JP4377631B2 - Transflective liquid crystal display device and electronic apparatus including the same - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a transflective liquid crystal display device capable of performing both reflective display using external light reflection and transmissive display using a backlight, and more specifically, on a reflective part and a transmissive part. The present invention relates to a structure suitable for use in a dual gap type transflective liquid crystal display device in which the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is different and an electronic apparatus including the same.

  In the field of display devices, active matrix display devices that can obtain high display quality are widely used. In this display device, a switching element is provided for each of a large number of pixel electrodes, and characteristics such as enlargement and high definition can be easily obtained by reliable switching for each pixel electrode. ing.

In recent years, reduction of power consumption has been strongly demanded, and it has been demanded to increase the brightness of display by making the pixel area as large as possible. For this reason, a structure in which a thick insulating film is formed on the entire surface of the active matrix substrate and a reflective pixel electrode is formed on the insulating film has been put into practical use. In such a structure in which the pixel electrode is placed on the insulating film, an electrical short circuit does not occur between the scanning line, the signal line, and the like arranged on the lower layer of the insulating film and the pixel electrode arranged on the upper layer. Since the configuration can be adopted, the pixel electrode can be formed in a wide area so as to overlap with these wirings. As a result, almost all pixel regions including switching elements such as thin film transistors (hereinafter abbreviated as TFTs), regions where scanning lines and signal lines are formed can be used as pixel regions. A bright display can be obtained by increasing the rate.
In addition, since the liquid crystal display mode using the reflective pixel electrode alone cannot be used in a dark place, the liquid crystal display device is provided with a backlight so that the reflective liquid crystal display device can be partially transmissively displayed. Transflective liquid crystal display devices are also widely used. (See Patent Documents 1 and 2)
Japanese Patent Application No. 2000-171794 Japanese Patent No. 3235102

FIG. 14 shows a conventional example of this type of transflective liquid crystal display device (see Patent Document 1). In the liquid crystal display device of this example, a thin film transistor 111 is formed in a display region on a transparent substrate 110. Are aligned, and the thin film transistor 111 is covered with an insulating film 112, and a light-reflective pixel electrode 113 made of an aluminum electrode film is formed at each pixel formation position on the insulating film 112. The surface forming portion is a reflecting portion. In addition, a recess 116 is formed in the insulating film 112 below the pixel electrodes 113, and a transparent gate insulating film 118, a transparent drain electrode 119, and so on are located at the bottom of the recess 116 in order from the lower side. The portion where the drain electrode 119 is formed in the recess 116 is a transmission portion a. Further, an alignment film 122 is formed so as to cover the insulating film 112, the pixel electrode 113, and the recess 116.
On the other hand, a substrate 120 is provided on the side opposite to the substrate 110, and a liquid crystal layer 109 is sandwiched between these substrates 110 and 120. A transparent counter electrode (common electrode) 121 and an alignment film 123 are formed on the liquid crystal layer 109 side of the substrate 120.
Further, in FIG. 14, the description of the backlight provided on the back side of the substrate 110 is omitted.

  In the transflective liquid crystal display device having the structure shown in FIG. 14, an electric field is applied from the light-reflective pixel electrode 113 and the source electrode 119 to the liquid crystal layer 109 existing between the substrates to control the alignment of the liquid crystal. Go to display. Specifically, the thin film transistor 111 controls the alignment of the liquid crystal by supplying current to the light-reflective pixel electrode 113, thereby controlling the transmittance of the liquid crystal. The uneven surface forming region of the pixel electrode 113 receives incident light from the substrate 120 side. It acts as a reflective display area that reflects and performs reflective display. In addition, the thin film transistor 111 applies a voltage to the transparent source electrode 119 in addition to the pixel electrode 113, but the formation region of the source electrode 119 in the recess 116 transmits the backlight light and performs transmissive display. Acts as a region. That is, the transflective liquid crystal display device capable of realizing both the reflective display mode using the light-reflective pixel electrode 113 and the transmissive display mode using the backlight and the transparent electrode 119 is realized as shown in FIG. The

Further, in the transflective liquid crystal display device, in the reflective display mode, the light is transmitted through the liquid crystal layer twice before the incident light to the liquid crystal display device becomes reflected light and reaches the observer. In this case, since the liquid crystal layer passes only once, depending on the display form, an extra color is added to the display or the display color is different. For this reason, the structure shown in FIG. in the part to reduce the thickness d ₁ of the liquid crystal layer, increased structure (reflection display the thickness d ₂ of the liquid crystal layer on using the depth transmissive portion a portion of the recess 116 formed in the insulating film 112 Dual gap structure in which the cell gap is different between the region and the transmissive display region), the thickness (optical path) of the liquid crystal layer when light passes through the liquid crystal layer twice in the reflective display mode, and the light once in the transmissive display mode. The thickness of the liquid crystal layer when passing through the liquid crystal layer (optical path So as to prevent variations in the colored and color of the display caused by the optical path difference in both the display mode by equalizing the.

However, in the transflective liquid crystal display device having the configuration shown in FIG. 14, the thickness d ₂ of the liquid crystal layer (also referred to as a liquid crystal layer in the transmissive display region) on the transmissive portion a is as described above. because the difference in thickness of the liquid crystal layer in both the display area because they are (sometimes referred to as a liquid crystal layer in the reflective display region) is the thickness twice as large as d ₁ is larger, the liquid crystal layer in the transmissive display region Ya In the liquid crystal layer in the reflective display area, the threshold voltage and saturation voltage at the time of applying the driving voltage are greatly different, and there is a problem that the appearance changes greatly between the transmissive display mode and the reflective display mode in the same pixel.
Further, in the transflective liquid crystal display device having the configuration shown in FIG. 14, the difference in thickness of the liquid crystal layer in both display regions is large, so that the upper and lower sides of the transflective liquid crystal display device are disclosed in Patent Document 2. Even if the optical conditions of the optical substrate such as a polarizing plate provided on the substrate are designed in various ways, it is difficult to compensate for changes in the voltage of the transmissive display area and the reflective display area. That is, the optical conditions when no voltage is applied are compared. However, since the threshold value and saturation voltage at the time of driving voltage application are too different, the contrast differs between the reflective display mode and the transmissive display mode.
In a transflective liquid crystal display device, it is common to apply the same driving voltage between the substrates in both the transmissive display mode and the reflective display mode.

  The present invention has been devised in view of the above-described problems. In a dual gap type (multi-gap type) transflective liquid crystal display device in which the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is different between the reflective portion and the transmissive portion, a driving voltage is applied. By aligning the voltage dependency of the liquid crystal layer on the transmissive part and the liquid crystal layer on the reflective part at the time, it improves the visibility of the display between the transmissive display form and the reflective display form, and is good in any display state An object of the present invention is to provide a transflective liquid crystal display capable of obtaining a good display quality.

In the transflective liquid crystal display device according to the first aspect of the present invention, liquid crystal is sealed between opposed substrates, a common electrode is formed on the surface of the one substrate on the liquid crystal layer side, and an alignment film is formed on the common electrode. A plurality of switching elements are formed on the liquid crystal layer side of the other substrate, the switching elements are covered with an insulating film, and the light reflective property is electrically connected to the switching elements on the insulating film. A plurality of pixel electrodes are formed, a through hole is formed in at least a part of the pixel electrode, and a recess is formed in the insulating film located under the through hole, and at least on the bottom side of the recess A transparent electrode that is positioned and electrically connected to the switching element is formed so as to be directly positioned on the substrate, and a liquid crystal existing between the substrates is introduced into the recess, and the recess forming portion is The other substrate side And the non-perforated portion of the pixel electrode is a reflective portion that reflects incident light from the one substrate side, and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer on the transmissive portion and the reflective portion The upper liquid crystal layer has a different thickness, an alignment film is formed on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the reflection part and the transmission part, and the alignment film formed on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the reflection part and the transmission part The alignment film formed on the surface on the liquid crystal layer side has a pretilt angle changed according to the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, and the liquid crystal layer thickness on the transmission part is larger than the liquid crystal layer thickness on the reflection part. An alignment film having a large pretilt angle is formed on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the transmission part, and an alignment film having a small pretilt angle is formed on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the reflection part .

In a dual gap type (multi-gap type) active matrix type transflective liquid crystal display device in which the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is different between the reflective portion and the transmissive portion, the reflection is performed according to the thickness (cell gap) of the liquid crystal layer. By changing the pretilt angle of the alignment film formed on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the part and the alignment film formed on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the transmissive part, in either the transmissive display mode or the reflective display mode When the same driving voltage is applied between the substrates, the liquid crystal layer on the transmissive part (liquid crystal layer in the transmissive display area) and the liquid crystal layer on the reflective part (liquid crystal layer in the reflective display area) are driven in the same pixel area. The voltage dependency (optical threshold, saturation voltage, steepness, etc.) at the time of voltage application can be made substantially the same, improving the difference in display visibility between the transmissive display mode and the reflective display mode. In the display state Good display quality can be obtained.
The cell gap is different by forming an alignment film having a large pretilt angle on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the transmission portion and forming an alignment film having a small pretilt angle on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the reflection portion. The electro-optic threshold value at the time of voltage application of the liquid crystal layer on the transmissive part and the liquid crystal layer on the reflective part can be made substantially the same.

In the transflective liquid crystal display device according to the second aspect of the invention, liquid crystal is sealed between the opposed substrates, and a plurality of transparent electrodes are formed on the surface of the one substrate on the liquid crystal layer side. An alignment film is formed on the surface on the liquid crystal layer side, an insulating film is formed on the liquid crystal layer side of the other substrate, a plurality of light reflective electrodes are formed on the insulating film, and at least one of the light reflective electrodes A through hole is formed in a part, a recess is formed in the insulating film located under the through hole, a liquid crystal existing between the substrates is introduced into the recess, and the recess forming part is the other side A transparent portion that transmits incident light from the substrate side, and a non-perforated portion of the light-transmitting electrode is a reflective portion that reflects incident light from the one substrate side, and the liquid crystal on the transparent portion The thickness of the liquid crystal layer on the reflective portion is different from the thickness of the reflective portion, and the liquid crystal layer side of the reflective portion and the transmissive portion is The alignment film formed on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the reflective portion and the alignment film formed on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the transmission portion have a pretilt angle according to the thickness of the liquid crystal layer. The thickness of the liquid crystal layer on the transmissive part is larger than the thickness of the liquid crystal layer on the reflective part, and an alignment film having a large pretilt angle is formed on the surface of the transmissive part on the liquid crystal layer side. An alignment film having a small pretilt angle is formed on the surface of the portion on the liquid crystal layer side .

Since the simple matrix type liquid crystal display device is multiplex driven, the difference in threshold between the liquid crystal layer on the transmissive part and the liquid crystal layer on the reflective part when a driving voltage is applied tends to appear more sharply in the display characteristics. Therefore, even in a simple matrix transflective liquid crystal display device, an alignment film formed on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the reflective portion and a surface of the transmissive portion on the liquid crystal layer side according to the thickness (cell gap) of the liquid crystal layer The effect of the present invention is great by changing the pretilt angle of the alignment film to be formed. Further, the liquid crystal layer thickness on the transmissive part is larger than the liquid crystal layer thickness on the reflective part, an alignment film having a large pretilt angle is formed on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the transmissive part, and the liquid crystal of the reflective part An alignment film having a small pretilt angle is formed on the layer-side surface, and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer on the transmissive portion is larger than the thickness of the liquid crystal layer on the reflective portion. An alignment film having a large pretilt angle is formed, and an alignment film having a small pretilt angle is formed on the surface of the reflective portion on the liquid crystal layer side.

In the first or second aspect of the present invention, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer on the transmissive part is larger than the thickness of the liquid crystal layer on the reflective part, and the liquid crystal layer side surface of the transmissive part is connected to the liquid crystal layer. An alignment film having a weak action is formed, and an alignment film having a strong interaction with liquid crystal is formed on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the reflection portion.
With such a configuration, it is possible to make the electro-optical thresholds at the time of voltage application between the liquid crystal layer on the transmissive portion and the liquid crystal layer on the reflective portion having different cell gaps substantially equal.

The present invention is characterized in that, in the first or second invention, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer on the transmissive part is twice the value of the thickness of the liquid crystal layer on the reflective part.
By adopting such a configuration, both the optical path when the light passes through the liquid crystal layer twice in the reflective display mode and the optical path when the light passes once through the liquid crystal layer in the transmissive display mode are made uniform. It is possible to prevent display coloration, contrast, and color variation due to the optical path difference in the display mode.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electronic apparatus including the transflective liquid crystal display device according to the present invention having any one of the above configurations in a display unit.
If the electronic device has such a configuration, it can have both an excellent display in the transmissive display state and an excellent display in the reflective display state, and the backlight is turned on in the case of the reflective display form using external light. In both of the transmissive display modes, an excellent display state can be obtained.

As described above, according to the present invention, in the dual gap type transflective liquid crystal display device in which the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is different between the translucent part and the transmissive part, the surface on the liquid crystal layer side of the transmissive part is provided. An alignment film having a large pretilt angle is formed, an alignment film having a small pretilt angle is formed on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the reflective portion, and the voltage of the liquid crystal layer on the transmissive portion and the liquid crystal layer on the reflective portion when a driving voltage is applied By making the dependency uniform, it is possible to improve the difference in display visibility between the transmissive display mode and the reflective display mode, and an active matrix type or simple matrix type transflective type that can provide good display quality in any display state A liquid crystal display can be provided.

Hereinafter, a transflective liquid crystal display device as an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In all the drawings below, the film thicknesses and dimensional ratios of the respective components are appropriately changed for easy understanding of the drawings.
1 to 9 show a first embodiment of a transflective liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. The transflective liquid crystal display device A according to the first embodiment has a main body as shown in FIG. And a backlight 4 disposed on the back side of the liquid crystal panel 1.
As shown in FIG. 2, the liquid crystal panel 1 includes an active matrix substrate (the other substrate) 2 on the side where the switching elements are formed, a counter substrate (one substrate) 3 provided opposite thereto, and a substrate 2. 3 and a liquid crystal layer 5 as a light modulation layer held between 3.

As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 3, or FIG. 4, the active matrix substrate 2 is placed on a transparent substrate body 6 made of glass, plastic, or the like in the row direction (x direction in FIGS. 3 and 4) and the column direction ( A plurality of scanning lines 7 and signal lines 8 are electrically insulated in the y direction in FIGS. 3 and 4, and a TFT (switching element) 10 is provided in the vicinity of the intersection of each scanning line 7 and signal line 8. Is formed.
On the substrate body 6, a region where the pixel electrode 11 is formed, a region where the TFT 10 is formed, a region where the scanning line 7 and the signal 8 are formed are referred to as a pixel region, an element region, and a wiring region, respectively. it can.

The TFT 10 of this embodiment has an inverted staggered structure, and a gate electrode 13, a gate insulating film 15, an i-type semiconductor layer 14, a source electrode 17 and a drain electrode 18 are arranged in order from the bottom layer portion of the substrate body 6 as a main body. An etching stopper layer 9 is formed on the i-type semiconductor layer 14 and between the source electrode 17 and the drain electrode 18.
That is, a part of the scanning line 7 is extended to form the gate electrode 13, and the island-like semiconductor layer 14 is formed on the gate insulating film 15 covering the gate line 13 so as to straddle the gate electrode 13 in plan view. A source electrode 17 is formed on one side of both ends of the i-type semiconductor layer 14 via an n-type semiconductor layer 16, and a drain electrode 18 is formed on the other side via an n-type semiconductor layer 16.

  A transparent electrode 19 made of a transparent electrode material such as ITO is formed directly on the substrate body 6 on the central side of each rectangular region surrounded by the scanning line 7 and the signal line 8. Therefore, these transparent electrodes 19 are formed in the same plane position as the previous gate electrode 13. These transparent electrodes 19 are directly connected to the connecting portion 17a at one end of the source electrode 17 connected so as to ride on the one end 19a, and are formed in a strip shape in plan view. As shown in FIG. 3, the transparent electrode 19 is slightly shorter than the vertical width of the rectangular area surrounded by the scanning line 7 and the signal line 8, and is about a fraction of the horizontal width of the previous rectangular area. Is formed.

The substrate body 6 is made of an insulating transparent substrate such as synthetic resin in addition to glass. The gate electrode 13 is made of a conductive metal material, and is integrally formed with the scanning lines 7 arranged in the row direction as shown in FIG. The gate insulating film 15 is made of a silicon-based insulating film such as silicon oxide (SiOx) or silicon nitride (SiNy), and covers the scanning line 7 and the gate electrode 13 but does not cover the transparent electrode 19. Formed on the substrate. Here, since the position where the gate insulating film 15 is formed needs to be at least a position excluding the connection portion between the transparent electrode 19 and the source electrode 17, the gate insulating film 15 is formed on the transparent electrode 19 in this embodiment. However, the gate insulating layer 15 may be formed on the transparent electrode 19 so as to exclude only the connection portion with the source electrode 17 in the transparent electrode 19.
The semiconductor layer 14 is made of amorphous silicon (a-Si) or the like, and a region facing the gate electrode 13 through the gate insulating film 15 is configured as a channel region. The source electrode 17 and the drain electrode 18 are made of a conductive material, and are formed on the semiconductor layer 14 so as to face each other with a channel region interposed therebetween. The drain electrodes 18 are individually extended from the signal lines 8 arranged in the column direction.

In order to obtain a good ohmic contact between the i-type semiconductor layer 14 and the source electrode 17 and the drain electrode 18, a V (such as phosphorus (P)) is provided between the semiconductor layer 14 and the electrodes 17 and 18. An n-type semiconductor layer (ohmic contact layer) 16 doped with a group element at a high concentration is provided.
An insulating film 20 made of an organic material is laminated on the substrate body 6, and a light diffusive reflective pixel electrode (light reflective pixel) made of a highly reflective metal material such as Al or Ag is formed on the insulating film 20. Electrode) 11 is formed.
The pixel electrode 11 is formed on the insulating film 20 so as to have a rectangular shape in plan view that is slightly smaller than the rectangular region surrounded by the scanning line 7 and the signal line 8, and as shown in FIG. In a plan view, the pixel electrodes 11 arranged vertically and horizontally are arranged in a matrix with a predetermined interval so as not to short-circuit each other. That is, these pixel electrodes 11 are arranged so that their end sides are along the scanning line 7 and the signal line 8 positioned below them, and almost the entire region where the scanning line 7 and the signal line 8 are partitioned. Is a pixel region. Note that this pixel region corresponds to a display region on the liquid crystal panel 1.

  The insulating film 20 is an organic insulating film made of acrylic resin, polyimide resin, benzocyclobutene polymer (BCB) or the like, and enhances the protection function of the TFT 10. This insulating film 20 is laminated relatively thickly on the substrate body 6 to ensure insulation between the pixel electrode 11 and the TFT 10 and various wirings, and prevent a large parasitic capacitance from being generated between the pixel electrode 11 and The step structure on the substrate body 6 formed by the TFT 10 and various wirings is flattened by the thick insulating film 20.

Next, a contact hole 21 is formed in the insulating film 20 so as to reach one end portion 17a of each of the previous source electrodes 17, and a recess 22 is formed so as to be positioned on each of the previous transparent electrodes 19, A portion of the pixel electrode 11 corresponding to the position of the recess 22 is formed with a planar through hole 23 that matches the opening 22 a of the recess 22. These recesses 22 are formed so that most of the insulating film 20 is removed in the depth direction so that only a part of the insulating film 20 is left as a coating layer 20a on the bottom 22b side. It is formed in a strip shape slightly shorter than the transparent electrode 19 so as to correspond to the planar shape of the electrode 19.
In each pixel region, the recessed portion forming portion is a transmitting portion 30 that transmits incident light from the substrate 2 side (light emitted from the backlight 4), and the non-perforated portion (the through hole 23) of the pixel electrode 11. The portion where no is formed is a reflecting portion 35 that reflects incident light from the substrate 3 side.

In addition, since one of the previous pixel electrodes 11 corresponds to approximately one pixel region, and the area of the through hole 23 corresponds to a light passage region in transmissive display, the through hole occupying the area of the previous pixel electrode 11 The area ratio of 23 is preferably set in the range of 20 to 50%, for example, 40%. Furthermore, in this embodiment, only one through hole 23 is formed in the pixel electrode 11, but a plurality of through holes may be formed in the pixel electrode 11. In this case, the total area of the plurality of through holes is set to a range of 20 to 50% of the area of the pixel electrode 11. Of course, in that case, a concave portion is provided under each through hole in accordance with the formation position of the plurality of through holes.
A conductive portion 25 made of a conductive material is formed in the contact hole 21, and the previous pixel electrode 11 and the source electrode 17 disposed on the lower layer side of the insulating film 20 are electrically connected through the conductive portion 25. Has been. Accordingly, the source electrode 17 is electrically connected to both the pixel electrode 11 and the transparent electrode 19.

  By the way, a plurality of recesses 26 are formed on the surface of the insulating film 20 at positions corresponding to the pixel regions by pressing the transfer mold onto the surface of the insulating film 20. The plurality of recesses 26 formed on the surface of the insulating film 20 give a predetermined surface recess shape 28 to the pixel electrode 11 as shown in FIG. 5, and the plurality of recesses 27 formed in the pixel electrode 11 provide a liquid crystal panel. A part of the incident light is scattered, and a diffuse reflection function is provided so that a brighter display can be obtained in a wider observation range. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the concave portions 27 are arranged closely so that adjacent ones on the left and right sides are adjacent to each other with a part of the inner surface on the opening side being continuous.

The inner surfaces of these concave portions 27 are formed in a spherical shape in this embodiment, and the luminance distribution of diffusely reflected light incident on the pixel electrode 11 at a predetermined angle (for example, 30 °) has a wide range around the regular reflection angle. It is designed to be almost symmetrical. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, the inclination angle θg of the inner surface of the recess 27 is set, for example, in the range of −18 ° to + 18 °. Further, the pitches of the adjacent concave portions 27 are arranged to be random, and the generation of moire due to the arrangement of the concave portions 27 can be prevented.
Moreover, the diameter of the recessed part 27 is set to 5 micrometers-100 micrometers from the ease of manufacture. Furthermore, the depth of the recess 27 is formed in the range of 0.1 μm to 3 μm.
Note that, in the planar shape of the pixel electrode 11 shown in FIG. 4, the concave portion 27 on the pixel electrode 11 is omitted for simplification of the drawing, but the pixel electrode 11 is about 100 to 200 μm in length and 30 in width in a normal liquid crystal panel. Since the size is about 90 μm, an example of the relative size of the concave portion 27 with respect to the pixel electrode 11 is indicated by a chain line on one pixel in FIG.

  Here, the “depth of the concave portion 27” means the distance from the surface of the pixel electrode 11 where the concave portion 27 is not formed to the bottom portion of the concave portion 27, and “the pitch of the adjacent concave portions 27” is a plan view. The distance between centers of the concave portions 27 having a circular shape is sometimes referred to. The “inclination angle of the inner surface of the concave portion 27” means, as shown in FIG. 6, when a small range having a width of 0.5 μm is taken at an arbitrary position on the inner surface of the concave portion 27, The angle θg with respect to the horizontal plane (the surface of the substrate body 6). For example, the right slope in FIG. 6 is defined as positive and the left slope in FIG. 6 is defined as negative with respect to the normal line standing on the surface of the pixel electrode 11 where the recess 27 is not formed. The substrate body 6 configured as described above is made of polyimide or the like that has been subjected to a predetermined alignment process such as rubbing so as to cover the pixel electrode 11, the insulating layer 20, the recess 22, and the recess 27. A lower substrate side alignment film 29 is formed. The lower substrate-side alignment film 29 is formed on the surface of the transmissive portion 30 on the liquid crystal layer side because different alignment treatments are performed on the portion formed on the transmissive portion 30 and the portion formed on the reflective portion 35. The transmissive portion alignment film 29a and the reflection portion alignment film 29b formed on the surface of the reflection portion 35 on the liquid crystal layer side.

On the other hand, the counter substrate 3 is configured as a color filter array substrate, and a color filter layer 42 as shown in FIG. 1 is formed on the surface of the translucent substrate body 41 made of glass, plastic or the like on the liquid crystal layer 5 side. Yes.
As illustrated in FIG. 7, the color filter layer 42 having these configurations includes color filters 42R, 42G, and 42B that transmit light of wavelengths of red (R), green (G), and blue (B), respectively, periodically. The color filters 42R, 42G, and 42B are provided at positions facing the pixel electrodes 11.
In the color filter layer 42, light shielding layers 42S and 42T such as a black matrix are formed in a lattice pattern in regions where the color filters 42R, 42G, and 42B are not formed.

  A transparent counter electrode (common electrode) 43 such as ITO and an upper substrate side alignment film 44 are formed on the liquid crystal layer side of the color filter layer 42 described above. The upper substrate side alignment film 44 is made of polyimide or the like that has been subjected to a predetermined alignment process such as rubbing.

The substrates 2 and 3 configured as described above are held in a state of being spaced apart from each other by a spacer (not shown) and are applied in a rectangular frame shape around the substrate as shown in FIG. The thermosetting sealing material 45 is bonded and integrated. Then, liquid crystal is sealed in a space sealed by the substrates 2 and 3 and the sealing material 45 to form a liquid crystal layer 5 as a light modulation layer, and the liquid crystal panel 1 is configured. In FIG. 2, for simplification of the drawing, various layers and wirings on the liquid crystal side of the substrate 2 and various layers on the liquid crystal side of the substrate 3 are abbreviated and only the positional relationship between the alignment films 29 and 44 is shown. showed that.
As shown in FIG. 1, a polarizing plate H1 and retardation plates H2 and H3 are provided on the outer surface side of the substrate body 41 as necessary.

In the transflective liquid crystal display device A of the present embodiment, the recess 22 is formed in the insulating film 20 located below the through hole 23 formed in the recessed pixel electrode 11 in the insulating film 20 as described above. Since the liquid crystal is also introduced into the liquid crystal layer 22, the thickness d ₃ of the liquid crystal layer 5 on the transmissive portion 30 (also referred to as a liquid crystal layer in the transmissive display region) may be set to the liquid crystal layer 5 on the reflective portion 35 ( The thickness d ₃ of the liquid crystal layer 5 on the transmissive part 30 is preferably larger than the thickness d ₄ of the liquid crystal layer of the reflective display area. It is set to a value twice the thickness d ₄ of 5.

As described above, since the thickness d ₃ of the liquid crystal layer 5 on the transmissive part 30 and the thickness d ₄ of the liquid crystal layer 5 on the reflective part 35 are different values, the transmissive part formed on the transmissive part 30. The pretilt angle of the alignment film 29 a formed on the alignment film 29 a and the reflection part 35 is changed according to the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 5. When the thickness d ₃ of the liquid crystal layer 5 on the transmissive part 30 is larger than the thickness d ₄ of the liquid crystal layer 5 on the reflective part 35 as in this embodiment, the liquid crystal layer 5 is formed on the transmissive part 30. An alignment film having a weak interaction with the liquid crystal is formed as the transmission part alignment film 29a, and an alignment film having a strong interaction with the liquid crystal is formed as the reflection part alignment film 29b formed on the reflection part 35, or the transmission film. An alignment film with a large pretilt angle may be formed as the partial alignment film 29a, and an alignment film with a small pretilt angle may be formed as the reflective alignment film 29b.
As the simplest configuration, for example, in a “main chain type” alignment film, there is a liquid crystal pretilt angle that decreases when the degree of rubbing is strong, and this alignment film can be realized.

As a method for forming the lower substrate side alignment film 29 including the transmission part alignment film 29a and the reflection part alignment film 29b, for example, an alignment film is formed by rubbing a film made of an alignment film material such as polyimide or polyamide. When this alignment film is selectively irradiated with a light beam, the alignment force of the portion irradiated with the light beam can be different from the alignment force of the portion not irradiated with the light beam such as UV light, and the light beam is irradiated. It is possible to form alignment films having different pretilt angles between the non-irradiated part and the non-irradiated part.
Further, a laser beam or the like can be used as the light beam. That is, since the alignment film material is an organic compound and absorbs light in the infrared region, the film made of the alignment film material can be partially modified by controlling the light energy.
The alignment film that has been rubbed in advance is stretched in the rubbing direction microscopically by the shearing force of the rubbing cloth pile, and the micro crystalline region is oriented. The region is partially relaxed by thermal motion, and the orientation force changes according to the amount of irradiation energy.
In this embodiment, for example, the alignment regulating force (or pretilt angle) of the alignment film is adjusted by irradiating the alignment film on the transmission part 30 with a laser beam with controlled energy. The energy of the laser beam is such that the liquid crystal layer on the reflective part (between the upper and lower substrates in the reflective display area) and the liquid crystal layer on the transmissive part (between the upper and lower substrates in the transmissive display area) with substantially different cell gap Therefore, it is necessary to control the voltage characteristics such as the electro-optical threshold value so as to be substantially the same.

FIG. 10 shows a multi-gap type liquid crystal panel in which the upper and lower alignment films are subjected to the same alignment process, and the lower alignment film is subjected to the same alignment process on the reflection part and the transmission part. the change in the electro-optical threshold _{(V 10,} V ₅₀₎ with respect to the cell gap or liquid crystal layer thickness d of the test piece 1) illustrates schematically. For example, in the normally white mode, V ₁₀ is the voltage value when the 10% decrease from the maximum value is brightness, V ₅₀ is the voltage at which 50% reduction from the maximum value is the luminance.
From the results shown in FIG. 10, it can be seen that V ₁₀ and V ₅₀ tend to increase as the cell gap increases.

FIG. 11 shows a liquid crystal layer (cell gap of a transmissive display region) of a multi-gap type liquid crystal panel (test piece 2) in which a portion on the reflective portion and a portion on the transmissive portion are subjected to different alignment treatments in the lower alignment film. in which the change in the electro-optical threshold (V _{10, V 50)} schematically showing for pretilt angle θp in each large part) and the liquid crystal layer in the reflective display region (partial cell gap is small).
In any cell gap, there is a tendency that within a certain pretilt angle range, the pretilt angle decreases until it reaches a certain size. When the pretilt angle is the same, the electro-optic threshold value increases as the cell gap increases.
Therefore, when the reflective part alignment film provided on the reflective part 35 is formed so as to reduce the pretilt angle θref, the threshold value can be increased, and the transmissive part alignment film provided on the transmissive part 30 is set so as to increase the pretilt angle θper. Then, the threshold value can be lowered, and the electro-optic threshold value can be set to substantially the same value in the reflection part 35 and the transmission part 30.
By using this change in threshold value and optical condition setting in combination, the electro-optic threshold values of the reflective display area and the transmissive display area can be made substantially the same, and display visibility in the reflective and transmissive modes can be improved. Such an effect is particularly effective in a simple matrix type liquid crystal display mode with many constraints on the drive voltage.
The material used for the upper substrate side alignment film 44 and the lower substrate side alignment film 29 is not limited to the organic material as described above, and may be an inorganic alignment film. The transmissive portion alignment film 29a and the reflective portion alignment film 29b constituting the liquid crystal have different pretilt angles depending on the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 5, or different interactions with the liquid crystal depending on the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 5. Things are used.

As shown in FIG. 2, the backlight 4 of this embodiment is provided on the back side of the liquid crystal panel 1 and includes a transparent light guide plate 52, a light source 53, and a diffusive reflector 55 made of a flat transparent acrylic resin. The holding member 58 is generally configured. In the backlight 4, the light source 53 is disposed on the end surface 52 a side that introduces light into the light guide plate 52, and the diffusive reflector 55 is opposite to the emission surface (upper surface, one surface) 52 b side of the light guide plate 52. It is provided on the side surface (lower surface, the other surface) via an air layer 56.
The light guide plate 52 is disposed on the back side of the liquid crystal panel 1 and irradiates the light emitted from the light source 53 to the liquid crystal panel 1 side. As shown in FIG. 2, the light emitted from the light source 53 is introduced into the light guide plate 52 through the end face 52a, and is emitted from the light emission surface 52b of the light guide plate 52 to the liquid crystal panel 1 side.
Further, a step portion is formed on the surface 52 c opposite to the light exit surface 52 b of the light guide plate 52, so that the thickness gradually decreases as the distance from the light source 53 increases. Is made thinner than the side closer to the light source 53.

The light source 53 includes a long cold cathode fluorescent lamp 53a and a reflector 53b provided around the cold cathode fluorescent lamp 53a. For the diffusive reflector 55, for example, a diffuse reflection structure equivalent to the insulating film 20 applied in the previous liquid crystal panel 1, the plurality of recesses 27 formed thereon, and the pixel electrode 11 is applied.
That is, the organic film 60 is formed on the substrate 59, a plurality of minute recesses are formed on the surface of the organic film 60, and the reflective film 61 made of metal such as Al or Ag having light reflectivity is formed thereon. A plurality of minute recesses 61d are formed on the surface of the reflecting film 61, and can exhibit a bright diffuse reflection performance in a wide angular range as in the structure described above with reference to FIG.
If it is the backlight 4 of such a structure, while the light from the light source 53 can be guide | induced to the liquid crystal panel 1 side by the light guide plate 52, the liquid crystal panel 1 can be illuminated from a back surface side, and the light guide plate 52 is based on the advancing direction of light. The light leaked from the back side of the light is efficiently reflected again by the reflection film 61 and reflected to the light guide plate 52 side, and can be reflected to the liquid crystal panel 1 side through the light guide plate 52, so that a brighter backlight 4 is obtained. Can do.

The liquid crystal panel 1 having the backlight 4 configured as described above is used without turning on the backlight 4 as a liquid crystal panel in a reflective display form when used in a bright outdoor or bright room with illumination. To do. Here, external light incident on the liquid crystal panel 1 passes through each layer on the substrate 3 side, passes through the liquid crystal layer 5, is reflected by the plurality of pixel electrodes 11 (reflecting portions 35) having light diffusivity, and is again liquid crystal layer. 5 passes through each layer on the substrate 3 side and reaches the eyes of the observer. During this period, the pixel electrode 11 in each pixel region can be energized from the thin film transistor 10 to control the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules on the pixel electrode 11, and display can be performed by controlling the display state in each pixel region.
In order to use in a transmissive display form in a dark place, the light source 53 of the backlight 4 is turned on, and the light guided from the light source 53 to the inside of the light guide plate 52 is emitted from the emission surface 52b to the liquid crystal panel 1 side. Here, the light emitted from the backlight 4 to the liquid crystal panel 1 side passes through the recess 22 (transmission portion 30), and further passes through the through hole 11a provided corresponding to the recess 22. Then, it passes through the liquid crystal layer 5 and passes through each layer on the substrate 3 side to reach the observer. Thereby, a transmissive display state can be obtained.

When used in the previous reflective display state, external light incident on and reflected by the liquid crystal panel 1 passes through the liquid crystal layer 5 twice. Here, since the value of Δn · d (retardation) in the region where the pixel electrode 11 is formed is set in the range of 200 to 250 nm, it is a preferable range for the reflective display state. Further, when used in the previous transmissive display state, light that enters the liquid crystal panel 1 from the backlight 4 and reaches the observer passes through the liquid crystal layer 5 only once. Here, in the region where the recess 22 is formed in the insulating film 20, the value of Δn · d (retardation) is set in the range of 400 to 450 nm. The display can also be improved.
Therefore, if the structure of the present embodiment is adopted, the display state with different colors and shades does not change depending on the display state, and the liquid crystal layer on the transmissive part 30 and the liquid crystal layer on the reflective part 35 within the same pixel region. Since the voltage dependency (optical threshold, saturation voltage, steepness, etc.) at the time of applying the driving voltage can be made substantially the same, it is possible to improve the difference in display visibility between the transmissive display mode and the reflective display mode. It has the characteristics.

Next, a second example of the concave shape formed in the light-reflective pixel electrode applied to the transflective liquid crystal display device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing one recess on the pixel electrode according to this example, and FIG. 9 is a sectional view in the y direction of the recess.
The concave portion 70 according to this modification is a partial modification of the spherical shape of the inner surface of the concave portion 27 of the pixel electrode 11 in the liquid crystal panel 1 of the first embodiment, and the pixel electrode 11 has a predetermined angle (for example, 30 °). The luminance distribution of the diffusely reflected light of the light incident on (1) is asymmetric with respect to the regular reflection angle.
Specifically, the concave portion 70 is composed of a first curved surface having a small curvature and a second curved surface having a large curvature, and the first curved surface and the second curved surface are each one periphery of the concave portion 70 in the Y-direction cross section shown in FIG. A first curve A1 extending from the part S1 to the deepest point D, and a second curve B1 extending gently from the deepest point D of the recess 70 to the other peripheral part S2 in a continuous manner. ing.

  This deepest point D is at a position shifted from the center O of the recess 70 in the y direction, and the average of the absolute values of the inclination angle of the first curve A1 and the second curve B1 with respect to the horizontal plane of the substrate 6 is 1 respectively. It is set to vary irregularly in the respective ranges of ° to 89 ° and 0.5 ° to 88 °, and the average value of the inclination angle of the first curve A1 is larger than that of the second curve B1. In addition, the inclination angle δa in the peripheral portion S1 of the first curve A1 indicating the maximum inclination angle varies irregularly within the range of approximately 4 ° to 35 ° in the recess 70. Thereby, the depth d of each recessed part 70 is comprised irregularly within the range of 0.25 micrometer-3 micrometers.

  Therefore, in the transflective liquid crystal display device in which the recess shape formed in the light-reflective pixel electrode is the recess 70 shown in FIGS. 8 to 9, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained. Since the first curved surface and the second curved surface constituting the concave portion of the pixel electrode are asymmetric with respect to the deepest point D and the reflected light has directivity, the brightness of the display in a specific observation direction is further enhanced and reflected. Light can be used effectively.

FIG. 12 shows an example of a mobile phone device (electronic device) provided with the liquid crystal display device of the previous embodiment according to the present invention. The mobile phone device K in this example is an upper front side of a flat type case body 90. The liquid crystal panel 1 is provided so that the display surface of the liquid crystal panel 1 of the liquid crystal display device A is exposed from the window portion 91 formed in the center, and a plurality of operation buttons 92 are arranged on the lower surface side of the case body 90.
The cellular phone device having this configuration can be used in a reflective display form in a bright room or outdoors, and can be used in a transmissive display state by turning on a backlight in a dark room or at night. In addition, since the liquid crystal display device A of the previous embodiment is provided, there is no difference in hue and color between the reflective display state and the transmissive display state, and the display visibility is different between the transmissive display mode and the reflective display mode. The difference can be improved, and a liquid crystal display with high display quality can be obtained in any display state.

FIG. 13 shows an example of a portable information terminal device (electronic device) provided with the liquid crystal display device of the previous embodiment according to the present invention. The portable information terminal device J of this example is a flat case body 95. 96 are foldably hinged and provided so that the display surface of the liquid crystal panel 1 of the liquid crystal display device A is exposed from a window 97 formed in one case body 95, and a keyboard switch is connected to the other case body 96. 98 is provided.
The portable information terminal device J having this configuration can be used in a reflective display form in a bright room or outdoors, and can be used in a transmissive display state by turning on a backlight in a dark room or at night. In addition, since the liquid crystal display device A of the previous embodiment is provided, there is no difference in hue and color between the reflective display state and the transmissive display state, and the display visibility is different between the transmissive display mode and the reflective display mode. The difference can be improved, and a liquid crystal display with high display quality can be obtained in any display state.

In addition, this invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, It can implement in various deformation | transformation in the range which does not deviate from the meaning of this invention.
For example, the TFT 10 is not limited to an inverted stagger type structure, and may be a normal stagger type TFT. The switching element is not limited to a TFT, and may be a thin film diode having an MIM (Metal Insulator Metal) structure in which an insulating layer is sandwiched between metal layers. In the case of this MIM structure, since a plurality of strip-like common electrodes are formed on the counter substrate side, a plurality of common electrodes are provided.
The substrate on which the color filter layer 42 is formed is not limited to the counter substrate 3 side, and the color filter layer 42 may be provided on the substrate 2 side. Accordingly, the light shielding layer 42S is formed on either the substrate 2 or the counter substrate 3. Of course, the color filters 42R, 42G, and 42B and the light shielding layer 42S may be provided on different substrates.
Furthermore, although the light shielding layer 42S is formed in a stripe shape in the above-described embodiment, it may be formed in a lattice shape so as to surround the color filters 42R, 42G, and 42B. Furthermore, the shape of the through-hole 23 formed in the pixel electrode 11 is not limited to a rectangular shape, and may be a circular shape, an elliptical shape, or other shapes, and the size and the number thereof are not particularly limited.

In the above embodiment, the case where the present invention is applied to the dual gap type in which the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is different between the reflective portion and the transmissive portion in the active matrix type transflective liquid crystal display device has been described. The present invention can also be applied to a dual gap type in which the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is different between the reflective portion and the transmissive portion in the transflective liquid crystal display device of the type.
In this simple matrix type transflective liquid crystal display device, a liquid crystal is sealed between opposing substrates, and a plurality of transparent electrodes are formed on the surface of the one substrate on the liquid crystal layer side. An alignment film is formed on the surface of the layer side, an insulating film is formed on the liquid crystal layer side of the other substrate, a plurality of light reflective electrodes are formed on the insulating film, and at least one of the light reflective electrodes is formed. A through-hole is formed in the portion, a recess is formed in the insulating film located under the through-hole, liquid crystal existing between the substrates is introduced into the recess, and the recess-forming portion is the other portion A transmission part that transmits incident light from the substrate side; a non-perforated part of the light transmissive electrode is a reflection part that reflects incident light from the one substrate side; and a liquid crystal layer on the transmission part The thickness is different from the thickness of the liquid crystal layer on the reflective part, and the reflective part and the transmissive part An alignment film is formed on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the liquid crystal layer, and the alignment film formed on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the reflection portion and the alignment film formed on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the transmission portion are the thickness of the liquid crystal layer. The pretilt angle can be changed according to the above.

  Since the simple matrix type liquid crystal display device is multiplex driven, the difference between the threshold values of the liquid crystal layer on the transmissive part and the liquid crystal layer on the reflective part when a driving voltage is applied is more sensitive to the display characteristics. Therefore, even in a simple matrix transflective liquid crystal display device, an alignment film formed on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the reflective portion and a surface of the transmissive portion on the liquid crystal layer side according to the thickness (cell gap) of the liquid crystal layer The effect of the present invention is great by changing the pretilt angle of the alignment film to be formed.

  The active matrix type or simple matrix type transflective liquid crystal display device can be applied to a dual gap type in which the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is different between the reflective portion and the transmissive portion, and such a transflective liquid crystal display device can be used. It can be applied to electronic devices such as mobile phone devices and portable information terminal devices.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an essential part of a first embodiment of a liquid crystal panel applied to a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention provided with a liquid crystal panel and a backlight. FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view showing an example of an arrangement configuration of a thin film transistor portion and a transparent electrode of the liquid crystal panel. FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view showing a pixel electrode portion of the liquid crystal panel. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing the shape of a recess formed in a pixel electrode portion of the liquid crystal panel. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a cross-sectional shape of a recess formed in a pixel electrode portion of the liquid crystal panel. FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a color filter provided in the liquid crystal panel. FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a second shape example of the recess formed in the pixel electrode portion of the liquid crystal panel. FIG. 9 is an explanatory view showing a cross-sectional shape of the recess shown in FIG. FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically showing changes in the electro-optical threshold with respect to the cell gap or the liquid crystal layer thickness of the liquid crystal panel. FIG. 11 is a diagram schematically showing changes in the electro-optic threshold with respect to the pretilt angle in each of a portion where the cell gap of the liquid crystal panel is large and a portion where the cell gap is small. FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing an example of a cellular phone device provided with the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing another example of a portable information terminal device including the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of an essential part showing an example of a conventional transflective liquid crystal display device.

Explanation of symbols

A ... transflective liquid crystal display device, 1 ... liquid crystal panel, 2, 3 ... substrate, 4 ... backlight, 5 ... liquid crystal layer, 6 ... substrate body, 7 ... Scan lines, 8 ... signal lines, 10 ... thin film transistors, 13 ... gate electrodes, 15 ... gate insulating films, 16 ... semiconductor layers, 17 ... source electrodes, 18 ... Drain electrode, 19 ... Transparent electrode, 20 ... Insulating film, 20a ... Cover layer, 21 ... Contact hole, 22 ... Recess, 22b ... Bottom, 23 ... Through-hole 25 ... conductive portion, 26 ... recess, 27 ... recess, 29 ... lower substrate side alignment film, 29a ... transmission portion alignment film, 29b ... reflection portion alignment film, 30. ..Transmission part, 35... Reflection part, 41 .. counter substrate, 42... Color filter, 43. · On the substrate side alignment film, 45 ... sealing material (sealant), 52 ... light guide plate, 53 ... light _{source, d} 3, ... transmissive display region crystal layer thickness of, _{d 4} ... Thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the reflective display area.

Claims (5)

Liquid crystal is sealed between the substrates arranged opposite to each other, a common electrode is formed on the surface of the one substrate on the liquid crystal layer side, an alignment film is formed on the common electrode, and the liquid crystal layer side of the other substrate is formed. A plurality of switching elements are formed, these switching elements are covered with an insulating film, and a plurality of light-reflective pixel electrodes electrically connected to the switching elements are formed on the insulating film, while the pixel electrodes A through hole is formed in at least a part of the insulating film, and a recess is formed in the insulating film located below the through hole. The recess is located at the bottom side of the recess and is electrically connected to the switching element. A transparent electrode is formed so as to be directly positioned on the substrate, liquid crystal existing between the substrates is introduced into the recess, and the recess forming portion transmits the incident light from the other substrate side. And Serial is a reflection portion non-hole portions reflect incident light from the substrate side of the one pixel electrode, the liquid crystal layer thickness on the liquid crystal layer thickness and the reflecting portion on the transmissive portion is a different value,
An alignment film is formed on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the reflective part and the transmissive part, and an alignment film formed on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the reflective part and an alignment film formed on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the transmissive part The pretilt angle is changed according to the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer on the transmissive portion is larger than the thickness of the liquid crystal layer on the reflective portion. A transflective liquid crystal display device , wherein an alignment film having a large pretilt angle is formed, and an alignment film having a small pretilt angle is formed on a surface of the reflective portion on the liquid crystal layer side . Liquid crystal is sealed between the substrates arranged opposite to each other, a plurality of transparent electrodes are formed on the surface of the one substrate on the liquid crystal layer side, an alignment film is formed on the surface of the transparent electrode on the liquid crystal layer side, and the other substrate An insulating film is formed on the liquid crystal layer side of the substrate, a plurality of light-reflective electrodes are formed on the insulating film, and a through hole is formed in at least a part of the light-reflective electrode. A recess is formed in the insulating film positioned, liquid crystal existing between the substrates is introduced into the recess, and the recess formation part is a transmission part that transmits incident light from the other substrate side, The non-perforated portion of the light transmissive electrode is a reflective portion that reflects incident light from the one substrate side, and the liquid crystal layer thickness on the transmissive portion is different from the liquid crystal layer thickness on the reflective portion. And
An alignment film is formed on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the reflective part and the transmissive part, and an alignment film formed on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the reflective part and an alignment film formed on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the transmissive part The pretilt angle is changed according to the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer on the transmissive portion is larger than the thickness of the liquid crystal layer on the reflective portion. A transflective liquid crystal display device , wherein an alignment film having a large pretilt angle is formed, and an alignment film having a small pretilt angle is formed on a surface of the reflective portion on the liquid crystal layer side .   The thickness of the liquid crystal layer on the transmissive part is larger than the thickness of the liquid crystal layer on the reflective part, and an alignment film having a weak interaction with the liquid crystal is formed on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the transmissive part. 3. The transflective liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein an alignment film having a strong interaction with the liquid crystal is formed on the surface on the liquid crystal layer side. 4. The transflective liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the liquid crystal layer on the transmissive portion is twice as large as a thickness of the liquid crystal layer on the reflective portion. An electronic apparatus characterized by comprising a display unit a transflective liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

Images