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JP4362099B2 - Jetty to control drifting sand - Google Patents
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JP4362099B2 - Jetty to control drifting sand - Google Patents

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JP4362099B2
JP4362099B2 JP2004309952A JP2004309952A JP4362099B2 JP 4362099 B2 JP4362099 B2 JP 4362099B2 JP 2004309952 A JP2004309952 A JP 2004309952A JP 2004309952 A JP2004309952 A JP 2004309952A JP 4362099 B2 JP4362099 B2 JP 4362099B2
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jetty
sand
hole
coastal
block
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JP2006118322A (en
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正 福本
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Nishimatsu Construction Co Ltd
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Nishimatsu Construction Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は、沿岸流に起因する海岸侵食によって生じる漂砂を制御する突堤に関する。   The present invention relates to a jetty for controlling sand drift caused by coastal erosion caused by a coastal current.

沿岸域に存在する離岸流や沿岸流によって海底の砂が移動し、海岸線が侵食されている。海岸侵食の原因は、砂を供給する河川の上流にダムを築造することによって陸域からの供給砂が減少していることだけではない。総漂砂量は、その海岸内において保存されるものであるが、港湾や防波堤などの構造物の築造によっても流れが変化し、侵食を助長する場合がある。   The seabed sand is moved by rip currents and coastal currents existing in the coastal area, and the coastline is eroded. Coastal erosion is not only due to the decrease in sand supply from the land by building a dam upstream of the river supplying the sand. The total amount of sand drift is preserved within the coast, but the flow may change due to the construction of structures such as harbors and breakwaters, which may promote erosion.

海岸から沖側へ向かう漂砂の制御については、特に高波が発生する海岸では、離岸堤、あるいは人工リーフ等を設置し、岸に押し寄せる波を静穏にすることによって沖側への砂の流出を防止している。
一例をあげると、図7及び図8に示すように、コンクリートブロック製の10t〜30tの大型消波ブロックを複数並べて人工リーフ(潜堤)を形成し、この潜堤によって岸側を静穏な海域として海洋レクレーションに利用することがおこなわれており、箱型形状の側面及び底面が全面開放され、上面に複数の開口を設けた透過型中空消波ブロックをマウンド上に設置した人工リーフが特許文献3(特許第2847399号公報)に提案され、実用化されている。
With regard to the control of sand drift from the coast to the offshore side, especially on the coast where high waves are generated, a breakwater or an artificial reef is installed, and the waves flowing toward the shore are calmed so that the sand flows to the offshore side. It is preventing.
As an example, as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, an artificial reef (submerged dike) is formed by arranging a plurality of large wave-dissipating blocks of 10 to 30 ton made of concrete blocks, and the seaside is calm by the submerged dike. An artificial leaf with a transmission-type hollow wave-dissipating block with a plurality of openings on the top and a plurality of openings on the mound is installed on the mound. 3 (Japanese Patent No. 2847399) and put to practical use.

人工リーフや離岸提の設置によって、構造物の背後にはトンボロ(陸繋砂洲)のような堆積地形が形成される。しかし、構造物を越えた波は構造物背後の水位上昇を生じさせるため、この水面の高低差によって、構造物背後では沿岸流が、構造物と構造物の間では、沖向きの離岸流が生じてしまい、沿岸流による構造物背後の局所的な洗掘、また、離岸流による構造物と構造物の間の洗掘が引き起こされる。   With the installation of artificial reefs and offshore lanterns, a sedimentary landform such as a dragonfly (land-connected sand bar) is formed behind the structure. However, since waves over the structure cause a rise in the water level behind the structure, this difference in water level causes coastal currents behind the structure and offshore currents between the structures. This causes local scouring behind the structure due to coastal currents and scouring between structures due to offshore currents.

離岸流による海底の洗掘、侵食を防止し得るようにしたものが、例えば特許文献1(特開平2−88810号公報)、特許文献2(特開平9−125336号公報)に開示されており、侵食防止マットを海底に敷設したり、曲折板体を汀線に平行に海底に固定することが提案されている。   For example, Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-88810) and Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-125336) disclose what can prevent the scouring and erosion of the seabed due to the rip current. In addition, it has been proposed to lay an erosion prevention mat on the seabed or to fix a bent plate to the seabed parallel to the shoreline.

一方、沿岸流による漂砂を制御する方策として自然界に見られる岬と岬の間に挟まれた小さな砂浜が安定であることから、人工の岬(突堤)を形成するヘッドランド工法がある。
この工法は、自然の法則に逆らわないで海岸波浪のエネルギーを消散させ、漂砂量を制御して海浜を安定化させるものであり、養浜工と併用すれば、ヘッドランドにより養浜砂の流失が制御でき、効率的な自然海浜の造成が可能となる。概略を示すと図5に示すように、海岸線に直角にT型、またはL型の突堤を複数海岸に沿って構築するものであり、設置後には図6に示すように漂砂が堆積し、安定した海浜が得られる。
特開平2−88810号公報 特開平9−125336号公報 特許第2847399号公報 特開2003−342930号公報
On the other hand, there is a headland method that forms an artificial cape (jetty) because a small sand beach sandwiched between capes found in nature is stable as a measure to control drifting sand caused by coastal currents.
This method stabilizes the beach by dissipating the energy of coastal waves without controlling the laws of nature, and controlling the amount of sand drift. It can be controlled and an efficient natural beach can be created. In summary, as shown in Fig. 5, T-type or L-type jetty is constructed along the coast at right angles to the coastline. After installation, drift sand accumulates as shown in Fig. 6 and stable. The seaside beach is obtained.
JP-A-2-88810 JP-A-9-125336 Japanese Patent No. 2847399 JP 2003-342930 A

沿岸流による漂砂を制御するため海岸に突堤を構築すると、漂砂は突堤の上手側に堆積するが、突堤自体は、図4に示すように、捨石とその前面と周囲が突起を有する消波ブロックの突起同士を噛み合わせて積み上げたものから構成されているため、透過性がほとんどなく、図6に示すように、突堤の上手側には砂が堆積されるが、下手側は流れの剥離や、上手側からの砂の供給が少なくなって洗掘され、海岸線はノコ歯状になってしまう。   When a jetty is constructed on the coast to control drifting sand due to coastal flow, the drifting sand accumulates on the upper side of the jetty. As shown in FIG. 6, sand is deposited on the upper side of the jetty, but the lower side has flow separation and The sand supply from the upper side is reduced and scoured, and the coastline becomes sawtooth.

下手側の洗掘による侵食が著しい場合は、構造物底部の砂が吸い出されて安定性が損なわれ、沈下を引き起こすことさえある。
そこで、本発明は、突堤に透過性をもたせ、漂砂を制御する突堤としての機能を維持しつつ構造物の下手側にも砂が供給されるようにし、更に、下手側の洗掘を防止して構造物の安定性を得るものである。
When erosion due to poor scouring is significant, the sand at the bottom of the structure is sucked out, impairing stability and even causing settlement.
Therefore, the present invention provides permeability to the jetty so that sand is supplied also to the lower side of the structure while maintaining the function as a jetty for controlling drifting sand, and further prevents scouring on the lower side. Thus, the stability of the structure is obtained.

貫通口が形成してあるブロックの貫通口を岸に対して平行に設置し、沿岸流が突堤を通過可能とすることによって突堤の下手側にも漂砂を供給して漂砂を制御するものである。
また、沖側に向かってブロックの天端高さを階段状に低くすることによって、突堤の沖側において越流させ、これによっても漂砂を下手側に供給するものである。
By installing the through-hole of the block where the through-hole is formed parallel to the shore and allowing the coastal flow to pass through the jetty, the drifting sand is also supplied to the lower side of the jetty to control the sand drift. .
In addition, the height of the top of the block is lowered stepwise toward the offshore side, so that it overflows on the offshore side of the jetty and this also supplies sand drift to the lower side.

沿岸流による漂砂は、突堤によって流れが阻止されて上手側に堆積するが、岸に平行な貫通口を通じて下手側にも砂が供給されるので、従来、侵食されるだけであった下手側にも漂砂が堆積し、漂砂の堆積で形成される海岸線のノコ歯の形状を緩やかなものにすることができ、比較的滑らかな海岸線の形状とすることができる。   Drifting sand caused by coastal currents is blocked by the jetty and accumulates on the upper side, but sand is also supplied to the lower side through a through-hole parallel to the shore. In addition, drifting sand accumulates, the shape of the saw-tooth of the coastline formed by the sedimentation of drifting sand can be made gentle, and the shape of the coastline can be made relatively smooth.

また、突堤の先端側のブロックの天端を低くすることによって、越流を起こさせ、この越流によっても漂砂を突堤の下手側に供給されるようにし、下手側の漂砂の堆積量を増大させている。
下手側に漂砂が供給されることによって下手側の洗掘をほぼなくすることができ、構造物の沈下を防止することができ、安定した構造物となる。
また、貫通口を設けたことによりブロックの重量が軽減され、取り扱いが容易であり、また、単位面積あたりの荷重が軽減されので、簡易な基礎とすることができる。
In addition, by lowering the top of the block on the tip side of the jetty, overflowing is caused, and by this overflow, sand drift is supplied to the lower side of the jetty, increasing the amount of sediment on the lower side. I am letting.
By supplying drift sand to the lower side, scouring on the lower side can be almost eliminated, and the settlement of the structure can be prevented, resulting in a stable structure.
In addition, the weight of the block is reduced by providing the through hole, the handling is easy, and the load per unit area is reduced, so that a simple foundation can be obtained.

実施例1
図1に示すように、海底に砕石等を積み上げ、岸側においてはその上に透過性を有しない表面ブロック2を設置する。沖側には、平面で4m角で、厚さが1.5mの箱型ブロック11の横方向に貫通口10を形成したものを一段または複数段に積み上げて突堤1を構築する。
貫通口10の形状は、任意であり、矩形もしくは円形または楕円などである。図3に示すように貫通口10は複数としてもよい。
Example 1
As shown in FIG. 1, crushed stones and the like are piled up on the seabed, and on the shore side, a surface block 2 having no permeability is installed thereon. On the offshore side, a jetty 1 is constructed by stacking one or a plurality of stages in which a through-hole 10 is formed in a lateral direction of a box-shaped block 11 having a 4 m square plane and a thickness of 1.5 m.
The shape of the through-hole 10 is arbitrary and is rectangular, circular, or oval. As shown in FIG. 3, the through-hole 10 may be plural.

また、箱型ブロック11を相互に連結するために上下、または、前後にキーとキー溝(図示しない)が設けてあり、波浪による移動を防止している。突堤1の先端及び両脇には、適宜の形状の消波ブロック4を積み上げる。   In addition, a key and a keyway (not shown) are provided on the top and bottom or front and back to connect the box-shaped blocks 11 to each other to prevent movement due to waves. Wave extinguishing blocks 4 having an appropriate shape are stacked on the tip and both sides of the jetty 1.

突堤1の下部は、不透過性であるので、沿岸流による漂砂は突堤1の上手側に堆積を始める。砂の堆積量が一定以上になると、突堤の上部に位置する箱型ブロック11の貫通口10を通って漂砂が突堤の下手側にも砂が供給されて堆積するので、下手側の洗掘がほぼなくなり、突堤の沈下が防止される。   Since the lower part of the jetty 1 is impervious, drifting sand due to the coastal current begins to accumulate on the upper side of the jetty 1. When the amount of accumulated sand exceeds a certain level, the drifting sand is supplied to the lower side of the jetty through the through-hole 10 of the box-shaped block 11 located at the upper part of the jetty, so that the lower side scours. Almost disappears and the jetty subsidence is prevented.

実施例2
図2に示すように、突堤1の先端側にいくにしたがって、貫通口10を有する箱型ブロック11の天端を階段状に低くして越流部を設けたものである。先端側を低くすることによって越流を起こさせ、越流に乗って漂砂が下手側に供給されるようにしたものである。
Example 2
As shown in FIG. 2, the top end of the box-shaped block 11 having the through-hole 10 is lowered stepwise as it goes to the tip side of the jetty 1 to provide an overflow section. The overflow is caused by lowering the tip side, and the drifting sand is supplied to the lower side on the overflow.

越流部は、突堤の先端だけでなく中間部の適所に設けることも可能である。越流部は、階段状だけに限定されるものでなく、直立壁や斜壁、曲線状でもよく、また、複数の越流部を設けることが可能である。この場合は、貫通口を設けなくても越流部から漂砂が下手側に供給される。   The overflow section can be provided not only at the tip of the jetty but also at an appropriate position in the middle. The overflow portion is not limited to a step shape, and may be an upright wall, a slant wall, or a curved shape, and a plurality of overflow portions can be provided. In this case, sand drift is supplied to the lower side from the overflow section without providing a through hole.

本発明の漂砂制御突堤は、貫通口を岸に対して平行な方向に向けて設置してあるので、沿岸流が突堤を通過可能であり、突堤の上手側に堆積した漂砂が一定量を超えると貫通口を通じて下手側にも供給されて堆積を始めるので、下手側の洗掘が解消でき、滑らかな海岸線とすると共に、突堤の沈下を防止することができる。   Since the drift sand control jetty of the present invention is installed with the through-hole oriented in a direction parallel to the shore, the coastal flow can pass through the jetty, and the sand drift accumulated on the upper side of the jetty exceeds a certain amount. Since it is also supplied to the inferior side through the through-hole and starts to accumulate, scouring on the inferior side can be eliminated, making the coastline smooth and preventing the jetty from sinking.

また、突堤の上部に設置したブロックの天端高さを沖側に向かって低くして越流部を設けてあるので、越流によって漂砂を下手側に供給することができる。
貫通口を設けたことによりブロックの重量が軽減され、取り扱いが容易であり、また、単位面積あたりの荷重が軽減されるので、簡易な基礎とすることができる。
Moreover, since the top height of the block installed in the upper part of the jetty is lowered toward the offshore side and the overflow section is provided, sand drift can be supplied to the lower side by overflow.
By providing the through hole, the weight of the block is reduced, the handling is easy, and the load per unit area is reduced, so that a simple basis can be obtained.

ブロックを積み上げて一体化することができる構造なので、地球温暖化などの原因で海水位が上昇した場合でも、ブロックの積み増しによって容易に対応することが可能である。
更に、貫通口は生物の生息空間としても利用される可能性があり、魚類、甲殻類のための魚礁として利用することができる。
Since the structure allows the blocks to be stacked and integrated, even when the sea level rises due to global warming or the like, it is possible to easily cope with the increase in the number of blocks.
Furthermore, the through hole may be used as a living space for living things, and can be used as a fish reef for fish and crustaceans.

本発明の実施例1の断面図。Sectional drawing of Example 1 of this invention. 本発明の実施例2の断面図Sectional drawing of Example 2 of this invention 箱型ブロックの貫通口を示す断面図。Sectional drawing which shows the through-hole of a box-type block. 従来の突堤の断面図。Sectional drawing of the conventional jetty. ヘッドランドの原理の説明図。Explanatory drawing of the principle of the headland. ヘッドランドによる漂砂の堆積状態の説明図。Explanatory drawing of the accumulation state of the drift sand by a headland. 中空ブロックを使用した潜堤の断面図。Sectional drawing of a submerged dike using a hollow block. 潜堤の配置状態を示す平面図。The top view which shows the arrangement | positioning state of a submerged dike.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 突堤
10 貫通口
11 箱型ブロック
2 表面ブロック
1 Jetty 10 Through-hole 11 Box-type block 2 Surface block

Claims (3)

突堤の上部に貫通口が形成してあるブロックの貫通口を岸に対して平行に設置して沿岸流が突堤を通過可能としてあり、下部は海水が不透過としてある漂砂を制御する突堤。 A jetty that controls the drifting sand where the coastal flow is allowed to pass through the jetty and the lower part of the block has a through-hole in the upper part of the jetty that is parallel to the shore, and the lower part is seawater impervious. 請求項1において、沖側に向かって貫通口が形成してあるブロックの天端高さを階段状に低くして沿岸流の越流部を設けた漂砂を制御する突堤。 The jetty according to claim 1, wherein the height of the top end of the block in which the through hole is formed toward the offshore side is lowered stepwise to control the sand drift provided with the overflow portion of the coastal flow. 請求項1において、突堤の中間部の天端高を低くして沿岸流の越流部を設けた漂砂を制御する突堤。 The jetty according to claim 1, wherein the height of the top end of the middle portion of the jetty is lowered to control the sand drift provided with the overflow portion of the coastal flow.
JP2004309952A 2004-10-25 2004-10-25 Jetty to control drifting sand Expired - Fee Related JP4362099B2 (en)

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