyl group defined by R 1 to R 4 include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an i-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, and an n-hexyl group. 20, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and the cycloalkyl group has 3 to 20 carbon atoms such as cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, and more preferably 3 carbon atoms. A cycloalkyl group having 6 to 6 carbon atoms, examples of the aryl group include aryl groups having 6 to 20 carbon atoms such as phenyl group, tolyl group, and naphthyl group, more preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms. An aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 11 carbon atoms, such as a benzyl group, a phenethyl group, and a naphthylmethyl group.
[0014]
These alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, aryl groups, and aralkyl groups may have a substituent, such as a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a carboxyl group, and a formyl group. Can be mentioned.
Typical examples of the organic onium represented by the formula (I) include quaternized ammonium, quaternized phosphonium, quaternized imidazolium, quaternized cyclic amidinium, ammonium and the like. Moreover, as organic onium salt, what coordinated compounds, such as water and methanol, coordinated with organic onium salt is also included.
[0015]
Specific examples of quaternized ammonium include, for example, tetramethylammonium, ethyltrimethylammonium, diethyldimethylammonium, triethylmethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, trimethyl-n-propylammonium, trimethylisopropylammonium, trimethyl-n-butylammonium, trimethylisobutyl. Ammonium, trimethyl-t-butylammonium, trimethyl-n-hexylammonium, dimethyldi-n-propylammonium, dimethyldiisopropylammonium, dimethyl-n-propylisopropylammonium, methyltri-n-propylammonium, methyltriisopropylammonium, methyldi-n -Propylisopropylammonium, methyl-n-propyl Isopropylammonium, triethyl-n-propylammonium, triethylisopropylammonium, triethyl-n-butylammonium, triethylisobutylammonium, triethyl-t-butylammonium, dimethyldi-n-butylammonium, dimethyldiisobutylammonium, dimethyldi-t-butylammonium, Dimethyl-n-butylethylammonium, dimethylisobutylethylammonium, dimethyl-t-butylethylammonium, dimethyl-n-butylisobutylammonium, dimethyl-n-butyl-t-butylammonium, dimethylisobutyl-t-butylammonium, diethyldi- n-propylammonium, diethyldiisopropylammonium, diethyl-n-propyliso Propylammonium, ethyltri-n-propylammonium, ethyltriisopropylammonium, ethyldi-n-propylisopropylammonium, ethyl-n-propyldiisopropylammonium, diethylmethyl-n-propylammonium, ethyldimethyl-n-propylammonium, ethylmethyldi- n-propylammonium, diethylmethylisopropylammonium, ethyldimethylisopropylammonium, ethylmethyldiisopropylammonium, ethylmethyl-n-propylisopropylammonium, tetra-n-propylammonium, tetraisopropylammonium, n-propyltriisopropylammonium, di-n -Propyl diisopropylammonium, tri-n-propyl isopropyl Tetraalkylammonium such as pyrammonium, trimethylbutylammonium, trimethylpentylammonium, trimethylhexylammonium, trimethylheptylammonium, trimethyloctylammonium, trimethylnonylammonium, trimethyldecylammonium, trimethylundecylammonium, trimethyldodecylammonium; trimethylphenylammonium, tetra Aromatic substituted ammonium such as phenylammonium; pyrrolidinium compounds such as N, N-dimethylpyrrolidinium, N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium, N, N-diethylpyrrolidinium, N, N-tetramethylenepyrrolidinium N, N-dimethylpiperidinium, N-ethyl-N-methylpiperidinium, N, N-diethyl Piperidinium compounds such as peridinium, N, N-tetramethylenepiperidinium, N, N-pentamethylenepiperidinium, N, N-dimethylmorpholinium, N-ethyl-N-methylmorpholinium, N, N- Aliphatic cyclic ammoniums such as morpholinium compounds such as diethylmorpholinium; nitrogen-containing heterocyclic aromatics such as N-methylpyridinium, N-ethylpyridinium, Nn-propylpyridinium, N-isopropylpyridinium, Nn-butylpyridinium Group compounds and the like.
[0016]
Specific examples of the quaternized phosphonium include tetramethylphosphonium, triethylmethylphosphonium, tetraethylphosphonium and the like.
Specific examples of quaternized imidazolium include 1,3-dimethylimidazolium, 1,2,3-trimethylimidazolium, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium. 1,3-diethylimidazolium, 1,2-diethyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1,3-diethyl-2-methylimidazolium, 1,2-dimethyl-3-n-propylimidazolium, 1-n -Butyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-methyl-3-n-propyl-2,4-dimethylimidazolium, 1,2,3,4-tetramethylimidazolium, 1,2,3,4,5- Pentamethylimidazolium, 2-ethyl-1,3-dimethylimidazolium, 1,3-dimethyl-2-n-propylimidazolium, 1,3-dimethyl 2-n-pentylimidazolium, 1,3-dimethyl-2-n-heptylimidazolium, 1,3,4-trimethylimidazolium, 2-ethyl-1,3,4-trimethylimidazolium, 1,3- Dimethylbenzimidazolium, 1-phenyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-benzyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-phenyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium, 1-benzyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium, 2 -Phenyl-1,3-dimethylimidazolium, 2-benzyl-1,3-dimethylimidazolium, 1,3-dimethyl-2-n-undecylimidazolium, 1,3-dimethyl-2-n-heptadecyl Imidazolium and the like, further 2- (2'-hydroxy) ethyl-1,3-dimethylimidazolium, 1- (2'- Examples of groups having a hydroxyl group or an ether bond such as droxy) ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium, 2-ethoxymethyl-1,3-dimethylimidazolium, 1-ethoxymethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium be able to.
[0017]
Specific examples of the quaternized cyclic amidinium include 1,3-dimethylimidazolinium, 1,2,3-trimethylimidazolinium, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolinium, 1-ethyl-2,3- Dimethylimidazolinium, 1,3-diethylimidazolinium, 1,2-diethyl-3-methylimidazolinium, 1,3-diethyl-2-methylimidazolinium, 1,2-dimethyl-3-n- Propylimidazolinium, 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolinium, 1-methyl-3-n-propyl-2,4-dimethylimidazolinium, 1,2,3,4-tetramethylimidazolinium 2-ethyl-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium, 1,3-dimethyl-2-n-propylimidazolinium, 1,3-dimethyl-2-n-pentyl Dazolinium, 1,3-dimethyl-2-n-heptylimidazolinium, 1,3,4-trimethylimidazolinium, 2-ethyl-1,3,4-trimethylimidazolinium, 1-phenyl-3-methyl Imidazolinium, 1-benzyl-3-methylimidazolinium, 1-phenyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium, 1-benzyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium, 2-phenyl-1,3-dimethyl Imidazolinium compounds such as imidazolinium and 2-benzyl-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium; 1,3-dimethyltetrahydropyrimidinium, 1,3-diethyltetrahydropyrimidinium, 1-ethyl-3-methyl Tetrahydropyrimidinium, 1,2,3-trimethyltetrahydropyrimidinium, 1,2,3-tri Tiltetrahydropyrimidinium, 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethyltetrahydropyrimidinium, 2-ethyl-1,3-dimethyltetrahydropyrimidinium, 1,2-diethyl-3-methyltetrahydropyrimidinium, 1, Tetrahydropyrimidinium compounds such as 3-diethyl-2-methyltetrahydropyrimidinium; 5-methyl-1,5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] nonene-5, 8-methyl-1,8-diazabicyclo [5 4.0] undecene-7, 1,3-dimethyl-2-n-undecylimidazolinium, 1,3-dimethyl-2-n-heptadecylimidazolinium, and further 2- (2'-hydroxy ) Ethyl-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium, 1- (2′-hydroxy) ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium, Examples include 2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium, 1-ethoxymethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium and other groups having a hydroxyl group and an ether bond.
[0018]
Specific examples of ammonium include trimethylammonium, ethyldimethylammonium, diethylmethylammonium, triethylammonium, pyridinium, N-methylimidazolinium, 1,5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] nonenium-5, 1,8- And diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undecenium-7.
[0019]
Of these, organic oniums having a total carbon number of 4 to 12 are preferable, and tetraethylammonium, triethylmethylammonium, diethyldimethylammonium, ethyltrimethylammonium, tetramethylammonium, N, N-dimethylpyrrolidinium, N- Ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium, 1,3-dimethylimidazolium, 1,2,3-trimethylimidazolium, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium, 1 , 2,3,4-tetramethylimidazolium, 1,3-diethylimidazolium, 2-ethyl-1,3-dimethylimidazolium, 1,3-dimethyl-2-n-propylimidazolium, 1,3- Dimethyl-2-n-pentylimidazolium, 1,3-dimethyl Ru-2-n-heptylimidazolium, 1,3,4-trimethylimidazolium, 2-ethyl-1,3,4-trimethylimidazolium, 1,3-dimethylbenzimidazolium, 1-phenyl-3-methyl Imidazolium, 1-benzyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-phenyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium, 1-benzyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium, 2-phenyl-1,3-dimethylimidazolium, 2 -Benzyl-1,3-dimethylimidazolium, 1,3-dimethylimidazolinium, 1,2,3-trimethylimidazolinium, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolinium, 1-ethyl-2,3- Dimethylimidazolinium, 1,2,3,4-tetramethylimidazolinium, 1,3-diethylimidazolinium 2-ethyl-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium, 1,3-dimethyl-2-n-propylimidazolinium, 1,3-dimethyl-2-n-pentylimidazolinium, 1,3-dimethyl-2 N-heptylimidazolinium, 1,3,4-trimethylimidazolinium, 2-ethyl-1,3,4-trimethylimidazolinium, 1-phenyl-3-methylimidazolinium, 1-benzyl-3 -Methylimidazolinium, 1-phenyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium, 1-benzyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium, 2-phenyl-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium, 2-benzyl-1 , 3-Dimethylimidazolinium is preferably one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of 1-ethyl-2,3- Dimethylimidazolinium, 1,2,3,4-tetramethylimidazolinium.
[0020]
These organic onium salts can be used as they are, or can be used after being dissolved in a solvent inert to the reaction. Further, the quaternization reaction solution can be used as it is. For example, a reaction solution obtained by quaternizing 1-ethyl-2-methylimidazole with dimethyl carbonate can be used as it is.
Another one of the raw materials in the production method of the present invention is an aluminum compound or metallic aluminum which is an aluminum source. As aluminum compounds, aluminum trifluoride such as aluminum hydroxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum chloride, aluminum acetate, aluminum bromide, aluminum nitrate, aluminum sulfate, aluminum phosphate, potassium aluminum sulfate, aluminum silicate and alumina white are excluded. Anything can be used. Preferably aluminum hydroxide, aluminum oxide, metallic aluminum, aluminum chloride, particularly preferably aluminum hydroxide is used.
[0021]
Examples of aluminum hydroxide include sol-like aluminum hydroxide, dry aluminum hydroxide gel, crystalline aluminum hydroxide (diaspore, boehmite, pseudoboehmite, gibbsite, bayerite, nordstrandite), aluminum hydroxide oxide, etc. it can. Of these, gibbsite is particularly preferred.
As the aluminum oxide, for example, alumina, sol-like alumina, fused alumina, activated alumina, low soda alumina, and ultrafine aluminum oxide can be used.
[0022]
Still another raw material in the production method of the present invention is hydrogen fluoride or silicohydrofluoric acid which is a fluorine source. Hydrogen fluoride can be used as it is, or can be used after being dissolved in a solvent inert to the reaction. Preferably, it is used as anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen fluoride methanol solution, or hydrogen fluoride aqueous solution. The silicofluoric acid is preferably used as an aqueous solution.
[0023]
Examples of the solvent that can be used in the production method of the present invention include water; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, and n-butanol; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone, and methyl isobutyl ketone; , Ethers such as ethyl-n-propyl ether, ethyl-isopropyl ether, di-n-propyl ether, diisopropyl ether, n-propyl isopropyl ether, dimethoxyethane, methoxyethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran; acetonitrile, propio Nitriles such as nitriles; hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, xylene; ethyl acetate, Butyl, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl carbonate, ethyl, ethylene carbonate, esters such as propylene carbonate and the like. Among these, water, methanol or ethanol is preferable. These solvents may be used alone or in combination.
[0024]
If the amount of hydrogen fluoride used is too large relative to the aluminum of the aluminum source, excess fluorine will further bind to tetrafluoroaluminic acid, resulting in excessive fluorine such as pentafluoroaluminic acid and hexafluoroaluminic acid. As a result, a by-product that has been converted to oxygen tends to be produced, and the selectivity of the target tetrafluoroaluminate is lowered. Therefore, industrially, it is desirable to avoid a ratio exceeding 10 mol times, particularly a ratio exceeding 8 mol times, and usually 3 to 5 mol times, preferably about aluminum mol of aluminum. It is 3.5-4.5 mol times, Most preferably, it is 3.8-4.2 mol times. When the organic onium salt is a fluoride salt, it may be slightly less than the above, and is usually 2 to 4 mole times, preferably 2.5 to 3.5 mole times, and particularly preferably 2.8 to 3. 2 mole times.
[0025]
If the amount of silicohydrofluoric acid used is too large relative to the aluminum of the aluminum source, excess fluorine will further bind to tetrafluoroaluminic acid, and excessive amounts of pentafluoroaluminic acid, hexafluoroaluminic acid, etc. Byproducts that have progressed to fluorination are likely to be produced, and the selectivity of the target tetrafluoroaluminate is lowered. Therefore, industrially, it is desirable not to be a ratio exceeding 1.7 mol times, particularly a ratio exceeding 1.3 mol times relative to aluminum as an aluminum source, and usually 0.5 to 0.83 mol times, preferably 0.58 to 0.75 mol times, particularly preferably 0.63 to 0.7 mol times. When the organic onium salt is a fluoride salt, the amount may be slightly the same as described above, and is usually 0.33 to 0.67 mol times, preferably 0.42 to 0.58 mol times, particularly preferably 0.00. 47 to 0.53 mole times.
[0026]
In addition, hydrogen fluoride and silicohydrofluoric acid can be used in any ratio, and if the amount used is too much relative to aluminum as the aluminum source, excess fluorine will further bind to tetrafluoroaluminic acid. In addition, by-products such as pentafluoroaluminic acid and hexafluoroaluminic acid that are excessively fluorinated are likely to be produced, and the selectivity of the target tetrafluoroaluminate is lowered. Therefore, industrially, the amount used when x mol of hydrogen fluoride and y mol of silicohydrofluoric acid are y mol is such that x + y × 6 exceeds 10 mol times the aluminum of the aluminum source, It is desirable that the ratio does not exceed 8 mole times, usually 3 to 5 mole times, preferably 3.5 to 4.5 mole times, particularly preferably 3.8 to 4.2 mole times. Is the amount. When the organic onium salt is a fluoride salt, the above numerical values are 2 to 4 mol times, 2.5 to 3.5 mol times, and 2.8 to 3.2 mol times, respectively.
[0027]
The aluminum source may be used alone or in combination, and the amount used is usually 0.5 to 10 times, preferably 0.8 to 2 times, especially in terms of the molar ratio in terms of aluminum atom to the organic onium salt. The ratio is preferably 0.9 to 1.2 times, but if 0.9 to 1 times, it is more excellent in safety.
In the present invention, aluminum trifluoride can be used in combination with an aluminum compound or metal aluminum if desired. However, the combined use of a large amount of aluminum trifluoride is contrary to the spirit of the present invention in which aluminum trifluoride is replaced with another aluminum source and a fluorine source. Therefore, when aluminum trifluoride is used in combination, it should be used so that the aluminum content is 50% or less with respect to other aluminum sources. It is preferable to use in combination so that it is 25% or less, particularly 10% or less. In addition, it is preferable to use a trihydrate as aluminum trifluoride.
[0028]
The reaction method is, for example, a method in which an organic onium salt is added to hydrogen fluoride or silicohydrofluoric acid, and then an aluminum compound is added; hydrogen fluoride or silicohydrofluoric acid is added to the organic onium salt, and then an aluminum compound is added A method in which hydrogen fluoride or silicohydrofluoric acid and an organic onium salt are added simultaneously or alternately, and then an aluminum compound is added; an aluminum compound is added to hydrogen fluoride or silicohydrofluoric acid, and then an organic onium salt A method in which hydrogen fluoride or silicohydrofluoric acid is added to the aluminum compound, and then an organic onium salt is added; hydrogen fluoride or silicohydrofluoric acid and an aluminum compound are added simultaneously or alternately, and then Method of adding organic onium salt; adding aluminum compound to organic onium salt, Add hydrogen fluoride or silicohydrofluoric acid; add organic onium salt to aluminum compound, then add hydrogen fluoride or silicohydrofluoric acid; add organic onium salt and aluminum compound simultaneously or alternately Then, a method of adding hydrogen fluoride or silicohydrofluoric acid; a method of adding an organic onium salt and hydrogen fluoride or silicohydrofluoric acid and an aluminum compound simultaneously or alternately; and a combination of these methods. Of these, preferred is a method in which an aluminum compound is added to hydrogen fluoride or silicohydrofluoric acid, and then an organic onium salt is added; hydrogen fluoride or silicohydrofluoric acid is added to the aluminum compound, and then organic onium A method of adding a salt; a method of adding hydrogen fluoride or silicohydrofluoric acid and an aluminum compound simultaneously or alternately, and then adding an organic onium salt. In order to supply hydrogen fluoride, hydrosilicofluoric acid, aluminum compound and organic onium salt used in the reaction to the reactor, they may be dissolved or dispersed in a solvent, and the reactor is charged with the solvent in advance. You may add to this.
[0029]
It is preferable to use an acid-resistant reactor with polytetrafluoroethylene lining.
The reaction temperature is not limited, but is usually -20 to 150 ° C, preferably -10 to 50 ° C, more preferably 0 to 25 ° C. In the present invention, the reaction can be carried out in two steps. In that case, it is preferable that the subsequent reaction temperature is the same as or slightly higher than that of the first reaction.
The reaction pressure is not limited, but is usually carried out at normal pressure.
The reaction atmosphere is not particularly limited and may be an air atmosphere, but is preferably performed in an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon.
[0030]
When the organic onium tetrafluoroaluminate obtained by the present invention is used in an electrolytic capacitor, it is desired to have a high purity. Therefore, if necessary, the salt is purified to a desired purity by crystallization, solvent extraction or the like. Used.
Examples of the crystallization solvent include alcohols having 4 or less carbon atoms. The alcohol having 4 or less carbon atoms is methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, 2-butanol, t-butanol and a mixture thereof. By performing crystallization with these solvents, an organic onium tetrafluoroaluminate having a low impurity content can be obtained efficiently.
[0031]
The organic onium tetrafluoroaluminate obtained by the present invention is a useful compound used in the fields of surfactants, electrolytes for electrochemical devices such as batteries and capacitors, phase transfer catalysts, and antistatic agents. In particular, it is useful as an electrolyte for electrochemical devices such as electrolytic capacitors.
The electrolytic solution according to the present invention uses an organic onium tetrafluoroaluminate obtained by the above method as an electrolyte, and can contain an anionic component other than tetrafluoroaluminate ions. Specific examples of these include, for example, fluorine-containing inorganic ions, tetrafluoroborate ions, hexafluorophosphate ions, hexafluoroarsenate ions, hexafluoroantimonate ions, hexafluoroniobate ions, hexafluorotantalate ions, etc. Fluorine-containing inorganic ions: hydrogen phthalate ion, hydrogen maleate ion, salicylate ion, benzoate ion, adipate ion, etc .; benzenesulfonate ion, toluenesulfonate ion, dodecylbenzenesulfonate ion, trifluoromethane Sulfonic acid Sulfonic acid ions such as boron and perfluorobutane sulfonic acids; inorganic oxo acid ions such as boric acid ions and phosphate ions; bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide ions, bis (pentafluoroethanesulfonyl) imide ions, tris (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) Tetracoordinate boron such as methide ion, perfluoroalkylfluoroborate ion, perfluoroalkylfluorophosphate ion, borodicatecholate, borodiglycolate, borodisalicylate, borotetrakis (trifluoroacetate), bis (oxalato) borate An acid ion etc. can be mentioned. For example, when organic onium tetrafluoroaluminate is used in combination with hydrogen phthalate, hydrogen maleate, etc., it is preferable that tetrafluoroaluminate is the main component, and tetrafluoroalumine is used relative to the total weight of the salt. The acid salt is preferably 50% by weight or more, more preferably 60% by weight or more, still more preferably 70% by weight or more, and the higher the ratio, the better.
[0032]
In the electrolytic solution of the present invention, the concentration of the organic onium tetrafluoroaluminate is preferably 5 to 40% by weight, and more preferably 10 to 35% by weight. This is because the electrical conductivity is low when the concentration is too low, and when the concentration is too high, the viscosity of the electrolytic solution increases and precipitation of salt at low temperatures is likely to occur. Generally, the withstand voltage of the electrolytic solution for electrolytic capacitors tends to increase as the concentration decreases, so that the optimum concentration can be determined according to the desired rated voltage of the capacitor. However, the electrolytic solution of the present invention may be a concentrated solution containing 50% or more of a salt or a room temperature molten salt.
[0033]
The electrolytic solution of the present invention preferably contains 50% by weight or more of a solvent from the viewpoint of obtaining an electrolytic solution having further excellent electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and voltage resistance. Examples of the solvent include one or more selected from the group consisting of carbonate ester, carboxylate ester, phosphate ester, nitrile, amide, sulfone, alcohol, and water. Carbonate ester, carboxylate ester, phosphate ester, A solvent selected from nitrile, amide, sulfone and alcohol is preferable because it tends to exhibit stable characteristics over time when used in an electrolyte. When water is used as the solvent, it is preferably used as a part of the solvent in combination with other solvents.
[0034]
Specific examples of the solvent include, for example, a chain carbonate (for example, a chain carbonate such as dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, diphenyl carbonate, and methyl phenyl carbonate), a cyclic carbonate (for example, ethylene carbonate, Carbonates such as propylene carbonate, 2,3-dimethylethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, 2-vinylethylene carbonate and the like; aliphatic carboxylic acid esters (for example, methyl formate, methyl acetate, methyl propionate) , Ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, amyl acetate, etc.), aromatic carboxylic acid esters (eg, aromatic carboxylic acid esters such as methyl benzoate and ethyl benzoate), lactones (eg, γ-butyrolactone, γ- Carboxylic acid esthetics such as valerolactone, δ-valerolactone, etc.) Phosphate esters such as trimethyl phosphate, ethyl dimethyl phosphate, diethyl methyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate; nitriles such as acetonitrile, propionitrile, methoxypropionitrile, glutaronitrile, adiponitrile, 2-methylglutaronitrile Amides such as N-methylformamide, N-ethylformamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidinone; dimethylsulfone, ethylmethylsulfone, diethylsulfone, sulfolane, 3-methylsulfolane, Sulfones such as 2,4-dimethylsulfolane; alcohols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether; ethylene glycol dimethyl Ethers, ethers such as ethylene glycol diethyl ether, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 2,6-dimethyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran; dimethyl sulfoxide, methyl ethyl sulfoxide, diethyl sulfoxide, etc. Examples include sulfoxide; 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2 (1H) -pyrimidinone, 3-methyl-2-oxazolidinone, and the like. .
[0035]
In addition, from the viewpoint of obtaining an electrolytic solution that is more excellent in conductivity, it is preferable to use a non-aqueous solvent having a relative dielectric constant (ε, 25 ° C.) of 25 or more. A non-aqueous solvent having a flash point of 70 ° C. or higher is preferable.
From the viewpoint of obtaining an electrolytic solution that is more excellent in thermal stability, the solvent is a solvent having a boiling point of 250 ° C. or higher, a melting point of −60 to 40 ° C., and a dielectric constant (ε, 25 ° C.) of 25 or higher with respect to the total weight of the solvent. Thus, it is preferable to contain 25% by weight or more. Among them, those containing 40% by weight or more, particularly 50% by weight or more of such a solvent are preferable. Examples of such a solvent include sulfone, and sulfolane and 3-methylsulfolane are particularly preferable. By using such a solvent in combination with the electrolytic solution, it is possible to obtain an electrolytic capacitor with a low impedance and a high withstand voltage that guarantees an operation at an environmental temperature of 110 to 150 ° C. for 1000 hours or more.
[0036]
From the viewpoint of obtaining a lower impedance electrolytic capacitor, a solvent having a boiling point of 190 ° C. or higher, lower than 250 ° C., a melting point of −60 to 40 ° C., and a dielectric constant (ε, 25 ° C.) of 25 or higher is used. It is preferable to contain 25% by weight or more with respect to the total weight. Among them, those containing 40% by weight or more, particularly 50% by weight or more of such a solvent are preferable. Examples of such solvents include carbonic acid esters, carboxylic acid esters, phosphoric acid esters, nitriles, amides and alcohols, with γ-butyrolactone and ethylene glycol being particularly preferred. By using such a solvent in combination with the electrolytic solution, an electrolytic capacitor with extremely low impedance and high voltage can be obtained.
[0037]
From the viewpoint of thermal stability, a particularly preferable electrolyte is a sulfolane solvent, 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium tetrafluoroaluminate or 1,2,3,4-tetramethylimidazole. Examples of the electrolytic solution for electrolytic capacitors include 5 to 40% by weight of tetrafluoroaluminate of linium with respect to the total weight of the electrolytic solution. From the viewpoint of obtaining a low impedance electrolytic capacitor, the solvent is γ-butyrolactone and 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium salt tetrafluoroaluminate or 1,2,3,4 -The electrolytic solution for electrolytic capacitors which contains the tetrafluoroaluminate of tetramethyl imidazolinium 5 to 40weight% with respect to the total weight of electrolyte solution is mentioned. A solvent using sulfolane and γ-butyrolactone in combination is also preferred.
[0038]
The electrolyte solution of the present invention may contain various additives in addition to the above-described salt and solvent. The purpose of adding additives to the electrolyte is diverse, including improving electrical conductivity, improving thermal stability, suppressing electrode deterioration due to hydration and dissolution, suppressing gas generation, improving withstand voltage, improving wettability, etc. Can be mentioned. Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular in content of an additive, it is preferable that it is the range of 0.1-20 weight%, and it is more preferable that it is the range of 0.5-10 weight%.
[0039]
Examples of such additives include nitro compounds such as p-nitrophenol, m-nitroacetophenone and p-nitrobenzoic acid; dibutyl phosphate, monobutyl phosphate, dioctyl phosphate, monooctyl phosphonate phosphonate, phosphoric acid Phosphorus compounds such as boron compounds such as complex compounds of boric acid and polyhydric alcohols (ethylene glycol, glycerin, mannitol, polyvinyl alcohol, etc.); metal oxide fine particles such as silica, aluminosilicate; polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, etc. Examples include polyalkylene glycols and copolymers thereof, and surfactants such as silicone oil.
[0040]
The electrolytic solution of the present invention may be solidified by adding a polymer compound thereto and used as a so-called gelled electrolytic solution. Examples of the polymer used in such a gelled electrolyte include polyethylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethyl methacrylate and the like.
[0041]
In the electrolytic solution of the present invention, when a non-aqueous solvent is used as the solvent of the electrolytic solution, the life characteristics of the capacitor using such an electrolytic solution are further stabilized by controlling the water content. In general, if a large amount of water is contained in the electrolytic solution of an electrolytic capacitor using a non-aqueous solvent, the anode and cathode aluminum will undergo hydration deterioration and gas will be generated at the same time during long-term use. It has been known. On the other hand, it is also known that when there is no moisture, there is a tendency that the chemical conversion property when repairing the anodic oxide film tends to be inferior.
[0042]
However, since conventional electrolytes and capacitors have been used in a low voltage range of a rated voltage of 35 V or less, the presence of about 3% by weight of water has little effect on the life characteristics of the capacitor. It was. However, the capacitor using the electrolytic solution of the present invention can be used in a high voltage range up to a rated voltage of 100 V class and satisfies the requirement for high heat resistance. A large impact. In the electrolytic solution of the present invention, when a non-aqueous solvent is used, the water concentration in the electrolytic solution is preferably 1% by weight or less, and preferably 0.01 to 1 in view of the above chemical conversion properties. % By weight, particularly preferably 0.01 to 0.1% by weight.
[0043]
The present invention also provides an electrolytic capacitor using the electrolytic solution according to the present invention. Examples of electrolytic capacitors include aluminum electrolytic capacitors, tantalum electrolytic capacitors, niobium electrolytic capacitors, and the like.
In the case of an aluminum electrolytic capacitor, for example, a conventional element formed by winding an anode foil and a cathode foil through separator paper is used. For the anode foil, a regular aluminum foil with a purity of 99.9% is subjected to surface expansion treatment in an acidic solution by chemical or electrochemical etching, and then formed in an aqueous solution of ammonium adipate, boric acid, phosphoric acid or the like. What is necessary is just to use what processed and formed the aluminum oxide film layer in the surface. The cathode foil may be a foil obtained by etching a surface-treated aluminum foil having a purity of 99.9%. The cathode foil may be one obtained by forming a titanium nitride thin film on the surface of an etched aluminum foil (for example, described in JP-A-9-186054).
[0044]
The separator of the capacitor element configured as described above is impregnated with the electrolytic solution according to the present invention. Aluminum is housed in an outer case made of bottomed cylindrical aluminum, a butyl rubber sealing body is inserted into the opening end of the outer case, and the end of the outer case is drawn to seal the electrolytic capacitor. An electrolytic capacitor can be obtained. It is more preferable to coat the surface of the sealing body with a resin such as Teflon (R) or to attach a plate such as bakelite, since the permeability of the solvent vapor is reduced.
[0045]
For the separator, paper such as manila paper or kraft paper is usually used, but non-woven fabrics such as glass fiber, polypropylene, and polyethylene can also be used. The butyl rubber used for the sealing body includes raw rubber made of a copolymer of isobutylene and isoprene, reinforcing agent (carbon black, etc.), extender (clay, talc, calcium carbonate, etc.), processing aid (stearic acid, zinc oxide, etc.) ), A rubber elastic body rolled and molded after adding a vulcanizing agent and kneading can be used. Vulcanizing agents include alkylphenol formalin resins; peroxides (dicumyl peroxide, 1,1-di- (t-butylperoxy) -3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5- Di- (t-butylperoxy) hexane etc.); quinoids (p-quinone dioxime, p, p'-dibenzoylquinone dioxime etc.); sulfur etc. can be used.
[0046]
The electrolytic capacitor of the present invention may have a hermetic seal structure or a structure sealed in a resin case (for example, described in JP-A-8-148384). In the case of an aluminum electrolytic capacitor with a rubber seal, gas permeates through rubber to some extent, so that the solvent evaporates from the inside of the capacitor to the atmosphere in a high temperature environment, and from the atmosphere to the inside of the capacitor in a high temperature and high humidity environment. Moisture is mixed. Under these harsh environments, capacitors cause undesirable characteristic changes such as a decrease in capacitance. On the other hand, a capacitor having a hermetic seal structure or a structure sealed in a resin case shows a stable characteristic even in the above-mentioned severe environment because the amount of gas permeation is extremely small.
[0047]
【Example】
The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples. The materials, amounts used, ratios, operations, and the like shown in the following examples can be appropriately changed without departing from the gist of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific examples shown below.
[0048]
Example 1
Into a PFA round bottom flask was charged 17.06 g (0.400 mol) of hydrofluoric acid (46.9 wt% aqueous solution), and aluminum hydroxide (purity 95.2 wt%) 8 was added while the reactor was bathed in ice. A suspension of .19 g (0.100 mol) in 23.40 g of water was added dropwise over 15 minutes. After further stirring for 30 minutes at room temperature, 59.99 g (0.105 mol) of 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium methyl carbonate in methanol-dimethyl carbonate solution (1.78 mol / kg) was added dropwise. The mixture was further stirred at 60 ° C. for 1 hour. The reaction solution was filtered, the solid content was filtered off, the solvent was distilled off, and crystallization from n-butanol gave white crystals of 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium tetrafluoroaluminate. It was. The yield was 22.0 g, and the total yield from the preparation was 96%.
[0049]
(Preparation of electrolyte)
The tetrafluoroaluminate of 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium was dissolved in γ-butyrolactone to prepare a 25% concentration electrolytic solution. The electrical conductivity was 24.3 mS / cm at 25 ° C. Similarly, a 40% concentration electrolytic solution was prepared by dissolving in γ-butyrolactone. The electric conductivity of this electrolytic solution at 25 ° C. was 29.0 mS / cm. The amount of water contained in the electrolytic solution was 1,600 ppm.
[0050]
(Preparation of aluminum electrolytic capacitors)
Using this 40% 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium tetrafluoroaluminate γ-butyrolactone solution, a CE04 type aluminum electrolytic capacitor having a rated voltage of 100 V and a case size of 10φ × 20 L was produced. Capacitor elements are anodized on an aluminum foil that has been etched to form an anode with a dielectric coating made of aluminum oxide on the surface, the aluminum foil that has been etched on the cathode as a cathode, and Manila paper as a separator. What was done was used. The capacitor element was dried at 125 ° C. and then impregnated with an electrolyte, and further crimped together with a cylindrical aluminum case and a sealing material made of butyl rubber. Finally, the anodic oxide film was repaired by aging treatment at a high temperature and high pressure above the usage conditions to produce an aluminum electrolytic capacitor.
This capacitor had an electrostatic capacity of 55 μF at 120 Hz and an ESR (equivalent series resistance) at 100 kHz of 0.04Ω.
[0051]
Example 2
A PFA round bottom flask was charged with 12.79 g (0.300 mol) of hydrofluoric acid (46.9 wt% aqueous solution), and aluminum hydroxide (purity 95.2 wt%) 8 while the reactor was bathed in an ice bath. A suspension of .60 g (0.105 mol) in 24.60 g of water was added dropwise over 15 minutes. After further stirring for 30 minutes at room temperature, 23.80 g (0.100 mol) of a methanol solution (4.19 mol / kg) of a fluoride salt of 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium was added dropwise, and another 60 Stir at 1 ° C. for 1 hour. The reaction solution was filtered, the solid content was filtered off, the solvent was distilled off, and crystallization from n-butanol gave white crystals of 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium tetrafluoroaluminate. It was. The yield was 16.8 g, and the total yield from the preparation was 73%.
[0052]
Example 3
In a PFA round bottom flask, 17.06 g (0.400 mol) of hydrofluoric acid (46.9 wt% aqueous solution) was charged, and 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium was added while the reactor was bathed in an ice bath. 56.20 g (0.100 mol) of methyl carbonate in methanol-dimethyl carbonate (1.78 mol / kg) was added dropwise over 15 minutes, and then 8.19 g of aluminum hydroxide (purity 95.2% by weight) ( A suspension of 0.100 mol) in 23.40 g of water was added dropwise over 15 minutes. After stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes, the mixture was further stirred at 60 ° C. for 1 hour. The reaction solution was filtered, the solid content was filtered off, the solvent was distilled off, and crystallization from n-butanol gave white crystals of 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium tetrafluoroaluminate. It was. The yield was 21.5 g, and the total yield from the preparation was 93%.
[0053]
Example 4
A PFA round bottom flask was charged with 29.60 g (0.05 mol) of hydrosilicofluoric acid (24.3% by weight aqueous solution), and 8.19 g (0.100) of aluminum hydroxide (purity 95.2% by weight) at room temperature. Mol) was suspended in 23.40 g of water over 15 minutes. After the reaction solution was stirred at 95 ° C. for 10 minutes, 23.80 g (0.100 mol) of a methanol solution (4.19 mol / kg) of 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium fluoride salt was added at room temperature. The solution was added dropwise and further stirred at 60 ° C. for 1 hour. The reaction solution was filtered, the solid content was filtered off, the solvent was distilled off, and crystallization from n-butanol gave white crystals of 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium tetrafluoroaluminate. It was. The yield was 18.2 g, and the total yield from the charge was 79%.
[0054]
Comparative Example 1
In a glass round bottom flask, 56.5 g (100 mmol) of methyl carbonate solution (1.77 mol / kg) of methyl carbonate of 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium and 3.70 g of ammonium fluoride ( 100 mmol) and stirred at 50 ° C. for 5 hours. The reaction solution was filtered, and 13.80 (100 mmol) of aluminum trifluoride trihydrate was added to the filtrate and stirred at 50 ° C. for 3 hours. The reaction solution gelled.
[0055]
Comparative Example 2
A PFA round bottom flask was charged with 30 g (1500 mmol) of hydrogen fluoride, and 28.3 g of a methanol-dimethyl carbonate solution (1.77 mol / kg) of methyl carbonate of 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium ( 50 mmol) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred as it was for 30 minutes, and 6.90 (50 mmol) of aluminum trifluoride trihydrate was further added, followed by stirring for 3 hours. After the reaction solution was completely dissolved, a solid precipitated and the reaction solution and the solid were analyzed. However, 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium tetrafluoroaluminate was not present.
[0056]
Example 5
A PFA round bottom flask was charged with 5.10 g (0.05 mol) of aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), and 17.06 g (0.400 mol) of hydrofluoric acid (46.9 wt% aqueous solution) was added at room temperature. It was added dropwise over 20 minutes. After stirring at 90 ° C. for 60 minutes, 59.99 g of a methanol-dimethyl carbonate solution of methyl carbonate of 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium (1.78 mol / kg) was added while the reactor was bathed in ice. (0.105 mol) was added dropwise, and the mixture was further stirred at 60 ° C. for 1 hour. The reaction solution was filtered, the solid content was filtered off, the solvent was distilled off, and crystallization from n-butanol gave white crystals of 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium tetrafluoroaluminate. It was. The yield was 20.0 g, and the total yield from the preparation was 87%.
[0057]
Example 6
A PFA round bottom flask was charged with 8.53 g (0.200 mol) of hydrofluoric acid (46.9 wt% aqueous solution) and 11.70 g of water, and 1.35 g (0 .05 mol) was divided into small pieces and added in small portions over 15 minutes. After further stirring for 2 hours at room temperature, 29.49 g (0.0525 mol) of methanol-dimethyl carbonate solution (1.78 mol / kg) of methyl carbonate of 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium was added dropwise. The mixture was further stirred at 60 ° C. for 1 hour. The reaction solution was filtered, the solid content was filtered off, the solvent was distilled off, and crystallization from n-butanol gave white crystals of 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolinium tetrafluoroaluminate. It was. The yield was 10.4 g, and the total yield from the preparation was 90%.
[0058]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the tetrafluoroaluminate of organic onium useful as various chemicals including the electrolyte used for electrochemical elements, such as a battery and an electrolytic capacitor, can be synthesize | combined with a sufficient yield.
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (9)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003056995A JP4360106B2 (en) | 2002-11-06 | 2003-03-04 | Method for producing organic onium tetrafluoroaluminate, electrolytic solution for electrolytic capacitor, and electrolytic capacitor using the same |
| PCT/JP2003/014014 WO2004040605A1 (en) | 2002-10-31 | 2003-10-31 | Electrolyte for electrolytic capacitor, electrolytic capacitor and process for producing tetrafluoroaluminate salt of organic onium |
| EP11151369A EP2323145A1 (en) | 2002-10-31 | 2003-10-31 | Electrolytic solution for electrolytic capacitor and electrolytic capacitor as well as method for preparing an organic onium tetrafluoroaluminate |
| AU2003280692A AU2003280692A1 (en) | 2002-10-31 | 2003-10-31 | Electrolyte for electrolytic capacitor, electrolytic capacitor and process for producing tetrafluoroaluminate salt of organic onium |
| US10/533,234 US7227738B2 (en) | 2002-10-31 | 2003-10-31 | Electrolyte for electrolytic capacitor, electrolytic capacitor and process for producing tetrafluoroaluminate salt of organic onium |
| EP03770097A EP1564768A4 (en) | 2002-10-31 | 2003-10-31 | ELECTROLYTE FOR ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR, ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR, AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ORGANIC ONIUM TETRAFLUOROALUMINATE |
| EP11151370A EP2323144A1 (en) | 2002-10-31 | 2003-10-31 | Electrolytic capacitor |
| US11/733,936 US7295424B2 (en) | 2002-10-31 | 2007-04-11 | Electrolyte for electrolytic capacitor, electrolytic capacitor and process for producing tetrafluoroaluminate salt of organic onium |
| US11/733,838 US7397651B2 (en) | 2002-10-31 | 2007-04-11 | Electrolyte for electrolytic capacitor, electrolytic capacitor and process for producing tetrafluoroaluminate salt of organic onium |
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| JP2002322707 | 2002-11-06 | ||
| JP2003056995A JP4360106B2 (en) | 2002-11-06 | 2003-03-04 | Method for producing organic onium tetrafluoroaluminate, electrolytic solution for electrolytic capacitor, and electrolytic capacitor using the same |
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| JP2006165001A (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2006-06-22 | Nichicon Corp | Aluminum electrolytic capacitor |
| JP4753356B2 (en) * | 2005-06-01 | 2011-08-24 | ニチコン株式会社 | Electrolytic capacitor driving electrolyte and electrolytic capacitor using the same |
| JP4993258B2 (en) * | 2006-03-16 | 2012-08-08 | 日本製箔株式会社 | Aluminum foil for current collector of lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery using the same |
| CN101935285B (en) * | 2009-07-02 | 2013-11-06 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Hexafluoroaluminate of organic onium, and preparation method and application thereof |
| KR101298125B1 (en) | 2012-01-26 | 2013-08-21 | (주) 에코솔루텍 | Manufacture method of high functional cohesive agent for water-treatment |
| CN115821350A (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-03-21 | 江苏理工学院 | Preparation method for forming porous anodic aluminum oxide film on surface of waste pop can aluminum foil |
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