JP4378932B2 - Manufacturing method of bearing parts - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of bearing parts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4378932B2 JP4378932B2 JP2002309805A JP2002309805A JP4378932B2 JP 4378932 B2 JP4378932 B2 JP 4378932B2 JP 2002309805 A JP2002309805 A JP 2002309805A JP 2002309805 A JP2002309805 A JP 2002309805A JP 4378932 B2 JP4378932 B2 JP 4378932B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- bearing
- weight
- manufacturing
- vibration
- vibration damping
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
- F16C33/121—Use of special materials
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
この発明は、高い制振性を要求される軸受の転動体、軌道輪などの軸受部品の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
昨今の機械装置においては、高性能化、高精度化と相俟って、静粛性も品質評価の上で重要な要因となっており、この静粛性に対し、軸受での対応要請が強まっている。
【0003】
たとえば、変速機のギア支持用転がり軸受において、軸受を振動伝達経路としてギアの噛み合い振動がケースに伝わり、振動騒音として顕在化する事象がある。変速機の設計上、軸受とケースとの間に振動減衰効果を有する部材を設置することは、スペースの点や、剛性低下による噛み合い振動の増加などの点で困難である。
【0004】
そこで、本出願人は、先に、C0.2〜0.6重量%、Cr5.0〜15.0重量%、Si0.2〜1.3重量%を含有し、残部Feおよび不可避不純物からなる制振鋼よりなり、浸炭処理または浸炭窒化処理が施されて表面に硬化層が形成された軸受部品を提案した(特許文献1参照)。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特開平5−125488号公報(請求項1)
上述した従来の軸受部品は、C0.2〜0.6重量%、Cr5.0〜15.0重量%、Si0.2〜1.3重量%を含有し、残部Feおよび不可避不純物からなる制振鋼よりなるので、高制振性が得られる。しかも、浸炭処理または浸炭窒化処理が施されて表面に硬化層が形成されているので、この軸受部品を備えた軸受を、たとえば変速機のギア支持用転がり軸受などのように、潤滑油中に異物が混入しているというような条件下で使用した場合にも、十分な転がり疲労寿命が得られる。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題と発明の効果】
しかしながら、従来の軸受部品では、浸炭処理または浸炭窒化処理により表面硬化層を形成する必要があるので、熱処理コストが高くなり、その結果製造コストが高くなるという問題がある。
【0007】
この発明の目的は、上記問題を解決し、高制振性を有する軸受部品を製造しうるとともに製造コストが安価である軸受部品の製造方法を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段と発明の効果】
この発明による軸受部品の製造方法は、C0.2〜0.6重量%、Cr5.0〜15.0重量%(但し10.0重量%以上は除く)、Si0.2〜1.3重量%、N0.05〜0.20重量%を含有し、残部Feおよび不可避不純物からなる制振鋼を用いてつくり、ついで加熱してオーステナイト化した後油冷し、ついで深冷処理を施した後焼戻しし、表面硬さをロックウェル硬さで63以上とすることを特徴とするものである。
【0009】
上記合金成分の限定理由は次の通りである。
【0010】
C:0.2〜0.6重量%
Cの含有量が0.2重量%未満では普通焼入により所望の表面硬さを得ることができず、0.6重量%を越えると、上記量のCrを含有する鋼においては、巨大炭化物が生じ易くなり、十分な靭性を得られず、剥離起点となる微小亀裂が発生、進展し易くなって転がり疲労寿命が短くなる。しかも、C含有量の増加とともに内部摩擦値が低下して制振性を阻害する。したがって、C含有量は0.2〜0.6重量%の範囲内で選ぶべきである。
【0011】
Cr:5.0〜15.0重量%(但し10.0重量%以上は除く)
Crは制振性を向上させる性質を有するが、その含有量が5.0重量%未満ではこの効果は得られず、15.0重量%を越えると巨大炭化物が生じ易くなり、十分な靭性を得られず、剥離起点となる微小亀裂が発生、進展し易くなって転がり疲労寿命が短くなる。したがって、Cr含有量は5.0〜15.0重量%の範囲内で選ぶべきである。
【0012】
Si:0.2〜1.3重量%
Siは製鋼時の脱酸のために必要な元素であり、また固溶強化、焼戻し軟化抵抗性を向上させて軸受寿命を延ばすのに有効な元素である。脱酸が不十分であると酸化物系非金属介在物が増加し、これが応力集中源となって剥離起点となる微小亀裂が発生、進展し、転がり疲労寿命の低下に繋がる。しかしながら、Siの含有量が0.2重量%未満であると製鋼時の脱酸が十分に行われず、1.3重量%を越えると機械的強度が低下し、しかも鍛造性および被切削性などの加工性が低下する。したがって、Si含有量は0.2〜1.3重量%の範囲内で選ぶべきである。
【0013】
N:0.05〜0.20重量%
Nは普通焼入によって表面硬さをロックウェルC硬さ(HRC)で57以上にするために必要な元素であるが、その含有量が0.05重量%未満ではこの効果は得られず、0.20重量%を越えると内部摩擦値が低下して制振性を阻害する。したがって、N含有量は0.05〜0.20重量%の範囲内で選ぶべきであるが、N含有量は0.09〜0.15重量%の範囲内であることが好ましい。
【0014】
また、この発明の軸受部品においては、上記鋼の特性を損なわない範囲内でCu、Ni、Moなどを含有させることもできる。
【0015】
この発明の方法により製造された軸受部品は、C0.2〜0.6重量%、Cr5.0〜15.0重量%(但し10.0重量%以上は除く)、Si0.2〜1.3重量%、N0.05〜0.20重量%を含有し、残部Feおよび不可避不純物からなる制振鋼よりなるので、優れた靭性および制振性が得られる。また、普通焼入処理によっても高い表面硬さが得られ、表面硬さがHRC63以上となっているので、優れた靭性を有していることと相俟って、トランスミッションなどのように潤滑油中に異物が混入している条件下においても十分な転がり寿命が得られる。しかも、この発明の方法は、加熱してオーステナイト化した後油冷し、ついで深冷処理を施した後焼戻しするだけであるから、上述した従来の軸受部品を製造する場合のように浸炭処理や浸炭窒化処理を施す必要がなく、熱処理コスト、ひいては製造コストが安価になる。
【0016】
この発明の軸受部品の製造方法において、製造する軸受部品が、転がり軸受の軌道輪であることがある。
【0017】
【発明の実施形態】
以下、この発明の実施例を比較例とともに示す。
【0018】
表1に示す組成の7種類の鋼を用意し、各鋼から通常の方法で転がり軸受の軌道輪をつくり、各軌道輪に同じく表1に示す熱処理を施した。そして、表面のHRC を測定した。その結果も表1に示す。
【0019】
【表1】
表1の熱処理の欄の各熱処理条件は次の通りである。
【0020】
浸炭窒化焼入…930℃×3時間浸炭処理後、続いて850℃×5時間窒化処理
して油冷し、ついで180℃×2時間焼戻し。
【0021】
普通焼入1…1050℃×40分間加熱してオーステナイト化した後油冷し、つ
いで深冷処理を施した後180℃×2時間焼戻し。
【0022】
浸炭焼入…930℃×4.5時間浸炭処理後、820℃×20分間加熱して油冷
し、ついで180℃×2時間焼戻し。
【0023】
普通焼入2…840℃×40分間加熱してオーステナイト化した後油冷し、つい
で180℃×2時間焼戻し。
【0024】
表1から明らかなように、実施例1の表面硬さは比較例1〜2の表面硬さと同等であり、比較例3〜6の表面硬さよりも大きくなっている。
【0025】
次に、実施例1および比較例1〜6の各軌道輪と、SPB1からなる保持器と、SUJ2からなる転動体を用いて軸受を組立て、潤滑油としてタービン油VG68を使用し、ラジアル荷重918kgf 、回転数2500rpm 、N数10で寿命試験を行った。
【0026】
その結果、実施例1の軌道輪を用いた軸受の寿命は10×107以上(10×107で打ち切り)であった。一方、比較例3〜6の軌道輪を用いた軸受のB10寿命は9×106であり、実施例1の軌道輪を用いた軸受の寿命は比較例3〜6の軌道輪を用いた軸受の寿命の10倍以上であった。また、比較例1〜2の軌道輪を用いた軸受の寿命は、実施例1の軌道輪を用いた軸受と同様に10×107以上であった。
【0027】
さらに、上記実施例1および比較例3の軌道輪を用いた各軸受について打撃試験による振動減衰を調べた。振動減衰は、外輪(外径62mm)のハンマリングによる加振入力と、この外輪に取付けたピックアップからの出力比(伝達関数)から求めた。
【0028】
その結果。実施例1の軌道輪を用いた軸受の振動減衰比は0.00037、比較例3の軌道輪を用いた軸受の振動減衰比は0.00022であり、実施例1の軌道輪を用いた軸受の振動減衰効果が優れていた。しかも、実施例1の軌道輪を用いた軸受の振動減衰効果は、比較例1〜2の軌道輪を用いた軸受の振動減衰効果と同程度であった。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing bearing parts such as rolling elements and races for bearings that require high vibration damping.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent machinery and equipment, quietness has become an important factor in quality evaluation, combined with high performance and high accuracy, and there is an increasing demand for bearings for this quietness. Yes.
[0003]
For example, in a gear support rolling bearing of a transmission, there is an event in which meshing vibration of a gear is transmitted to a case using the bearing as a vibration transmission path and becomes manifest as vibration noise. Due to the design of the transmission, it is difficult to install a member having a vibration damping effect between the bearing and the case in terms of space and increased meshing vibration due to a decrease in rigidity.
[0004]
Therefore, the applicant previously contains 0.2 to 0.6% by weight of C, 5.0 to 15.0% by weight of Cr, and 0.2 to 1.3% by weight of Si, and is composed of the remaining Fe and inevitable impurities. A bearing component made of vibration-damping steel and subjected to carburizing or carbonitriding and having a hardened layer formed on the surface has been proposed (see Patent Document 1).
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-5-125488 (Claim 1)
The conventional bearing component described above contains C 0.2 to 0.6 wt%, Cr 5.0 to 15.0 wt%, Si 0.2 to 1.3 wt%, and the vibration damping composed of the balance Fe and inevitable impurities. Because it is made of steel, high vibration damping can be obtained. In addition, since a hardened layer is formed on the surface by carburizing treatment or carbonitriding treatment, a bearing provided with this bearing component is used in lubricating oil, such as a rolling bearing for gear support of a transmission, for example. Even when used under conditions where foreign matter is mixed, a sufficient rolling fatigue life can be obtained.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention and effects of the invention]
However, in the conventional bearing parts, since it is necessary to form a hardened surface layer by carburizing treatment or carbonitriding treatment, there is a problem that the heat treatment cost is increased, and as a result, the manufacturing cost is increased.
[0007]
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a bearing part that solves the above-described problems and that can manufacture a bearing part having high vibration damping properties and that is low in manufacturing cost.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems and Effects of the Invention]
The manufacturing method of the bearing component according to the present invention includes C 0.2 to 0.6% by weight, Cr 5.0 to 15.0% by weight (excluding 10.0% by weight or more) , Si 0.2 to 1.3% by weight. , N0.05-0.20% by weight, made of damping steel consisting of the balance Fe and inevitable impurities, then heated to austenite, oil-cooled, then deep-cooled and tempered The surface hardness is 63 or more in terms of Rockwell hardness.
[0009]
The reasons for limiting the alloy components are as follows.
[0010]
C: 0.2 to 0.6% by weight
If the C content is less than 0.2% by weight, the desired surface hardness cannot be obtained by ordinary quenching. If the C content exceeds 0.6% by weight, in the steel containing the above amount of Cr, giant carbides are obtained. Is not easily obtained, and sufficient toughness cannot be obtained, and a microcrack serving as a separation starting point is easily generated and propagated, so that the rolling fatigue life is shortened. In addition, as the C content increases, the internal friction value decreases to inhibit vibration damping. Therefore, the C content should be selected within the range of 0.2 to 0.6% by weight.
[0011]
Cr: 5.0 to 15.0% by weight (excluding 10.0% by weight or more)
Cr has the property of improving vibration damping properties, but if its content is less than 5.0% by weight, this effect cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 15.0% by weight, giant carbides are likely to be formed, and sufficient toughness is achieved. It is not obtained, and a microcrack that becomes a starting point of peeling is generated and progresses easily, and the rolling fatigue life is shortened. Therefore, the Cr content should be selected within the range of 5.0 to 15.0% by weight .
[0012]
Si: 0.2 to 1.3% by weight
Si is an element necessary for deoxidation at the time of steelmaking, and is an element effective for improving the solid solution strengthening and tempering softening resistance and extending the bearing life. If deoxidation is insufficient, oxide-based non-metallic inclusions increase, and this becomes a stress concentration source, and microcracks that start from peeling are generated and propagated, leading to a reduction in rolling fatigue life. However, if the Si content is less than 0.2% by weight, deoxidation is not sufficiently performed at the time of steel making, and if it exceeds 1.3% by weight, the mechanical strength is lowered, and forgeability and machinability are also reduced. The workability of is reduced. Therefore, the Si content should be selected within the range of 0.2 to 1.3% by weight.
[0013]
N: 0.05-0.20% by weight
N is an element necessary for the surface hardness to be 57 or more in Rockwell C hardness (HRC) by ordinary quenching, but if the content is less than 0.05% by weight, this effect cannot be obtained. If it exceeds 0.20% by weight, the internal friction value is lowered to inhibit the vibration damping. Therefore, the N content should be selected within the range of 0.05 to 0.20% by weight, but the N content is preferably within the range of 0.09 to 0.15% by weight.
[0014]
Moreover, in the bearing component of this invention , Cu , Ni, Mo, etc. can also be contained in the range which does not impair the characteristic of the said steel.
[0015]
The bearing parts manufactured by the method of the present invention include C 0.2 to 0.6 wt%, Cr 5.0 to 15.0 wt% (excluding 10.0 wt% or more) , Si 0.2 to 1.3 Since it is made of vibration-damping steel containing 0.5% by weight and N 0.05 to 0.20% by weight, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, excellent toughness and vibration-damping properties can be obtained. Also, high surface hardness is obtained by ordinary quenching treatment, and the surface hardness is HRC63 or higher. A sufficient rolling life can be obtained even under conditions where foreign matter is mixed in. Moreover, since the method of the present invention only involves heating and austenitizing, then oil cooling, then deep cooling treatment and tempering, carburization treatment or the like as in the case of manufacturing the conventional bearing parts described above. There is no need to perform a carbonitriding process, and the heat treatment cost and thus the manufacturing cost is reduced.
[0016]
The method of manufacturing a bearing component of the present invention, bearing components to be produced, it may be bearing ring of the rolling bearing.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Examples of the present invention will be described below together with comparative examples.
[0018]
Seven types of steels having the compositions shown in Table 1 were prepared, and rolling bearing race rings were made from each steel by a normal method, and each race ring was similarly subjected to the heat treatment shown in Table 1. The surface HRC was then measured. The results are also shown in Table 1.
[0019]
[Table 1]
Each heat treatment condition in the column of heat treatment in Table 1 is as follows.
[0020]
Carbonitriding and quenching: Carburizing treatment at 930 ° C. for 3 hours, followed by nitriding treatment at 850 ° C. for 5 hours, oil cooling, and then tempering at 180 ° C. for 2 hours.
[0021]
Normal quenching 1 ... Heated at 1050 ° C for 40 minutes to austenite, then oil cooled, then deep-cooled and then tempered at 180 ° C for 2 hours.
[0022]
Carburizing and quenching: After carburizing at 930 ° C for 4.5 hours, heat at 820 ° C for 20 minutes to cool down the oil, then temper at 180 ° C for 2 hours.
[0023]
Ordinary quenching 2 ... Heated to 840 ° C for 40 minutes to form austenite, then cooled with oil, and then tempered at 180 ° C for 2 hours.
[0024]
As apparent from Table 1, the surface hardness of Example 1 is equivalent to the surface hardness of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and is larger than the surface hardness of Comparative Examples 3 to 6.
[0025]
Next, the bearings are assembled using the raceways of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6, the cage made of SPB1, and the rolling elements made of SUJ2, and turbine oil VG68 is used as the lubricating oil, and the radial load is 918 kgf. The life test was conducted at a rotational speed of 2500 rpm and an N number of 10.
[0026]
As a result, the life of the bearing using the raceway of Example 1 was 10 × 10 7 or more (censored at 10 × 10 7 ). On the other hand, the B 10 life of the bearing using the bearing rings of Comparative Examples 3 to 6 is 9 × 10 6 , and the life of the bearing using the bearing ring of Example 1 is that of the bearing rings of Comparative Examples 3 to 6. More than 10 times the life of the bearing. Further, the life of the bearings using the bearing rings of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was 10 × 10 7 or more like the bearings using the bearing rings of Example 1.
[0027]
Furthermore, the vibration damping by the impact test was examined for each bearing using the raceway of Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 above. The vibration attenuation was obtained from the vibration input by hammering the outer ring (outer diameter 62 mm) and the output ratio (transfer function) from the pickup attached to the outer ring.
[0028]
as a result. The vibration damping ratio of the bearing using the bearing ring of Example 1 is 0.00037, and the vibration damping ratio of the bearing using the bearing ring of Comparative Example 3 is 0.00022. The bearing using the bearing ring of Example 1 The vibration damping effect of was excellent. In addition, the vibration damping effect of the bearing using the raceway of Example 1 was almost the same as the vibration damping effect of the bearing using the raceway of Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002309805A JP4378932B2 (en) | 2002-10-24 | 2002-10-24 | Manufacturing method of bearing parts |
| US10/829,162 US20040194860A1 (en) | 2002-10-24 | 2004-04-22 | Bearing parts |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002309805A JP4378932B2 (en) | 2002-10-24 | 2002-10-24 | Manufacturing method of bearing parts |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2004143533A JP2004143533A (en) | 2004-05-20 |
| JP4378932B2 true JP4378932B2 (en) | 2009-12-09 |
Family
ID=32455507
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002309805A Expired - Fee Related JP4378932B2 (en) | 2002-10-24 | 2002-10-24 | Manufacturing method of bearing parts |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20040194860A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4378932B2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3588935B2 (en) * | 1995-10-19 | 2004-11-17 | 日本精工株式会社 | Rolling bearings and other rolling devices |
| GB2324305B (en) * | 1997-04-16 | 2000-05-24 | Nsk Ltd | Rolling member |
| JP2000337389A (en) * | 1999-03-19 | 2000-12-05 | Nsk Ltd | Rolling bearing |
-
2002
- 2002-10-24 JP JP2002309805A patent/JP4378932B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-04-22 US US10/829,162 patent/US20040194860A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2004143533A (en) | 2004-05-20 |
| US20040194860A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
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