JP4377969B2 - Breeding method of non-seed formation strain - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a method for breeding a non-seed layer-forming strain belonging to a new strain using shiitake mushroom.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, when natural shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) matures, the umbrella part opens, and a large number of basidiospores formed on the folds of the umbrella part are blown by the wind and germinate on the fallen tree. The germinated basidiospores become hyphae (mononuclear hyphae), absorb nutrients and grow, join with other mononuclear hyphae that can be mated, and become binuclear hyphae in which two nuclei coexist in one cell . And this binuclear mycelium forms a fruit body and grows into shiitake mushroom. In the artificial cultivation of shiitake, this growth cycle is artificially performed.
[0003]
FIG. 2 shows the appearance of shiitake mushrooms obtained by artificial cultivation. The shiitake Mr. shown in the figure has a stem portion 3r and an umbrella portion 2r opened laterally from the upper end of the stem portion 3r, and a pleat 4 having a large number of basidiomycetes is formed on the lower surface portion of the umbrella portion 2r. The
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, when shiitake is artificially cultivated, there are the following problems.
[0005]
First of all, because the growers are forced to work in an environment where shiitake spores are floating in large quantities, they tend to suffer from diseases such as bronchitis due to inhalation of spores, bronchial asthma, granulomatous alveolitis, etc. There is an adverse effect on the human body. Also, floating spores may adhere to the filter of the air conditioning equipment and cause clogging of the filter, or may adhere to various equipment and cause soiling, resulting in adverse effects on the cultivation equipment.
[0006]
Second, shiitake from which spores are released has the property of rapidly deteriorating, so the quality is likely to deteriorate in a short time. In addition, the harvested shiitake umbrella portion is usually said to have a good six-fold opening, but the merchandise tends to deteriorate, for example, the umbrella portion warps as it grows.
[0007]
The present invention solves such a problem existing in the prior art, and by eliminating mushroom folds, mushrooms that eliminate the adverse effects of spores on human bodies and cultivation facilities, and are less likely to deteriorate in quality and merchantability. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for breeding a non-seed layer-forming strain capable of obtaining
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The breeding method of a non-seed layer-forming strain according to the present invention is basically a shiitake incompatibility factor An (n is an arbitrary type) or an incompatibility factor Am (m is an arbitrary type other than n) And the deposited strain “FERM P-14386”, which is a mononuclear mycelia having the incompatibility factor Bn or the incompatibility factor Bm, and the deposited strain “FERM”, which is a mononuclear mycelium of Shiitake that can be crossed By crossing "P-14387", a non-fruit layer-forming strain is produced, and the obtained strain is inoculated into a production medium to obtain a mushroom M that has no folds and does not form a basidiode. .
[0009]
【The invention's effect】
Therefore, according to the method for breeding a non-seed layer-forming strain according to the present invention, it is possible to finally obtain a mushroom M having no folds or forming a basidiode, and thus has the following remarkable effects.
[0010]
(1) Since a new type of mushroom that does not form a basidiode can be obtained even if a pleat-like structure with no folds or a slight fold-like structure is formed, adverse effects on the human body and cultivation facilities due to spores can be eliminated.
[0011]
{Circle around (2)} A mushroom having a high grade and having good shelf life in which quality and merchantability are unlikely to deteriorate can be obtained, and a mushroom having a good feeling of volume and texture when eaten.
[0012]
【Example】
Next, an optimum embodiment according to the present invention will be described in detail.
[0013]
First, two kinds of shiitake mushrooms at a time when spores can fall are prepared, and one shiitake mushroom is # 01 and the other shiitake mushroom is # 02.
[0014]
Then, the monopolar hyphae are separated from the shiitake mushroom # 01 by monospore separation, and the tetrapolar mononuclear hyphae are also separated from the shiitake mushroom # 02 in the same manner.
[0015]
On the other hand, a standard mononuclear mycelium for the incompatibility factor was prepared, and each of the four mononuclear hyphae obtained from Shiitake # 01 and each of the four mononuclear hyphae obtained from Shiitake # 02 was prepared for the reference mononuclear mycelia. The incompatibility factors of shiitake mushroom # 01 and shiitake mushroom # 02 were respectively crossed and the incompatibility factors of mononuclear mycelia obtained from shiitake mushroom # 01 were "A2B2,""A2B3,""A3B2," On the other hand, the incompatibility factors of mononuclear hyphae obtained from Shiitake mushroom # 02 were “A2B2,” “A2B3,” “A3B2,” and “A3B3.”
[0016]
When mating was performed using a combination of incompatibility factors that can be mated between Shiitake # 01 and Shiitake # 02, 70 in the combination of “A2B2” of Shiitake # 01 and “A3B3” of Shiitake # 02 A Shiitake mushroom strain that did not form a grain layer was obtained with a probability of%.
[0017]
In addition, one strain of shiitake mushroom # 01 mononuclear hyphae “A2B2” at this time was sent to the Institute of Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology as No. 6187 Yakubun No. 1187 (FERM P-14386), One strain of shiitake mushroom # 02 mononuclear mycelium “A3B3” was deposited as 6-syoyokubun No. 1188 (FERM P-14387), respectively, and among shiitake mushrooms “A2A3B2B3” that did not form a seed layer One strain was deposited as 6 Seibun No. 943 (FERM P-14310).
[0018]
On the other hand, in the result of the combination of “A2B2” of Shiitake # 01 and “A3B3” of Shiitake # 02, any single strain was selected from among the Shiitake hybrids that formed 30% seed layers. To obtain mononuclear hyphae “A2B2”, “A2B3”, “A3B2”, “A3B3”, and the monospore separation from these mononuclear hyphae and Shiitake # 03 prepared elsewhere. When the mononuclear hyphae of “A6B7” in the compatibility factor were crossed, a strain that did not form a grain layer was obtained with a probability of 33%.
[0019]
In addition, one strain of mononuclear mycelium “A2B2” at this time was transferred to the National Institute of Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology as 6 Seibun No. 1190 (FERM P-14389). One strain of “A6B7” was deposited as 6 Seibun No. 1191 (FERM P-14390), and one of the non-seed layer-forming strains obtained at this time was Deposited as Nobun 1189 (FERM P-14388). And it was able to be confirmed that a non-seed layer-forming strain was obtained with a certain probability by mating with a shiitake progeny having any of the incompatibility factors A2, A3, B2, and B3.
[0020]
On the other hand, the non-seed layer-forming strain is inoculated on a production medium, for example, a mushroom medium mixed with sawdust, rice bran, rice bran, corn cob and the like. And if it passes through the mycelia culture process, the sprout process, and the growth process which are the cultivation process of a shiitake mushroom using the cultivation equipment for cultivating a shiitake mushroom, the mushroom which does not form a fold or a basidiode will be obtained. In addition, after hypha culture, mushrooms for viewing or horticulture can be generated at home or the like using artificial straw.
[0021]
FIG. 1 shows a mushroom M obtained through such a breeding process (cultivation process). This mushroom M has a stem portion 3 and an umbrella portion 2 that opens laterally from the upper end of the stem portion 3, but no folds are formed on the lower surface portion 2 d of the umbrella portion 2 or the fold-like structure is slightly. Even if it is formed, a basidiode is not formed.
[0022]
Therefore, there is no basidiomysa in Mushroom M. Therefore, the harmful effects of floating spores, such as shiitake cultivation, that is, bronchitis, bronchial asthma, granulomatous alveoli due to inhalation of spores by the grower Diseases such as flames do not occur. Also, the harmful effects of floating spores adhering to the filter of the air conditioning equipment and causing filter clogging, or adhering to the cultivation equipment and causing dirt are also eliminated.
[0023]
Moreover, since there are no folds, for example, there is no property of rapidly changing color such as shiitake mushrooms that have released spores, quality deterioration due to discoloration of mushroom M is suppressed, the shelf life is improved, and the shiitake umbrella part to be harvested is Since the property of opening (warping) is lost, the quality grade is increased, and the deterioration of merchantability is also suppressed. It has been confirmed that the shelf life does not change color for at least one week even when it is left to stand at a temperature of 25 ° C. Furthermore, since the umbrella part 2 of the mushroom M is substantially thicker than a general shiitake mushroom, the volume feeling and the texture when eating are good.
[0024]
In addition, although the Example demonstrated the optimal Example, the breeding method based on this invention is not limited to such an Example, It can change arbitrarily in the range which does not deviate from the mind of this invention.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an external view of a mushroom obtained by the method for breeding a non-seed layer-forming strain according to the present invention,
FIG. 2 is an external view of a shiitake mushroom obtained by artificial cultivation.
[Explanation of symbols]
M mushroom

Claims (1)

  Shiitake's incompatibility factor An (n is an arbitrary type) or incompatibility factor Am (m is an arbitrary type other than n) and an incompatibility factor Bn or an incompatibility factor Bm By depositing the deposited strain “FERM P-14387” which is a mononuclear mycelium of shiitake mushrooms with the deposited strain “FERM P-14386” which is a mycelium, a non-fruit layer-forming strain is produced. In addition, a method for breeding a non-seed layer-forming strain characterized in that the obtained strain is inoculated into a production medium to obtain a mushroom having no folds and forming a basidiomycete.

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