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JP4380293B2 - Air conditioner - Google Patents
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JP4380293B2 - Air conditioner - Google Patents

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JP4380293B2
JP4380293B2 JP2003368804A JP2003368804A JP4380293B2 JP 4380293 B2 JP4380293 B2 JP 4380293B2 JP 2003368804 A JP2003368804 A JP 2003368804A JP 2003368804 A JP2003368804 A JP 2003368804A JP 4380293 B2 JP4380293 B2 JP 4380293B2
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heat exchanger
refrigerant
pipe
liquid
hot water
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JP2005134011A (en
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雅裕 本田
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Daikin Industries Ltd
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Daikin Industries Ltd
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  • Devices For Blowing Cold Air, Devices For Blowing Warm Air, And Means For Preventing Water Condensation In Air Conditioning Units (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)

Description

本発明は、空気調和装置に関し、特に、熱源側熱交換器として空気熱交換器と温水熱交換器とを備えたものに係るものである。   The present invention relates to an air conditioner, and particularly relates to an air conditioner including an air heat exchanger and a hot water heat exchanger as a heat source side heat exchanger.

従来より、空気を熱源とした空冷式と温水等を熱源とした水冷式とを複合させ、外気温度が低い場合(低外気時)に温水等の熱源を利用して室内の暖房を行うヒートポンプ式の空気調和機が知られている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。   Conventionally, a heat pump type that combines air cooling with air as a heat source and water cooling with hot water as a heat source, and heats the room using a heat source such as hot water when the outside air temperature is low (low outside air) Is known (for example, see Patent Document 1).

上記空気調和機は、主に圧縮機、室内熱交換器、膨張弁および室外熱交換器が順に接続された冷媒回路を備えている。この冷媒回路では、冷媒が循環して冷凍サイクルが行われる。上記室外熱交換器は、空気を熱源とする熱源側熱交換器に構成されている。また、上記冷媒回路には、冷媒加熱器が室外熱交換器と並列に設けられている。この冷媒加熱器は、熱源機としてのボイラに接続され、該ボイラからの温水によって冷媒を加熱するように構成されている。つまり、上記冷媒加熱器は、温水を熱源とする熱源側熱交換器に構成されている。   The air conditioner includes a refrigerant circuit in which a compressor, an indoor heat exchanger, an expansion valve, and an outdoor heat exchanger are connected in order. In this refrigerant circuit, the refrigerant circulates to perform a refrigeration cycle. The outdoor heat exchanger is configured as a heat source side heat exchanger using air as a heat source. The refrigerant circuit is provided with a refrigerant heater in parallel with the outdoor heat exchanger. This refrigerant heater is connected to a boiler as a heat source unit, and is configured to heat the refrigerant with hot water from the boiler. That is, the refrigerant heater is configured as a heat source side heat exchanger using hot water as a heat source.

上記空気調和機では、外気の温度に応じて冷媒が室外熱交換器を通る循環と冷媒加熱器を通る循環とを切り換えて暖房運転が行われる。具体的に、例えば外気の温度が割と高い場合、つまり暖房負荷が割と小さい場合、圧縮機から吐出された冷媒は、室内熱交換器にて凝縮し、膨張弁で減圧された後、室外熱交換器に流れて外気との熱交換によって蒸発する。   In the air conditioner, the heating operation is performed by switching between circulation of the refrigerant passing through the outdoor heat exchanger and circulation of the refrigerant heater according to the temperature of the outside air. Specifically, for example, when the temperature of the outside air is relatively high, that is, when the heating load is relatively small, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is condensed by the indoor heat exchanger, depressurized by the expansion valve, and then the outdoor It flows into the heat exchanger and evaporates by heat exchange with the outside air.

一方、外気の温度が著しく低い場合(例えば、氷点下)、つまり暖房負荷が大きい場合、室内熱交換器にて凝縮した冷媒は、膨張弁で減圧された後、冷媒加熱器に流れて温水との熱交換によって蒸発する。このように、低外気時の場合には、温水を熱源として利用することによって所要の暖房能力が確保される。
特開平9−138023号公報
On the other hand, when the temperature of the outside air is extremely low (for example, below freezing point), that is, when the heating load is large, the refrigerant condensed in the indoor heat exchanger is depressurized by the expansion valve and then flows into the refrigerant heater and flows into the hot water. Evaporates by heat exchange. Thus, in the case of low outside air, the required heating capacity is ensured by using hot water as a heat source.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-138023

しかしながら、上述した従来の空気調和機においては、加熱器が屋外に設置された室外機に収納されているため、温水の温度が低下する。また、外気温度が著しく低い場合には、温水が凍結してしまうという恐れがある。これにより、熱源が不足して暖房能力が低下するという問題があった。また、例えばヒータや断熱手段を室外機に設ける等の温度低下防止対策を講じたとしても、装置の複雑化および大型化を招くという問題があった。   However, in the above-described conventional air conditioner, the temperature of the hot water decreases because the heater is housed in an outdoor unit installed outdoors. Further, when the outside air temperature is extremely low, the hot water may freeze. Thereby, there existed a problem that a heat source was insufficient and heating capacity fell. Further, for example, even if measures for preventing a temperature drop such as providing a heater or a heat insulating means in the outdoor unit are taken, there is a problem that the apparatus becomes complicated and large.

本発明は、斯かる点に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的とするところは、装置の大型化を招くことなく温水の温度低下を抑制することにより、所要の熱源を確保して暖房能力の向上を図ることである。   The present invention has been made in view of such a point, and an object of the present invention is to secure a necessary heat source by suppressing a decrease in temperature of warm water without causing an increase in the size of the apparatus, and thereby heating capacity. Is to improve.

具体的に、第1の発明は、圧縮機(21)と熱源側熱交換器(23,42)と膨張機構(24,32)と利用側熱交換器(31)とが配管接続された蒸気圧縮式冷凍サイクルの冷媒回路(10)を備え、上記熱源側熱交換器(23,42)は、冷媒が室外空気と熱交換する空気熱交換器(23)を備えると共に、冷媒が温水と熱交換する温水熱交換器(42)を備え、上記膨張機構(24,32)は、空気熱交換器(23)のための第1膨張弁(24)と利用側熱交換器(31)のための第2膨張弁(32)とを備え、上記第1膨張弁(24)と第2膨張弁(32)との間の液配管には、受液器(25)が設けられる一方、上記冷媒回路(10)は、暖房サイクル時に空気熱交換器(23)および温水熱交換器(42)の何れか一方を蒸発器とするように構成された空気調和装置を前提としている。そして、上記圧縮機(21)、空気熱交換器(23)、第1膨張弁(24)および受液器(25)は屋外に設置される一方、上記利用側熱交換器(31)、第2膨張弁(32)および温水熱交換器(42)屋内に設置されている。さらに、上記温水熱交換器(42)には入口配管(44)および出口配管(45)の一端がそれぞれ接続され、上記入口配管(44)の他端は温水熱交換器(42)のための第3膨張弁(41)を介して受液器(25)と第2膨張弁(32)との間の液配管のうち屋内に配置される部分に接続され、上記出口配管(45)の他端は圧縮機(21)の吸入側に接続されている。 Specifically, the first invention is a steam in which a compressor (21), a heat source side heat exchanger (23, 42), an expansion mechanism (24, 32), and a use side heat exchanger (31) are connected by piping. The refrigerant circuit (10) of the compression refrigeration cycle is provided, and the heat source side heat exchanger (23, 42) includes an air heat exchanger (23) for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and outdoor air, and the refrigerant is heated with hot water. A hot water heat exchanger (42) to be replaced is provided, and the expansion mechanism (24 , 32) is provided for the first expansion valve (24) for the air heat exchanger (23) and the use side heat exchanger (31). The second expansion valve (32) is provided, and the liquid pipe between the first expansion valve (24) and the second expansion valve (32) is provided with a liquid receiver (25), while the refrigerant The circuit (10) is premised on an air conditioner configured so that one of the air heat exchanger (23) and the hot water heat exchanger (42) serves as an evaporator during the heating cycle. The compressor (21), the air heat exchanger (23), the first expansion valve (24) and the liquid receiver (25) are installed outdoors, while the user side heat exchanger (31), The two expansion valves (32) and the hot water heat exchanger (42) are installed indoors. Furthermore, one end of an inlet pipe (44) and an outlet pipe (45) is connected to the hot water heat exchanger (42), and the other end of the inlet pipe (44) is for the hot water heat exchanger (42). Via the third expansion valve (41), it is connected to the portion of the liquid piping between the liquid receiver (25) and the second expansion valve (32) that is arranged indoors, and the other of the outlet piping (45) The end is connected to the suction side of the compressor (21).

上記の発明では、温水熱交換器(42)が屋内に設置されているため、該温水熱交換器(42)の周囲温度が外気温より常時高くなり、また外気温が著しく低い(例えば、氷点下)場合でも、温水熱交換器(42)の周囲温度が氷点下になる恐れはほとんどない。したがって、温水熱交換器(42)を屋外に設置した場合に比べて温水熱交換器(42)を流れる温水の温度低下が抑制され、また温水が凍結することはほとんどない。この結果、ヒータ等の新たな加熱機器を設けることなく、常時温水を熱源として高い暖房能力が得られる。   In the above invention, since the hot water heat exchanger (42) is installed indoors, the ambient temperature of the hot water heat exchanger (42) is always higher than the outside air temperature, and the outside air temperature is extremely low (for example, below freezing point). ), There is almost no risk that the temperature of the hot water heat exchanger (42) will be below freezing. Therefore, compared with the case where a warm water heat exchanger (42) is installed outdoors, the temperature fall of the warm water which flows through a warm water heat exchanger (42) is suppressed, and warm water hardly freezes. As a result, it is possible to obtain a high heating capacity by always using hot water as a heat source without providing a new heating device such as a heater.

また、上記の発明では、例えば外気温が高い(暖房負荷が小さい)場合、第3膨張弁(41)を閉じることにより、利用側熱交換器(31)にて凝縮した液冷媒が液配管を通って第1膨張弁(24)で減圧され、空気熱交換器(23)にて室外空気と熱交換して蒸発する。一方、外気温が低い(暖房負荷が大きい)場合、第1膨張弁(24)を閉じることにより、利用側熱交換器(31)にて凝縮した液冷媒が液配管から分岐配管(43)に流れ、第3膨張弁(41)で減圧された後、温水熱交換器(42)にて温水と熱交換して蒸発する。つまり、暖房サイクル時には、上記第1膨張弁(24)および第3膨張弁(41)の開閉切換により、暖房負荷に応じて空気熱交換器(23)および温水熱交換器(42)の何れか一方が蒸発器となる。 In the above invention, for example, when the outside air temperature is high (the heating load is small), the liquid refrigerant condensed in the use side heat exchanger (31) is connected to the liquid pipe by closing the third expansion valve (41). The pressure is reduced by the first expansion valve (24), and is evaporated by exchanging heat with outdoor air in the air heat exchanger (23). On the other hand, when the outside air temperature is low (the heating load is large), the liquid refrigerant condensed in the use side heat exchanger (31) is transferred from the liquid pipe to the branch pipe (43) by closing the first expansion valve (24). After flowing and depressurized by the third expansion valve (41), heat is exchanged with hot water in the hot water heat exchanger (42) to evaporate. That is, during the heating cycle, either the air heat exchanger (23) or the hot water heat exchanger (42) is switched depending on the heating load by switching the first expansion valve (24) and the third expansion valve (41). One is the evaporator.

また、上記の発明では、液配管と温水熱交換器(42)との間の入口配管(44)が屋内に設置されるため、屋外屋内間における連絡配管の本数が減る。したがって、配管の施工性が向上する。 Moreover, in said invention, since the inlet piping (44) between liquid piping and a hot water heat exchanger (42) is installed indoors, the number of connecting piping between outdoor indoors reduces. Therefore, the workability of piping is improved.

つまり、上記入口配管(44)を単に受液器(25)と第2膨張弁(32)との間の液配管、または第1膨張弁(24)と受液器(25)との間の液配管に接続するだけでは、入口配管(44)が屋内から屋外に亘って配設される。これにより、屋外屋内間における連絡配管の本数が増加する。そこで、本発明では、連絡配管を減少させるようにした。 That is, the inlet pipe (44) is simply connected to the liquid pipe between the liquid receiver (25) and the second expansion valve (32), or between the first expansion valve (24) and the liquid receiver (25). By simply connecting to the liquid pipe, the inlet pipe (44) is arranged from the indoor to the outdoor. As a result, the number of connecting pipes between outdoor indoors increases. Therefore, in the present invention, the communication piping is reduced.

また、第の発明は、第1の発明において、上記膨張機構(24,32)は、空気熱交換器(23)のための第1膨張弁(24)と利用側熱交換器(31)のための第2膨張弁(32)とを備え、上記第1膨張弁(24)と第2膨張弁(32)との間の液配管には、受液器(25)が設けられている。一方、上記受液器(25)を加圧して液冷媒を受液器(25)より液配管に放出させる加圧手段(60)と、上記受液器(25)を減圧して液冷媒を液配管より受液器(25)に回収する減圧手段(70)とを備えている。 Further, according to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the expansion mechanism (24, 32) includes a first expansion valve (24) for the air heat exchanger (23) and a use side heat exchanger (31). The second expansion valve (32) is provided, and a liquid receiver (25) is provided in the liquid pipe between the first expansion valve (24) and the second expansion valve (32). . On the other hand, pressurizing means (60) for pressurizing the liquid receiver (25) to release liquid refrigerant from the liquid receiver (25) to the liquid pipe, and reducing the pressure of the liquid receiver (25) Pressure reducing means (70) for recovering the liquid receiver (25) from the liquid pipe.

上記の発明では、暖房サイクル時に、例えば暖房負荷の変動によって冷媒循環経路内の冷媒量が不足した場合、加圧手段(60)によって液冷媒が受液器(25)より液配管に放出される。これにより、冷媒の不足量が補われる。一方、暖房サイクル時に、暖房負荷の変動によって冷媒循環経路内の冷媒量が過剰になった場合、減圧手段(70)によって液冷媒が液配管より受液器(25)に回収される。これにより、冷媒循環経路内の過剰な冷媒が回収される。   In the above invention, during the heating cycle, for example, when the amount of refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation path is insufficient due to fluctuations in the heating load, the liquid refrigerant is discharged from the liquid receiver (25) to the liquid pipe by the pressurizing means (60). . Thereby, the shortage amount of the refrigerant is compensated. On the other hand, when the amount of refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation path becomes excessive due to fluctuations in the heating load during the heating cycle, the liquid refrigerant is recovered from the liquid pipe to the receiver (25) by the decompression means (70). As a result, excess refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation path is recovered.

つまり、本発明では、上記温水熱交換器(42)を蒸発器とする暖房サイクル時において、屋外屋内間における連絡配管を新たに設けなくても、暖房負荷の変動によって生じる冷媒量の過不足が調整される。   In other words, according to the present invention, during the heating cycle using the hot water heat exchanger (42) as an evaporator, the refrigerant amount may be excessive or insufficient due to fluctuations in the heating load without newly providing a connecting pipe between outdoor indoors. Adjusted.

また、第の発明は、第の発明において、上記温水熱交換器(42)を蒸発器とした暖房サイクル時に、利用側熱交換器(31)の出口側の冷媒過冷却度と第2膨張弁(32)の開度と温水熱交換器(42)の出口側の冷媒過熱度とに基づいて加圧手段(60)の加圧および加圧停止を制御する加圧制御手段(65)を備えている。また、本発明は、上記温水熱交換器(42)を蒸発器とした暖房サイクル時に、利用側熱交換器(31)の出口側の冷媒過冷却度と第2膨張弁(32)の開度とに基づいて減圧手段(70)の減圧および減圧停止を制御する減圧制御手段(75)を備えている。 Further, the third invention is the second invention, wherein the refrigerant supercooling degree on the outlet side of the use side heat exchanger (31) and the second degree of cooling during the heating cycle using the hot water heat exchanger (42) as an evaporator. Pressurization control means (65) for controlling pressurization and pressurization stop of the pressurization means (60) based on the opening degree of the expansion valve (32) and the degree of refrigerant superheat on the outlet side of the hot water heat exchanger (42) It has. Further, the present invention provides a refrigerant subcooling degree on the outlet side of the use side heat exchanger (31) and an opening degree of the second expansion valve (32) during a heating cycle using the hot water heat exchanger (42) as an evaporator. Based on the above, a decompression control means (75) for controlling decompression and decompression stop of the decompression means (70) is provided.

上記の発明では、冷媒の過冷却度などに基づいて液冷媒の供給および回収が行われるので、確実に冷媒量の過不足が調整される。そして、冷媒の過冷却度などに基づいて液冷媒の供給停止および回収停止が行われるので、冷媒量の過不足の調整完了後は確実に通常の冷媒循環に戻る。   In the above invention, since the supply and recovery of the liquid refrigerant is performed based on the degree of supercooling of the refrigerant, the excess or deficiency of the refrigerant amount is reliably adjusted. Since the supply and recovery of the liquid refrigerant are stopped based on the degree of supercooling of the refrigerant and the like, the normal refrigerant circulation is surely restored after the adjustment of the refrigerant amount is completed.

また、第の発明は、第または第の発明において、上記加圧手段(60)は、受液器(25)の入口側と圧縮機(21)の吐出側との間に接続されて開閉弁(62)を有する加圧用配管(61)を備えている。一方、上記減圧手段(70)は、受液器(25)と圧縮機(21)の吸込側とに接続されて開閉弁(72)を有する減圧用配管(71)を備えている。 In a fourth aspect based on the second or third aspect , the pressurizing means (60) is connected between the inlet side of the liquid receiver (25) and the discharge side of the compressor (21). And a pressurizing pipe (61) having an on-off valve (62). On the other hand, the pressure reducing means (70) includes a pressure reducing pipe (71) having an on-off valve (72) connected to the liquid receiver (25) and the suction side of the compressor (21).

上記の発明では、図4に示すように、加圧手段(60)の開閉弁(62)を開けると、圧縮機(21)より吐出されたガス冷媒が加圧用配管(61)を通じて受液器(25)へ送り込まれることにより、受液器(25)が加圧される。そして、上記加圧手段(60)の開閉弁(62)を閉じると、受液器(25)の加圧が停止される。一方、上記減圧手段(70)の開閉弁(72)を開けると、受液器(25)のガス冷媒が減圧用配管(71)を通じて圧縮機(21)に吸入されることにより、受液器(25)が減圧される。そして、上記減圧手段(70)の開閉弁(72)を閉じると、受液器(25)の減圧が停止される。したがって、加圧機および減圧機などの新たな機器を設けなくてもよいので、コスト低減が図られる。   In the above invention, as shown in FIG. 4, when the on-off valve (62) of the pressurizing means (60) is opened, the gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor (21) is received through the pressurizing pipe (61). The liquid receiver (25) is pressurized by being sent to (25). Then, when the on-off valve (62) of the pressurizing means (60) is closed, pressurization of the liquid receiver (25) is stopped. On the other hand, when the on-off valve (72) of the pressure reducing means (70) is opened, the gas refrigerant in the liquid receiver (25) is sucked into the compressor (21) through the pressure reducing pipe (71). (25) is depressurized. And if the on-off valve (72) of the said pressure reduction means (70) is closed, pressure reduction of a liquid receiver (25) will be stopped. Accordingly, it is not necessary to provide a new device such as a pressurizer and a decompressor, thereby reducing the cost.

したがって、第1の発明によれば、温水熱交換器(42)を屋内に設置するようにしたので、ヒータ等の加熱手段を設けることなく温水熱交換器(42)の温水の温度低下を抑制することができ、また温水が凍結するのを防止することができる。これにより、外気温が著しく低い場合であっても、温水を熱源として確実に利用することができるため、常時高い暖房能力を得ることができる。この結果、装置の小型化および装置の信頼性向上を図ることができる。 Therefore, according to 1st invention, since the hot water heat exchanger (42) was installed indoors, the temperature fall of the warm water of a hot water heat exchanger (42) was suppressed, without providing heating means, such as a heater. In addition, it is possible to prevent the hot water from freezing. Thereby, even if the outside air temperature is extremely low, the hot water can be reliably used as a heat source, so that a high heating capacity can be always obtained. As a result, it is possible to reduce the size of the device and improve the reliability of the device.

また、第の発明によれば、液配管と温水熱交換器(42)との間の入口配管(44)を屋内に配置するようにしたので、屋外屋内間における冷媒の連絡配管を1本減らすことができる。したがって、配管施工の簡易化を図ることができる。 In addition, according to the first invention, the inlet pipe (44) between the liquid pipe and the hot water heat exchanger (42) is arranged indoors, so there is one refrigerant communication pipe between the outdoor indoors. Can be reduced. Therefore, simplification of piping construction can be achieved.

また、第の発明によれば、受液器(25)を加圧して液冷媒を受液器(25)から液配管に放出するようにしたり、受液器(25)を減圧して液冷媒を液配管から受液器(25)に回収するようにしたので、屋外屋内間における連絡配管を増加させることなく、温水熱交換器(42)を蒸発器とする暖房サイクル時においても暖房負荷の変動によって冷媒循環経路内で生じる冷媒量の過不足を確実に調整することができる。したがって、配管の施工性および運転効率を向上させることができる。また、屋内に新たな受液器(25)を設けなくてもすむため、装置の大型化および冷媒回路(10)の複雑化を抑制することができる。 According to the second invention, the liquid receiver (25) is pressurized to discharge the liquid refrigerant from the liquid receiver (25) to the liquid pipe, or the liquid receiver (25) is depressurized to liquid. Refrigerant is recovered from the liquid pipe to the receiver (25), so that the heating load is maintained even during the heating cycle using the hot water heat exchanger (42) as an evaporator without increasing the connection pipe between indoors. It is possible to reliably adjust the excess or deficiency of the refrigerant amount generated in the refrigerant circulation path due to the fluctuations in the above. Therefore, the workability and operation efficiency of the piping can be improved. In addition, since it is not necessary to provide a new liquid receiver (25) indoors, it is possible to suppress an increase in the size of the apparatus and the complexity of the refrigerant circuit (10).

また、第の発明によれば、冷媒の過冷却度などに基づいて受液器(25)の加圧および減圧を行うようにしたので、確実に液冷媒の供給および回収を行うことができる。したがって、確実に冷媒量の過不足を調整することができる。また、冷媒の過冷却度などに基づいて受液器(25)の加圧停止および減圧停止を行うようにしたので、確実に液冷媒の供給停止および回収停止を行うことができる。したがって、冷媒量の過不足の調整完了後は確実に通常の冷媒循環に戻すことができる。これらの結果、効率のよい運転を確実に行うことができる。 Further, according to the third aspect of the invention, the liquid receiver (25) is pressurized and depressurized based on the degree of supercooling of the refrigerant, etc., so that the liquid refrigerant can be reliably supplied and recovered. . Therefore, it is possible to reliably adjust the excess or deficiency of the refrigerant amount. Further, since the pressurization stop and the decompression stop of the liquid receiver (25) are performed based on the degree of supercooling of the refrigerant, the supply and recovery of the liquid refrigerant can be reliably stopped. Therefore, it is possible to reliably return to normal refrigerant circulation after completion of adjustment of the excess or deficiency of the refrigerant amount. As a result, efficient operation can be performed reliably.

また、第の発明によれば、圧縮機(21)によって受液器(25)を加圧および減圧するようにしたので、加圧機および減圧機などの新たな機器を設けなくてもすむ。したがって、装置のコスト低減およびコンパクト化を図ることができる。 According to the fourth aspect of the invention, since the liquid receiver (25) is pressurized and depressurized by the compressor (21), it is not necessary to provide new devices such as a pressurizer and a depressurizer. Therefore, cost reduction and downsizing of the apparatus can be achieved.

以下、本発明の実施形態を図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

《発明の実施形態1》
本実施形態1の空気調和装置(1)は、例えば寒冷地域で使用され、室内の冷暖房を行うためのものであり、暖房運転が空気および温水の何れか一方を熱源として行われる。
Embodiment 1 of the Invention
The air conditioner (1) of the first embodiment is used in, for example, a cold region and performs indoor air conditioning, and heating operation is performed using either air or hot water as a heat source.

図1に示すように、上記空気調和装置(1)は、熱源側である室外機(20)および温水ユニット(40)と、利用側である複数(本実施形態1では、3台)の室内機(30)とを有し、蒸気圧縮式冷凍サイクルを行う冷媒回路(10)を備えている。   As shown in FIG. 1, the air conditioner (1) includes an outdoor unit (20) and a hot water unit (40) on the heat source side, and a plurality of (three in the first embodiment) indoors on the use side. And a refrigerant circuit (10) that performs a vapor compression refrigeration cycle.

上記室外機(20)は、圧縮機(21)、流路切換手段である四路切換弁(22)、熱源側熱交換器である室外熱交換器(23)、膨張機構である第1膨張弁(24)および受液器であるレシーバ(25)を備えている。上記圧縮機(21)の吐出側および吸込側には、それぞれ吐出配管(21a)および吸入配管(21b)の一端が接続されている。この吐出配管(21a)および吸入配管(21b)の他端は、それぞれ別個に四路切換弁(22)に接続されている。また、上記四路切換弁(22)には、第1ガス配管(11)および第2ガス配管(15)の一端が接続されている。上記第1ガス配管(11)の他端は、室外機(20)から室内機(30)へ向かって延びている。一方、上記第2ガス配管(15)の他端は、室外熱交換器(23)の一端に接続され、該室外熱交換器(23)の他端には、第2液配管(14)の一端が接続されている。この第2液配管(14)の他端は、冷媒調整回路(13)を介して第1液配管(12)の一端に接続されている。この第1液配管(12)の他端は、室外機(20)から室内機(30)へ向かって延びている。   The outdoor unit (20) includes a compressor (21), a four-way switching valve (22) that is a flow path switching unit, an outdoor heat exchanger (23) that is a heat source side heat exchanger, and a first expansion that is an expansion mechanism. A valve (24) and a receiver (25) as a liquid receiver are provided. One end of a discharge pipe (21a) and a suction pipe (21b) are connected to the discharge side and the suction side of the compressor (21), respectively. The other ends of the discharge pipe (21a) and the suction pipe (21b) are separately connected to the four-way switching valve (22). The four-way switching valve (22) is connected to one end of a first gas pipe (11) and a second gas pipe (15). The other end of the first gas pipe (11) extends from the outdoor unit (20) toward the indoor unit (30). On the other hand, the other end of the second gas pipe (15) is connected to one end of the outdoor heat exchanger (23), and the other end of the outdoor heat exchanger (23) is connected to the second liquid pipe (14). One end is connected. The other end of the second liquid pipe (14) is connected to one end of the first liquid pipe (12) via the refrigerant adjustment circuit (13). The other end of the first liquid pipe (12) extends from the outdoor unit (20) toward the indoor unit (30).

上記冷媒調整回路(13)には、第1膨張弁(24)とレシーバ(25)とが設けられている。具体的に、上記冷媒調整回路(13)は、ブリッジ回路で構成された整流機構である方向制御回路(16)と、常時冷媒が一方向に流れる一方向通路(17)とを備えている。上記一方向通路(17)には、レシーバ(25)が設けられている。上記方向制御回路(16)は、第1および第2の流入通路(18a,18b)と、第1および第2の流出通路(19a,19b)とがブリッジ状に接続されて構成されている。そして、この第1および第2の流入通路(18a,18b)と第2の流出通路(19b)には、それぞれ逆止弁(CV)が設けられている。上記第1の流出通路(19a)には、第1膨張弁(24)が設けられている。   The refrigerant adjustment circuit (13) is provided with a first expansion valve (24) and a receiver (25). Specifically, the refrigerant adjustment circuit (13) includes a direction control circuit (16) that is a rectification mechanism configured by a bridge circuit, and a one-way passage (17) through which the refrigerant always flows in one direction. A receiver (25) is provided in the one-way passage (17). The direction control circuit (16) is configured by connecting the first and second inflow passages (18a, 18b) and the first and second outflow passages (19a, 19b) in a bridge shape. A check valve (CV) is provided in each of the first and second inflow passages (18a, 18b) and the second outflow passage (19b). A first expansion valve (24) is provided in the first outflow passage (19a).

上記方向制御回路(16)は、冷房サイクル時において、室外熱交換器(23)を出た冷媒が第2液配管(14)から第1の流入通路(18a)を通って一方向通路(17)に流れ、レシーバ(25)を経て第2の流出通路(19b)から第1液配管(12)に流れるように構成されている。一方、上記方向制御回路(16)は、暖房サイクル時において、第1液配管(12)の冷媒が第2の流入通路(18b)を通って一方向通路(17)に流れ、レシーバ(25)を経て第1の流出通路(19a)における第1膨張弁(24)を通った後、第2液配管(14)から室外熱交換器(23)へ流れるように構成されている。つまり、上記一方向通路(17)は、常時冷媒が図1における時計回り(右回り)の一方向に流れるように構成されている。なお、上記冷媒調整回路(13)は、配管が液配管に構成されている。   In the directional control circuit (16), during the cooling cycle, the refrigerant exiting the outdoor heat exchanger (23) passes from the second liquid pipe (14) through the first inflow passage (18a) to the one-way passage (17 ), And flows from the second outflow passage (19b) to the first liquid pipe (12) through the receiver (25). On the other hand, in the direction control circuit (16), during the heating cycle, the refrigerant in the first liquid pipe (12) flows into the one-way passage (17) through the second inflow passage (18b), and the receiver (25) After passing through the 1st expansion valve (24) in the 1st outflow passage (19a), it is constituted so that it may flow from the 2nd liquid piping (14) to an outdoor heat exchanger (23). That is, the one-way passage (17) is configured such that the refrigerant always flows in one direction clockwise (clockwise) in FIG. In the refrigerant adjusting circuit (13), the pipe is configured as a liquid pipe.

上記室外熱交換器(23)は、例えば、クロスフィン式のフィン・アンド・チューブ型熱交換器であって、図示しない室外ファンが近接して配置されている。この室外熱交換器(23)は、冷媒が室外ファンによって取り込まれた室外空気と熱交換する空気熱交換器を構成している。   The outdoor heat exchanger (23) is, for example, a cross-fin type fin-and-tube heat exchanger, and an outdoor fan (not shown) is disposed close to the outdoor heat exchanger (23). This outdoor heat exchanger (23) constitutes an air heat exchanger in which the refrigerant exchanges heat with the outdoor air taken in by the outdoor fan.

上記3台の室内機(30)は、室外機(20)より延びる第1ガス配管(11)の他端から分岐したそれぞれのガス分岐管(11a)と、室外機(20)より延びる第1液配管(12)の他端から分岐したそれぞれの液分岐管(12a)とに並列に接続されている。上記各室内機(30)は、利用側熱交換器である室内熱交換器(31)と膨張機構である第2膨張弁(32)とが配管接続されて構成されている。上記室内機(30)における室内熱交換器(31)側の配管の端部には、ガス分岐管(11a)が接続される一方、室内機(30)における第2膨張弁(32)側の配管の端部には、液分岐管(12a)が接続されている。   The three indoor units (30) include a gas branch pipe (11a) branched from the other end of the first gas pipe (11) extending from the outdoor unit (20) and a first extending from the outdoor unit (20). It is connected in parallel with each liquid branch pipe (12a) branched from the other end of the liquid pipe (12). Each of the indoor units (30) is configured such that an indoor heat exchanger (31) that is a use side heat exchanger and a second expansion valve (32) that is an expansion mechanism are connected by piping. A gas branch pipe (11a) is connected to the end of the pipe on the indoor heat exchanger (31) side in the indoor unit (30), while the second expansion valve (32) side in the indoor unit (30) is connected. A liquid branch pipe (12a) is connected to the end of the pipe.

上記室内熱交換器(31)は、例えば、クロスフィン式のフィン・アンド・チューブ型熱交換器であって、図示しない室内ファンが近接して配置されている。この室内熱交換器(31)は、冷媒が室内ファンによって取り込まれた室内空気と熱交換する空気熱交換器を構成している。   The indoor heat exchanger (31) is, for example, a cross-fin type fin-and-tube heat exchanger, and an indoor fan (not shown) is disposed close to the indoor heat exchanger (31). This indoor heat exchanger (31) constitutes an air heat exchanger in which the refrigerant exchanges heat with the indoor air taken in by the indoor fan.

上記温水ユニット(40)は、膨張機構である第3膨張弁(41)と熱源側熱交換器である温水熱交換器(42)とを備えている。上記温水熱交換器(42)には、冷媒の入口配管(44)および出口配管(45)の一端がそれぞれ接続されている。上記入口配管(44)の他端は、第3膨張弁(41)を経て温水ユニット(40)の外へ延び、第1液配管(12)に接続されている。一方、上記出口配管(45)の他端は、温水ユニット(40)から室外機(20)内へ延び、圧縮機(21)の吸入配管(21b)に接続されている。上記入口配管(44)および出口配管(45)は、分岐配管(43)を構成している。つまり、この分岐配管(43)は、一端がレシーバ(25)と第2膨張弁(32)との間の液配管である第1液配管(12)に接続される一方、他端が圧縮機(21)の吸込側である吸入配管(21b)に接続されている。   The hot water unit (40) includes a third expansion valve (41) that is an expansion mechanism and a hot water heat exchanger (42) that is a heat source side heat exchanger. One end of an inlet pipe (44) and an outlet pipe (45) for the refrigerant is connected to the hot water heat exchanger (42). The other end of the inlet pipe (44) extends through the third expansion valve (41) to the outside of the hot water unit (40) and is connected to the first liquid pipe (12). On the other hand, the other end of the outlet pipe (45) extends from the hot water unit (40) into the outdoor unit (20) and is connected to the suction pipe (21b) of the compressor (21). The inlet pipe (44) and the outlet pipe (45) constitute a branch pipe (43). That is, one end of the branch pipe (43) is connected to the first liquid pipe (12) that is a liquid pipe between the receiver (25) and the second expansion valve (32), and the other end is a compressor. It is connected to the suction pipe (21b) on the suction side of (21).

また、上記温水熱交換器(42)は、温水が流れる温水配管(50)を備えている。この温水配管(50)は、熱源機としての、例えばボイラ(図示しない)に接続されている。上記温水熱交換器(42)は、いわゆるプレート式熱交換器であって、冷媒がボイラによって生成された温水と熱交換するように構成されている。   The hot water heat exchanger (42) includes a hot water pipe (50) through which hot water flows. This hot water pipe (50) is connected to, for example, a boiler (not shown) as a heat source device. The hot water heat exchanger (42) is a so-called plate heat exchanger, and is configured such that the refrigerant exchanges heat with the hot water generated by the boiler.

上記冷媒回路(10)は、四路切換弁(22)の切換によって暖房サイクル(暖房モードの運転)と冷房サイクル(冷房モードの運転)とに切り換わるように構成されている。つまり、上記四路切換弁(22)が図1の実線側の状態に切り換わると、冷媒回路(10)は、各室内熱交換器(31)で冷媒が凝縮する暖房サイクルで冷媒が循環する。一方、上記四路切換弁(23)が図1の破線側の状態に切り換わると、冷媒回路(10)は、各室内熱交換器(31)で冷媒が蒸発する冷房サイクルで冷媒が循環する。   The refrigerant circuit (10) is configured to switch between a heating cycle (heating mode operation) and a cooling cycle (cooling mode operation) by switching the four-way switching valve (22). In other words, when the four-way switching valve (22) is switched to the solid line side in FIG. 1, the refrigerant circuit (10) circulates in the heating cycle in which the refrigerant is condensed in each indoor heat exchanger (31). . On the other hand, when the four-way switching valve (23) is switched to the broken line side in FIG. 1, the refrigerant circuit (10) circulates in the cooling cycle in which the refrigerant evaporates in each indoor heat exchanger (31). .

また、上記冷媒回路(10)は、暖房モードの運転において、室外機(20)の第1膨張弁(24)および温水ユニット(40)の第3膨張弁(41)の開閉切換により、室外熱交換器(23)および温水熱交換器(42)の何れか一方が蒸発器として機能するように構成されている。つまり、上記第1膨張弁(24)が開状態に、第3膨張弁(41)が閉状態にそれぞれ切り換わると、各室内熱交換器(31)で凝縮した冷媒が室外熱交換器(23)に流れて蒸発し、圧縮機(21)に戻る。一方、上記第1膨張弁(24)が閉状態に、第3膨張弁(41)が開状態にそれぞれ切り換わると、各室内熱交換器(31)で凝縮した冷媒が分岐配管(43)に流れ、温水熱交換器(42)で蒸発して圧縮機(21)に戻る。   In the heating mode operation, the refrigerant circuit (10) performs outdoor heat switching by switching between the first expansion valve (24) of the outdoor unit (20) and the third expansion valve (41) of the hot water unit (40). Any one of the exchanger (23) and the hot water heat exchanger (42) is configured to function as an evaporator. That is, when the first expansion valve (24) is switched to the open state and the third expansion valve (41) is switched to the closed state, the refrigerant condensed in each indoor heat exchanger (31) is switched to the outdoor heat exchanger (23 ) To evaporate and return to the compressor (21). On the other hand, when the first expansion valve (24) is switched to the closed state and the third expansion valve (41) is switched to the open state, the refrigerant condensed in each indoor heat exchanger (31) enters the branch pipe (43). It flows and evaporates in the hot water heat exchanger (42) and returns to the compressor (21).

次に、上記空気調和装置(1)の各機の設置場所について説明する。先ず、上記室外機(20)は屋外に設置される一方、各室内機(30)は屋内の各部屋に設置されている。そして、本発明の特徴として、上記温水ユニット(40)および分岐配管(43)の入口配管(44)は屋内に設置されている。つまり、上記温水熱交換器(42)と、該温水熱交換器(42)と第1液配管(12)とを接続する配管部が屋内に設置されている。   Next, the installation location of each unit of the air conditioner (1) will be described. First, the outdoor unit (20) is installed outdoors, while the indoor units (30) are installed in indoor rooms. As a feature of the present invention, the hot water unit (40) and the inlet pipe (44) of the branch pipe (43) are installed indoors. That is, the hot water heat exchanger (42) and a pipe portion connecting the hot water heat exchanger (42) and the first liquid pipe (12) are installed indoors.

ここで、屋内の気温は、特に冬季において通常外気温よりも高い。例えば、外気温が氷点下であっても、屋内の気温が氷点下まで下がることは少ない。すなわち、上記温水熱交換器(42)の周囲温度は、マイナス温度まで低下することは殆どなく、常時外気温より高い温度に維持される。これにより、上記温水熱交換器(42)を屋外に設置した場合に比べて、温水熱交換器(42)を流れる温水の温度低下が抑制される。また、上記温水熱交換器(42)が停止している間に、温水熱交換器(42)の温水が冷却されて凍結する恐れも少ない。   Here, the indoor temperature is higher than the normal outside temperature, particularly in winter. For example, even if the outside temperature is below freezing, the indoor temperature is unlikely to drop below freezing. That is, the ambient temperature of the hot water heat exchanger (42) hardly decreases to a minus temperature, and is always maintained at a temperature higher than the outside air temperature. Thereby, compared with the case where the said warm water heat exchanger (42) is installed outdoors, the temperature fall of the warm water which flows through a warm water heat exchanger (42) is suppressed. Moreover, there is little possibility that the hot water of the hot water heat exchanger (42) is cooled and frozen while the hot water heat exchanger (42) is stopped.

ところで、上記室外機(20)と各室内機(30)とは、上述したようにガス分岐管(11a)を含めた第1ガス配管(11)と液分岐管(12a)を含めた第1液配管(12)とによって接続されている。一方、上記温水ユニット(40)は、上述したように分岐配管(43)の出口配管(45)によって室外機(20)に接続されている。つまり、本実施形態1の空気調和装置(1)は、屋外と屋内とを結ぶ連絡配管として第1ガス配管(11)、第1液配管(12)および出口配管(45)の3本を有している。   By the way, the outdoor unit (20) and each indoor unit (30) are the first gas pipe (11) including the gas branch pipe (11a) and the first pipe including the liquid branch pipe (12a) as described above. It is connected to the liquid pipe (12). On the other hand, the hot water unit (40) is connected to the outdoor unit (20) by the outlet pipe (45) of the branch pipe (43) as described above. That is, the air conditioner (1) of Embodiment 1 has three pipes, a first gas pipe (11), a first liquid pipe (12), and an outlet pipe (45), as connection pipes connecting the outdoors and the indoor. is doing.

−運転動作−
次に、上述した空気調和装置(1)の運転動作について説明する。この空気調和装置(1)は、冷房モードの冷房運転と暖房モードの暖房運転とを切り換えて行う。また、上記空気調和装置(1)は、暖房運転において、暖房負荷に応じて室外熱交換器(23)を蒸発器とする運転(以下、「空気暖房運転」という)と、温水熱交換器(42)を蒸発器とする運転(以下、「温水暖房運転」という)とを切り換えて行う。
-Driving action-
Next, the operation of the above-described air conditioner (1) will be described. The air conditioner (1) performs switching between a cooling operation in a cooling mode and a heating operation in a heating mode. In addition, the air conditioner (1) includes an operation using an outdoor heat exchanger (23) as an evaporator according to a heating load (hereinafter referred to as an “air heating operation”), a hot water heat exchanger ( 42) Switch to the operation using the evaporator (hereinafter referred to as “hot water heating operation”).

〈冷房運転〉
この冷房運転では、まず、冷媒回路(10)の圧縮機(21)が停止している状態において、四路切換弁(22)を図1の破線側の状態に切り換え、また、室外機(20)の第1膨張弁(24)および温水ユニット(40)の第3膨張弁(41)をそれぞれ閉じる。そして、上記各室内機(30)における第2膨張弁(32)の開度が所定開度に設定される。
<Cooling operation>
In this cooling operation, first, in a state where the compressor (21) of the refrigerant circuit (10) is stopped, the four-way switching valve (22) is switched to the state on the broken line side in FIG. ) And the third expansion valve (41) of the hot water unit (40), respectively. The opening of the second expansion valve (32) in each indoor unit (30) is set to a predetermined opening.

上述した冷媒回路(10)の状態で、圧縮機(21)を駆動すると、該圧縮機(21)で圧縮されたガス冷媒は、吐出配管(21a)、四路切換弁(22)および第2ガス配管(15)を順次経て室外熱交換器(23)へ流れ、室外ファンにより取り込まれた室外空気と熱交換して凝縮する。この凝縮した液冷媒は、第2液配管(14)および第1の流入通路(18a)を順次流れ、レシーバ(25)を経て第2の流出通路(19b)から第1液配管(12)に流れる。この第1液配管(12)の液冷媒は、各液分岐管(12a)に分流して各室内機(30)に流れる。該各室内機(30)において、液冷媒は、第2膨張弁(32)で減圧され、室内熱交換器(31)にて室内ファンにより取り込まれた室内空気と熱交換して蒸発する。その際、冷却された空気が室内に供給されて室内の冷房が行われる。この蒸発したガス冷媒は、ガス分岐管(11a)を通って第1ガス配管(11)に合流し、四路切換弁(22)および吸入配管(21b)を経て再び圧縮機(21)に戻り、この冷媒循環を繰り返す。   When the compressor (21) is driven in the state of the refrigerant circuit (10) described above, the gas refrigerant compressed by the compressor (21) is discharged from the discharge pipe (21a), the four-way switching valve (22), and the second The gas flows through the gas pipe (15) sequentially to the outdoor heat exchanger (23), and heat exchanges with the outdoor air taken in by the outdoor fan to condense. The condensed liquid refrigerant sequentially flows through the second liquid pipe (14) and the first inflow passage (18a), passes through the receiver (25), and passes from the second outflow passage (19b) to the first liquid pipe (12). Flowing. The liquid refrigerant in the first liquid pipe (12) is divided into the liquid branch pipes (12a) and flows into the indoor units (30). In each indoor unit (30), the liquid refrigerant is decompressed by the second expansion valve (32), and is evaporated by exchanging heat with the indoor air taken in by the indoor fan in the indoor heat exchanger (31). At that time, the cooled air is supplied into the room to cool the room. The evaporated gas refrigerant joins the first gas pipe (11) through the gas branch pipe (11a), returns to the compressor (21) again through the four-way switching valve (22) and the suction pipe (21b). This refrigerant circulation is repeated.

〈空気暖房運転〉
この空気暖房運転は、外気温が比較的高い(暖房負荷が小さい)場合に行なわれる。この空気暖房運転では、まず、冷媒回路(10)の圧縮機(21)が停止している状態において、四路切換弁(22)を図1の実線側の状態に切り換え、また、温水ユニット(40)の第3膨張弁(41)を閉じる。そして、上記室外機(20)における第1膨張弁(24)の開度が所定開度に設定され、各室内機(30)における第2膨張弁(32)の開度が全開状態に設定される。
<Air heating operation>
This air heating operation is performed when the outside air temperature is relatively high (the heating load is small). In this air heating operation, first, in a state where the compressor (21) of the refrigerant circuit (10) is stopped, the four-way switching valve (22) is switched to the state on the solid line side in FIG. 40) The third expansion valve (41) is closed. The opening degree of the first expansion valve (24) in the outdoor unit (20) is set to a predetermined opening degree, and the opening degree of the second expansion valve (32) in each indoor unit (30) is set to a fully open state. The

上述した冷媒回路(10)の状態で、圧縮機(21)を駆動すると、該圧縮機(21)で圧縮されたガス冷媒は、吐出配管(21a)、四路切換弁(22)および第1ガス配管(11)を順次経た後、各ガス分岐管(11a)に分流して各室内機(30)に流れる。該各室内機(30)において、ガス冷媒は、室内熱交換器(31)にて室内ファンにより取り込まれた室内空気と熱交換して凝縮する。その際、加熱された空気が室内に供給されて室内の暖房が行われる。この凝縮した液冷媒は、第2膨張弁(32)および液分岐管(12a)を通って第1液配管(12)に合流する。この液冷媒は、第2の流入通路(18b)を通ってレシーバ(25)を経た後、第1の流出通路(19a)の第1膨張弁(24)で減圧され、第2液配管(14)から室外熱交換器(23)へ流れ、室外ファンにより取り込まれた室外空気と熱交換して蒸発する。その後、蒸発したガス冷媒は、第2ガス配管(15)、四路切換弁(22)および吸入配管(21b)を順次経て再び圧縮機(21)に戻り、この冷媒循環を繰り返す。   When the compressor (21) is driven in the state of the refrigerant circuit (10) described above, the gas refrigerant compressed by the compressor (21) is discharged from the discharge pipe (21a), the four-way switching valve (22), and the first After sequentially passing through the gas pipe (11), it is diverted to each gas branch pipe (11a) and flows to each indoor unit (30). In each indoor unit (30), the gas refrigerant is condensed by exchanging heat with the indoor air taken in by the indoor fan in the indoor heat exchanger (31). At that time, heated air is supplied to the room and the room is heated. The condensed liquid refrigerant joins the first liquid pipe (12) through the second expansion valve (32) and the liquid branch pipe (12a). This liquid refrigerant passes through the second inflow passage (18b), passes through the receiver (25), and then is depressurized by the first expansion valve (24) of the first outflow passage (19a), and the second liquid pipe (14 ) To the outdoor heat exchanger (23) and evaporates by exchanging heat with the outdoor air taken in by the outdoor fan. Thereafter, the evaporated gas refrigerant sequentially returns to the compressor (21) through the second gas pipe (15), the four-way switching valve (22) and the suction pipe (21b), and repeats this refrigerant circulation.

〈温水暖房運転〉
この温水暖房運転は、外気温が低い(暖房負荷が大きい)場合に行なわれる。この温水暖房運転では、まず、冷媒回路(10)の圧縮機(21)が停止している状態において、四路切換弁(22)を図1の実線側の状態に切り換え、また、室外機(20)の第1膨張弁(24)を閉じる。そして、上記温水ユニット(40)における第3膨張弁(41)の開度が所定開度に設定され、各室内機(30)における第2膨張弁(32)の開度が全開状態に設定される。
<Hot water heating operation>
This hot water heating operation is performed when the outside air temperature is low (the heating load is large). In this hot water heating operation, first, in a state where the compressor (21) of the refrigerant circuit (10) is stopped, the four-way switching valve (22) is switched to the state on the solid line side in FIG. 20) Close the first expansion valve (24). And the opening degree of the 3rd expansion valve (41) in the said warm water unit (40) is set to predetermined opening degree, and the opening degree of the 2nd expansion valve (32) in each indoor unit (30) is set to a full open state. The

上述した冷媒回路(10)の状態で、圧縮機(21)を駆動すると、該圧縮機(21)で圧縮されたガス冷媒は、吐出配管(21a)、四路切換弁(22)および第1ガス配管(11)を順次経た後、各ガス分岐管(11a)に分流して各室内機(30)に流れる。該各室内機(30)において、ガス冷媒は、室内熱交換器(31)にて室内ファンにより取り込まれた室内空気と熱交換して凝縮する。その際、加熱された空気が室内に供給されて室内の暖房が行われる。この凝縮した液冷媒は、第2膨張弁(32)および液分岐管(12a)を通って第1液配管(12)に合流する。この合流した液冷媒は、分岐配管(43)に流れる。この液冷媒は、入口配管(44)を通って温水ユニット(40)に流れ、第3膨張弁(41)で減圧された後、温水熱交換器(42)にて温水配管(50)を流れる温水と熱交換して蒸発する。この蒸発したガス冷媒は、出口配管(45)および吸入配管(21b)を通って再び圧縮機(21)に戻り、この冷媒循環を繰り返す。   When the compressor (21) is driven in the state of the refrigerant circuit (10) described above, the gas refrigerant compressed by the compressor (21) is discharged from the discharge pipe (21a), the four-way switching valve (22), and the first After sequentially passing through the gas pipe (11), it is diverted to each gas branch pipe (11a) and flows to each indoor unit (30). In each indoor unit (30), the gas refrigerant is condensed by exchanging heat with the indoor air taken in by the indoor fan in the indoor heat exchanger (31). At that time, heated air is supplied to the room and the room is heated. The condensed liquid refrigerant joins the first liquid pipe (12) through the second expansion valve (32) and the liquid branch pipe (12a). The merged liquid refrigerant flows into the branch pipe (43). This liquid refrigerant flows into the hot water unit (40) through the inlet pipe (44), is decompressed by the third expansion valve (41), and then flows through the hot water pipe (50) in the hot water heat exchanger (42). Evaporates by exchanging heat with warm water. The evaporated gas refrigerant returns to the compressor (21) again through the outlet pipe (45) and the suction pipe (21b), and the refrigerant circulation is repeated.

ここで、上記温水ユニット(40)の周囲温度は、外気温よりも高い。したがって、上記温水熱交換器(42)の温水の温度が著しく低下したり、また温水が凍結したりすることはない。これにより、温水暖房運転において、常時温水を熱源として確保することができるので、高い暖房能力を確実に得ることができる Here, the ambient temperature of the hot water unit (40) is higher than the outside air temperature. Therefore, the temperature of the warm water in the warm water heat exchanger (42) does not drop significantly, and the warm water does not freeze. Thereby, in warm water heating operation, since warm water can always be secured as a heat source, a high heating capacity can be reliably obtained .

−実施形態の効果−
以上説明したように、本実施形態1によれば、温水ユニット(40)を屋内に設置するようにしたので、温水熱交換器(42)の温水の温度低下を抑制することができ、また温水が凍結するのを防止することができる。つまり、温水の放熱量を抑制することができる。これにより、外気温が著しく低い場合であっても、温水を熱源として確実に利用することができるため、常時高い暖房能力を得ることができる。この結果、装置の信頼性向上を図ることができる。また、ヒータ等の加熱手段を設けなくてもすむため、装置の小型化を図ることができる。
-Effect of the embodiment-
As described above, according to the first embodiment, since the hot water unit (40) is installed indoors, the temperature drop of the hot water in the hot water heat exchanger (42) can be suppressed. Can be prevented from freezing. That is, the heat dissipation amount of warm water can be suppressed. Thereby, even if the outside air temperature is extremely low, the hot water can be reliably used as a heat source, so that a high heating capacity can be always obtained. As a result, the reliability of the apparatus can be improved. Further, since it is not necessary to provide a heating means such as a heater, the apparatus can be reduced in size.

また、上記分岐配管(43)の入口配管(44)も屋内に配置するように、つまり温水熱交換器(42)と第1液配管(12)とを接続する配管部を屋内に配置するようにしたので、入口配管(44)の一部を屋外に配置した場合(例えば、入口配管(44)を室外機(20)内の第1液配管(12)に接続した場合)よりも屋外と屋内との連絡配管を1本減らすことができる。したがって、配管施工の簡易化を図ることができる。   In addition, the inlet pipe (44) of the branch pipe (43) is also arranged indoors, that is, the pipe part connecting the hot water heat exchanger (42) and the first liquid pipe (12) is arranged indoors. Therefore, when part of the inlet pipe (44) is placed outdoors (for example, when the inlet pipe (44) is connected to the first liquid pipe (12) in the outdoor unit (20)) It is possible to reduce one indoor connection pipe. Therefore, simplification of piping construction can be achieved.

《発明の参考形態1
参考形態1の空気調和装置(1)は、図2に示すように、上述した実施形態1が分岐配管(43)の入口配管(44)を第1液配管(12)に接続したのに代えて、入口配管(44)を冷媒調整回路(13)の一方向通路(17)に接続したものである。
<< Reference Form 1 of the Invention >>
As shown in FIG. 2, the air conditioner (1) of the present embodiment 1 is that the above-described embodiment 1 connects the inlet pipe (44) of the branch pipe (43) to the first liquid pipe (12). Instead, the inlet pipe (44) is connected to the one-way passage (17) of the refrigerant adjustment circuit (13).

具体的に、上記分岐配管(43)の入口配管(44)は、一端が実施形態1と同様に第3膨張弁(41)を介して温水熱交換器(42)に接続されている。一方、上記入口配管(44)の他端は、屋内から屋外の室外機(20)内へ延び、液配管である一方向通路(17)におけるレシーバ(25)の下流側に接続されている。つまり、上記分岐配管(43)は、一端が圧縮機(21)の吸込側に接続され、他端が第1膨張弁(24)とレシーバ(25)との間の液配管に接続されている。   Specifically, one end of the inlet pipe (44) of the branch pipe (43) is connected to the hot water heat exchanger (42) via the third expansion valve (41) as in the first embodiment. On the other hand, the other end of the inlet pipe (44) extends from the indoor to the outdoor outdoor unit (20) and is connected to the downstream side of the receiver (25) in the one-way passage (17) which is a liquid pipe. That is, one end of the branch pipe (43) is connected to the suction side of the compressor (21), and the other end is connected to a liquid pipe between the first expansion valve (24) and the receiver (25). .

上記温水ユニット(40)は、入口配管(44)と出口配管(45)とによって室外機(20)に接続されている。つまり、本参考形態1の空気調和装置(1)は、屋外と屋内とを結ぶ連絡配管として第1ガス配管(11)、第1液配管(12)、入口配管(44)および出口配管(45)の4本を有している。 The hot water unit (40) is connected to the outdoor unit (20) by an inlet pipe (44) and an outlet pipe (45). In other words, the air conditioner (1) of the first embodiment has a first gas pipe (11), a first liquid pipe (12), an inlet pipe (44), and an outlet pipe (45) as communication pipes connecting the outside and the indoor. 4).

上記冷媒回路(10)における温水暖房運転では、室内機(30)にて凝縮した液冷媒が液分岐管(12a)を通って第1液配管(12)に合流し、室外機(20)における冷媒調整回路(13)に流れる。この液冷媒は、第1液配管(12)から第2の流入通路(18b)を通って一方向通路(17)のレシーバ(25)を経た後、分岐配管(43)に流れる。そして、この液冷媒は、実施形態1と同様に温水熱交換器(42)で温水と熱交換して蒸発して再び圧縮機(21)に戻り、この冷媒循環を繰り返す。   In the hot water heating operation in the refrigerant circuit (10), the liquid refrigerant condensed in the indoor unit (30) passes through the liquid branch pipe (12a) and joins the first liquid pipe (12), and in the outdoor unit (20). It flows to the refrigerant adjustment circuit (13). The liquid refrigerant flows from the first liquid pipe (12) to the branch pipe (43) after passing through the receiver (25) of the one-way passage (17) through the second inflow passage (18b). And this liquid refrigerant heat-exchanges with warm water with a warm water heat exchanger (42) similarly to Embodiment 1, evaporates, returns to a compressor (21) again, and repeats this refrigerant circulation.

このように、本参考形態1では、分岐配管(43)の入口配管(44)を一方向通路(17)におけるレシーバ(25)の下流側に接続するようにしたため、温水暖房運転時においても室外機(20)内のレシーバ(25)を経由して冷媒を循環させることができる。これにより、暖房負荷の変動によって循環経路内で生じる冷媒の過不足を調整することができる。したがって、温水暖房運転時においても効率のよい運転を行うことができる。 Thus, in this reference form 1 , since the inlet pipe (44) of the branch pipe (43) is connected to the downstream side of the receiver (25) in the one-way passage (17), the outdoor pipe is also used during the hot water heating operation. The refrigerant can be circulated through the receiver (25) in the machine (20). Thereby, the excess and deficiency of the refrigerant | coolant which arises in a circulation path by the fluctuation | variation of heating load can be adjusted. Therefore, an efficient operation can be performed even during the hot water heating operation.

また、上記温水ユニット(40)内または屋内に室外機(20)のレシーバ(25)とは別個に新たなレシーバを設けなくてもすむため、装置の大型化および冷媒回路(10)の複雑化を抑制することができる。その他の構造、作用および効果は、屋外屋内間における連絡配管の本数増加(3本→4本)の点を除いて実施形態1と同様である。   In addition, it is not necessary to install a new receiver separately from the receiver (25) of the outdoor unit (20) in the hot water unit (40) or indoors, so that the size of the apparatus and the refrigerant circuit (10) are complicated. Can be suppressed. Other structures, functions, and effects are the same as those of the first embodiment except that the number of communication pipes between outdoor indoors is increased (3 → 4).

《発明の参考形態2
参考形態2の空気調和装置(1)は、図3に示すように、上述した参考形態1における室外機(20)を室外熱交換器(23)のみで構成するようにしたものである。つまり、本参考形態2では、参考形態1において、室外熱交換器(23)のみを屋外に設置するようにした。
<< Reference Form 2 of the Invention >>
As shown in FIG. 3, the air conditioner (1) of the present reference embodiment 2 is configured such that the outdoor unit (20) in the above-described reference embodiment 1 is configured by only the outdoor heat exchanger (23). That is, in this reference form 2 , in the reference form 1 , only the outdoor heat exchanger (23) was installed outdoors.

具体的に、上記室外機(20)は、室外熱交換器(23)のみを備えている。そして、この室外機(20)は、屋外に設置されている。一方、上記温水ユニット(40)は、第3膨張弁(41)および温水熱交換器(42)の他に、圧縮機(21)、四路切換弁(22)および冷媒調整回路(13)を備えている。そして、この温水ユニット(40)は、屋内に設置されている。   Specifically, the outdoor unit (20) includes only the outdoor heat exchanger (23). And this outdoor unit (20) is installed outdoors. On the other hand, the warm water unit (40) includes, in addition to the third expansion valve (41) and the warm water heat exchanger (42), a compressor (21), a four-way switching valve (22), and a refrigerant adjustment circuit (13). I have. And this warm water unit (40) is installed indoors.

上記室外機(20)は、第2液配管(14)と第2ガス配管(15)とによって屋内の温水ユニット(40)にのみ接続されている。また、上記温水ユニット(40)は、屋内において、ガス分岐管(11a)を含めた第1ガス配管(11)と液分岐管(12a)を含めた第1液配管(12)とによって各室内機(30)に接続されている。つまり、本参考形態2の空気調和装置(1)は、屋外と屋内とを結ぶ連絡配管として第2液配管(14)および第2ガス配管(15)の2本を有している。 The outdoor unit (20) is connected only to the indoor hot water unit (40) by the second liquid pipe (14) and the second gas pipe (15). In addition, the hot water unit (40) is provided indoors by a first gas pipe (11) including a gas branch pipe (11a) and a first liquid pipe (12) including a liquid branch pipe (12a). Connected to the machine (30). That is, the air conditioner (1) of the present embodiment 2 has two pipes, a second liquid pipe (14) and a second gas pipe (15), as connecting pipes connecting the outdoors and the indoors.

このように、本参考形態2では、室外機(20)を室外熱交換器(23)のみで構成するようにしたため、つまり室外熱交換器(23)のみを屋外に設置するようにしたため、屋外と屋内との連絡配管を4本から2本に減らすことができる。したがって、配管施工の簡易化を図ることができる。 Thus, in this reference form 2 , since the outdoor unit (20) is configured only by the outdoor heat exchanger (23), that is, only the outdoor heat exchanger (23) is installed outdoors, And indoor piping can be reduced from four to two. Therefore, simplification of piping construction can be achieved.

また、上記連絡配管の本数を減らすことができることから、冷媒回路(10)に充填する冷媒量を減らすことができる。したがって、装置の低コスト化を図ることができる。その他の構造、作用および効果は、参考形態1と同様である。 Further, since the number of the connecting pipes can be reduced, the amount of refrigerant charged in the refrigerant circuit (10) can be reduced. Therefore, the cost of the apparatus can be reduced. Other structures, operations, and effects are the same as those in the first embodiment .

《発明の実施形態
本実施形態の空気調和装置(1)は、図4に示すように、上述した実施形態1における冷媒回路(10)に、レシーバ(25)を加圧する加圧手段(60)とレシーバ(25)を減圧する減圧手段(70)とを設けると共に、該加圧手段(60)および減圧手段(70)を制御する制御手段(65,75)を設けるようにしたものである。
<< Embodiment 2 of the Invention >>
As shown in FIG. 4, the air conditioner (1) of the second embodiment includes a pressurizing means (60) and a receiver (25) that pressurize the receiver (25) to the refrigerant circuit (10) in the first embodiment described above. ) And a control means (65, 75) for controlling the pressurization means (60) and the decompression means (70).

具体的に、上記加圧手段(60)および減圧手段(70)は、室外機(20)内に設けられている。上記加圧手段(60)は、冷媒配管である加圧用配管(61)を備えている。この加圧用配管(61)は、一端が吐出配管(21a)に接続される一方、他端が一方向通路(17)におけるレシーバ(25)の上流側に接続されている。つまり、この加圧用配管(61)は、受液器であるレシーバ(25)の入口側と圧縮機(21)の吐出側との間に接続されている。そして、上記加圧用配管(61)には、吐出配管(21a)側から順に開閉弁である加圧電磁弁(62)と膨張機構であるキャピラリチューブ(63)とが設けられている。上記加圧手段(60)は、加圧電磁弁(62)が開状態になると、圧縮機(21)の吐出圧力によってレシーバ(25)内が加圧され、レシーバ(25)から液冷媒が一方向通路(17)を通じて液配管である第1液配管(12)に放出されるように構成されている。   Specifically, the pressurizing means (60) and the decompression means (70) are provided in the outdoor unit (20). The pressurizing means (60) includes a pressurizing pipe (61) that is a refrigerant pipe. One end of the pressurizing pipe (61) is connected to the discharge pipe (21a), and the other end is connected to the upstream side of the receiver (25) in the one-way passage (17). That is, the pressurizing pipe (61) is connected between the inlet side of the receiver (25) as a liquid receiver and the discharge side of the compressor (21). The pressurizing pipe (61) is provided with a pressurizing solenoid valve (62) as an on-off valve and a capillary tube (63) as an expansion mechanism in order from the discharge pipe (21a) side. When the pressurizing solenoid valve (62) is in an open state, the pressurizing means (60) pressurizes the interior of the receiver (25) by the discharge pressure of the compressor (21), and the liquid refrigerant is fed from the receiver (25). It is comprised so that it may discharge | release to the 1st liquid piping (12) which is a liquid piping through a direction channel | path (17).

一方、上記減圧手段(70)は、冷媒配管である減圧用配管(71)を備えている。この減圧用配管(71)は、一端がレシーバ(25)に接続される一方、他端が分岐配管(43)の出口配管(45)に接続されている。つまり、この減圧用配管(71)は、受液器であるレシーバ(25)と圧縮機(21)の吸込側との間に接続されている。そして、上記減圧用配管(71)には、レシーバ(25)側から順に開閉弁である減圧電磁弁(72)と膨張機構であるキャピラリチューブ(73)とが設けられている。上記減圧手段(70)は、減圧電磁弁(72)が開状態になると、圧縮機(21)の吸入圧力によってレシーバ(25)内が減圧され、液配管である第1液配管(12)より液冷媒が第2の流入通路(18b)を通じてレシーバ(25)に回収されるように構成されている。   On the other hand, the decompression means (70) includes a decompression pipe (71) which is a refrigerant pipe. One end of the decompression pipe (71) is connected to the receiver (25), and the other end is connected to the outlet pipe (45) of the branch pipe (43). That is, the decompression pipe (71) is connected between the receiver (25) as a liquid receiver and the suction side of the compressor (21). The pressure reducing pipe (71) is provided with a pressure reducing electromagnetic valve (72) as an on-off valve and a capillary tube (73) as an expansion mechanism in order from the receiver (25) side. When the pressure reducing solenoid valve (72) is opened, the pressure reducing means (70) is depressurized in the receiver (25) by the suction pressure of the compressor (21), and is supplied from the first liquid pipe (12) which is a liquid pipe. The liquid refrigerant is collected in the receiver (25) through the second inflow passage (18b).

上記冷媒回路(10)は、室内熱交換器(31)と第2膨張弁(32)との間の配管に設けられた液温度センサ(3C)と、室外機(20)内における出口配管(45)に設けられたガス温度センサ(4H)とを備えている。上記液温度センサ(3C)は、温水暖房運転時(暖房サイクル時)に、室内熱交換器(31)より流出した冷媒の過冷却度を検出する温度検出手段に構成されている。一方、上記ガス温度センサ(4H)は、温水暖房運転時(暖房サイクル時)に、温水熱交換器(42)より流出した冷媒の過熱度を検出する温度検出手段に構成されている。   The refrigerant circuit (10) includes a liquid temperature sensor (3C) provided in a pipe between the indoor heat exchanger (31) and the second expansion valve (32), and an outlet pipe in the outdoor unit (20) ( And a gas temperature sensor (4H) provided in 45). The liquid temperature sensor (3C) is configured as temperature detection means for detecting the degree of supercooling of the refrigerant that has flowed out of the indoor heat exchanger (31) during the hot water heating operation (during the heating cycle). On the other hand, the gas temperature sensor (4H) is configured as temperature detection means for detecting the degree of superheat of the refrigerant that has flowed out of the hot water heat exchanger (42) during the hot water heating operation (during the heating cycle).

上記加圧手段(60)および減圧手段(70)は、コントローラ(80)によって制御され、該コントローラ(80)は、加圧制御手段(65)および減圧制御手段(75)を備えている。上記加圧制御手段(65)は、液温度センサ(3C)の検出温度と、第2膨張弁(32)の開度と、ガス温度センサ(4H)の検出温度とに基づいて加圧電磁弁(62)の開閉を行うように構成されている。つまり、上記加圧制御手段(65)は、室内熱交換器(31)の出口側の冷媒過冷却度と、第2膨張弁(32)の開度と、温水熱交換器(42)の出口側の冷媒過熱度とに基づいて加圧手段(60)の加圧および加圧停止を制御するように構成されている。   The pressurizing means (60) and the depressurizing means (70) are controlled by a controller (80), and the controller (80) includes a pressurizing control means (65) and a depressurizing control means (75). The pressurizing control means (65) is a pressurizing solenoid valve based on the detected temperature of the liquid temperature sensor (3C), the opening of the second expansion valve (32), and the detected temperature of the gas temperature sensor (4H). (62) is configured to open and close. That is, the pressurization control means (65) includes the refrigerant subcooling degree on the outlet side of the indoor heat exchanger (31), the opening degree of the second expansion valve (32), and the outlet of the hot water heat exchanger (42). The pressurization means (60) is configured to control the pressurization and the pressurization stop based on the refrigerant superheat degree on the side.

一方、上記減圧制御手段(75)は、液温度センサ(3C)の検出温度と、第2膨張弁(32)の開度とに基づいて減圧電磁弁(72)の開閉を行うように構成されている。つまり、上記減圧制御手段(75)は、室内熱交換器(31)の出口側の冷媒過冷却度と、第2膨張弁(32)の開度とに基づいて減圧手段(70)の減圧および減圧停止を制御するように構成されている。   On the other hand, the pressure reducing control means (75) is configured to open and close the pressure reducing electromagnetic valve (72) based on the temperature detected by the liquid temperature sensor (3C) and the opening of the second expansion valve (32). ing. In other words, the decompression control means (75) is configured to reduce the decompression means (70) and the decompression means (70) based on the refrigerant supercooling degree on the outlet side of the indoor heat exchanger (31) and the opening of the second expansion valve (32). The decompression stop is controlled.

次に、上記温水暖房運転時における加圧制御手段(65)および減圧制御手段(75)の具体的な制御方法について、図5および図6を参照しながら説明する。   Next, specific control methods of the pressurization control means (65) and the decompression control means (75) during the hot water heating operation will be described with reference to FIGS.

上記冷媒回路(10)では、暖房負荷の変動によって冷媒量の過不足が生じる。例えば、外気温が高い(暖房負荷が小さい)場合には、循環する冷媒量が不足し、一方、外気温が低い(暖房負荷が大きい)場合には、循環する冷媒量が過剰になる。   In the refrigerant circuit (10), the refrigerant amount is excessive or insufficient due to fluctuations in the heating load. For example, when the outside air temperature is high (the heating load is small), the circulating refrigerant amount is insufficient, while when the outside air temperature is low (the heating load is large), the circulating refrigerant amount is excessive.

上記加圧制御手段(65)は、図5に示すように、ステップST1の加圧電磁弁(62)がOFFの閉じている状態において、冷媒量が不足し、液温度センサ(3C)の冷媒過冷却度および第2膨張弁(32)の開度がそれぞれ所定値Aおよび所定値Bより小さく、且つ、ガス温度センサ(4H)の冷媒過熱度が所定値Cより大きくなると、ステップST2に移り、加圧電磁弁(62)をONして開ける。この場合、上記圧縮機(21)のガス冷媒が加圧用配管(61)を通じてレシーバ(25)に送り込まれることによってレシーバ(25)内が加圧され、レシーバ(25)から液冷媒が一方向通路(17)に放出される。この放出された液冷媒は、第2の流出通路(19b)から第1液配管(12)を通って分岐配管(43)の入口配管(44)に流れる。これにより、温水暖房運転時の冷媒の循環経路における冷媒量の不足を補うことができる。   As shown in FIG. 5, the pressurization control means (65) has a refrigerant amount that is insufficient in the state where the pressurization electromagnetic valve (62) in step ST1 is closed, and the refrigerant of the liquid temperature sensor (3C). When the degree of supercooling and the opening degree of the second expansion valve (32) are smaller than the predetermined value A and the predetermined value B, respectively, and the refrigerant superheat degree of the gas temperature sensor (4H) is larger than the predetermined value C, the process proceeds to step ST2. Then, open the pressurizing solenoid valve (62). In this case, the gas refrigerant of the compressor (21) is sent into the receiver (25) through the pressurizing pipe (61), so that the interior of the receiver (25) is pressurized, and the liquid refrigerant passes from the receiver (25) to the one-way passage. Released to (17). The discharged liquid refrigerant flows from the second outflow passage (19b) to the inlet pipe (44) of the branch pipe (43) through the first liquid pipe (12). Thereby, the shortage of the refrigerant amount in the refrigerant circulation path during the hot water heating operation can be compensated.

そして、上記加圧制御手段(65)は、ステップST2の加圧電磁弁(62)がONの開いている状態において、液温度センサ(3C)の冷媒過冷却度が所定値Dより大きくなるか、第2膨張弁(32)の開度が所定値Eより大きくなるか、またガス温度センサ(4H)の冷媒過熱度が所定値Fより大きくなるかの条件のうち、少なくとも何れか1つの条件を満足すると、ステップST1に戻り、加圧電磁弁(62)をOFFして閉じる。これにより、温水暖房運転時における通常の冷媒循環に戻る。   The pressurization control means (65) determines whether the refrigerant supercooling degree of the liquid temperature sensor (3C) is greater than a predetermined value D in a state where the pressurization solenoid valve (62) in step ST2 is open. In addition, at least one of the conditions of whether the opening of the second expansion valve (32) is larger than a predetermined value E and whether the refrigerant superheat degree of the gas temperature sensor (4H) is larger than a predetermined value F. If satisfied, the process returns to step ST1, and the pressurizing solenoid valve (62) is turned off and closed. Thereby, it returns to the normal refrigerant circulation at the time of warm water heating operation.

上記減圧制御手段(75)は、図6に示すように、ステップST3の減圧電磁弁(72)がOFFの閉じている状態において、冷媒量が過剰になり、液温度センサ(3C)の冷媒過冷却度および第2膨張弁(32)の開度がそれぞれ所定値Gおよび所定値Hより大きくなると、ステップST4に移り、減圧電磁弁(72)をONして開ける。この場合、上記レシーバ(25)のガス冷媒が減圧用配管(71)を通じて圧縮機(21)に吸入されることによってレシーバ(25)内が減圧され、第1液配管(12)より液冷媒が第2の流入通路(18b)を通じてレシーバ(25)に回収される。これに伴い、温水暖房運転時の冷媒の循環経路における過剰な冷媒を回収することができる。   As shown in FIG. 6, the decompression control means (75) has an excessive amount of refrigerant in a state where the decompression electromagnetic valve (72) in step ST3 is closed, and the refrigerant temperature sensor (3C) has excessive refrigerant. When the degree of cooling and the opening degree of the second expansion valve (32) become larger than the predetermined value G and the predetermined value H, respectively, the process proceeds to step ST4, where the pressure reducing electromagnetic valve (72) is turned on and opened. In this case, the gas refrigerant in the receiver (25) is sucked into the compressor (21) through the decompression pipe (71), whereby the pressure in the receiver (25) is reduced, and the liquid refrigerant is discharged from the first liquid pipe (12). It is collected by the receiver (25) through the second inflow passage (18b). Accordingly, it is possible to recover excess refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation path during the hot water heating operation.

そして、上記減圧制御手段(75)は、ステップST4の減圧電磁弁(72)がONの開いている状態において、液温度センサ(3C)の冷媒過冷却度が所定値Iより小さくなるか、また第2膨張弁(32)の開度が所定値Jより小さくなるかの条件のうち、少なくとも何れか1つの条件を満足すると、ステップST3に戻り、減圧電磁弁(72)をOFFして閉じる。これにより、温水暖房運転時における通常の冷媒循環に戻る。   The decompression control means (75) determines whether the refrigerant supercooling degree of the liquid temperature sensor (3C) is smaller than a predetermined value I when the decompression solenoid valve (72) in step ST4 is open. If at least one of the conditions for whether the opening of the second expansion valve (32) is smaller than the predetermined value J is satisfied, the process returns to step ST3, and the pressure reducing solenoid valve (72) is turned OFF and closed. Thereby, it returns to the normal refrigerant circulation at the time of warm water heating operation.

このように、本実施形態では、レシーバ(25)の液冷媒を第1液配管(12)に供給するための加圧手段(60)と、第1液配管(12)より液冷媒をレシーバ(25)に回収するための減圧手段(70)とを設けるようにしたため、別個に新たなレシーバを設けることなく、温水暖房運転時においても暖房負荷の変動によって循環経路内で生じる冷媒の過不足を調整することができる。したがって、装置の大型化を抑制することができると共に、運転の高効率化を図ることができる。 Thus, in the second embodiment, the pressure refrigerant (60) for supplying the liquid refrigerant of the receiver (25) to the first liquid pipe (12) and the liquid refrigerant from the first liquid pipe (12) are received by the receiver. Since the decompression means (70) for recovery is provided in (25), excess or deficiency of the refrigerant generated in the circulation path due to fluctuations in the heating load even during hot water heating operation without separately providing a new receiver Can be adjusted. Therefore, the enlargement of the apparatus can be suppressed and the efficiency of operation can be increased.

また、冷媒の過冷却度などに基づいてレシーバ(25)の加圧および減圧を制御するようにしたため、確実に液冷媒の供給および回収を行うことができる。したがって、冷媒量の過不足を確実に調整することができる。   In addition, since the pressurization and decompression of the receiver (25) are controlled based on the degree of supercooling of the refrigerant, the liquid refrigerant can be reliably supplied and recovered. Therefore, the excess or deficiency of the refrigerant amount can be adjusted with certainty.

また、屋外屋内間における連絡配管の本数を増加させることなく、室外機(20)のレシーバ(25)を利用して冷媒量の過不足を調整することができるので、配管施工の作業効率低下を防止することができる。また、上記連絡配管の本数が増加しないことから、冷媒回路(10)に充填する冷媒量を減らすことができるので、コスト低減を図ることができる。その他の構造、作用および効果は、実施形態1と同様である。   In addition, it is possible to adjust the excess or deficiency of the refrigerant amount by using the receiver (25) of the outdoor unit (20) without increasing the number of communication pipes between outdoor indoors. Can be prevented. Further, since the number of the connecting pipes does not increase, the amount of refrigerant charged in the refrigerant circuit (10) can be reduced, so that the cost can be reduced. Other structures, operations, and effects are the same as those in the first embodiment.

《その他の実施形態》
本発明は、上記実施形態について、以下のような構成としてもよい。
<< Other Embodiments >>
The present invention may be configured as follows with respect to the above embodiment.

例えば、上記各実施形態では、冷暖兼用の空気調和装置(1)としたが、本発明は暖房専用の空気調和装置にも適用することができる。 For example, in each of the above embodiments, the air conditioner (1) is used for both cooling and heating, but the present invention can also be applied to an air conditioner dedicated to heating.

以上説明したように、本発明は、温水を熱源として暖房を行う空気調和装置として有用である。   As described above, the present invention is useful as an air conditioner that performs heating using hot water as a heat source.

実施形態1に係る空気調和装置の冷媒回路図である。1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of an air conditioner according to Embodiment 1. FIG. 参考形態1に係る空気調和装置の冷媒回路図である。It is a refrigerant circuit figure of the air harmony device concerning reference form 1 . 参考形態2に係る空気調和装置の冷媒回路図である。It is a refrigerant circuit diagram of the air conditioning apparatus which concerns on the reference form 2 . 実施形態に係る空気調和装置の冷媒回路図である。6 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of an air conditioner according to Embodiment 2. FIG. 実施形態に係る減圧手段の制御を示すフロー図である。10 is a flowchart showing control of a decompression unit according to Embodiment 2. FIG. 実施形態に係る加圧手段の制御を示すフロー図である。10 is a flowchart showing control of a pressurizing unit according to Embodiment 2. FIG.

1 空気調和装置
10 冷媒回路
12 第1液配管(液配管)
21 圧縮機
23 室外熱交換器(空気熱交換器、熱源側熱交換器)
24 第1膨張弁(膨張機構)
25 レシーバ(受液器)
31 室内熱交換器(利用側熱交換器)
32 第2膨張弁(膨張機構)
41 第3膨張弁
42 温水熱交換器(熱源側熱交換器)
43 分岐配管
60 加圧手段
61 加圧用配管
62 加圧電磁弁(開閉弁)
65 加圧制御手段
70 減圧手段
71 減圧用配管
72 減圧電磁弁(開閉弁)
75 減圧制御手段
1 Air conditioner
10 Refrigerant circuit
12 First liquid piping (liquid piping)
21 Compressor
23 Outdoor heat exchanger (air heat exchanger, heat source side heat exchanger)
24 First expansion valve (expansion mechanism)
25 Receiver
31 Indoor heat exchanger (use side heat exchanger)
32 Second expansion valve (expansion mechanism)
41 3rd expansion valve
42 Hot water heat exchanger (heat source side heat exchanger)
43 Branch piping
60 Pressurizing means
61 Pressure piping
62 Pressurized solenoid valve (open / close valve)
65 Pressure control means
70 Pressure reducing means
71 Piping for pressure reduction
72 Pressure reducing solenoid valve (open / close valve)
75 Pressure reduction control means

Claims (4)

圧縮機(21)と熱源側熱交換器(23,42)と膨張機構(24,32)と利用側熱交換器(31)とが配管接続された蒸気圧縮式冷凍サイクルの冷媒回路(10)を備え、
上記熱源側熱交換器(23,42)は、冷媒が室外空気と熱交換する空気熱交換器(23)を備えると共に、冷媒が温水と熱交換する温水熱交換器(42)を備え、
上記膨張機構(24,32)は、空気熱交換器(23)のための第1膨張弁(24)と利用側熱交換器(31)のための第2膨張弁(32)とを備え、
上記第1膨張弁(24)と第2膨張弁(32)との間の液配管には、受液器(25)が設けられる一方、
上記冷媒回路(10)は、暖房サイクル時に空気熱交換器(23)および温水熱交換器(42)の何れか一方を蒸発器とするように構成された空気調和装置であって、
上記圧縮機(21)、空気熱交換器(23)、第1膨張弁(24)および受液器(25)は屋外に設置される一方、上記利用側熱交換器(31)、第2膨張弁(32)および温水熱交換器(42)屋内に設置され
上記温水熱交換器(42)には入口配管(44)および出口配管(45)の一端がそれぞれ接続され、上記入口配管(44)の他端は温水熱交換器(42)のための第3膨張弁(41)を介して受液器(25)と第2膨張弁(32)との間の液配管のうち屋内に配置される部分に接続され、上記出口配管(45)の他端は圧縮機(21)の吸込側に接続されている
ことを特徴とする空気調和装置。
Refrigerant circuit (10) of the vapor compression refrigeration cycle in which the compressor (21), the heat source side heat exchanger (23, 42), the expansion mechanism (24, 32), and the use side heat exchanger (31) are connected by piping. With
The heat source side heat exchanger (23, 42) includes an air heat exchanger (23) in which the refrigerant exchanges heat with outdoor air, and a hot water heat exchanger (42) in which the refrigerant exchanges heat with hot water.
The expansion mechanism (24, 32) includes a first expansion valve (24) for the air heat exchanger (23) and a second expansion valve (32) for the use side heat exchanger (31),
The liquid pipe between the first expansion valve (24) and the second expansion valve (32) is provided with a liquid receiver (25),
The refrigerant circuit (10) is an air conditioner configured to use either the air heat exchanger (23) or the hot water heat exchanger (42) as an evaporator during a heating cycle,
The compressor (21), the air heat exchanger (23), the first expansion valve (24) and the liquid receiver (25) are installed outdoors, while the use side heat exchanger (31) and the second expansion are installed. The valve (32) and hot water heat exchanger (42) are installed indoors ,
One end of an inlet pipe (44) and an outlet pipe (45) is connected to the hot water heat exchanger (42), and the other end of the inlet pipe (44) is a third for the hot water heat exchanger (42). The other end of the outlet pipe (45) is connected to a portion of the liquid pipe between the liquid receiver (25) and the second expansion valve (32) disposed indoors via the expansion valve (41). An air conditioner connected to the suction side of the compressor (21) .
請求項1において、
上記膨張機構(24,32)は、空気熱交換器(23)のための第1膨張弁(24)と利用側熱交換器(31)のための第2膨張弁(32)とを備え、
上記第1膨張弁(24)と第2膨張弁(32)との間の液配管には、受液器(25)が設けられる一方、
上記受液器(25)を加圧して液冷媒を受液器(25)より液配管に放出させる加圧手段(60)と、上記受液器(25)を減圧して液冷媒を液配管より受液器(25)に回収する減圧手段(70)とを備えている
ことを特徴とする空気調和装置。
In claim 1,
The expansion mechanism (24, 32) includes a first expansion valve (24) for the air heat exchanger (23) and a second expansion valve (32) for the use side heat exchanger (31),
The liquid pipe between the first expansion valve (24) and the second expansion valve (32) is provided with a liquid receiver (25),
Pressurizing means (60) for pressurizing the liquid receiver (25) to release the liquid refrigerant from the liquid receiver (25) to the liquid pipe, and pressure reducing means for reducing the liquid receiver (25) and supplying the liquid refrigerant to the liquid pipe An air conditioner comprising: a pressure reducing means (70) for recovering the liquid receiver (25).
請求項において、
上記温水熱交換器(42)を蒸発器とした暖房サイクル時に、利用側熱交換器(31)の出口側の冷媒過冷却度と第2膨張弁(32)の開度と温水熱交換器(42)の出口側の冷媒過熱度とに基づいて加圧手段(60)の加圧および加圧停止を制御する加圧制御手段(65)と、
上記温水熱交換器(42)を蒸発器とした暖房サイクル時に、利用側熱交換器(31)の出口側の冷媒過冷却度と第2膨張弁(32)の開度とに基づいて減圧手段(70)の減圧および減圧停止を制御する減圧制御手段(75)とを備えている
ことを特徴とする空気調和装置。
In claim 2 ,
During the heating cycle using the hot water heat exchanger (42) as an evaporator, the refrigerant subcooling degree on the outlet side of the use side heat exchanger (31), the opening of the second expansion valve (32), the hot water heat exchanger ( 42) pressurization control means (65) for controlling pressurization and pressurization stop of the pressurization means (60) based on the refrigerant superheat degree on the outlet side of 42),
Pressure reducing means based on the refrigerant subcooling degree on the outlet side of the use side heat exchanger (31) and the opening of the second expansion valve (32) during a heating cycle using the hot water heat exchanger (42) as an evaporator An air conditioner comprising: (70) decompression control means (75) for controlling decompression and decompression stop.
請求項またはにおいて、
上記加圧手段(60)は、受液器(25)の入口側と圧縮機(21)の吐出側との間に接続されて開閉弁(62)を有する加圧用配管(61)を備える一方、
上記減圧手段(70)は、受液器(25)と圧縮機(21)の吸込側とに接続されて開閉弁(72)を有する減圧用配管(71)を備えている
ことを特徴とする空気調和装置。
In claim 2 or 3 ,
The pressurizing means (60) includes a pressurizing pipe (61) having an on-off valve (62) connected between the inlet side of the liquid receiver (25) and the discharge side of the compressor (21). ,
The pressure reducing means (70) includes a pressure reducing pipe (71) having an on-off valve (72) connected to the liquid receiver (25) and the suction side of the compressor (21). Air conditioner.
JP2003368804A 2003-10-29 2003-10-29 Air conditioner Expired - Fee Related JP4380293B2 (en)

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