JP4383391B2

JP4383391B2 - Power storage circuit

Info

Publication number: JP4383391B2
Application number: JP2005197669A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 佳恭武藤; 三昭小林
Original assignee: JR East Consultants Co
Current assignee: JR East Consultants Co
Priority date: 2005-07-06
Filing date: 2005-07-06
Publication date: 2009-12-16
Anticipated expiration: 2025-07-06
Also published as: JP2007020272A

Description

本発明は、複数の微弱な電力を効率良く蓄電する蓄電回路に関する。 The present invention relates to a power storage circuit that efficiently stores a plurality of weak electric powers.

現在、環境問題、需給バランスの不均衡による地下資源の高騰、電力需要の増大による電力不足等から、エネルギー利用のより一層の効率化が求められている。これらの課題を解決する手段における身近なものでは、太陽光発電装置、風力発電装置、車の回生ブレーキ等の発電装置がある。これらの発電装置からは、常に安定した発電出力が得られるわけではなく、影に入る、または風が弱くなると、発電出力は大きく低下する。発電装置の出力電圧がバッテリ電圧に届かないような場合、発電された電力は蓄えられず、無駄に放電される。 At present, there is a need for more efficient use of energy due to environmental problems, soaring underground resources due to imbalance in supply and demand, and power shortage due to increased power demand. Among the familiar means for solving these problems, there are power generation devices such as a solar power generation device, a wind power generation device, and a car regenerative brake. From these power generation devices, a stable power generation output is not always obtained, and the power generation output greatly decreases when entering a shadow or when the wind becomes weak. When the output voltage of the power generator does not reach the battery voltage, the generated power is not stored and is discharged wastefully.

発電装置から生じるこのようなバッテリ電圧よりも低い微弱な電力を無駄なく蓄電しようとする場合、ＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータを用いて発電出力を昇圧する必要がある。ＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータで昇圧してからバッテリに蓄電しても、発電出力が大きい場合、蓄電効率は９５％程度である。 In order to store the weak power lower than the battery voltage generated from the power generation device without waste, it is necessary to boost the power generation output using a DC-DC converter. Even when the voltage is boosted by the DC-DC converter and then stored in the battery, if the power generation output is large, the storage efficiency is about 95%.

しかしながら、発電出力が小さい場合、ＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータの蓄電効率が５０％以下となることもあるなど、蓄電効率が大きく低下するという問題があった。また、微弱な電力を発生する装置および素子が多数存在する場合、ＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータも多数必要になるためコストがかかるという問題があった。 However, when the power generation output is small, there is a problem that the storage efficiency of the DC-DC converter is greatly reduced, such as the storage efficiency of the DC-DC converter may be 50% or less. In addition, when there are a large number of devices and elements that generate weak power, a large number of DC-DC converters are required, resulting in a cost increase.

本発明の目的は、多数の圧電素子、風力発電装置、太陽光発電装置等からの起微弱電力の低損失な蓄電のための原理回路を提供することにある。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a principle circuit for storing low-loss electric power from a large number of piezoelectric elements, wind power generators, solar power generators, and the like.

本発明は、このような目的を達成するために、請求項１に記載の発明は、蓄電回路において、第１および第２の電極を有する複数の第１の蓄電手段と、第１および第２の電極を有し、および第２の電極が常に接地されている第２の蓄電手段と、前記複数の第１の蓄電手段および前記第２の蓄電手段の各々に前記第１の電極から電荷を供給する接地された複数の発電手段と、前記各発電手段から前記各第１の蓄電手段および前記第２の蓄電手段の方向にだけ電荷の移動を可能にする第１の整流手段と、コモン端子、メイク端子、およびブレイク端子を有する複数の同期された切り替え手段であって、各コモン端子が各第１の蓄電手段の第２の電極にそれぞれ接続され、各メイク端子が各第１の蓄電手段および第２の蓄電手段の第１の電極にそれぞれ接続され、各ブレイク端子がそれぞれ接地された切り替え手段と、第１および第２の電極を有し、第１の電極が複数の第１の蓄電手段の内の１つの第１の電極と接続され、および第２の電極が常に接地されている第３の蓄電手段と、第１の蓄電手段から第３の蓄電手段の方向にだけ電荷の移動を可能にする第２の整流手段とを備え、切り替え手段がコモン端子とブレイク端子との接続を確立しているとき、各発電手段が複数の第１の蓄電手段および第２の蓄電手段のそれぞれに個別に蓄電し、切り替え手段がコモン端子とメイク端子との接続が確立されているとき、複数の第１の蓄電手段および第２の蓄電手段のそれぞれが複数の切り替え手段を介して直列接続され、複数の第１の蓄電手段および第２の蓄電手段が第３の蓄電手段に蓄電することを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, in the power storage circuit, in the power storage circuit, a plurality of first power storage means having first and second electrodes, first and second And the second electrode is always grounded, and each of the plurality of first power storage means and the second power storage means is charged with electric charges from the first electrode. A plurality of grounded power generation means to be supplied; a first rectification means that enables electric charge to move only from each of the power generation means in the direction of each of the first power storage means and the second power storage means; and a common terminal A plurality of synchronized switching means having a make terminal and a break terminal, wherein each common terminal is connected to a second electrode of each first power storage means, and each make terminal is each first power storage means And the first electrode of the second power storage means It is being connected, and a switching means for each break terminal is grounded, having a first and a second electrode, connected to one of the first electrode of the first electrode a plurality of first storage means And a third power storage means in which the second electrode is always grounded, and a second rectifying means capable of moving charges only in the direction from the first power storage means to the third power storage means. When the switching means establishes a connection between the common terminal and the break terminal, each power generation means individually stores power in each of the plurality of first power storage means and second power storage means, and the switching means is connected to the common terminal. When the connection with the makeup terminal is established, each of the plurality of first power storage means and the second power storage means is connected in series via the plurality of switching means, and the plurality of first power storage means and the second power storage means The power storage means stores power in the third power storage means. Characterized in that that.

請求項２に記載の発明は、請求項１に記載の蓄電回路であって、前記発電手段は、圧電素子であることを特徴とする。 A second aspect of the present invention is the power storage circuit according to the first aspect, wherein the power generation means is a piezoelectric element.

本発明によれば、複数のキャパシタと、それら各キャパシタの電位を下げ、出力電圧の低い電力でも各キャパシタに蓄電可能にし、またはそれら複数のキャパシタを直列接続する複数の同期されたスイッチと、直列接続された複数のキャパシタの電力を蓄電するキャパシタとを備えたので、起微弱電力の低損失な蓄電が可能となる。 According to the present invention, a plurality of capacitors and a plurality of synchronized switches that lower the potential of each of the capacitors and allow each capacitor to store electricity even with low output voltage power, or connect the plurality of capacitors in series, Since the capacitor for storing the electric power of the plurality of connected capacitors is provided, it is possible to store the low-loss electric power with low loss.

図１に、本発明の一実施形態に係る４層式の蓄電回路を示す。それぞれの圧電素子等から発生した起電力を効率良く貯める本発明の実施形態に係る蓄電回路は、圧電素子１−ａ〜１−ｄ、整流素子２−ａ〜２−ｄ、５、キャパシタ３−ａ〜３−ｄ、６、ＳＰＤＴ（Single Pole Double Throw）スイッチ４−ａ〜４−ｃから成り立つアナログ回路で構成される。 FIG. 1 shows a four-layer power storage circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. The power storage circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention that efficiently stores electromotive force generated from each piezoelectric element or the like includes piezoelectric elements 1-a to 1-d, rectifying elements 2-a to 2-d, 5, and a capacitor 3 a to 3-d, 6, and SPDT (Single Pole Double Throw) switches 4-a to 4-c.

図２に、本発明の実施形態に係る蓄電回路において用いるＳＰＤＴスイッチを示す。コントロール端子８は、電界効果トランジスタ９−ａのゲート電極には直接接続され、電界効果トランジスタ９−ｂのゲート電極にはインバータ１０を介して接続されている。コモン端子５は、電界効果トランジスタ９−ａのソース（ドレイン）電極および電界効果トランジスタ９−ｂのソース（ドレイン）電極に接続されている。また、メイク端子６は、電界効果トランジスタ９−ａのドレイン（ソース）電極に接続され、ブレイク端子７は、電界効果トランジスタ９−ｂのドレイン（ソース）に接続されている。このＳＰＤＴスイッチ４−ａ〜４−ｃのコントロール端子８には、通常コモン端子５とブレイク端子７との間の接続が確立されるように電圧がかけられている。ＳＰＤＴスイッチ４−ａ〜４−ｃは、コントロール端子８にかかる電圧を反転させることにより、コモン端子５とブレイク端子７との間の接続と、コモン端子５とメイク端子６との間の接続とを切り替えることができる。 FIG. 2 shows an SPDT switch used in the power storage circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention. The control terminal 8 is directly connected to the gate electrode of the field effect transistor 9-a, and is connected to the gate electrode of the field effect transistor 9-b via the inverter 10. The common terminal 5 is connected to the source (drain) electrode of the field effect transistor 9-a and the source (drain) electrode of the field effect transistor 9-b. The make terminal 6 is connected to the drain (source) electrode of the field effect transistor 9-a, and the break terminal 7 is connected to the drain (source) of the field effect transistor 9-b. Voltage is applied to the control terminals 8 of the SPDT switches 4-a to 4-c so that the connection between the normal common terminal 5 and the break terminal 7 is established. The SPDT switches 4-a to 4-c invert the voltage applied to the control terminal 8 to connect the common terminal 5 and the break terminal 7, and connect the common terminal 5 and the make terminal 6. Can be switched.

ここで挙げたＳＰＤＴスイッチ４−ａ〜４−ｃの実施形態は一例に過ぎず、ＳＰＤＴスイッチ４−ａ〜４−ｃを異なる機構によって同じ機能を有している他のスイッチで置き換えることもできる。 The embodiments of the SPDT switches 4-a to 4-c listed here are merely examples, and the SPDT switches 4-a to 4-c can be replaced with other switches having the same function by different mechanisms. .

圧電素子１−ａ〜１−ｄは、それぞれ一方の配線を接地され、他方の配線を整流素子２−ａ〜２−ｄのアノードに接続されている。キャパシタ３−ａ〜３−ｄは、一方の配線を整流素子２−ａ〜２−ｄのカソードに接続され、他方の配線をＳＰＤＴスイッチ４−ａ〜４−ｃに接続されている。但し、キャパシタ３−ｄは、ＳＰＤＴスイッチを介さずに直接接地されている。このＳＰＤＴスイッチ４−ａ〜４−ｃは、それぞれブレイク端子が接地され、メイク端子が整流素子２−ｂ〜２−ｄとキャパシタ３−ｂ〜３−ｄとの間から分岐した分岐線に接続されている。また、ＳＰＤＴスイッチ４−ａ〜４−ｃは、全て同期して動作する。つまり、ＳＰＤＴスイッチ４−ａ〜４−ｃを切り替えることにより、各キャパシタ３−ａ〜３−ｄを接地して各圧電素子１−ａ〜１−ｄによる各キャパシタ３−ａ〜３−ｄへの蓄電を行えるようにし、またはキャパシタ３−ａ〜３−ｄを直列接続することができる。 In the piezoelectric elements 1-a to 1-d, one wiring is grounded and the other wiring is connected to the anodes of the rectifying elements 2-a to 2-d. The capacitors 3-a to 3-d have one wiring connected to the cathodes of the rectifying elements 2-a to 2-d and the other wiring connected to the SPDT switches 4-a to 4-c. However, the capacitor 3-d is directly grounded without going through the SPDT switch. Each of the SPDT switches 4-a to 4-c has a break terminal grounded and a make terminal connected to a branch line branched from between the rectifying elements 2-b to 2-d and the capacitors 3-b to 3-d. Has been. The SPDT switches 4-a to 4-c all operate in synchronization. That is, by switching the SPDT switches 4-a to 4-c, the capacitors 3-a to 3-d are grounded to the capacitors 3-a to 3-d by the piezoelectric elements 1-a to 1-d. Can be stored, or the capacitors 3-a to 3-d can be connected in series.

さらに、整流素子２−ａとキャパシタ３−ａとの間から分岐した分岐線は、整流素子２−ｅのアノードに接続され、整流素子２−ｅのカソードは、キャパシタ３−ａ〜３−ｄの定格電圧の和以上の定格電圧を有するキャパシタ３−ｅに接続される。 Further, the branch line branched from between the rectifying element 2-a and the capacitor 3-a is connected to the anode of the rectifying element 2-e, and the cathode of the rectifying element 2-e is connected to the capacitors 3-a to 3-d. To the capacitor 3-e having a rated voltage equal to or higher than the sum of the rated voltages.

各キャパシタ３−ａ〜３−ｄに圧電素子１−ａ〜１−ｄから発生した電力が貯められたところで、同期したＳＰＤＴスイッチ４−ａ〜４−ｃを切り替えて、キャパシタ３−ａ〜３−ｄを直列接続する。キャパシタ３−ａ〜３−ｄを直列接続することにより、電圧はキャパシタ３−ａ〜３−ｄの個々の電圧よりも高くすることができる。このように高められた電圧によって蓄電を行うことにより、キャパシタ３−ｅへの損失の少ない蓄電が可能となる。 When the electric power generated from the piezoelectric elements 1-a to 1-d is stored in the capacitors 3-a to 3-d, the synchronized SPDT switches 4-a to 4-c are switched, and the capacitors 3-a to 3 are switched. -D is connected in series. By connecting the capacitors 3-a to 3-d in series, the voltage can be made higher than the individual voltages of the capacitors 3-a to 3-d. By storing power with the increased voltage in this way, it is possible to store power with little loss to the capacitor 3-e.

本実施形態は、キャパシタ３−ａ〜３−ｅのみを用いた蓄電回路である。しかし本発明は、多数の微弱電力の蓄電が段階的に何段でも拡張可能な電気回路である。つまり、直列接続するキャパシタの数を増やすことや、複数のキャパシタによって蓄電されたキャパシタを複数直列接続し、このような電気回路を何段にも繋ぐことにより、さらに大容量の蓄電も可能である。 This embodiment is a power storage circuit using only capacitors 3-a to 3-e. However, the present invention is an electric circuit in which a large number of weak power storages can be expanded in stages. In other words, by increasing the number of capacitors connected in series, connecting a plurality of capacitors stored by a plurality of capacitors in series, and connecting such electrical circuits in multiple stages, it is possible to store a larger capacity. .

また、本実施形態では圧電素子を用いたが、圧電素子を風力発電装置、太陽光発電装置等に置き換えることにより、多数の風力発電、太陽光発電等からの起微弱電力を低損失で貯めていく蓄電回路としても利用することができる。 Moreover, although the piezoelectric element is used in this embodiment, by replacing the piezoelectric element with a wind power generator, a solar power generator, etc., the weak electric power from a large number of wind power generators, solar power generators, etc. is stored with low loss. It can also be used as a storage circuit.

本発明の一実施形態に係る４層式の蓄電回路を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the 4-layer type electrical storage circuit which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施形態に係る蓄電回路において用いるスイッチの例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the example of the switch used in the electrical storage circuit which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

１−ａ〜１−ｄ圧電素子
２−ａ〜２−ｅ整流素子
３−ａ〜３−ｅキャパシタ
４−ａ〜４−ｃＳＰＤＴスイッチ
５コモン端子
６メイク端子
７ブレイク端子
８コントロール端子
９電界効果トランジスタ
１０インバータ
1-a to 1-d Piezoelectric element 2-a to 2-e Rectifier element 3-a to 3-e Capacitor 4-a to 4-c SPDT switch 5 Common terminal 6 Make terminal 7 Break terminal 8 Control terminal 9 Electric field effect Transistor 10 Inverter

Claims

A plurality of first power storage means having first and second electrodes;
A second power storage means having first and second electrodes, and wherein the second electrode is always grounded;
A plurality of grounded power generation means for supplying a charge from the first electrode to each of the plurality of first power storage means and the second power storage means;
A first rectifying means that enables electric charge to move only from each of the power generation means in the direction of each of the first power storage means and the second power storage means;
A plurality of synchronized switching means having a common terminal, a make terminal, and a break terminal, wherein each common terminal is connected to a second electrode of each first power storage means, and each make terminal is Switching means connected to the first electrodes of the first power storage means and the second power storage means, respectively, and the break terminals are grounded;
1st and 2nd electrode, this 1st electrode is connected with one 1st electrode of said 1st electrical storage means , and this 2nd electrode is always earth | grounded A third power storage means;
And a second rectifying means that enables electric charge to move only in the direction from the first power storage means to the third power storage means, and the switching means establishes a connection between the common terminal and the break terminal. Each of the power generation means individually stores power in each of the plurality of first power storage means and the second power storage means, and the switching means establishes a connection between the common terminal and the make terminal. Each of the plurality of first power storage means and the second power storage means is connected in series via the plurality of switching means, and the plurality of first power storage means and the second power storage means are A power storage circuit that stores power in a third power storage means .

The power storage circuit according to claim 1, wherein the power generation means is a piezoelectric element.