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JP4380184B2 - Storage battery grid and lead storage battery using the same - Google Patents
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JP4380184B2 - Storage battery grid and lead storage battery using the same - Google Patents

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JP4380184B2
JP4380184B2 JP2003066488A JP2003066488A JP4380184B2 JP 4380184 B2 JP4380184 B2 JP 4380184B2 JP 2003066488 A JP2003066488 A JP 2003066488A JP 2003066488 A JP2003066488 A JP 2003066488A JP 4380184 B2 JP4380184 B2 JP 4380184B2
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storage battery
slits
grid
minimum
lattice
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JP2004273400A (en
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善博 村田
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Panasonic Corp
Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Panasonic Corp
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、エキスパンド網目を有した蓄電池用格子体とそれを用いた鉛蓄電池に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、鉛蓄電池の格子体は生産性を向上させるため、鋳造工法による生産から、Pb−Ca合金を圧延により薄いシートとし、エキスパンド加工を施し連続的に格子体が生産できるエキスパンド工法が主流となってきている。このエキスパンド工法には、レシプロ方式とロータリー方式に大別される。
【0003】
レシプロ方式では例えば特許文献1に示されたように加工刃を階段状に配置したエキスパンド型を用いて一方向から鉛合金シートをプレスする。その時に加工刃と下刃とのせん断によって鉛合金シートに千鳥状のスリットを形成するとともに、加工刃の先端によってスリット間に挟まれた線状部を展開し、エキスパンド網目が形成される。このようなレシプロ方式によるエキスパンド加工では展開がシート厚み方向の一方向のみに行われる。
【0004】
一方、ロータリー方式では例えば特許文献2の第1図に示されているように、回転する円板状カッターの円周上に配置した凸部によりストリップ(鉛合金シートに相当)にスリットを形成する。同時にスリットで挟まれた線状部をストリップの上下方向に円弧状に成形し(特許文献2の第15図)、線状部と線状部との間の断続部を交互に切断することによって(特許文献2の第16図)、スリットを千鳥状とする。その後、ストリップを幅方向に展開することによって(特許文献2の第18図)、エキスパンド網目を形成する。
【0005】
このロータリー方式で加工された格子体と前述したレシプロ方式の格子体との本質的な差はレシプロ方式では展開方向がシート厚み方向のみであることに対し、ロータリー方式ではシート厚み方向に円弧状に塑性変形により突出させた後、シート幅方向に展開する、すなわち、展開がシート厚み方向と幅方向の異なる2方向に行われることである。したがって、ロータリー式によるものでは、格子骨に捩れが発生する。
【0006】
このようなロータリー方式ではスリット形成の工程が回転する円板状カッターで行われるため、レシプロ式のようにエキスパンド型を往復運動する工法に比較して加工速度を向上する上で有利である。また、網目寸法を小さくする場合、レシプロ式では網目寸法を小さくした分、プレス単位ストローク当たりの鉛合金シートの加工速度は遅くなる。ところがロータリー方式では鉛合金シートの加工速度は円板状カッターの回転数で決定され、網目寸法による影響を受けない。
【0007】
したがって、エキスパンド格子体の集電効率を高める目的で網目寸法を小さくする場合にはロータリー方式がレシプロ式に比較して加工速度の面で有利であり、始動用鉛蓄電池をはじめとする各種の鉛蓄電池に適用されるようになってきている。
【0008】
このように、ロータリー方式はレシプロ方式に比較して生産性に優れる。ところが、このロータリー方式によるエキスパンド格子体を正極に用いて鉛蓄電池を作成した場合、レシプロ方式のそれと比較して充電−放電の繰り返しによる正極格子の高さ方向に対する伸びが大きくなる傾向があることが判ってきた。
【0009】
ロータリー方式のエキスパンド格子体がレシプロ方式のものに比較して伸び量が大きくなる要因は定かではない。ロータリー方式によるものはその製造過程において、格子骨となる線状部は前記したように異なる2方向に展開伸長する過程で格子骨に捩れが生じる。この捩れは格子と活物質との接触面積を増加させる反面、格子表面積が増加することにより、腐食量が増加したためと推測される。
【0010】
そして、正極での格子の伸びが大きくなった場合、正極格子の上辺が負極ストラップと接触して短絡する。
【0011】
この短絡の結果、蓄電池容量が急激に低下して蓄電池は寿命に至る。このような短絡による寿命低下は、その発生直前まで何らの支障なく蓄電池を使用できているにかかわらず、前触れなく突然発生することが多い。したがって、蓄電池の使用者は蓄電池の劣化を自覚することなく、突然、蓄電池寿命に直面する。特に車両用の蓄電池の場合には、道路上で突然走行不能となるため、このような突然の寿命低下は使用者にとって最も好ましくない故障であった。
【0012】
【特許文献1】
特開平8−273673号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平3−204126号公報
【0013】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、ロータリー方式のように、Pb−Ca合金シートにスリット形成して得た線状部をシート両面に上下方向に円弧状に突出させ、その後シートを幅方向に展開伸長することによって、異なる2方向に展開伸長して得たエキスパンド格子体を正極に用いて得た鉛蓄電池において、正極エキスパンド格子体の伸びと、これによる負極との短絡を抑制する。これにより突然寿命低下に至る事なく、寿命特性に優れた鉛蓄電池を提供するものである。
【0014】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記した課題を解決するために、本発明の請求項1に係る発明は、複数の凸状刃を配置したカッターをPb−Ca合金シートの両面から押し入れて鉛合金シート上に複数条の断続したスリットを互いに平行に形成するとともに、互いに平行に隣接しあうスリットで構成された線状部を前記鉛合金シート厚み方向に突出させて塑性変形させ、前記スリット間の断続部を交互に切断することにより、前記スリットを千鳥状とし、前記スリットを展開して得た、ロータリー方式によるエキスパンド網目を有した蓄電池の正極に用いる格子体であって、このエキスパンド網目に一体に形成された上枠骨と下枠骨を備えるとともに、前記上枠骨に一体に集電耳を有し、前記エキスパンド網目の交点部の幅寸法(W)が最小となる部分を前記格子体の高さ方向に対して前記エキスパンド網目の上部から55%〜80%の範囲内に列状に配置したことを特徴とする蓄電池用格子体を示すものである。
【0015】
また、本発明の請求項2に係る発明は、請求項1の蓄電池用格子体において、最小部の交点部の幅寸法をW、前記最小部に上方向に隣接する交点部の幅寸法をWa、前記最小部に下方向に隣接する交点部の幅寸法をWbとした時に、比率(W/Wa)および比率(W/Wb)を0.57〜0.86としたことを特徴とするものである。
【0016】
さらに本発明の請求項3に係る発明は、請求項1もしくは2の蓄電池用格子体を用いた鉛蓄電池を示すものである。
【0017】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の実施の形態による蓄電池の正極に用いる格子体とその製造過程を図面を用いて説明する。
【0018】
図1は本発明による蓄電池用格子体の製造に用いるロータリーエキスパンド用の円板状カッター101を示す図である。円板状カッター101の円周上には凸状刃102と平坦部103とが交互に形成されている。図1に示した円板状カッター101の複数枚が間隔を介して積層することによって、図2に示すカッターロール105を形成し、このカッターロール105の一対を組み合わせてカッターロール対106が構成される。
【0019】
なお、この互いに対向するカッターロール105において各々の円板状カッター101に設けた凸状刃102同士が対向するように組み合わされている。
【0020】
そしてカッターロール105を矢印A方向に回転させ、鉛合金シート107をカッターロール対106間に供給する。その結果、図2および図3に示したように、鉛合金シート107は対向する凸状刃102によってせん断され、複数条の断続したスリット108が形成される。また、同時にスリット108で挟まれた線状部109は凸状刃102の先端によって塑性変形を受け、鉛合金シート107の表裏面に円弧状に張り出す。
【0021】
なお、鉛合金シートとしては加工性および耐食性の観点で0.03〜0.10質量%程度のCa、0.80〜1.80質量%程度のSnを含む鉛合金の圧延シートで構成することが好ましい。
【0022】
次工程でスリット108間の断続部110を交互に切断することによって、図4に示すように、スリット108を千鳥状とする。そして鉛合金シート107を幅方向に展開するとともに、スリット108を形成しない無地部111から集電用の耳部202を成型することにより図5に示す蓄電池用の格子体201を得る。この格子体201はエキスパンド網目203と下枠骨204および耳部202を一体に設けた上枠骨205からなる。
【0023】
また、エキスパンド網目203は線状部109が展開伸長されてできた骨部206と図5に示した断続部110に対応した交点部207で構成される。
【0024】
本発明による蓄電池用の格子体201はエキスパンド網目203の交点部207の幅寸法(W)が最小となる部分(以下、最小部208)を格子体201の高さ方向に対してエキスパンド網目203の上部から55%〜80%の範囲内に列状に設定するものである。すなわち、エキスパンド網目203の高さ寸法をH、エキスパンド網目203の上端から最小部208までの高さ方向の寸法をLとしたときに、比率(L/H)を0.55以上、0.80以下とするものである。
【0025】
このような本発明の格子体を正極に用いて鉛蓄電池を構成すれば、鉛蓄電池の急激な寿命低下を抑制し、寿命特性を顕著に改善することができる。本発明の蓄電池用格子体では最小部208が優先的に腐食により断線させることによって、正極板の上方向への変形を緩和し、負極との短絡による急激な寿命低下を抑制する。
【0026】
また、最小部208のエキスパンド網目203の上端からの位置を規定することによって、最小部208が断線した場合でも寿命特性の急激な低下を抑制し、全体としては寿命期間にわたって、蓄電池容量は緩やかに低下する。このような緩やかに容量が低下する特性は蓄電池の使用者に蓄電池の劣化を自覚させ、適切な保守点検や交換の目安となり、使用上、好ましいものである。
【0027】
この最小部208の位置を示す比率(L/H)を0.80を越えて大きくした場合、最小部208で断線した場合でも格子体201の上方への変形が発生し、負極棚と短絡する可能性がある。また、比率(L/H)を0.55未満とした場合、最小部208の腐食断線した場合に、格子体201の変形は抑制できるものの、腐食断線によって放電反応に寄与できる活物質量が急激に低下し、結果として容量低下が激しくなる。したがって、本発明の効果を顕著に得るためには比率(L/H)を0.55以上、0.80以下とする。
【0028】
なお、交点部の幅寸法は図4に示した鉛合金シート107におけるスリット108間の断続部110の長さ寸法(k)に対応する。また、この長さ寸法(k)図1に示した円板状カッター101の平坦部103の長さ寸法(k´)とカッターロール対106の噛み合わせ量によって設定することができる。
【0029】
また、最小部208周辺のエキスパンド網目203の一部を図6に示したが、最小部208の幅寸法をWとした時に、最小部208の上方向に隣接する交点部A(209)の幅寸法をWa、最小部208の下方向に隣接する交点部B(210)の幅寸法をWbとした時に、比率(W/Wa)および比率(W/Wb)を0.57〜0.86とすることが好ましい。
【0030】
これらの比率(W/Wa)および(W/Wb)を0.86を越えて大きくした場合には最小部208で確実に腐食断線できない場合があり、本発明の効果が薄れる可能性がある。またこれらの比率を0.57未満とした場合にはエキスパンド加工時において、最小部208で断線が生じ、エキスパンド加工不良が発生するために好ましくない。したがって、本発明の効果を有効かつ、生産性に支障なく得るためにはこれらの比率(W/Wa)および(W/Wb)を0.57〜0.86とすることが好ましい。
【0031】
そしてこのようにして得られた本発明の蓄電池用格子体を正極に用い、以降の工程については常法を用いることにより本発明による鉛蓄電池を得ることができる。
【0032】
なお、ここで本発明の蓄電池用格子体を製造する過程で、スリット108を形成する工程とスリット108間の断続部109を交互に切断する工程とを段階的に行う方法の例を述べたが、例えば特許文献2に記載されたようにこれらの工程を同時に行うことも可能である。
【0033】
この場合には図1に示した円板状カッター101に替えて図7に示した円板状カッター301を用いる。この円板状カッター301は図8にその要部を示したように凸状刃102の間に設けた平坦部103の側面のいずれか一方に薄肉部302を交互に設ける。そして、円板状カッター301がかみ合わされた状態で隣接する円板状カッター301の薄肉部302同士が対向する部分と薄肉部302を形成しない面同士が対向した部分が交互になるとともに、対向する平坦部103同士が噛み合うよう、カッターロール対を配置する。
【0034】
このような構成によれば薄肉部302同士が対向し部分は逃げ部となって、断続部110は切断されない。一方、薄肉部302を形成しない面同士が対向する部分は噛み合わされた平坦部103でせん断部が形成され、これに対応する断続部110が切断される。その結果、断続スリット形成とスリット間の断続部を交互に切断する工程とが同一のカッターロール対内で行われ、一工程で千鳥状スリットを形成できる点で有利である。
【0035】
【実施例】
以下に本発明によって得た格子体と比較例によって得た格子体を正極に使用した鉛蓄電池の寿命について説明する。
【0036】
前記した発明の実施の形態において説明した方法によりエキスパンド格子体を作成した。但し、図5に示す格子体201においてエキスパンド網目203の高さ寸法Hを100mmとし、エキスパンド網目203の上端から最小部208までの高さ方向の寸法Lを変化させることによって、比率(L/H)を様々に変化させた、本発明例による格子体と比較例による格子体を作成した。なお、図6に示した最小部208の幅寸法Wを変化させる一方で、他の交点部の幅寸法をすべて1.4mmとすることによって最小部208の上方向に隣接する交点部A(209)の幅寸法(Wa)および最小部208の下方向に隣接する交点部B(210)の幅寸法(Wb)に対する幅寸法(W)の比率を様々に変化させた。なお、鉛合金シート107としてはPb−0.05質量%Ca−1.40質量%Snの圧延シートを用いた。
【0037】
これらの格子体には常法により鉛粉を水、希硫酸で練合して得たペースト状の活物質を充填し、熟成乾燥させることにより正極板とした。この正極板7枚と常法による負極板を微孔性ポリエチレンからなるセパレータで袋詰めしたもの8枚とを組み合わせ、希硫酸を電解液とする公称12V定格容量55Ahである80D26形(JIS D5301)の始動用鉛蓄電池を作製した。
【0038】
また、さらに比較例として上記の各電池の正極格子体に替えて同じ鉛合金シートを用いてレシプロ式によって得た正極格子体を用いた電池を作成した。これらの電池の構成を表1に示した。
【0039】
【表1】

Figure 0004380184
【0040】
表1に示す各電池について寿命試験を行った。寿命試験方法として試験電池を14.8V定電圧で10分間充電を行った後に25A放電を2分間行う充電−放電サイクルを行った。充電−放電サイクルの480サイクル毎に582A放電を行い、電池の端子電圧が7.2Vまで低下した時点で寿命とした。なお、この充電−放電のサイクルは75℃雰囲気中で、480サイクル毎の582A放電は電池を25℃雰囲気中に放置して電池温度を25℃とした状態で行った。
【0041】
これらの各電池の寿命サイクル結果を表1に示す。表1に示した結果から明らかなように本発明の鉛蓄電池、すなわち、エキスパンド網目203の高さ寸法H、エキスパンド網目203の上端から最小部208までの高さ方向の寸法Lとした時の比率(L/H)を0.55〜0.80としたものは比較例の鉛蓄電池よりも顕著に優れた寿命特性を有していることがわかる。
【0042】
また、本発明例の電池Fと比較例の電池Bおよび電池Iの寿命試験における放電時の電池電圧の推移を図9に示す。図9に示した結果から、本発明例の電池Fでは比較的電圧変化が緩やかであるのに対し、比較例の電池Bおよび電池Iでは急激な電圧の低下が認められた。
【0043】
これらの電池を寿命試験終了後に分解したところ、比較例の電池Bはエキスパンド格子体に設けた最小部で格子が腐食断線していた。したがって、この最小部以下の部位の活物質が放電に寄与できず、急激に寿命低下したものと推測できる。また、比較例の電池Iではエキスパンド格子体の上枠骨が上方に変形し、負極棚と短絡して寿命に至っていた。
【0044】
一方、本発明例の電池Bでは比較例Iの電池で見られたような格子体の変形が若干見られたが、負極棚と短絡するまでには至っていなかった。また、電池Bの正極活物質は全体に軟化が進行しており、これによって緩やかに寿命低下したと考えられる。
【0045】
また、交点部の幅寸法の比率に関して、すなわち、比率(W/Wa)および比率(W/Wb)は0.57〜0.86の範囲で特に寿命特性が優れていた。また、これらの比率を0.57未満とした電池F1では寿命が低下したが、これはエキスパンド格子体を作成する段階で骨切れが発生していたためと推測される。さらにこれらの比率を0.93とした電池F3では寿命改善効果が若干低下する。したがって、本発明の効果を特に顕著に得るためにはこれらの比率(W/Wa)および(W/Wb)を0.57〜0.86の範囲内とすることが好ましい。
【0046】
また、正極格子体としてレシプロ式によるエキスパンド格子体を用いた電池については比率(L/H)や比率(W/Wa)および(W/Wb)の変化が寿命特性に及ぼす影響は少なかった。したがって、本発明の構成はロータリ方式のように、異なる2方向に展開伸長が行われるエキスパンド格子体に適用することにより顕著な効果が得られることがわかる。
【0047】
【発明の効果】
以上、説明してきたように本発明の構成によれば、ロータリー方式のような互いに異なる2方向へ展開伸長して得たエキスパンド網目を正極格子体に用いる場合においても正極格子の変形を抑制し、長寿命の蓄電池を得ることができる。法による格子体の生産が可能となったことにより、寿命特性の優れた蓄電池を生産性良く得ることができる。また、本発明の電池では短絡を抑制することによって、突然の寿命低下を防ぎ、電圧特性が緩やかに低下するため、蓄電池の使用者に保守点検の必要性を認識させることができるという効果をも得ることができることから、工業上、極めて有用である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】蓄電池用格子体の製造に用いる円板状カッターを示す図
【図2】蓄電池用格子体の製造工程を示す図
【図3】エキスパンド網目形成途上にある鉛合金シートを示す図
【図4】エキスパンド網目形成途上にある鉛合金シートを示す図
【図5】蓄電池用の格子体を示す図
【図6】エキスパンド網目の要部を示す図
【図7】他の円板状カッターを示す図
【図8】円板状カッターの要部を示す図
【図9】本発明例および比較例の電池の寿命特性を示す図
【符号の説明】
101 円板状カッター
102 凸状刃
103 平坦部
104 薄肉部
105 カッターロール
106 カッターロール対
107 鉛合金シート
108 スリット
109 線状部
110 断続部
111 無地部
201 格子体
202 耳部
203 エキスパンド網目
204 下枠骨
205 上枠骨
206 骨部
207 交点部
208 最小部
209 交点部A
210 交点部B
301 円板状カッター
302 薄肉部[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a storage battery grid having an expanded mesh and a lead storage battery using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, in order to improve the productivity of lead-acid battery grids, the expansion method has become the mainstream from the production by casting method to the Pb-Ca alloy rolled into a thin sheet, which can be expanded and continuously produced. It is coming. This expanding method is roughly divided into a reciprocating method and a rotary method.
[0003]
In the reciprocating method, for example, as shown in Patent Document 1, a lead alloy sheet is pressed from one direction using an expanding die in which processing blades are arranged stepwise. At that time, a staggered slit is formed in the lead alloy sheet by shearing between the processing blade and the lower blade, and a linear portion sandwiched between the slits is developed by the tip of the processing blade to form an expanded mesh. In such an expansion process by the reciprocating method, development is performed only in one direction in the sheet thickness direction.
[0004]
On the other hand, in the rotary system, for example, as shown in FIG. 1 of Patent Document 2, a slit is formed in a strip (corresponding to a lead alloy sheet) by convex portions arranged on the circumference of a rotating disk-shaped cutter. . At the same time, the linear portion sandwiched between the slits is formed into an arc shape in the vertical direction of the strip (FIG. 15 of Patent Document 2), and the intermittent portions between the linear portion and the linear portion are alternately cut. (FIG. 16 of Patent Document 2), the slits are staggered. Then, an expanded mesh is formed by developing the strip in the width direction (FIG. 18 of Patent Document 2).
[0005]
The essential difference between the lattice processed by this rotary method and the above-mentioned reciprocal lattice is that the reciprocating method has only the sheet thickness direction in the development direction, whereas the rotary method has an arc shape in the sheet thickness direction. After projecting by plastic deformation, the sheet is developed in the sheet width direction, that is, the development is performed in two directions different from each other in the sheet thickness direction and the width direction. Accordingly, in the rotary type, the lattice bone is twisted.
[0006]
In such a rotary method, the slit forming process is performed by a rotating disk-shaped cutter, which is advantageous in improving the processing speed as compared with a method of reciprocating an expanding mold like the reciprocating method. Further, when the mesh size is reduced, in the reciprocating system, the processing speed of the lead alloy sheet per press unit stroke is reduced by the amount that the mesh size is reduced. However, in the rotary method, the processing speed of the lead alloy sheet is determined by the number of rotations of the disk-shaped cutter and is not affected by the mesh size.
[0007]
Therefore, when the mesh size is reduced for the purpose of increasing the current collection efficiency of the expanded grid, the rotary method is more advantageous in terms of processing speed than the reciprocating method. It has come to be applied to storage batteries.
[0008]
Thus, the rotary method is superior to the reciprocating method in productivity. However, when a lead-acid battery is produced using the expanded grid body of this rotary system for the positive electrode, there is a tendency that the elongation in the height direction of the positive grid due to repeated charge-discharge is larger than that of the reciprocating system. I understand.
[0009]
The reason why the expansion amount of the rotary type expanding lattice is larger than that of the reciprocating type is not clear. In the rotary method, twisting occurs in the lattice bone in the process of manufacturing and expanding the linear portions that become the lattice bone in two different directions as described above. Although this twist increases the contact area between the lattice and the active material, it is presumed that the amount of corrosion is increased by increasing the lattice surface area.
[0010]
And when the elongation of the grid at the positive electrode becomes large, the upper side of the positive grid contacts the negative strap and short-circuits.
[0011]
As a result of this short circuit, the storage battery capacity rapidly decreases and the storage battery reaches the end of its life. Such a decrease in life due to a short circuit often occurs abruptly without notice even though the storage battery can be used without any trouble until just before the occurrence. Accordingly, the user of the storage battery suddenly faces the life of the storage battery without being aware of the deterioration of the storage battery. In particular, in the case of a storage battery for a vehicle, the vehicle suddenly becomes unable to run on the road, and such a sudden decrease in life is the most unfavorable failure for the user.
[0012]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-8-273673 [Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-204126 [0013]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention, like a rotary system, by projecting a linear part obtained by slitting a Pb-Ca alloy sheet in an arc shape in the vertical direction on both sides of the sheet, and then expanding and expanding the sheet in the width direction, In the lead storage battery obtained by using the expanded lattice obtained by expanding and extending in two different directions as the positive electrode, the expansion of the positive expanded lattice and the short circuit with the negative electrode due to this are suppressed. Accordingly, the present invention provides a lead storage battery having excellent life characteristics without suddenly reducing the life.
[0014]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 1 of the present invention is configured such that a plurality of intermittent blades are inserted on a lead alloy sheet by pressing a cutter having a plurality of convex blades from both sides of the Pb-Ca alloy sheet. The slits are formed in parallel with each other, and linear portions composed of slits adjacent to each other in parallel are protruded in the lead alloy sheet thickness direction to be plastically deformed, and intermittent portions between the slits are alternately cut. The slit is formed in a staggered pattern, and is obtained by expanding the slit, and is a lattice body used for a positive electrode of a storage battery having an expanded mesh by a rotary method, and an upper frame bone integrally formed with the expanded mesh A portion having a lower frame bone, a current collecting ear integrally with the upper frame bone, and having a minimum width dimension (W) of an intersection portion of the expanded mesh is a height of the lattice body. It shows a storage battery grid characterized in that arranged in the rows from the top of the expanded mesh in the range of 55% to 80% relative improvement.
[0015]
Further, the invention according to claim 2 of the present invention is the storage battery grid according to claim 1, wherein the width dimension of the intersection part of the minimum part is W, and the width dimension of the intersection part adjacent to the minimum part in the upward direction is Wa The ratio (W / Wa) and the ratio (W / Wb) are set to 0.57 to 0.86 when the width dimension of the intersection portion adjacent to the minimum portion in the downward direction is Wb. It is.
[0016]
Further, the invention according to claim 3 of the present invention shows a lead storage battery using the storage battery grid of claim 1 or 2.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A lattice used for a positive electrode of a storage battery according to an embodiment of the present invention and a manufacturing process thereof will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0018]
FIG. 1 is a view showing a disk cutter 101 for rotary expansion used for manufacturing a grid for a storage battery according to the present invention. Convex blades 102 and flat portions 103 are alternately formed on the circumference of the disk-shaped cutter 101. A plurality of the disk-shaped cutters 101 shown in FIG. 1 are stacked with a gap therebetween to form the cutter roll 105 shown in FIG. 2, and a pair of cutter rolls 105 is combined to form a cutter roll pair 106. The
[0019]
In addition, the cutter blades 105 that are opposed to each other are combined so that the convex blades 102 provided on the respective disk-shaped cutters 101 face each other.
[0020]
Then, the cutter roll 105 is rotated in the direction of arrow A, and the lead alloy sheet 107 is supplied between the cutter roll pair 106. As a result, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the lead alloy sheet 107 is sheared by the opposed convex blades 102 to form a plurality of intermittent slits 108. At the same time, the linear portion 109 sandwiched between the slits 108 is plastically deformed by the tip of the convex blade 102 and projects in an arc shape on the front and back surfaces of the lead alloy sheet 107.
[0021]
The lead alloy sheet is composed of a rolled sheet of lead alloy containing about 0.03 to 0.10% by mass of Ca and about 0.80 to 1.80% by mass of Sn in terms of workability and corrosion resistance. Is preferred.
[0022]
In the next step, the intermittent portions 110 between the slits 108 are alternately cut to make the slits 108 staggered as shown in FIG. Then, the lead alloy sheet 107 is developed in the width direction, and the current collecting ear portion 202 is molded from the plain portion 111 where the slit 108 is not formed, whereby the storage battery lattice body 201 shown in FIG. 5 is obtained. This lattice body 201 is composed of an expanded mesh 203, a lower frame bone 204, and an upper frame bone 205 provided integrally with an ear portion 202.
[0023]
The expanded mesh 203 includes a bone portion 206 formed by expanding and extending the linear portion 109 and an intersection portion 207 corresponding to the intermittent portion 110 shown in FIG.
[0024]
The grid body 201 for a storage battery according to the present invention has a portion (hereinafter referred to as a minimum portion 208) in which the width dimension (W) of the intersection portion 207 of the expanded mesh 203 is minimum (hereinafter referred to as the minimum portion 208) of the expanded mesh 203 with respect to the height direction of the grid body 201. It is set in a line within a range of 55% to 80% from the top. That is, when the height dimension of the expanded mesh 203 is H and the dimension in the height direction from the upper end of the expanded mesh 203 to the minimum portion 208 is L, the ratio (L / H) is 0.55 or more and 0.80. It is as follows.
[0025]
If a lead storage battery is configured using such a grid body of the present invention for the positive electrode, it is possible to suppress a rapid decrease in the life of the lead storage battery and to significantly improve the life characteristics. In the storage battery grid of the present invention, the minimum portion 208 is preferentially disconnected by corrosion, so that the upward deformation of the positive electrode plate is alleviated, and a rapid decrease in life due to a short circuit with the negative electrode is suppressed.
[0026]
In addition, by defining the position of the minimum portion 208 from the upper end of the expanded mesh 203, even if the minimum portion 208 is disconnected, a rapid decrease in the life characteristics is suppressed, and as a whole, the storage battery capacity is moderated over the lifetime. descend. Such a characteristic that the capacity is gradually decreased makes the user of the storage battery aware of the deterioration of the storage battery, which is a guideline for appropriate maintenance inspection and replacement, which is preferable in use.
[0027]
When the ratio (L / H) indicating the position of the minimum portion 208 is increased beyond 0.80, even when the minimum portion 208 is disconnected, the lattice body 201 is deformed upward and short-circuited with the negative electrode shelf. there is a possibility. Further, when the ratio (L / H) is less than 0.55, the deformation of the grid 201 can be suppressed when the corrosion of the minimum portion 208 is broken, but the amount of active material that can contribute to the discharge reaction due to the corrosion breakage is abrupt. As a result, the capacity drop becomes severe. Therefore, in order to obtain the effect of the present invention remarkably, the ratio (L / H) is set to 0.55 or more and 0.80 or less.
[0028]
In addition, the width dimension of an intersection part respond | corresponds to the length dimension (k) of the intermittent part 110 between the slits 108 in the lead alloy sheet 107 shown in FIG. Further, the length dimension (k) can be set by the length dimension (k ′) of the flat portion 103 of the disc-shaped cutter 101 shown in FIG.
[0029]
Further, a part of the expanded mesh 203 around the minimum portion 208 is shown in FIG. 6, but when the width dimension of the minimum portion 208 is W, the width of the intersection portion A (209) adjacent in the upward direction of the minimum portion 208 is shown. The ratio (W / Wa) and the ratio (W / Wb) are 0.57 to 0.86, where the dimension is Wa and the width dimension of the intersection B (210) adjacent in the downward direction of the minimum portion 208 is Wb. It is preferable to do.
[0030]
When these ratios (W / Wa) and (W / Wb) are increased beyond 0.86, there is a case where the corrosion cannot be reliably broken at the minimum portion 208, and the effect of the present invention may be diminished. Moreover, when these ratios are less than 0.57, disconnection occurs at the minimum portion 208 during the expansion process, which is not preferable because an expansion process defect occurs. Therefore, in order to obtain the effects of the present invention effectively and without hindrance to productivity, it is preferable to set these ratios (W / Wa) and (W / Wb) to 0.57 to 0.86.
[0031]
And the lead acid battery by this invention can be obtained by using the grid body for storage batteries of this invention obtained in this way for a positive electrode, and using a conventional method about the subsequent processes.
[0032]
Here, an example of a method of performing the step of forming the slit 108 and the step of alternately cutting the intermittent portion 109 between the slits 108 in the course of manufacturing the storage battery grid of the present invention has been described. For example, as described in Patent Document 2, these steps can be performed simultaneously.
[0033]
In this case, the disc cutter 301 shown in FIG. 7 is used instead of the disc cutter 101 shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 8, the disk-shaped cutter 301 is provided with thin portions 302 alternately on either one of the side surfaces of the flat portion 103 provided between the convex blades 102. Then, the portions where the thin portions 302 of the adjacent disc-shaped cutters 301 face each other and the portions where the surfaces not forming the thin portions 302 face each other are alternately opposed to each other in a state where the disk-shaped cutters 301 are engaged. A pair of cutter rolls is arranged so that the flat portions 103 are engaged with each other.
[0034]
According to such a configuration, the thin portions 302 face each other and the portion becomes a relief portion, and the intermittent portion 110 is not cut. On the other hand, a portion where the surfaces not forming the thin portion 302 are opposed to each other forms a sheared portion by the meshed flat portion 103, and the corresponding interrupted portion 110 is cut. As a result, the formation of the intermittent slits and the step of alternately cutting the intermittent portions between the slits are performed within the same pair of cutter rolls, which is advantageous in that a staggered slit can be formed in one step.
[0035]
【Example】
The life of a lead storage battery using the grid body obtained by the present invention and the grid body obtained by the comparative example as a positive electrode will be described below.
[0036]
An expanded lattice was produced by the method described in the embodiment of the invention. However, in the grid body 201 shown in FIG. 5, the height dimension H of the expanded mesh 203 is set to 100 mm, and the ratio L (H / H) is changed by changing the dimension L in the height direction from the upper end of the expanded mesh 203 to the minimum portion 208. ) Were changed in various ways, and a lattice body according to an example of the present invention and a lattice body according to a comparative example were prepared. In addition, while changing the width dimension W of the minimum part 208 shown in FIG. 6, by making all the width dimensions of other intersection part into 1.4 mm, the intersection part A (209) which adjoins the minimum part 208 in the upward direction. ) And the ratio of the width dimension (W) to the width dimension (Wb) of the intersection B (210) adjacent in the downward direction of the minimum portion 208 were variously changed. In addition, as the lead alloy sheet 107, a rolled sheet of Pb-0.05 mass% Ca-1.40 mass% Sn was used.
[0037]
These lattice bodies were filled with a paste-like active material obtained by kneading lead powder with water and dilute sulfuric acid by a conventional method, and aged and dried to obtain positive electrode plates. 80D26 type (JIS D5301) having a nominal 12V rated capacity of 55 Ah using 7 sheets of the positive electrode plate and 8 sheets of negative electrode plates packed by a separator made of microporous polyethylene as a bag. The lead acid battery for starting was manufactured.
[0038]
Further, as a comparative example, a battery using a positive electrode lattice body obtained by a reciprocating method using the same lead alloy sheet instead of the positive electrode lattice body of each battery described above was created. The configuration of these batteries is shown in Table 1.
[0039]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004380184
[0040]
Each battery shown in Table 1 was subjected to a life test. As a life test method, a charge-discharge cycle was performed in which a test battery was charged at a constant voltage of 14.8 V for 10 minutes and then discharged at 25 A for 2 minutes. 582 A discharge was performed every 480 charge-discharge cycles, and the battery life was reached when the terminal voltage of the battery dropped to 7.2V. This charge-discharge cycle was performed in a 75 ° C. atmosphere, and 582 A discharge was performed every 480 cycles in a state where the battery was left in a 25 ° C. atmosphere and the battery temperature was 25 ° C.
[0041]
Table 1 shows the life cycle results of each of these batteries. As apparent from the results shown in Table 1, the ratio of the lead storage battery of the present invention, that is, the height dimension H of the expanded mesh 203 and the dimension L in the height direction from the upper end of the expanded mesh 203 to the minimum portion 208. It can be seen that the sample having (L / H) of 0.55 to 0.80 has significantly superior life characteristics as compared with the lead storage battery of the comparative example.
[0042]
FIG. 9 shows the transition of the battery voltage during discharge in the life test of the battery F of the present invention example, the battery B and the battery I of the comparative example. From the results shown in FIG. 9, in the battery F of the example of the present invention, the voltage change was relatively gradual, whereas in the batteries B and I of the comparative examples, a rapid voltage drop was recognized.
[0043]
When these batteries were disassembled after the end of the life test, the battery B of the comparative example was broken at the minimum portion provided in the expanded lattice body. Therefore, it can be presumed that the active material in the portion below the minimum portion cannot contribute to the discharge, and the life is rapidly reduced. Further, in the battery I of the comparative example, the upper frame bone of the expanded lattice body was deformed upward and shorted with the negative electrode shelf to reach the lifetime.
[0044]
On the other hand, in the battery B of the example of the present invention, a slight deformation of the lattice as seen in the battery of Comparative Example I was observed, but the battery was not short-circuited with the negative electrode shelf. In addition, the positive electrode active material of battery B is softened as a whole, and it is considered that the life of the positive electrode active material was gradually reduced.
[0045]
In addition, regarding the ratio of the width dimension of the intersection part, that is, the ratio (W / Wa) and the ratio (W / Wb) were in the range of 0.57 to 0.86, the life characteristics were particularly excellent. In addition, the life of the battery F1 in which the ratio was less than 0.57 was reduced, but this is presumed to be due to the occurrence of bone breakage at the stage of creating the expanded lattice. Further, in the battery F3 in which these ratios are 0.93, the life improvement effect is slightly reduced. Therefore, in order to obtain the effects of the present invention particularly remarkably, it is preferable to set these ratios (W / Wa) and (W / Wb) within the range of 0.57 to 0.86.
[0046]
In addition, regarding the battery using the reciprocating expanded lattice as the positive electrode lattice, changes in the ratio (L / H), the ratio (W / Wa), and (W / Wb) had little effect on the life characteristics. Therefore, it can be seen that the configuration of the present invention can provide a remarkable effect when applied to an expanded lattice that is expanded and expanded in two different directions as in the rotary system.
[0047]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the configuration of the present invention, as described above, even when the expanded mesh obtained by expanding and expanding in two different directions such as a rotary method is used for the positive electrode lattice, the deformation of the positive electrode lattice is suppressed. A long-life storage battery can be obtained. By making it possible to produce a grid by the method, a storage battery having excellent life characteristics can be obtained with high productivity. Moreover, in the battery of the present invention, by suppressing the short circuit, the sudden life reduction is prevented and the voltage characteristic is gradually lowered, so that the user of the storage battery can recognize the necessity of maintenance inspection. Since it can be obtained, it is extremely useful industrially.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a disk-shaped cutter used in the production of a storage battery grid. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a production process of the storage battery grid. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a lead alloy sheet in the process of forming an expanded mesh. Fig. 4 is a diagram showing a lead alloy sheet in the process of forming an expanded mesh. Fig. 5 is a diagram showing a grid for a storage battery. Fig. 6 is a diagram showing the main part of the expanded mesh. Fig. 7 is another disk cutter. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the main part of a disk-shaped cutter. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the life characteristics of the batteries of the present invention and the comparative example.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 101 Disc cutter 102 Convex blade 103 Flat part 104 Thin part 105 Cutter roll 106 Cutter roll pair 107 Lead alloy sheet 108 Slit 109 Line part 110 Intermittent part 111 Plain part 201 Grid body 202 Ear part 203 Expanding mesh 204 Lower frame Bone 205 Upper frame bone 206 Bone part 207 Intersection part 208 Minimum part 209 Intersection part A
210 Intersection B
301 Disc cutter 302 Thin part

Claims (3)

複数の凸状刃を配置したカッターをPb−Ca合金シートの両面から押し入れて鉛合金シート上に複数条の断続したスリットを互いに平行に形成するとともに、互いに平行に隣接しあうスリットで構成された線状部を前記鉛合金シート厚み方向に突出させて塑性変形させ、前記スリット間の断続部を交互に切断することにより、前記スリットを千鳥状とし、前記スリットを展開して得た、ロータリー方式によるエキスパンド網目を有した蓄電池の正極に用いる格子体であって、
前記エキスパンド網目に一体に形成された上枠骨と下枠骨を備えるとともに、前記上枠骨に一体に集電耳を有し、
前記エキスパンド網目の交点部の幅寸法(W)が最小となる部分(以下、最小部)を前記格子体の高さ方向に対して前記エキスパンド網目の上部から55%〜80%の範囲内に列状に配置したことを特徴とする蓄電池用格子体。
A plurality of intermittent slits are formed in parallel on the lead alloy sheet by pressing a cutter having a plurality of convex blades from both sides of the Pb-Ca alloy sheet, and the slits are adjacent to each other in parallel. A rotary system obtained by projecting a linear portion in the thickness direction of the lead alloy sheet and plastically deforming and alternately cutting intermittent portions between the slits to make the slits staggered and developing the slits A grid used for a positive electrode of a storage battery having an expanded network according to
With the upper frame bone and the lower frame bone formed integrally with the expanded mesh, and having a current collecting ear integrally with the upper frame bone,
A portion where the width dimension (W) of the intersection part of the expanded mesh is minimum (hereinafter referred to as the minimum part) is arranged in a range of 55% to 80% from the upper part of the expanded mesh with respect to the height direction of the lattice. A grid for a storage battery, characterized by being arranged in a shape.
前記最小部の交点部の幅寸法をW、前記最小部に上方向に隣接する交点部の幅寸法をWa、前記最小部に下方向に隣接する交点部の幅寸法をWbとした時に、比率(W/Wa)および比率(W/Wb)を0.57〜0.86としたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の蓄電池用格子体。When the width dimension of the intersection part of the minimum part is W, the width dimension of the intersection part adjacent to the minimum part in the upward direction is Wa, and the width dimension of the intersection part adjacent to the minimum part in the downward direction is Wb, the ratio 2. The storage battery lattice body according to claim 1, wherein (W / Wa) and ratio (W / Wb) are set to 0.57 to 0.86. 請求項1もしくは2の蓄電池用格子体を用いた鉛蓄電池。 A lead storage battery using the grid for storage batteries according to claim 1 or 2.
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